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Xiong Y, Pi W, Zhao W, Shi W, Yan W, Yang H, Zhou Y, Li Q, Yang L. Roles of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons as potential neural stem cells in the repair and regeneration of spinal cord injuries. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1426395. [PMID: 38983786 PMCID: PMC11231923 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1426395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) represent a distinct group of interneurons characterized by their prominent apical globular protrusions penetrating the spinal cord's central canal and their basal axons extending towards adjacent cells. Identified nearly a century back, the specific roles and attributes of CSF-cNs have just started to emerge due to the historical lack of definitive markers. Recent findings have confirmed that CSF-cNs expressing PKD2L1 possess attributes of neural stem cells, suggesting a critical function in the regeneration processes following spinal cord injuries. This review aims to elucidate the molecular markers of CSF-cNs as potential neural stem cells during spinal cord development and assess their roles post-spinal cord injury, with an emphasis on their potential therapeutic implications for spinal cord repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Xiong
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenjun Pi
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wang Zhao
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Weiwei Shi
- Department of Medical Examination Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Weihong Yan
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuanrong Zhou
- Department of Health, The Qinglong County People’s Hospital, Qinglong, Guizhou, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Leiluo Yang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Yuan X, Zhao X, Wang W, Li C. Mechanosensing by Piezo1 and its implications in the kidney. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14152. [PMID: 38682304 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Piezo1 is an essential mechanosensitive transduction ion channel in mammals. Its unique structure makes it capable of converting mechanical cues into electrical and biological signals, modulating biological and (patho)physiological processes in a wide variety of cells. There is increasing evidence demonstrating that the piezo1 channel plays a vital role in renal physiology and disease conditions. This review summarizes the current evidence on the structure and properties of Piezo1, gating modulation, and pharmacological characteristics, with special focus on the distribution and (patho)physiological significance of Piezo1 in the kidney, which may provide insights into potential treatment targets for renal diseases involving this ion channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yuan
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoduo Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Fan Q, Hadla M, Peterson Z, Nelson G, Ye H, Wang X, Mardirossian JM, Harris PC, Alper SL, Prakash YS, Beyder A, Torres VE, Chebib FT. Activation of Piezo1 Inhibits Kidney Cystogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.11.593717. [PMID: 38766249 PMCID: PMC11101129 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.11.593717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The disruption of calcium signaling associated with polycystin deficiency has been proposed as the primary event underlying the increased abnormally patterned epithelial cell growth characteristic of Polycystic Kidney Disease. Calcium can be regulated through mechanotransduction, and the mechanosensitive cation channel Piezo1 has been implicated in sensing of intrarenal pressure and in urinary osmoregulation. However, a possible role for PIEZO1 in kidney cystogenesis remains undefined. We hypothesized that cystogenesis in ADPKD reflects altered mechanotransduction, suggesting activation of mechanosensitive cation channels as a therapeutic strategy for ADPKD. Here, we show that Yoda-1 activation of PIEZO1 increases intracellular Ca 2+ and reduces forskolin-induced cAMP levels in mIMCD3 cells. Yoda-1 reduced forskolin-induced IMCD cyst surface area in vitro and in mouse metanephros ex vivo in a dose-dependent manner. Knockout of polycystin-2 dampened the efficacy of PIEZO1 activation in reducing both cAMP levels and cyst surface area in IMCD3 cells. However, collecting duct-specific Piezo1 knockout neither induced cystogenesis in wild-type mice nor affected cystogenesis in the Pkd1 RC/RC model of ADPKD. Our study suggests that polycystin-2 and PIEZO1 play a role in mechanotransduction during cystogenesis in vitro , and ex vivo , but that in vivo cyst expansion may require inactivation or repression of additional suppressors of cystogenesis and/or growth. Our study provides a preliminary proof of concept for PIEZO1 activation as a possible component of combination chemotherapy to retard or halt cystogenesis and/or cyst growth.
