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Wang J, Zhang B, Li L, Tang X, Zeng J, Song Y, Xu C, Zhao K, Liu G, Lu Y, Li X, Shu K. Repetitive traumatic brain injury-induced complement C1-related inflammation impairs long-term hippocampal neurogenesis. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:821-835. [PMID: 38886955 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202503000-00027/figure1/v/2024-06-17T092413Z/r/image-tiff Repetitive traumatic brain injury impacts adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, leading to long-term cognitive impairment. However, the mechanism underlying this neurogenesis impairment remains unknown. In this study, we established a male mouse model of repetitive traumatic brain injury and performed long-term evaluation of neurogenesis of the hippocampal dentate gyrus after repetitive traumatic brain injury. Our results showed that repetitive traumatic brain injury inhibited neural stem cell proliferation and development, delayed neuronal maturation, and reduced the complexity of neuronal dendrites and spines. Mice with repetitive traumatic brain injuryalso showed deficits in spatial memory retrieval. Moreover, following repetitive traumatic brain injury, neuroinflammation was enhanced in the neurogenesis microenvironment where C1q levels were increased, C1q binding protein levels were decreased, and canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling was downregulated. An inhibitor of C1 reversed the long-term impairment of neurogenesis induced by repetitive traumatic brain injury and improved neurological function. These findings suggest that repetitive traumatic brain injury-induced C1-related inflammation impairs long-term neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and contributes to spatial memory retrieval dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jinyu Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yige Song
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Graduate Student, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medical Science, Hubei University for Nationalities, Enshi, Hubei Province, China
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xinyan Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Institute for Brain Research, Wuhan Center of Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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2
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Arellano JI, Rakic P. Modelling adult neurogenesis in the aging rodent hippocampus: a midlife crisis. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1416460. [PMID: 38887368 PMCID: PMC11181911 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1416460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Contrary to humans, adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rodents is not controversial. And in the last three decades, multiple studies in rodents have deemed adult neurogenesis essential for most hippocampal functions. The functional relevance of new neurons relies on their distinct physiological properties during their maturation before they become indistinguishable from mature granule cells. Most functional studies have used very young animals with robust neurogenesis. However, this trait declines dramatically with age, questioning its functional relevance in aging animals, a caveat that has been mentioned repeatedly, but rarely analyzed quantitatively. In this meta-analysis, we use data from published studies to determine the critical functional window of new neurons and to model their numbers across age in both mice and rats. Our model shows that new neurons with distinct functional profile represent about 3% of the total granule cells in young adult 3-month-old rodents, and their number decline following a power function to reach less than 1% in middle aged animals and less than 0.5% in old mice and rats. These low ratios pose an important logical and computational caveat to the proposed essential role of new neurons in the dentate gyrus, particularly in middle aged and old animals, a factor that needs to be adequately addressed when defining the relevance of adult neurogenesis in hippocampal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon I. Arellano
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience at Yale, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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3
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Wang W, Zhong Y, Zhou Y, Yu Y, Li J, Kang S, Ma Z, Fan X, Sun L, Tang L. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound mitigates cognitive impairment by inhibiting muscle atrophy in hindlimb unloaded mice. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:1427-1438. [PMID: 37672304 DOI: 10.1121/10.0020835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Microgravity leads to muscle loss, usually accompanied by cognitive impairment. Muscle reduction was associated with the decline of cognitive ability. Our previous studies showed that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) promoted muscle hypertrophy and prevented muscle atrophy. This study aims to verify whether LIPUS can improve cognitive impairment by preventing muscle atrophy in hindlimb unloaded mice. In this study, mice were randomly divided into normal control (NC), hindlimb unloading (HU), hindlimb unloading + LIPUS (HU+LIPUS) groups. The mice in the HU+LIPUS group received a 30 mW/cm2 LIPUS irradiation on gastrocnemius for 20 min/d. After 21 days, LIPUS significantly prevented the decrease in muscle mass and strength caused by tail suspension. The HU+LIPUS mice showed an enhanced desire to explore unfamiliar environments and their spatial learning and memory abilities, enabling them to quickly identify differences between different objects, as well as their social discrimination abilities. MSTN is a negative regulator of muscle growth and also plays a role in regulating cognition. LIPUS significantly inhibited MSTN expression in skeletal muscle and serum and its receptor ActRIIB expression in brain, upregulated AKT and BDNF expression in brain. Taken together, LIPUS may improve the cognitive dysfunction in hindlimb unloaded rats by inhibiting muscle atrophy through MSTN/AKT/BDNF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhao Wang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yaling Zhou
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yanan Yu
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Jiaxiang Li
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Sufang Kang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zhanke Ma
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Xiushan Fan
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Institute of Sports Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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4
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Wu Y, Bottes S, Fisch R, Zehnder C, Cole JD, Pilz GA, Helmchen F, Simons BD, Jessberger S. Chronic in vivo imaging defines age-dependent alterations of neurogenesis in the mouse hippocampus. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:380-390. [PMID: 37117787 PMCID: PMC10154232 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) generate new neurons throughout life in the mammalian hippocampus1. Advancing age leads to a decline in neurogenesis, which is associated with impaired cognition2,3. The cellular mechanisms causing reduced neurogenesis with advancing age remain largely unknown. We genetically labeled NSCs through conditional recombination driven by the regulatory elements of the stem-cell-expressed gene GLI family zinc finger 1 (Gli1) and used chronic intravital imaging to follow individual NSCs and their daughter cells over months within their hippocampal niche4,5. We show that aging affects multiple steps, from cell cycle entry of quiescent NSCs to determination of the number of surviving cells, ultimately causing reduced clonal output of individual NSCs. Thus, we here define the developmental stages that may be targeted to enhance neurogenesis with the aim of maintaining hippocampal plasticity with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wu
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bottes
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Fisch
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia Zehnder
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Darby Cole
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gregor-Alexander Pilz
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- BioMedical Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fritjof Helmchen
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Dynamics, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian Jessberger
- Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, Faculties of Medicine and Science, Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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5
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Zhou OY, Brunet A. Seeing is believing: old clones die young. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:371-373. [PMID: 37117790 PMCID: PMC10833654 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The ability of adult neural stem cells to produce new neurons (neurogenesis) declines markedly during aging, but exactly how this occurs is largely unknown. Using sophisticated in vivo imaging, a study in Nature Aging shows that aging affects several steps of neurogenesis — most notably, increasing the death of newborn clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Y Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Medical Scientist Training Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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6
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Bonds JA, Tunc-Ozcan E, Dunlop SR, Rawat R, Peng CY, Kessler JA. Why Some Mice Are Smarter than Others: The Impact of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling on Cognition. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0213-22.2022. [PMID: 36596594 PMCID: PMC9833048 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0213-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inbred mice (C57Bl/6) display wide variability in performance on hippocampal-dependent cognitive tasks. Examination of microdissected dentate gyrus (DG) after cognitive testing showed a highly significant negative correlation between levels of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and recognition memory. Cognitive performance decline during the aging process, and the degree of cognitive decline is strongly correlated with aging-related increases in BMP signaling. Further, cognitive performance was impaired when the BMP inhibitor, noggin, was knocked down in the DG. Infusion of noggin into the lateral ventricles enhanced DG-dependent cognition while BMP4 infusion led to significant impairments. Embryonic overexpression of noggin resulted in lifelong enhancement of recognition and spatial memory while overexpression of BMP4 resulted in lifelong impairment, substantiating the importance of differences in BMP signaling in wild-type mice. These findings indicate that performance in DG-dependent cognitive tasks is largely determined by differences in levels BMP signaling in the dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A Bonds
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Elif Tunc-Ozcan
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Sara R Dunlop
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Radhika Rawat
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Chian-Yu Peng
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - John A Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611
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7
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Liu Q, Zhang J, Xiao C, Su D, Li L, Yang C, Zhao Z, Jiang W, You Z, Zhou T. Akebia saponin D protects hippocampal neurogenesis from microglia-mediated inflammation and ameliorates depressive-like behaviors and cognitive impairment in mice through the PI3K-Akt pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927419. [PMID: 36110522 PMCID: PMC9468712 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the ability of akebia saponin D (ASD) to protect various types of stem cells, in the present study, we hypothesized that ASD could promote the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of neural stem/precursor cells (NSPCs), even in a microglia-mediated inflammatory environment, thereby mitigating inflammation-related neuropsychopathology. We established a mouse model of chronic neuroinflammation by exposing animals to low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.25 mg/kg/d) for 14 days. The results showed that chronic exposure to LPS strikingly reduced hippocampal levels of PI3K and pAkt and neurogenesis in mice. In the presen of a microglia-mediated inflammatory niche, the PI3K-Akt signaling in cultured NSPCs was inhibited, promoting their apoptosis and differentiation into astrocytes, while decreasing neurogenesis. Conversely, ASD strongly increased the levels of PI3K and pAkt and stimulated NSPC proliferation, survival and neuronal differentiation in the microglia-mediated inflammatory niche in vitro and in vivo. ASD also restored the synaptic function of hippocampal neurons and ameliorated depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairment in mice chronically exposed to LPS. The results from network pharmacology analysis showed that the PI3K-AKT pathway is one of the targets of ASD to against major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). And the results from molecular docking based on computer modeling showed that ASD is bound to the interaction interface of the PI3K and AKT. The PI3K-Akt inhibitor LY294002 blocked the therapeutic effects of ASD in vitro and in vivo. These results suggested that ASD protects NSPCs from the microglia-mediated inflammatory niche, promoting their proliferation, survival and neuronal differentiation, as well as ameliorating depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive impairment by activating the PI3K-AKT pathway. Our work suggests the potential of ASD for treating Alzheimer’s disease, depression and other cognitive disorders involving impaired neurogenesis by microglia-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Liu
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinqiang Zhang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jinqiang Zhang, Tao Zhou,
| | - Chenghong Xiao
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Dapeng Su
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Liangyuan Li
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Changgui Yang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhihuang Zhao
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Weike Jiang
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zili You
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Resource Institute for Chinese & Ethnic Materia Medica, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Jinqiang Zhang, Tao Zhou,
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8
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Culig L, Chu X, Bohr VA. Neurogenesis in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 78:101636. [PMID: 35490966 PMCID: PMC9168971 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the process by which neurons are generated in certain areas of the adult brain, declines in an age-dependent manner and is one potential target for extending cognitive healthspan. Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases and, as lifespans are increasing, these health challenges are becoming more prevalent. An age-associated loss in neural stem cell number and/or activity could cause this decline in brain function, so interventions that reverse aging in stem cells might increase the human cognitive healthspan. In this review, we describe the involvement of adult neurogenesis in neurodegenerative diseases and address the molecular mechanistic aspects of neurogenesis that involve some of the key aggregation-prone proteins in the brain (i.e., tau, Aβ, α-synuclein, …). We summarize the research pertaining to interventions that increase neurogenesis and regulate known targets in aging research, such as mTOR and sirtuins. Lastly, we share our outlook on restoring the levels of neurogenesis to physiological levels in elderly individuals and those with neurodegeneration. We suggest that modulating neurogenesis represents a potential target for interventions that could help in the fight against neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Culig
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xixia Chu
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- Section on DNA Repair, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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9
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Therapeutically viable generation of neurons with antisense oligonucleotide suppression of PTB. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1089-1099. [PMID: 34083786 PMCID: PMC8338913 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Methods to enhance adult neurogenesis by reprogramming glial cells into neurons enable production of new neurons in the adult nervous system. Development of therapeutically viable approaches to induce new neurons is now required to bring this concept to clinical application. Here, we successfully generate new neurons in the cortex and dentate gyrus of the aged adult mouse brain by transiently suppressing polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1 using an antisense oligonucleotide delivered by a single injection into cerebral spinal fluid. Radial glial-like cells and other GFAP-expressing cells convert into new neurons that, over a 2-month period, acquire mature neuronal character in a process mimicking normal neuronal maturation. The new neurons functionally integrate into endogenous circuits and modify mouse behavior. Thus, generation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of the aging brain can be achieved with a therapeutically feasible approach, thereby opening prospects for production of neurons to replace those lost to neurodegenerative disease.
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10
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Hourigan B, Balay SD, Yee G, Sharma S, Tan Q. Capicua regulates the development of adult-born neurons in the hippocampus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11725. [PMID: 34083623 PMCID: PMC8175746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons continuously arise from neural progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus to support ongoing learning and memory formation. To generate functional adult-born neurons, neural progenitor cells proliferate to expand the precursor cell pool and differentiate into neurons. Newly generated cells then undergo postmitotic maturation to migrate to their final destination and develop elaborate dendritic branching, which allows them to receive input signals. Little is known about factors that regulate neuronal differentiation, migration, and dendrite maturation during adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we show that the transcriptional repressor protein capicua (CIC) exhibits dynamic expression in the adult dentate gyrus. Conditional deletion of Cic from the mouse dentate gyrus compromises the adult neural progenitor cell pool without altering their proliferative potential. We further demonstrate that the loss of Cic impedes neuronal lineage development and disrupts dendritic arborization and migration of adult-born neurons. Our study uncovers a previously unrecognized role of CIC in neurogenesis of the adult dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Hourigan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6J 2H7, Canada
| | - Spencer D Balay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6J 2H7, Canada.,Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Graydon Yee
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6J 2H7, Canada
| | - Saloni Sharma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6J 2H7, Canada
| | - Qiumin Tan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, T6J 2H7, Canada.