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Márquez-Nogueras KM, Kuo IY. Cardiovascular perspectives of the TRP channel polycystin 2. J Physiol 2024; 602:1565-1577. [PMID: 37312633 PMCID: PMC10716366 DOI: 10.1113/jp283835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is predominantly driven by two key ion channel receptors, inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor (InsP3R) in non-excitable cells and ryanodine receptor (RyR) in excitable and muscle-based cells. These calcium transients can be modified by other less-studied ion channels, including polycystin 2 (PC2), a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family. PC2 is found in various cell types and is evolutionarily conserved with paralogues ranging from single-cell organisms to yeasts and mammals. Interest in the mammalian form of PC2 stems from its disease relevance, as mutations in the PKD2 gene, which encodes PC2, result in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). This disease is characterized by renal and liver cysts, and cardiovascular extrarenal manifestations. However, in contrast to the well-defined roles of many TRP channels, the role of PC2 remains unknown, as it has different subcellular locations, and the functional understanding of the channel in each location is still unclear. Recent structural and functional studies have shed light on this channel. Moreover, studies on cardiovascular tissues have demonstrated a diverse role of PC2 in these tissues compared to that in the kidney. We highlight recent advances in understanding the role of this channel in the cardiovascular system and discuss the functional relevance of PC2 in non-renal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M Márquez-Nogueras
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ivana Y Kuo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
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Kim H, Choi MR, Jeon SH, Jang Y, Yang YD. Pathophysiological Roles of Ion Channels in Epidermal Cells, Immune Cells, and Sensory Neurons in Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2756. [PMID: 38474002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by the rapid abnormal growth of skin cells in the epidermis, driven by an overactive immune system. Consequently, a complex interplay among epidermal cells, immune cells, and sensory neurons contributes to the development and progression of psoriasis. In these cellular contexts, various ion channels, such as acetylcholine receptors, TRP channels, Ca2+ release-activated channels, chloride channels, and potassium channels, each serve specific functions to maintain the homeostasis of the skin. The dysregulation of ion channels plays a major role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis, affecting various aspects of epidermal cells, immune responses, and sensory neuron signaling. Impaired function of ion channels can lead to altered calcium signaling, inflammation, proliferation, and sensory signaling, all of which are central features of psoriasis. This overview summarizes the pathophysiological roles of ion channels in epidermal cells, immune cells, and sensory neurons during early and late psoriatic processes, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of ion channel involvement in the interplay of psoriasis and making a crucial advance toward more precise and personalized approaches for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsup Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Choi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Jeon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoo Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Duk Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CHA University, Pocheon 11160, Republic of Korea
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Elliott B, Márquez-Nogueras KM, Thuo P, DiNello E, Knutila RM, Fritzmann GE, Willis M, Chapman AB, Cao Q, Barefield DY, Kuo IY. Cardiac Localized Polycystin-2 plays a Functional Role in Natriuretic Peptide Production and its Absence Contributes to Hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.02.573922. [PMID: 38260706 PMCID: PMC10802350 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.02.573922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications are the most common cause of mortality in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Hypertension is seen in 70% of patients by the age of 30 prior to decline in kidney function. The natriuretic peptides (NPs), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), are released by cardiomyocytes in response to membrane stretch, increasing urinary excretion of sodium and water. Mice heterozygous for Pkd2 have attenuated NP responses and we hypothesized that cardiomyocyte-localized polycystin proteins contribute to production of NPs. Cardiomyocyte-specific knock-out models of polycystin-2 (PC2), one of the causative genes of ADPKD, demonstrate diurnal hypertension. These mice have decreased ANP and BNP expression in the left ventricle. Analysis of the pathways involved in production, maturation, and activity of NPs identified decreased transcription of CgB, PCSK6, and NFAT genes in cPC2-KOs. Engineered heart tissue with human iPSCs driven into cardiomyocytes with CRISPR/Cas9 KO of PKD2 failed to produce ANP. These results suggest that PC2 in cardiomyocytes are involved in NP production and lack of cardiac PC2 predisposes to a hypertensive volume expanded phenotype, which may contribute to the development of hypertension in ADPKD.
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Wang L, Lu Y, Cai G, Chen H, Li G, Liu L, Sun L, Guan Z, Sun W, Zhao C, Wang H. Polycystin-2 mediates mechanical tension-induced osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by activating transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif. Front Physiol 2022; 13:917510. [PMID: 36091380 PMCID: PMC9450996 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.917510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) have multi-directional differentiation potential including osteogenic differentiation. Mechanical stimulation is thought to be a key regulator of bone remodeling and has been proved to promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, the mechanism how mechanical tension-induced osteogenesis of hASCs still remains poor understood. Polycystin-2 (PC2), a member of the transient receptor potential polycystic (TRPP) family, is involved in cilia-mediated mechanical transduction. To understand the role of PC2 in osteogenic differentiation under mechanical stimuli in hASCs, PKD2 gene was stably silenced by using lentivirus-mediated shRNA technology. The results showed that mechanical tension sufficiently enhanced osteogenic differentiation but hardly affected proliferation of hASCs. Silencing PKD2 gene caused hASCs to lose the ability of sensing mechanical stimuli and subsequently