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11
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Ibrayeva A, Bay M, Pu E, Jörg DJ, Peng L, Jun H, Zhang N, Aaron D, Lin C, Resler G, Hidalgo A, Jang MH, Simons BD, Bonaguidi MA. Early stem cell aging in the mature brain. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 28:955-966.e7. [PMID: 33848469 PMCID: PMC10069280 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell dysfunction drives many age-related disorders. Identifying mechanisms that initially compromise stem cell behavior represent early targets to promote tissue function later in life. Here, we pinpoint multiple factors that disrupt neural stem cell (NSC) behavior in the adult hippocampus. Clonal tracing showed that NSCs exhibit asynchronous depletion by identifying short-term NSCs (ST-NSCs) and long-term NSCs (LT-NSCs). ST-NSCs divide rapidly to generate neurons and deplete in the young brain. Meanwhile, multipotent LT-NSCs are maintained for months but are pushed out of homeostasis by lengthening quiescence. Single-cell transcriptome analysis of deep NSC quiescence revealed several hallmarks of molecular aging in the mature brain and identified tyrosine-protein kinase Abl1 as an NSC aging factor. Treatment with the Abl inhibitor imatinib increased NSC activation without impairing NSC maintenance in the middle-aged brain. Our study indicates that hippocampal NSCs are particularly vulnerable and adaptable to cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Ibrayeva
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; USC Davis School - Buck Institute Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Maxwell Bay
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, W. M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Elbert Pu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - David J Jörg
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK; Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Lei Peng
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, W. M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Heechul Jun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Naibo Zhang
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Daniel Aaron
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Congrui Lin
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Galen Resler
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Axel Hidalgo
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mi-Hyeon Jang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK; Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Michael A Bonaguidi
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research at USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; USC Davis School - Buck Institute Graduate Program in the Biology of Aging, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, W. M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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12
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Yıldırım AB. The effect of exercise on the total number of BrdU + cell counts in rats' hippocampal dentate gyrus: A meta-analysis study. Brain Res 2021; 1766:147512. [PMID: 33961895 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayşegül Burçin Yıldırım
- Gaziantep Islam, Science and Technology University, Faculty of Medicine, Histology-Embriyology Department, Turkey
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13
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Zupanc GKH. Adult neurogenesis in the central nervous system of teleost fish: from stem cells to function and evolution. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:258585. [PMID: 33914040 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.226357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the generation of functional neurons from adult neural stem cells in the central nervous system (CNS), is widespread, and perhaps universal, among vertebrates. This phenomenon is more pronounced in teleost fish than in any other vertebrate taxon. There are up to 100 neurogenic sites in the adult teleost brain. New cells, including neurons and glia, arise from neural stem cells harbored both in neurogenic niches and outside these niches (such as the ependymal layer and parenchyma in the spinal cord, respectively). At least some, but not all, of the stem cells are of astrocytic identity. Aging appears to lead to stem cell attrition in fish that exhibit determinate body growth but not in those with indeterminate growth. At least in some areas of the CNS, the activity of the neural stem cells results in additive neurogenesis or gliogenesis - tissue growth by net addition of cells. Mathematical and computational modeling has identified three factors to be crucial for sustained tissue growth and correct formation of CNS structures: symmetric stem cell division, cell death and cell drift due to population pressure. It is hypothesized that neurogenesis in the CNS is driven by continued growth of corresponding muscle fibers and sensory receptor cells in the periphery to ensure a constant ratio of peripheral versus central elements. This 'numerical matching hypothesis' can explain why neurogenesis has ceased in most parts of the adult CNS during the evolution of mammals, which show determinate growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther K H Zupanc
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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14
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Jiang N, Cupolillo D, Grosjean N, Muller E, Deforges S, Mulle C, Amédée T. Impaired plasticity of intrinsic excitability in the dentate gyrus alters spike transfer in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 154:105345. [PMID: 33766653 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline related to deficits in synaptic transmission and plasticity. We report in APP/PS1 mice, a double transgenic mouse model of AD, that females displayed an early burden of Aβ plaques load in the stratum moleculare of the dentate gyrus (DG) together with prominent neuroinflammatory activation of astrocytes and microglia. Robust deficits in hippocampus-dependent memory tasks were observed in APP/PS1 female mice as early as 3 months of age. We then studied the functional properties of the lateral perforant path (LPP) to DG granule cells. Remarkably DG granule cells displayed higher intrinsic excitability in APP/PS1 female mice. We showed that the long term potentiation of population spike amplitude induced by high frequency stimulation (HFS) at LPP-DG granule cells synapse is impaired in APP/PS1 female mice. HFS induced plasticity of intrinsic excitability in DG granule cells without inducing noticeable modification of synaptic strength. Furthermore, the enhanced intrinsic excitability was potentiated to a greater extent in APP/PS1 as compared to control mice following HFS. Our study shows that changes in the intrinsic excitability of DG granule cells in AD contribute to the dysfunctional transfer of information from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Dario Cupolillo
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Noelle Grosjean
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Emeline Muller
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Séverine Deforges
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Mulle
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Thierry Amédée
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, Bordeaux Imaging Center, BIC, UMS 3420, US 4, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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15
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Chen S, Wang T, Yao J, Brinton RD. Allopregnanolone Promotes Neuronal and Oligodendrocyte Differentiation In Vitro and In Vivo: Therapeutic Implication for Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1813-1824. [PMID: 32632771 PMCID: PMC7851314 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that the endogenous neurosteroid allopregnanolone (Allo) promotes regeneration of rodent and human neural progenitor/neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro and in vivo, and restores neurogenesis and cognitive function in the male triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (3xTgAD). In this study, we investigated Allo regulation of neuronal differentiation of adult mouse neural stem cells from both sexes. Outcomes indicated that the age-dependent shift from neuronal to glial differentiation was accelerated and magnified in 3xTgAD adult NSCs compared to that in age-matched non-Tg NSCs. Coincident with the decline in neuronal differentiation, the number of immature neurons declined earlier in 3xTgAD mice, which was consistent with observations in the aged Alzheimer's human brain. Allo treatment restored the neuron/astrocyte ratio derived from adult 3xTgAD NSCs and increased both NSC proliferation and differentiation in the 3xTgAD brain. Allo treatment also significantly increased expression of Olig2, an oligodendrocyte precursor cell marker, as well as Olig2-positive cells in the corpus callosum of 3xTgAD mice. Increased neuronal and oligodendrocyte differentiation was paralleled by an increase in the expression levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R). Collectively, these findings are consistent with Allo acting as a pleiotropic therapeutic to promote regeneration of gray and white matter in the Alzheimer's brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Chen
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roberta Diaz Brinton
- Center for Innovation in Brain Science, University of Arizona, 1230 N Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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16
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Bonafina A, Trinchero MF, Ríos AS, Bekinschtein P, Schinder AF, Paratcha G, Ledda F. GDNF and GFRα1 Are Required for Proper Integration of Adult-Born Hippocampal Neurons. Cell Rep 2020; 29:4308-4319.e4. [PMID: 31875542 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is required for the survival and differentiation of diverse neuronal populations during nervous system development. Despite the high expression of GDNF and its receptor GFRα1 in the adult hippocampus, the functional role of this system remains unknown. Here, we show that GDNF, acting through its GFRα1 receptor, controls dendritic structure and spine density of adult-born granule cells, which reveals that GFRα1 is required for their integration into preexisting circuits. Moreover, conditional mutant mice for GFRα1 show deficits in behavioral pattern separation, a task in which adult neurogenesis is known to play a critical role. We also find that running increases GDNF in the dentate gyrus and promotes GFRα1-dependent CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) activation and dendrite maturation. Together, these findings indicate that GDNF/GFRα1 signaling plays an essential role in the plasticity of adult circuits, controlling the integration of newly generated neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Bonafina
- División de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Fernanda Trinchero
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonella Soledad Ríos
- División de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Bekinschtein
- Instituto de Neurociencia Cognitiva y Translacional, Universidad Favaloro, INECO, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Fabián Schinder
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- División de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Fernanda Ledda
- División de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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17
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Dahan L, Rampon C, Florian C. Age-related memory decline, dysfunction of the hippocampus and therapeutic opportunities. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 102:109943. [PMID: 32298784 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While the aging of the population is a sign of progress for societies, it also carries its load of negative aspects. Among them, cognitive decline and in particular memory loss is a common feature of non-pathological aging. Autobiographical memories, which rely on the hippocampus, are a primary target of age-related cognitive decline. Here, focusing on the neurobiological mechanisms of memory formation and storage, we describe how hippocampal functions are altered across time in non-pathological mammalian brains. Several hallmarks of aging have been well described over the last decades; among them, we consider altered synaptic communication and plasticity, reduction of adult neurogenesis and epigenetic alterations. Building on the neurobiological processes of cognitive aging that have been identified to date, we review some of the strategies based on lifestyle manupulation allowing to address age-related cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Dahan
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Claire Rampon
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Cédrick Florian
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse; CNRS, UPS, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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18
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Murray KD, Liu XB, King AN, Luu JD, Cheng HJ. Age-Related Changes in Synaptic Plasticity Associated with Mossy Fiber Terminal Integration during Adult Neurogenesis. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0030-20.2020. [PMID: 32332082 PMCID: PMC7240290 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0030-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse hippocampus retains the capacity for neurogenesis throughout lifetime, but such plasticity decreases with age. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) involves the birth, maturation, and synaptic integration of newborn granule cells (GCs) into preexisting hippocampal circuitry. While functional integration onto adult-born GCs has been extensively studied, maturation of efferent projections onto CA3 pyramidal cells is less understood, particularly in aged brain. Here, using combined light and reconstructive electron microscopy (EM), we describe the maturation of mossy fiber bouton (MFB) connectivity with CA3 pyramidal cells in young adult and aged mouse brain. We found mature synaptic contacts of newborn GCs were formed in both young and aged brains. However, the dynamics of their spatiotemporal development and the cellular process by which these cells functionally integrated over time were different. In young brain newborn GCs either formed independent nascent MFB synaptic contacts or replaced preexisting MFBs, but these contacts were pruned over time to a mature state. In aged brain only replacement of preexisting MFBs was observed and new contacts were without evidence of pruning. These data illustrate that functional synaptic integration of AHN occurs in young adult and aged brain, but with distinct dynamics. They suggest elimination of preexisting connectivity is required for the integration of adult-born GCs in aged brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl D Murray
- Center for Neuroscience
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience
| | | | | | | | - Hwai-Jong Cheng
- Center for Neuroscience
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and behavior
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95618
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19
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Isaev NK, Stelmashook EV, Genrikhs EE. Neurogenesis and brain aging. Rev Neurosci 2020; 30:573-580. [PMID: 30763272 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human aging affects the entire organism, but aging of the brain must undoubtedly be different from that of all other organs, as neurons are highly differentiated postmitotic cells, for the majority of which the lifespan in the postnatal period is equal to the lifespan of the entire organism. In this work, we examine the distinctive features of brain aging and neurogenesis during normal aging, pathological aging (Alzheimer's disease), and accelerated aging (Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and Werner syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolay K Isaev
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, N.A. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Biological Faculty, Moscow 119991, Russia.,Research Center of Neurology, Moscow 125367, Russia
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20
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GABA-A receptor modulating steroids in acute and chronic stress; relevance for cognition and dementia? Neurobiol Stress 2019; 12:100206. [PMID: 31921942 PMCID: PMC6948369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction, dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are increasing as the population worldwide ages. Therapeutics for these conditions is an unmet need. This review focuses on the role of the positive GABA-A receptor modulating steroid allopregnanolone (APα), it's role in underlying mechanisms for impaired cognition and of AD, and to determine options for therapy of AD. On one hand, APα given intermittently promotes neurogenesis, decreases AD-related pathology and improves cognition. On the other, continuous exposure of APα impairs cognition and deteriorates AD pathology. The disparity between these two outcomes led our groups to analyze the mechanisms underlying the difference. We conclude that the effects of APα depend on administration pattern and that chronic slightly increased APα exposure is harmful to cognitive function and worsens AD pathology whereas single administrations with longer intervals improve cognition and decrease AD pathology. These collaborative assessments provide insights for the therapeutic development of APα and APα antagonists for AD and provide a model for cross laboratory collaborations aimed at generating translatable data for human clinical trials.
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21
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Trinchero MF, Herrero M, Schinder AF. Rejuvenating the Brain With Chronic Exercise Through Adult Neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1000. [PMID: 31619959 PMCID: PMC6759473 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging brain presents a general decline in plasticity that also affects hippocampal neurogenesis. Besides the well-known reduction in the rate of neuronal generation, development of new neurons is largely delayed in the aging brain. We have recently shown that this slow development is accelerated when middle-aged mice perform voluntary exercise in a running wheel. It is unclear whether the effects of exercise on neurogenic plasticity are persistent in time in a manner that might influence neuronal cohorts generated over an extended time span. To clarify these issues, we examined the effects of exercise length in 3-week-old neurons and found that their development is accelerated only when running occurs for long (3-4 weeks) but not short periods (1 week). Furthermore, chronic running acted with similar efficiency on neurons that were born at the onset, within, or at the end of the exercise period, lasting until 3 months. Interestingly, no effects were observed on neurons born 1 month after exercise had ended. Our results indicate that multiple neuronal cohorts born throughout the exercise span integrate very rapidly in the aging brain, such that the effects of running will accumulate and expand network assembly promoted by neurogenesis. These networks are likely to be more complex than those assembled in a sedentary mouse due to the faster and more efficient integration of new neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela F Trinchero
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magalí Herrero
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F Schinder
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Trinchero MF, Herrero M, Monzón-Salinas MC, Schinder AF. Experience-Dependent Structural Plasticity of Adult-Born Neurons in the Aging Hippocampus. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:739. [PMID: 31379489 PMCID: PMC6651579 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic modification in cortical structures underlies the acquisition of novel information that results in learning and memory formation. In the adult dentate gyrus, circuit remodeling is boosted by the generation of new granule cells (GCs) that contribute to specific aspects of memory encoding. These forms of plasticity decrease in the aging brain, where both the rate of adult neurogenesis and the speed of morphological maturation of newly generated neurons decline. In the young-adult brain, a brief novel experience accelerates the integration of new neurons. The extent to which such degree of plasticity is preserved in the aging hippocampus remains unclear. In this work, we characterized the time course of functional integration of adult-born GCs in middle-aged mice. We performed whole-cell recordings in developing GCs from Ascl1CreERT2;CAGfloxStopTom mice and found a late onset of functional excitatory synaptogenesis, which occurred at 4 weeks (vs. 2 weeks in young-adult mice). Overall mature excitability and maximal glutamatergic connectivity were achieved at 10 weeks. In contrast, large mossy fiber boutons (MFBs) in CA3 displayed mature morphological features including filopodial extensions at 4 weeks, suggesting that efferent connectivity develops faster than afference. Notably, new GCs from middle-aged mice exposed to enriched environment for 7 days showed an advanced degree of maturity at 3 weeks, revealed by the high frequency of excitatory postsynaptic responses, complex dendritic trees, and large size of MFBs with filopodial extensions. These findings demonstrate that adult-born neurons act as sensors that transduce behavioral stimuli into major network remodeling in the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alejandro F. Schinder
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Semënov MV. Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Is a Developmental Process Involved in Cognitive Development. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:159. [PMID: 30894797 PMCID: PMC6415654 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail V Semënov
- Bedford Division, New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, United States.,The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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24
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Takei Y. Age-dependent decline in neurogenesis of the hippocampus and extracellular nucleotides. Hum Cell 2019; 32:88-94. [PMID: 30730038 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-019-00241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
New neurons are continuously generated in the adult brain. This generation primarily occurs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. In the SGZ, neural stem cells (NSCs) give rise to glutamatergic granule cells that integrate into the hippocampal circuitry. Reduction of neurogenesis in the hippocampus impairs learning and memory, which suggests that this process is important for adult hippocampal function. Indeed, the neurogenesis is reduced in the progression of aging, which is thought to contribute to age-related cognitive impairment. Although the mechanism of age-dependent decline in neurogenesis remains largely obscure, astrocytes are thought to play a vital role in regulating NSC proliferation and differentiation. Both astrocytes and NSCs secrete nucleotides to the extracellular space and extracellular nucleotides bind to their receptors on the surface of target cells. In this review, the recent knowledge on adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is summarized briefly, and possible role of extracellular nucleotides in the age-dependent changes of the adult neurogenesis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Takei
- Department of Nanobio Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyoto University, 46-29, Shimo-adachi-cho, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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25