promoting osteogenesis. PC2 knock-out also reduced the cilia population frequency and cilia length in hASCs. TAZ (transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, also known as Wwtr1) could mediate the genes regulation and biological functions of mechanotransduction signal pathway. Here, mechanical tension also enhanced TAZ nuclear translocation of hASCs. PC2 knock-out blocked tension-induced upregulation of nuclear TAZ and suppress tension-induced osteogenesis. TAZ could directly interact with Runx2, and inhibiting TAZ could suppress tension-induced upregulation of Runx2 expression. In summary, our findings demonstrated that PC2 mediate mechanical tension-induced osteogenic differentiation of hASCs by activating TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yahui Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanhui Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gen Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luwei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lian Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaolan Guan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Wang, ; Chunyang Zhao,
| | - Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Wang, ; Chunyang Zhao,
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Yang H, Hou C, Xiao W, Qiu Y. The role of mechanosensitive ion channels in the gastrointestinal tract. Front Physiol 2022; 13:904203. [PMID: 36060694 PMCID: PMC9437298 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.904203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensation is essential for normal gastrointestinal (GI) function, and abnormalities in mechanosensation are associated with GI disorders. There are several mechanosensitive ion channels in the GI tract, namely transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, Piezo channels, two-pore domain potassium (K2p) channels, voltage-gated ion channels, large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). These channels are located in many mechanosensitive intestinal cell types, namely enterochromaffin (EC) cells, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and intrinsic and extrinsic enteric neurons. In these cells, mechanosensitive ion channels can alter transmembrane ion currents in response to mechanical forces, through a process known as mechanoelectrical coupling. Furthermore, mechanosensitive ion channels are often associated with a variety of GI tract disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and GI tumors. Mechanosensitive ion channels could therefore provide a new perspective for the treatment of GI diseases. This review aims to highlight recent research advances regarding the function of mechanosensitive ion channels in the GI tract. Moreover, it outlines the potential role of mechanosensitive ion channels in related diseases, while describing the current understanding of interactions between the GI tract and mechanosensitive ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Yang
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaofeng Hou
- Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yuan Qiu,
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Querceto S, Santoro R, Gowran A, Grandinetti B, Pompilio G, Regnier M, Tesi C, Poggesi C, Ferrantini C, Pioner JM. The harder the climb the better the view: The impact of substrate stiffness on cardiomyocyte fate. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 166:36-49. [PMID: 35139328 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The quest for novel methods to mature human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) for cardiac regeneration, modelling and drug testing has emphasized a need to create microenvironments with physiological features. Many studies have reported on how cardiomyocytes sense substrate stiffness and adapt their morphological and functional properties. However, these observations have raised new biological questions and a shared vision to translate it into a tissue or organ context is still elusive. In this review, we will focus on the relevance of substrates mimicking cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM) rigidity for the understanding of the biomechanical crosstalk between the extracellular and intracellular environment. The ability to opportunely modulate these pathways could be a key to regulate in vitro hiPSC-CM maturation. Therefore, both hiPSC-CM models and substrate stiffness appear as intriguing tools for the investigation of cECM-cell interactions. More understanding of these mechanisms may provide novel insights on how cECM affects cardiac cell function in the context of genetic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Querceto
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosaria Santoro
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy; Department of Electronics, Information and Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Aoife Gowran
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy
| | - Bruno Grandinetti
- European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unità di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, via Carlo Parea 4, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chiara Tesi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Division of Physiology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Josè Manuel Pioner
- Department of Biology, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy.
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Role of Ion Channel Remodeling in Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040484. [PMID: 35454073 PMCID: PMC9031742 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a key player in advancing vascular pathology in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a disease essentially characterized by intense remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature, vasoconstriction, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and thrombosis in situ. These vascular features culminate in an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, subsequent right heart failure, and premature death. Over the past years, there has been a great development in our understanding of pulmonary endothelial biology related to the genetic and molecular mechanisms that modulate the endothelial response to direct or indirect injury and how their dysregulation can promote PAH pathogenesis. Ion channels are key regulators of vasoconstriction and proliferative/apoptotic phenotypes; however, they are poorly studied at the endothelial level. The current review will describe and categorize different expression, functions, regulation, and remodeling of endothelial ion channels (K+, Ca2+, Na+, and Cl− channels) in PAH. We will focus on the potential pathogenic role of ion channel deregulation in the onset and progression of endothelial dysfunction during the development of PAH and its potential therapeutic role.
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Katsianou MA, Papavassiliou KA, Gargalionis AN, Agrogiannis G, Korkolopoulou P, Panagopoulos D, Themistocleous MS, Piperi C, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG. Polycystin‐1 regulates cell proliferation and migration through AKT/mTORC2 pathway in a human craniosynostosis cell model. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2428-2437. [PMID: 35285136 PMCID: PMC8995461 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of skull sutures and has a severe pathological impact on childrens’ life. Mechanical forces are capable of triggering biological responses in bone cells and regulate osteoblastogenesis in cranial sutures, leading to premature closure. The mechanosensitive proteins polycystin‐1 (PC1) and polycystin‐2 (PC2) have been documented to play an important role in craniofacial proliferation and development. Herein, we investigated the contribution of PC1 to the pathogenesis of non‐syndromic craniosynostosis and the associated molecular mechanisms. Protein expression of PC1 and PC2 was detected in bone fragments derived from craniosynostosis patients via immunohistochemistry. To explore the modulatory role of PC1 in primary cranial suture cells, we further abrogated the function of PC1 extracellular mechanosensing domain using a specific anti‐PC1 IgPKD1 antibody. Effect of IgPKD1 treatment was evaluated with cell proliferation and migration assays. Activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway components was further detected via Western blot in primary cranial suture cells following IgPKD1 treatment. PC1 and PC2 are expressed in human tissues of craniosynostosis. PC1 functional inhibition resulted in elevated proliferation and migration of primary cranial suture cells. PC1 inhibition also induced activation of AKT, exhibiting elevated phospho (p)‐AKT (Ser473) levels, but not 4EBP1 or p70S6K activation. Our findings indicate that PC1 may act as a mechanosensing molecule in cranial sutures by modulating osteoblastic cell proliferation and migration through the PC1/AKT/mTORC2 cascade with a potential impact on the development of non‐syndromic craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Katsianou
- Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Kostas A. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Antonios N. Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - George Agrogiannis
- First Department of Pathology Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | | | | | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Efthimia K. Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry Medical School National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
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Casarella A, Nicotera R, Zicarelli MT, Urso A, Presta P, Deodato F, Bolignano D, De Sarro G, Andreucci M, Russo E, Coppolino G. Autosomic dominant polycystic kidney disease and metformin: Old knowledge and new insights on retarding progression of chronic kidney disease. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:629-640. [PMID: 34328226 DOI: 10.1002/med.21850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common congenital kidney disorder, generally caused by mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes, coding for polycystins 1 and 2. Its pathogenesis is accompanied by alterations of the cAMP, mTOR, MAPK/ERK, and JAK/STAT pathways. ADPKD is clinically characterized by the formation of many growing cysts with kidney enlargement and a progressive damage to the parenchyma, up to its complete loss of function, and the onset of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The current aim of ADPKD therapy is the inhibition of cyst development and retardation of chronic kidney disease progression. Several drugs have been recently included as potential therapies for ADPKD including metformin, the drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, according to its potential inhibitory effects on cystogenesis. In this review, we summarize preclinical and clinical evidence endorsing or rejecting metformin administration in ADPKD evolution and pathological mechanisms. We explored the biology of APDKD and the role of metformin in slowing down cystogenesis searching PubMed and Clinical Trials to identify relevant data from the database inception to December 2020. From our research analysis, evidence for metformin as emerging cure for ADPKD mainly arise from preclinical studies. In fact, clinical studies are still scanty and stronger evidence is awaited. Its effects are likely mediated by inhibition of the ERK pathway and increase of AMPK levels, which are both linked to ADPKD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramona Nicotera
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria T Zicarelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandra Urso
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierangela Presta
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Deodato
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Davide Bolignano
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Michele Andreucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Department of Health Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Coppolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Unit, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Wang R, Li W, Zhang S, Song Y, Dai H, Tan T, Hu X, Xing Y. The effects of intrinsic apoptosis on cystogenesis in PKD1-deficient ADPKD pig model. Gene 2021; 798:145792. [PMID: 34175399 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis is a form of cell death that plays a critical role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis involving the development and elimination of unwanted cells. Dysregulation of apoptosis appears to be associated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common monogenetic disease and is mainly caused by mutations in PKD1. Previous studies proved that increased cell death occurred in ADPKD patients and animal models. However, the role of apoptosis in kidney cystogenesis is not clear. METHODS In current study, due to the high similarities between human and pig, PKD1-deficient (PKD1+/-) pigs and PKD1-knockdown (PKD1KD) pig kidney epithelial cells were used to investigate the mechanisms of apoptosis in driving cystogenesis. RESULTS In PKD1+/- pigs, increased intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis were found at ages of 1 month and 3 months, whereas the autophagy and pyroptosis were not altered. Meanwhile, the intrinsic apoptosis was activated along with untouched extrinsic apoptosis in PKD1KD pig kidney cells. Thus, the intrinsic apoptosis played important roles in cystogenesis. CONCLUSIONS This work provides detail analysis of the roles of different cell death types during cystogenesis in ADPKD pig model. The results suggested a potential new strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of ADPKD by targeting intrinsic apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runming Wang
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenya Li
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Suhong Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ya Song
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haiting Dai
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tan Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiang Hu
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yiming Xing
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China.