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Smith K, Semënov MV. The impact of age on number and distribution of proliferating cells in subgranular zone in adult mouse brain. IBRO Rep 2018; 6:18-30. [PMID: 30582065 PMCID: PMC6297242 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse brain retains an ability to produce hippocampal granule neurons during the mouse’s entire lifespan. The neurons are produced in the subgranular zone (SGZ) located on the inner surface of the granule cell layer in the dentate gyrus (DG). In our study, we used a point cloud approach to characterize how the production and distribution of neural precursors for new hippocampal neurons change in the mouse brain relative to age. We found that the production of neural precursors decreases 64 fold from the age of 30 days to the age of 2.5 years. Within the SGZ the decline of cell proliferation continues during entire mouse life. We reconstructed the distribution of proliferating cells along the longitudinal axis of the SGZ and found that the highest number of proliferating cells are located approximately 0.75 mm from the dorsomedial end of the SGZ that corresponds to the most dorsal part of the DG in the mouse brain. The distribution of proliferating cells in the SGZ showed no apparent aggregations, periodicity or any other readily identifiable spatial characteristics. Proliferating cells in the SGZ tended to be located separately from other proliferating cells. About two thirds of them have no closely located other proliferating cells, and the remaining third is located in small clusters comprised of 2 or 3 proliferating cells. Based on our measurements, we calculated that from the age of 30 days to the age of 2.5 years 1.5 million neural precursors are produced in the SGZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Smith
- New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bedford Division, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, United States
| | - Mikhail V Semënov
- New England Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bedford Division, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA, United States.,The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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26
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Go J, Park TS, Han GH, Park HY, Ryu YK, Kim YH, Hwang JH, Choi DH, Noh JR, Hwang DY, Kim S, Oh WK, Lee CH, Kim KS. Piperlongumine decreases cognitive impairment and improves hippocampal function in aged mice. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1875-1884. [PMID: 30066827 PMCID: PMC6108885 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperlongumine (PL), a biologically active compound from the Piper species, has been shown to exert various pharmacological effects in a number of conditions, including tumours, diabetes, pain, psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative disease. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of PL on hippocampal function and cognition decline in aged mice. PL (50 mg/kg/day) was intragastrically administrated to 23‑month‑old female C57BL/6J mice for 8 weeks. Novel object recognition and nest building behaviour tests were used to assess cognitive and social functions. Additionally, immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis were performed to examine the effects of PL on the hippocampus. We found that the oral administration of PL significantly improved novel object recognition and nest building behaviour in aged mice. Although neither the percentage area occupied by astrocytes and microglia nor the level of 4‑hydroxynonenal protein, a specific marker of lipid peroxidation, were altered by PL treatment, the phosphorylation levels of N‑methyl‑D‑aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NR2B), calmodulin‑dependent protein kinase II alpha (CaMKIIα) and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were markedly increased in the hippocampus of aged mice following the administration of PL. We also found that PL treatment resulted in a CA3‑specific increase in the phosphorylation level of cyclic AMP response element binding protein, which is recognized as a potent marker of neuronal plasticity, learning and memory. Moreover, the number of doublecortin‑positive cells, a specific marker of neurogenesis, was significantly increased following PL treatment in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. On the whole, these data demonstrate that PL treatment may be a potential novel approach in the treatment of age‑related cognitive impairment and hippocampal changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Go
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463
| | - Tae-Shin Park
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141
| | - Geun-Hee Han
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826
| | - Hye-Yeon Park
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141
| | - Young-Kyoung Ryu
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141
| | - Yong-Hoon Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113
| | - Jung Hwan Hwang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113
| | - Dong-Hee Choi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141
| | - Jung-Ran Noh
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113
| | - Kyoung-Shim Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113
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27
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Trinchero MF, Buttner KA, Sulkes Cuevas JN, Temprana SG, Fontanet PA, Monzón-Salinas MC, Ledda F, Paratcha G, Schinder AF. High Plasticity of New Granule Cells in the Aging Hippocampus. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1129-1139. [PMID: 29091753 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging, the brain undergoes changes that impair cognitive capacity and circuit plasticity, including a marked decrease in production of adult-born hippocampal neurons. It is unclear whether development and integration of those new neurons are also affected by age. Here, we show that adult-born granule cells (GCs) in aging mice are scarce and exhibit slow development, but they display a remarkable potential for structural plasticity. Retrovirally labeled 3-week-old GCs in middle-aged mice were small, underdeveloped, and disconnected. Neuronal development and integration were accelerated by voluntary exercise or environmental enrichment. Similar effects were observed via knockdown of Lrig1, an endogenous negative modulator of neurotrophin receptors. Consistently, blocking neurotrophin signaling by Lrig1 overexpression abolished the positive effects of exercise. These results demonstrate an unparalleled degree of plasticity in the aging brain mediated by neurotrophins, whereby new GCs remain immature until becoming rapidly recruited to the network by activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela F Trinchero
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Karina A Buttner
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Jessica N Sulkes Cuevas
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Silvio G Temprana
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Paula A Fontanet
- División de Neurociencia Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN-CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - M Cristina Monzón-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Ledda
- División de Neurociencia Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN-CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Paratcha
- División de Neurociencia Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencias (IBCN-CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires C1121ABG, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F Schinder
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina.
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28
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Beccari S, Valero J, Maletic-Savatic M, Sierra A. A simulation model of neuroprogenitor proliferation dynamics predicts age-related loss of hippocampal neurogenesis but not astrogenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16528. [PMID: 29184142 PMCID: PMC5705784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neuroprogenitors give rise to both neurons and astrocytes. As neuroprogenitors are lost with increased age, neurogenesis concomitantly decreases. However, the dynamics of neuron and astrocyte generation throughout adulthood has not been systematically examined. Here, we analyzed the hippocampal niche both longitudinally (from 2 h to 30d of cell life) and transversally (from 1 m to 12 m of age) and generated a Marsaglia polar random simulation model to predict newborn cell dynamics. The sharp decrease in newborn neuron production throughout adulthood was largely predicted by the number of proliferating neuroprogenitors at each age. In contrast, newborn astrocyte decay was slower and associated with their increased yield in mature mice. As a result, the niche shifted from neurogenic to neuro/astrogenic with increased age. Our data provide a simple “end-point” model to understand the hippocampal niche changes across adulthood and suggest yet unexplored functions of newborn astrocytes for the aging hippocampal circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Beccari
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jorge Valero
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,Ikerbasque Foundation, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mirjana Maletic-Savatic
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amanda Sierra
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain. .,University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain. .,Ikerbasque Foundation, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain.
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29
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Cès A, Burg T, Herbeaux K, Héraud C, Bott JB, Mensah-Nyagan AG, Mathis C. Age-related vulnerability of pattern separation in C57BL/6J mice. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 62:120-129. [PMID: 29149630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with impaired performance in behavioral pattern separation (PS) tasks based on similarities in object features and in object location. These deficits have been attributed to functional alterations in the dentate gyrus (DG)-CA3 region. Animal studies suggested a role of adult-born DG neurons in PS performance. The present study investigated the effect of aging in C57BL/6J mice performing PS tasks based on either object features or object location. At the age of 18 months or more, performance was severely impaired in both tasks. Spatial PS performance declined gradually over adult lifespan from 3 to 21 months. Subchronic treatment with the cognitive enhancer D-serine fully rescued spatial PS performance in 18-month-old mice and induced a modest increase in the number of 4-week-old adult-born cells in the DG. Performance of mice in these PS tasks shows an age dependence, which appears to translate well to that found in humans. This model should help in deciphering physiological changes underlying PS deficits and in identifying future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélia Cès
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7364, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), 12 Rue Goethe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thibaut Burg
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7364, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), 12 Rue Goethe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Karine Herbeaux
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7364, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), 12 Rue Goethe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Céline Héraud
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7364, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), 12 Rue Goethe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Bastien Bott
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7364, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), 12 Rue Goethe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ayikoe Guy Mensah-Nyagan
- Université de Strasbourg, INSERM U1119, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Bâtiment 3 de la Faculté de Médecine, 11 Rue Humann, Strasbourg, France
| | - Chantal Mathis
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7364, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), 12 Rue Goethe, Strasbourg, France.