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14
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Katsianou M, Papavassiliou KA, Zoi I, Gargalionis AN, Panagopoulos D, Themistocleous MS, Piperi C, Papavassiliou AG, Basdra EK. Polycystin-1 modulates RUNX2 activation and osteocalcin gene expression via ERK signalling in a human craniosynostosis cell model. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3216-3225. [PMID: 33656806 PMCID: PMC8034462 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis refers to the premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures leading to skull shape deformities and brain growth restriction. Among the many factors that contribute to abnormal suture fusion, mechanical forces seem to play a major role. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanobiology-related mechanisms of craniosynostosis still remain unknown. Understanding how aberrant mechanosensation and mechanotransduction drive premature suture fusion will offer important insights into the pathophysiology of craniosynostosis and result in the development of new therapies, which can be used to intervene at an early stage and prevent premature suture fusion. Herein, we provide evidence for the first time on the role of polycystin-1 (PC1), a key protein in cellular mechanosensitivity, in craniosynostosis, using primary cranial suture cells isolated from patients with trigonocephaly and dolichocephaly, two common types of craniosynostosis. Initially, we showed that PC1 is expressed at the mRNA and protein level in both trigonocephaly and dolichocephaly cranial suture cells. Followingly, by utilizing an antibody against the mechanosensing extracellular N-terminal domain of PC1, we demonstrated that PC1 regulates runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) activation and osteocalcin gene expression via extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signalling in our human craniosynostosis cell model. Altogether, our study reveals a novel mechanotransduction signalling axis, PC1-ERK-RUNX2, which affects osteoblastic differentiation in cranial suture cells from trigonocephaly and dolichocephaly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Katsianou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas A Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilianna Zoi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios N Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Shukoor SS, Vaughan LE, Edwards ME, Lavu S, Kline TL, Senum SR, Mkhaimer Y, Zaatari G, Irazabal MV, Neal R, Hogan MC, Zoghby ZM, Harris PC, Torres VE, Chebib FT. Characteristics of Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease in ADPKD. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 6:755-767. [PMID: 33732990 PMCID: PMC7938061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cystic expansion damaging the parenchyma is thought to lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Here we characterized genotypic and phenotypic attributes of ADPKD at time of ESKD. Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients with ADPKD with ESKD evaluated at Mayo Clinic with available abdominal computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Kidney volumes were measured (total kidney volume adjusted for height [HtTKV]), Mayo Image Class (MIC) calculated, ADPKD genotype determined, and clinical and laboratory features obtained from medical records. Results Differences in HtTKV at ESKD were associated with patient age and sex; older patients and women had smaller HtTKV at ESKD. HtTKV at ESKD was observed to be 12.3% smaller with each decade of age (P < 0.01); but significant only in women (17.8%, P < 0.01; men 6.9%, P = 0.06). Patients with onset of ESKD at <47, 47–61, or >61 years had different characteristics, with a shift from youngest to oldest in male to female enrichment, MIC from 1D/1E to 1B/1C, likely fully penetrant PKD1 mutations from 95% to 42%, and presence of macrovascular disease from 8% to 40%. Macrovascular disease was associated with smaller kidneys in female patients. Conclusion HtTKV at ESKD was smaller with advancing age in patients with ADPKD, particularly in women. These novel findings provide insight into possible underlying mechanisms leading to ESKD, which differ between younger and older individuals. Cystic growth is the predominant mechanism in younger patients with ESKD, whereas aging-related factors, including vascular disease, becomes potentially important as patients age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehbaz S Shukoor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa E Vaughan
- Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marie E Edwards
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sravanthi Lavu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy L Kline
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sarah R Senum
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yaman Mkhaimer
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ghaith Zaatari
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria V Irazabal
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Reem Neal
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marie C Hogan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ziad M Zoghby
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fouad T Chebib
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Abstract
There is a wide differential diagnosis of early onset respiratory distress especially in term babies, and interstitial lung disease (chILD) is a rare but important consideration in this context. chILD manifesting immediately after birth is usually related to mutations in surfactant protein genes, or conditions related to the Congenital Acinar Dysplasia -Alveolar capillary dysplasia - Congenital Alveolar Dysplasia (CAD-ACD) spectrum. There is currently no specific treatment for these conditions, and management is supportive. Prognosis is very poor in most of these babies if onset is early, with relentless respiratory deterioration unless transplanted. Ideally, the diagnosis is made on genetic analysis, but this may be time-consuming and complex in CAD-ACD spectrum, so lung biopsy may be needed to avoid prolonged and futile treatment being instituted. Milder forms with prolonged survival have been reported. Early onset, less severe chILD is usually related to neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI), pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG) and less severe disorders of surfactant proteins. PIG and NEHI are not specific entities, but are pulmonary dysmaturity syndromes, and there may be a number of underlying genetic and other cause. If the child is stable and thriving, many will not be subject to lung biopsy, and slow improvement and weaning of supplemental oxygen can be anticipated. Where possible, a precise genetic diagnosis should be made in early onset cHILD allow for genetic counselling. chILD survivors and their families have complex respiratory and other needs, and co-ordinated, multi-disciplinary support in the community is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bush
- Imperial College, UK; Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
| | | | - Jo Gregory
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Andrew Gordon Nicholson
- Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, UK
| | - Thomas Semple
- Imperial College, UK; Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Rishi Pabary
- Imperial College, UK; Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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17
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Aránguiz P, Romero P, Vásquez F, Flores-Vergara R, Aravena D, Sánchez G, González M, Olmedo I, Pedrozo Z. Polycystin-1 mitigates damage and regulates CTGF expression through AKT activation during cardiac ischemia/reperfusion. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:165986. [PMID: 33065236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
During ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), cardiomyocytes activate pathways that regulate cell survival and death and release factors that modulate fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. The mechanisms underlying these effects are not fully understood. Polycystin-1 (PC1) is a mechanosensor crucial for cardiac function. This work aims to assess the role of PC1 in cardiomyocyte survival, its role in profibrotic factor expression in cardiomyocytes, and its paracrine effects on I/R-induced cardiac fibroblast function. In vivo and ex vivo I/R and simulated in vitro I/R (sI/R) were induced in wild-type and PC1-knockout (PC1 KO) mice and PC1-knockdown (siPC1) neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM), respectively. Neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCF) were stimulated with conditioned medium (CM) derived from NRVM or siPC1-NRVM supernatant after reperfusion and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation evaluated. Infarcts were larger in PC1-KO mice subjected to in vivo and ex vivo I/R, and necrosis rates were higher in siPC1-NRVM than control after sI/R. PC1 activated the pro-survival AKT protein during sI/R and induced PC1-AKT-pathway-dependent CTGF expression. Furthermore, conditioned media from sI/R-NRVM induced PC1-dependent fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation in NRCF. This novel evidence shows that PC1 mitigates cardiac damage during I/R, likely through AKT activation, and regulates CTGF expression in cardiomyocytes via AKT. Moreover, PC1-NRVM regulates fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation during sI/R. PC1, therefore, may emerge as a new key regulator of I/R injury-induced cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aránguiz
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - P Romero
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - F Vásquez
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - R Flores-Vergara
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - D Aravena
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - G Sánchez
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - M González
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - I Olmedo
- Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Z Pedrozo
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y Cáncer (CEMC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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18
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Sussman CR, Wang X, Chebib FT, Torres VE. Modulation of polycystic kidney disease by G-protein coupled receptors and cyclic AMP signaling. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109649. [PMID: 32335259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a systemic disorder associated with polycystic liver disease (PLD) and other extrarenal manifestations, the most common monogenic cause of end-stage kidney disease, and a major burden for public health. Many studies have shown that alterations in G-protein and cAMP signaling play a central role in its pathogenesis. As for many other diseases (35% of all approved drugs target G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) or proteins functioning upstream or downstream from GPCRs), treatments targeting GPCR have shown effectiveness in slowing the rate of progression of ADPKD. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist is the first drug approved by regulatory agencies to treat rapidly progressive ADPKD. Long-acting somatostatin analogs have also been effective in slowing the rates of growth of polycystic kidneys and liver. Although no treatment has so far been able to prevent the development or stop the progression of the disease, these encouraging advances point to G-protein and cAMP signaling as a promising avenue of investigation that may lead to more effective and safe treatments. This will require a better understanding of the relevant GPCRs, G-proteins, cAMP effectors, and of the enzymes and A-kinase anchoring proteins controlling the compartmentalization of cAMP signaling. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of general GPCR signaling; the function of polycystin-1 (PC1) as a putative atypical adhesion GPCR (aGPCR); the roles of PC1, polycystin-2 (PC2) and the PC1-PC2 complex in the regulation of calcium and cAMP signaling; the cross-talk of calcium and cAMP signaling in PKD; and GPCRs, adenylyl cyclases, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, and protein kinase A as therapeutic targets in ADPKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Sussman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Fouad T Chebib
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
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19
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Maser RL, Calvet JP. Adhesion GPCRs as a paradigm for understanding polycystin-1 G protein regulation. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109637. [PMID: 32305667 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polycystin-1, whose mutation is the most frequent cause of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease, is an extremely large and multi-faceted membrane protein whose primary or proximal cyst-preventing function remains undetermined. Accumulating evidence supports the idea that modulation of cellular signaling by heterotrimeric G proteins is a critical function of polycystin-1. The presence of a cis-autocatalyzed, G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) proteolytic cleavage site, or GPS, in its extracellular N-terminal domain immediately preceding the first transmembrane domain is one of the notable conserved features of the polycystin-1-like protein family, and also of the family of cell adhesion GPCRs. Adhesion GPCRs are one of five families within the GPCR superfamily and are distinguished by a large N-terminal extracellular region consisting of multiple adhesion modules with a GPS-containing GAIN domain and bimodal functions in cell adhesion and signal transduction. Recent advances from studies of adhesion GPCRs provide a new paradigm for unraveling the mechanisms by which polycystin-1-associated G protein signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease. This review highlights the structural and functional features shared by polycystin-1 and the adhesion GPCRs and discusses the implications of such similarities for our further understanding of the functions of this complicated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Maser
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA; Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