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30
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Population dynamics of neural progenitor cells during aging in the cerebral cortex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:182-187. [PMID: 28911867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that adult neurogenesis occurs in the cerebral cortex of rodents. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have been found in the adult cerebral cortex. These cells are expected to be regulated by various stimuli, including environmental enrichment, exercise, learning, and stress. However, it is unclear what stimuli can regulate cortical NPCs. In this study, we examined whether aging has an impact on population dynamics of NPCs in the murine cerebral cortex, using immunohistological staining for NPCs. The density of NPCs was kept from 5- to 12-month-old, dramatically decreased at 17-month-old, and thereafter maintained the same level until 24-month-old. Comparing the densities of NPCs in the cortical areas, such as the cingulate, primary motor, primary somatosensory, and insular cortices, we found that the degrees of decreased densities of NPCs in the cingulate and insular cortices were significantly smaller than those in the primary motor and somatosensory cortices. NPCs in aged cortex produced new neurons by ischemia. These results indicate that in aged mice, NPCs exist and produce new neurons in the cerebral cortex. Additionally, the extent of reduction of the density of NPCs in the cortices with higher cognitive functions may be less than that in the primary motor and somatosensory cortices.
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31
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Sîrbulescu RF, Ilieş I, Meyer A, Zupanc GKH. Additive neurogenesis supported by multiple stem cell populations mediates adult spinal cord development: A spatiotemporal statistical mapping analysis in a teleost model of indeterminate growth. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 77:1269-1307. [PMID: 28707354 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The knifefish Apteronotus leptorhynchus exhibits indeterminate growth throughout adulthood. This phenomenon extends to the spinal cord, presumably through the continuous addition of new neurons and glial cells. However, little is known about the developmental dynamics of cells added during adult growth. The present work characterizes the structural and functional development of the adult spinal cord in this model organism through a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the spatial and temporal dynamics of new cells at various developmental stages. This analysis, based on a novel statistical mapping approach, revealed within the adult spinal cord a wide distribution of both mitotically active and quiescent Sox2-expressing stem/progenitor cells (SPCs). While such cells are particularly concentrated within the ependymal layer near the central canal, the majority of them reside in the parenchyma, resembling the distribution of SPCs observed in the mammalian spinal cord. The active SPCs in the adult knifefish spinal cord give rise to transit amplifying progenitor cells that undergo a few additional mitotic divisions before developing into Hu C/D+ neurons and S100+ glial cells. There is no evidence of long-distance migration of the newborn cells. The persistence of cell proliferation and differentiation, combined with low levels of apoptosis, leads to a continuous addition of cells to the existing tissue. Newly generated neurons have functional and behavioral relevance, as indicated by the integration of axons of new electromotor neurons into the electric organ of these weakly electric fish. This results in a gradual increase in the amplitude of the electric organ discharge during adult development. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1269-1307, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra F Sîrbulescu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Iulian Ilieş
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Annette Meyer
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Günther K H Zupanc
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
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32
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Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is the process of producing new neurons from neural stem cells (NSCs) for integration into the brain circuitry. Neurogenesis occurs throughout life in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. However, during aging, NSCs and their progenitors exhibit reduced proliferation and neuron production, which is thought to contribute to age-related cognitive impairment and reduced plasticity that is necessary for some types of brain repair. In this review, we describe NSCs and their niches during tissue homeostasis and how they undergo age-associated remodeling and dysfunction. We also discuss some of the functional ramifications in the brain from NSC aging. Finally, we discuss some recent insights from interventions in NSC aging that could eventually translate into therapies for healthy brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deana M Apple
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; The Barshop Institute on Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Rene Solano-Fonseca
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; The Barshop Institute on Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Erzsebet Kokovay
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States; The Barshop Institute on Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States.
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33
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Bettio LEB, Rajendran L, Gil-Mohapel J. The effects of aging in the hippocampus and cognitive decline. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 79:66-86. [PMID: 28476525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural process that is associated with cognitive decline as well as functional and social impairments. One structure of particular interest when considering aging and cognitive decline is the hippocampus, a brain region known to play an important role in learning and memory consolidation as well as in affective behaviours and mood regulation, and where both functional and structural plasticity (e.g., neurogenesis) occur well into adulthood. Neurobiological alterations seen in the aging hippocampus including increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, altered intracellular signalling and gene expression, as well as reduced neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, are thought to be associated with age-related cognitive decline. Non-invasive strategies such as caloric restriction, physical exercise, and environmental enrichment have been shown to counteract many of the age-induced alterations in hippocampal signalling, structure, and function. Thus, such approaches may have therapeutic value in counteracting the deleterious effects of aging and protecting the brain against age-associated neurodegenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E B Bettio
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Luckshi Rajendran
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; UBC Island Medical program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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34
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Fan X, Wheatley EG, Villeda SA. Mechanisms of Hippocampal Aging and the Potential for Rejuvenation. Annu Rev Neurosci 2017; 40:251-272. [PMID: 28441118 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-072116-031357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The past two decades have seen remarkable progress in our understanding of the multifactorial drivers of hippocampal aging and cognitive decline. Recent findings have also raised the possibility of functional rejuvenation in the aged hippocampus. In this review, we aim to synthesize the mechanisms that drive hippocampal aging and evaluate critically the potential for rejuvenation. We discuss the functional changes in synaptic plasticity and regenerative potential of the aged hippocampus, followed by mechanisms of microglia aging, and assess the cross talk between these proaging processes. We then examine proyouth interventions that demonstrate significant promise in reversing age-related impairments in the hippocampus and, finally, attempt to look ahead toward novel therapeutics for brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelai Fan
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143; , , .,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Elizabeth G Wheatley
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143; , , .,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Saul A Villeda
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143; , , .,The Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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35
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Abstract
The functions of adult hippocampal neurogenesis have been extensively investigated during the past decade. Numerous studies have shown that adult neurogenesis may play an important role in the hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. This study evaluated the influence of exercise on hippocampal neurogenesis, neural plasticity, neurotrophic factors, and cognition. Areas of research focused on enhancing effect of exercise for adult hippocampal neurogenesis and protective role of exercise against brain diseases. The present study suggests that exercise improves brain functions and prevents decline of cognition across the lifespan. Understanding of neurobiological mechanisms of exercise on brain functions may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Soo Baek
- Department of Sport & Health Science, College of Natural Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
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36
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Alvarez DD, Giacomini D, Yang SM, Trinchero MF, Temprana SG, Büttner KA, Beltramone N, Schinder AF. A disynaptic feedback network activated by experience promotes the integration of new granule cells. Science 2016; 354:459-465. [PMID: 27789840 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Experience shapes the development and connectivity of adult-born granule cells (GCs) through mechanisms that are poorly understood. We examined the remodeling of dentate gyrus microcircuits in mice in an enriched environment (EE). Short exposure to EE during early development of new GCs accelerated their functional integration. This effect was mimicked by in vivo chemogenetic activation of a limited population of mature GCs. Slice recordings showed that mature GCs recruit parvalbumin γ-aminobutyric acid-releasing interneurons (PV-INs) that feed back onto developing GCs. Accordingly, chemogenetic stimulation of PV-INs or direct depolarization of developing GCs accelerated GC integration, whereas inactivation of PV-INs prevented the effects of EE. Our results reveal a mechanism for dynamic remodeling in which experience activates dentate networks that "prime" young GCs through a disynaptic feedback loop mediated by PV-INs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego D Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Damiana Giacomini
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Sung Min Yang
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Mariela F Trinchero
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Silvio G Temprana
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Karina A Büttner
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Natalia Beltramone
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Alejandro F Schinder
- Laboratorio de Plasticidad Neuronal, Fundación Instituto Leloir-Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina.