| | - James P Calvet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA; Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
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20
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Peña-Oyarzun D, Batista-Gonzalez A, Kretschmar C, Burgos P, Lavandero S, Morselli E, Criollo A. New emerging roles of Polycystin-2 in the regulation of autophagy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:165-186. [PMID: 32475472 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystin-2 (PC2) is a calcium channel that can be found in the endoplasmic reticulum, the plasmatic membrane, and the primary cilium. The structure of PC2 is characterized by a highly ordered C-terminal tail with an EF-motif (calcium-binding domain) and a canonical coiled-coil domain (CCD; interaction domain), and its activity is regulated by interacting partners and post-translational modifications. Calcium mobilization into the cytosol by PC2 has been mainly associated with cell growth and differentiation, and therefore mutations or dysfunction of PC2 lead to renal and cardiac consequences. Interestingly, PC2-related pathologies are usually treated with rapamycin, an autophagy stimulator. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process where recycling material is sequestered into autophagosomes and then hydrolyzed by fusion with a lysosome. Interestingly, several studies have provided evidence that PC2 may be required for autophagy, suggesting that PC2 maintains a physiologic catabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Peña-Oyarzun
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana Batista-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Kretschmar
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Burgos
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alfredo Criollo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Odontológicas (ICOD), Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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21
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Papavassiliou KA, Zoi I, Gargalionis AN, Koutsilieris M. Polycystin-1 affects cancer cell behaviour and interacts with mTOR and Jak signalling pathways in cancer cell lines. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:6215-6227. [PMID: 31251475 PMCID: PMC6714176 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD), which is attributable to mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes encoding polycystin‐1 (PC1) and polycystin‐2 (PC2) respectively, shares common cellular defects with cancer, such as uncontrolled cell proliferation, abnormal differentiation and increased apoptosis. Interestingly, PC1 regulates many signalling pathways including Jak/STAT, mTOR, Wnt, AP‐1 and calcineurin‐NFAT which are also used by cancer cells for sending signals that will allow them to acquire and maintain malignant phenotypes. Nevertheless, the molecular relationship between polycystins and cancer is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of PC1 in cancer biology using glioblastoma (GOS3), prostate (PC3), breast (MCF7), lung (A549) and colorectal (HT29) cancer cell lines. Our in vitro results propose that PC1 promotes cell migration in GOS3 cells and suppresses cell migration in A549 cells. In addition, PC1 enhances cell proliferation in GOS3 cells but inhibits it in MCF7, A549 and HT29 cells. We also found that PC1 up‐regulates mTOR signalling and down‐regulates Jak signalling in GOS3 cells, while it up‐regulates mTOR signalling in PC3 and HT29 cells. Together, our study suggests that PC1 modulates cell proliferation and migration and interacts with mTOR and Jak signalling pathways in different cancer cell lines. Understanding the molecular details of how polycystins are associated with cancer may lead to the identification of new players in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas A Papavassiliou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ilianna Zoi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios N Gargalionis
- Department of Biopathology, Aeginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Canales J, Morales D, Blanco C, Rivas J, Díaz N, Angelopoulos I, Cerda O. A TR(i)P to Cell Migration: New Roles of TRP Channels in Mechanotransduction and Cancer. Front Physiol 2019; 10:757. [PMID: 31275168 PMCID: PMC6591513 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a key process in cancer metastasis, allowing malignant cells to spread from the primary tumor to distant organs. At the molecular level, migration is the result of several coordinated events involving mechanical forces and cellular signaling, where the second messenger Ca2+ plays a pivotal role. Therefore, elucidating the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels is key for a complete understanding of the mechanisms controlling cellular migration. In this regard, understanding the function of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, which are fundamental determinants of Ca2+ signaling, is critical to uncovering mechanisms of mechanotransduction during cell migration and, consequently, in pathologies closely linked to it, such as cancer. Here, we review recent studies on the association between TRP channels and migration-related mechanotransduction events, as well as in the involvement of TRP channels in the migration-dependent pathophysiological process of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Canales
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Morales
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Blanco
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Rivas
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Díaz
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ioannis Angelopoulos
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile.,The Wound Repair, Treatment and Health (WoRTH) Initiative, Santiago, Chile
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23
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Potts JW, Mousa SA. Recent advances in management of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2019; 74:1959-1968. [PMID: 29167138 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp160886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Promising developments in the search for effective pharmacotherapies for autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) are reviewed. SUMMARY The formation and development of cysts characteristic of ADPKD result in inexorable renal and extrarenal manifestations that give rise to more rapid disease progression and more widespread complications than are seen with other forms of chronic kidney disease. To date, no agent has gained Food and Drug Administration marketing approval for use in patients with ADPKD, complicating efforts to meet the medical needs of this population. Although definitive ultrasonographic diagnostic strategies are available, molecular screening approaches lack sufficient evidence and patient outcomes data to support broad clinical application. Recently completed and ongoing clinical trials point to a number of encouraging platforms for evidence-based ADPKD management. Tolvaptan therapy significantly improved cyst burden and slowed disease progression among patients with early-stage ADPKD in a large-scale trial, while somatostatin therapies may also be useful in halting disease progression and managing comorbid polycystic liver disease. Stem cell research and nanomedicine might represent novel approaches to gaining comprehensive insights on ADPKD and, ultimately, to targeting the disease's origins, thereby making restoration of kidney function possible. CONCLUSION A number of pharmacotherapy approaches to ADPKD management show promise but are unlikely to be curative, fueling interest among researchers in finding new applications for nanomedicine and stem cell technologies that can slow ADPKD progression and better control complications of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Potts