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37
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Effects of Aging on Hippocampal Neurogenesis After Irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 94:1181-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.12.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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38
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Cassilhas RC, Tufik S, de Mello MT. Physical exercise, neuroplasticity, spatial learning and memory. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:975-83. [PMID: 26646070 PMCID: PMC11108521 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There has long been discussion regarding the positive effects of physical exercise on brain activity. However, physical exercise has only recently begun to receive the attention of the scientific community, with major interest in its effects on the cognitive functions, spatial learning and memory, as a non-drug method of maintaining brain health and treating neurodegenerative and/or psychiatric conditions. In humans, several studies have shown the beneficial effects of aerobic and resistance exercises in adult and geriatric populations. More recently, studies employing animal models have attempted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity related to physical exercise-induced spatial learning and memory improvement, even under neurodegenerative conditions. In an attempt to clarify these issues, the present review aims to discuss the role of physical exercise in the improvement of spatial learning and memory and the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo C Cassilhas
- Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Túlio de Mello
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy (EEFFTO), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Gao F, Song X, Zhu D, Wang X, Hao A, Nadler JV, Zhan RZ. Dendritic morphology, synaptic transmission, and activity of mature granule cells born following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in the rat. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:384. [PMID: 26500490 PMCID: PMC4596052 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the potential role of enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) in the development of epilepsy, we quantitatively analyzed the geometry of apical dendrites, synaptic transmission, and activation levels of normotopically distributed mature newborn granule cells in the rat. SE in male Sprague-Dawley rats (between 6 and 7 weeks old) lasting for more than 2 h was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine. The complexity, spine density, miniature post-synaptic currents, and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expression of granule cells born 5 days after SE were studied between 10 and 17 weeks after CAG-GFP retroviral vector-mediated labeling. Mature granule cells born after SE had dendritic complexity similar to that of granule cells born naturally, but with denser mushroom-like spines in dendritic segments located in the outer molecular layer. Miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents (mIPSCs) were similar between the controls and rats subjected to SE; however, smaller miniature excitatory post-synaptic current (mEPSC) amplitude with a trend toward less frequent was found in mature granule cells born after SE. After maturation, granule cells born after SE did not show denser Arc expression in the resting condition or 2 h after being activated by pentylenetetrazol-induced transient seizure activity than vicinal GFP-unlabeled granule cells. Thus our results suggest that normotopic granule cells born after pilocarpine-induced SE are no more active when mature than age-matched, naturally born granule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Xueying Song
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Dexiao Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - Aijun Hao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
| | - J Victor Nadler
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ren-Zhi Zhan
- Department of Physiology, Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan, China
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Ngwenya LB, Heyworth NC, Shwe Y, Moore TL, Rosene DL. Age-related changes in dentate gyrus cell numbers, neurogenesis, and associations with cognitive impairments in the rhesus monkey. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 9:102. [PMID: 26236203 PMCID: PMC4500920 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of new neurons in the adult mammalian brain is well-established for the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). However, the role of neurogenesis in hippocampal function and cognition, how it changes in aging, and the mechanisms underlying this are yet to be elucidated in the monkey brain. To address this, we investigated adult neurogenesis in the DG of 42 rhesus monkeys (39 cognitively tested) ranging in age from young adult to the elderly. We report here that there is an age-related decline in proliferation and a delayed development of adult neuronal phenotype. Additionally, we show that many of the new neurons survive throughout the lifetime of the animal and may contribute to a modest increase in total neuron number in the granule cell layer of the DG over the adult life span. Lastly, we find that measures of decreased adult neurogenesis are only modestly predictive of age-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura B Ngwenya
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Nadine C Heyworth
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yamin Shwe
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Tara L Moore
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Douglas L Rosene
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA ; Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
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Nagy PM, Aubert I. Overexpression of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter enhances dendritic complexity of adult-born hippocampal neurons and improves acquisition of spatial memory during aging. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:1881-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Trinchero MF, Koehl M, Bechakra M, Delage P, Charrier V, Grosjean N, Ladeveze E, Schinder AF, Abrous DN. Effects of spaced learning in the water maze on development of dentate granule cells generated in adult mice. Hippocampus 2015; 25:1314-26. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariela F. Trinchero
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity; Leloir Institute, Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Muriel Koehl
- Inserm U862; Bordeaux France
- Université De Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Malik Bechakra
- Inserm U862; Bordeaux France
- Université De Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Pauline Delage
- Inserm U862; Bordeaux France
- Université De Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Vanessa Charrier
- Inserm U862; Bordeaux France
- Université De Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Noelle Grosjean
- Inserm U862; Bordeaux France
- Université De Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Elodie Ladeveze
- Inserm U862; Bordeaux France
- Université De Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
| | - Alejandro F. Schinder
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity; Leloir Institute, Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - D. Nora Abrous
- Inserm U862; Bordeaux France
- Université De Bordeaux; Bordeaux France
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Ransome MI. Could androgens maintain specific domains of mental health in aging men by preserving hippocampal neurogenesis? Neural Regen Res 2014; 7:2227-39. [PMID: 25538744 PMCID: PMC4268723 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.028.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest surrounds the role of sex-hormones in regulating brain function outside of reproductive behaviour. Declining androgen production in aging males has been associated with cognitive impairment, depression and increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Indication for testosterone replacement therapy is based on biochemically determined low circulating testosterone combined with manifest symptoms. However, which aspects of age-related cognitive decline are attributable to low circulating testosterone remain ambiguous. Studies examining cognition in aging men receiving testosterone replacement therapy have yielded equivocal results. The exact role of testosterone in maintaining cognitive function and the underlying neural mechanisms are largely unknown, though it would appear to be domain specific. Clarity in this area will provide clinical direction toward addressing an increasing healthcare burden of mental health decline coincident with increasing longevity. The premise that androgens contribute to maintaining aspects of mental health in aging men by preserving hippocampal neurogenesis will be used as a forum in this review to discuss current knowledge and the need for further studies to better define testosterone replacement strategies for aging male health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark I Ransome
- Florey Neurosciences Institute, Melbourne Brain Centre, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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Jia F, Song N, Zhao C, Xie J, Jiang H. Unexpected improvements of spatial learning and memory abilities in chronic rotenone intoxicated mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91641. [PMID: 24618574 PMCID: PMC3950215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The liposoluble insecticide rotenone is commonly used as a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor to replicate Parkinson's disease (PD) pathological features. However, there was no assessment of the spatial learning and memory abilities in chronic rotenone-induced PD models. In the present study, by rotarod test and Thioflavine T staining, we first noted the impairment of motor coordination in rotenone-treated group for 3 months, as well as alpha-synuclein inclusions in the nigral dopaminergic neurons in C57BL/6 mice with intragastrical delivery of rotenone (5 mg/Kg) for 3 months rather than 1 month. We then evaluated spatial learning and memory abilities by Morris water maze task in this model. The results showed escape latency reduced in rotenone-intoxicated mice for 3 months, indicating an improvement of learning ability. However, it was delayed slightly but not significantly in rotenone-intoxicated mice for 1 month. Similarly, we demonstrated that spatial memory ability was enhanced in 3-month-treatment group, but impaired in 1-month-treatment group. There were no proliferating cell nuclear antigen and doublecortin positive cells in the hippocampus by double immunofluorescent staining, indicating the absence of hippocampal neurogenesis in rotenone-intoxicated mice. These results suggest that spatial learning and memory abilities are disturbed in chronic rotenone-intoxicated PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengju Jia
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Song
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Irwin RW, Brinton RD. Allopregnanolone as regenerative therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease: Translational development and clinical promise. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 113:40-55. [PMID: 24044981 PMCID: PMC10124616 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we review a translational development plan to advance allopregnanolone to the clinic as a regenerative therapeutic for neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer's. Allopregnanolone, an endogenous neurosteroid that declines with age and neurodegenerative disease, was exogenously administered and assessed for safety and efficacy to promote neuro-regeneration, cognitive function and reduction of Alzheimer's pathology. Allopregnanolone-induced neurogenesis correlated with restoration of learning and memory function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease and was comparably efficacious in aged normal mice. Critical to success was a dosing and treatment regimen that was consistent with the temporal requirements of systems biology of regeneration in brain. A treatment regimen that adhered to regenerative requirements of brain was also efficacious in reducing Alzheimer's pathology. With an optimized dosing and treatment regimen, chronic allopregnanolone administration promoted neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, reduced neuroinflammation and beta-amyloid burden while increasing markers of white matter generation and cholesterol homeostasis. Allopregnanolone meets three of the four drug-like physicochemical properties described by Lipinski's rule that predict the success rate of drugs in development for clinical trials. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic outcomes, securing GMP material, development of clinically translatable formulations and acquiring regulatory approval are discussed. Investigation of allopregnanolone as a regenerative therapeutic has provided key insights into mechanistic targets for neurogenesis and disease modification, dosing requirements, optimal treatment regimen, route of administration and the appropriate formulation necessary to advance to proof of concept clinical studies to determine efficacy of allopregnanolone as a regenerative and disease modifying therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease.
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Shahaduzzaman M, Golden JE, Green S, Gronda AE, Adrien E, Ahmed A, Sanberg PR, Bickford PC, Gemma C, Willing AE. A single administration of human umbilical cord blood T cells produces long-lasting effects in the aging hippocampus. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:2071-2087. [PMID: 23263793 PMCID: PMC3825009 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs throughout life but significantly decreases with age. Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (HUCB MNCs) have been shown to increase the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and the subgranular zone of aging rats (Bachstetter et al., BMC Neurosci 9:22, 2008), but it is unclear which fraction or combination of the HUCB MNCs are responsible for neurogenesis. To address this issue, we examined the ability of HUCB MNCs, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+, CD14+, and CD133+ subpopulations to increase proliferation of NSCs both in vitro and in vivo. NSCs were first grown in conditioned media generated from HUCB cultures, and survival and proliferation of NSC were determined with the fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assays, respectively. In a second study, we injected HUCB cells intravenously in young and aged Fisher 344 rats and examined proliferation in the DG at 1 week (study 2.1) and 2 weeks (study 2.2) postinjection. The effects of the HUCB MNC fractions on dendritic spine density and microglial activation were also assessed. HUCB T cells (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells) induced proliferation of NSCs (p < 0.001) and increased cell survival. In vivo, HUCB-derived CD4+ cells increased NSC proliferation at both 1 and 2 weeks while also enhancing the density of dendritic spines at 1 week and decreasing inflammation at 2 weeks postinjection. Collectively, these data indicate that a single injection of HUCB-derived T cells induces long-lasting effects and may therefore have tremendous potential to improve aging neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahaduzzaman
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Jason E. Golden
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Suzanne Green
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Allisun E. Gronda
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Emanuelle Adrien
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Aysha Ahmed
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Paul R. Sanberg
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Paula C. Bickford
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- Research Service, James A Haley VA Hospital, 13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - Carmelina Gemma
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Alison E. Willing
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
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Traniello IM, Sîrbulescu RF, Ilieş I, Zupanc GKH. Age-related changes in stem cell dynamics, neurogenesis, apoptosis, and gliosis in the adult brain: a novel teleost fish model of negligible senescence. Dev Neurobiol 2013; 74:514-30. [PMID: 24293183 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons in the adult central nervous system, is a reported feature of all examined vertebrate species. However, a dramatic decline in the rates of cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation occurs in mammals, typically starting near the onset of sexual maturation. In the present study, we examined possible age-related changes associated with adult neurogenesis in the brain of brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus), a teleost fish distinguished by its enormous neurogenic potential. Contrary to the well-established alterations in the mammalian brain during aging, in the brain of this teleostean species we could not find evidence for any significant age-related decline in the absolute levels of stem/progenitor cell proliferation, neuronal and glial differentiation, or long-term survival of newly generated cells. Moreover, there was no indication that the amount of glial fibrillary acidic protein or the number of apoptotic cells in the brain was altered significantly over the course of adult life. We hypothesize that this first demonstration of negligible cellular senescence in the vertebrate brain is related to the continued growth of this species and to the lack of reproductive senescence during adulthood. The establishment of the adult brain of this species as a novel model of negligible senescence provides new opportunities for the advancement of our understanding of the biology of aging and the fundamental mechanisms that underlie senescence in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Traniello
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
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Galea LAM, Wainwright SR, Roes MM, Duarte-Guterman P, Chow C, Hamson DK. Sex, hormones and neurogenesis in the hippocampus: hormonal modulation of neurogenesis and potential functional implications. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:1039-61. [PMID: 23822747 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is an area of the brain that undergoes dramatic plasticity in response to experience and hormone exposure. The hippocampus retains the ability to produce new neurones in most mammalian species and is a structure that is targeted in a number of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases, many of which are influenced by both sex and sex hormone exposure. Intriguingly, gonadal and adrenal hormones affect the structure and function of the hippocampus differently in males and females. Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is regulated by both gonadal and adrenal hormones in a sex- and experience-dependent way. Sex differences in the effects of steroid hormones to modulate hippocampal plasticity should not be completely unexpected because the physiology of males and females is different, with the most notable difference being that females gestate and nurse the offspring. Furthermore, reproductive experience (i.e. pregnancy and mothering) results in permanent changes to the maternal brain, including the hippocampus. This review outlines the ability of gonadal and stress hormones to modulate multiple aspects of neurogenesis (cell proliferation and cell survival) in both male and female rodents. The function of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is linked to spatial memory and depression, and the present review provides early evidence of the functional links between the hormonal modulation of neurogenesis that may contribute to the regulation of cognition and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A M Galea
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Demars MP, Hollands C, Zhao KD(T, Lazarov O. Soluble amyloid precursor protein-α rescues age-linked decline in neural progenitor cell proliferation. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:2431-40. [PMID: 23683827 PMCID: PMC3706568 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is thought to play a role in cognitive function and hippocampal plasticity. Previous studies suggest that neurogenesis declines with aging. However, the onset and mechanism of declined neurogenesis are not fully elucidated. Here we show that the major decline in neurogenesis takes place during adulthood, before aging. Decline in neurogenesis takes place in the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus and in the subventricular zone, and is primarily due to a reduced number of fast-proliferating neural progenitor cells. Importantly, this decline can be rescued by intraventricular injection of recombinant soluble amyloid precursor protein (sAPPα), which regulates neural progenitor cell proliferation in the adult brain. The counterpart, sAPPβ, a product of the amyloidogenic cleavage pathway of amyloid precursor protein, fails to exhibit a proliferative effect in vitro and in vivo, in equimolar concentrations to sAPPα. These observations suggest that adulthood is an appropriate time window for an intervention that upregulates neurogenesis, such as enhancement of sAPPα levels, for the prevention of declining brain plasticity and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Demars
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Carolyn Hollands
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Kai Da (Tommy) Zhao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Orly Lazarov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
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Hippocampal neurogenesis levels predict WATERMAZE search strategies in the aging brain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75125. [PMID: 24086453 PMCID: PMC3781090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hippocampus plays a crucial role in the formation of spatial memories, and it is thought that adult hippocampal neurogenesis may participate in this form of learning. To better elucidate the relationship between neurogenesis and spatial learning, we examined both across the entire life span of mice. We found that cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, and neurogenesis significantly decrease with age, and that there is an abrupt reduction in these processes early on, between 1.5-3 months of age. After this, the neurogenic capacity continues to decline steadily. The initial abrupt decline in adult neurogenesis was paralleled by a significant reduction in Morris Water Maze performance, however overall learning and memory remained constant thereafter. Further analysis of the search strategies employed revealed that reductions in neurogenesis in the aging brain were strongly correlated with the adoption of spatially imprecise search strategies. Overall, performance measures of learning and memory in the Morris Water Maze were maintained at relatively constant levels in aging animals due to an increase in the use of spatially imprecise search strategies.
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