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY
| | - Shaker A Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY
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24
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Gargalionis AN, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG. Polycystins and Mechanotransduction in Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092182. [PMID: 31052533 PMCID: PMC6539061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the process of mechanotransduction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as genetic diseases, osteoporosis, cardiovascular anomalies, and cancer. Several studies over the past twenty years have demonstrated that polycystins (polycystin-1, PC1; and polycystin-2, PC2) respond to changes of extracellular mechanical cues, and mediate pathogenic mechanotransduction and cyst formation in kidney cells. However, recent reports reveal the emergence of polycystins as key proteins that facilitate the transduction of mechano-induced signals in various clinical entities besides polycystic kidney disease, such as cancer, cardiovascular defects, bone loss, and deformations, as well as inflammatory processes like psoriasis. Herewith, we discuss data from recent studies that establish this role with potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios N Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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25
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Malekshahabi T, Khoshdel Rad N, Serra AL, Moghadasali R. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: Disrupted pathways and potential therapeutic interventions. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12451-12470. [PMID: 30644092 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a monogenic inherited renal cystic disease that occurs in different races worldwide. It is characterized by the development of a multitude of renal cysts, which leads to massive enlargement of the kidney and often to renal failure in adulthood. ADPKD is caused by a mutation in PKD1 or PKD2 genes encoding the proteins polycystin-1 and polycystin-2, respectively. Recent studies showed that cyst formation and growth result from deregulation of multiple cellular pathways like proliferation, apoptosis, metabolic processes, cell polarity, and immune defense. In ADPKD, intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) promotes cyst enlargement by stimulating cell proliferation and transepithelial fluid secretion. Several interventions affecting many of these defective signaling pathways have been effective in animal models and some are currently being tested in clinical trials. Moreover, the stem cell therapy can improve nephropathies and according to studies were done in this field, can be considered as a hopeful therapeutic approach in future for PKD. This study provides an in-depth review of the relevant molecular pathways associated with the pathogenesis of ADPKD and their implications in development of potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talieh Malekshahabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khoshdel Rad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andreas L Serra
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Klinik Hirslanden, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Polycystins in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010104. [PMID: 30597875 PMCID: PMC6337659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) biomechanics emerge as a distinct feature during the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Polycystins are core mechanosensitive protein molecules that mediate mechanotransduction in a variety of epithelial cells. Polycystin-1 (PC1) and polycystin-2 (PC2) are engaged in signal transduction mechanisms and during alterations in calcium influx, which regulate cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, orientation, and migration in cancer cells. Recent findings implicate polycystins in the deregulation of such functions and the formation of CRC invasive phenotypes. Polycystins participate in all aspects of the cell's biomechanical network, from the perception of extracellular mechanical cues to focal adhesion protein and nuclear transcriptional complexes. Therefore, polycystins could be employed as novel biomarkers and putative targets of selective treatment in CRC.
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27
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Lambert M, Capuano V, Olschewski A, Sabourin J, Nagaraj C, Girerd B, Weatherald J, Humbert M, Antigny F. Ion Channels in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Therapeutic Interest? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103162. [PMID: 30322215 PMCID: PMC6214085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multifactorial and severe disease without curative therapies. PAH pathobiology involves altered pulmonary arterial tone, endothelial dysfunction, distal pulmonary vessel remodeling, and inflammation, which could all depend on ion channel activities (K⁺, Ca2+, Na⁺ and Cl-). This review focuses on ion channels in the pulmonary vasculature and discusses their pathophysiological contribution to PAH as well as their therapeutic potential in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Lambert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris⁻Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France.
| | - Véronique Capuano
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris⁻Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France.
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, Graz 8010, Austria.
- Department of Physiology, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Jessica Sabourin
- Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, UMRS 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris⁻Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France.
| | - Jason Weatherald
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris⁻Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France.
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T1Y 6J4, Canada.
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T1Y 6J4, Canada.
| | - Marc Humbert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris⁻Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France.
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris⁻Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France.
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28
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Gargalionis AN, Malakou LS, Adamopoulos C, Piperi C, Theohari I, Nokhbehsaim M, Deschner J, Kokkalis G, Korkolopoulou P, Papadavid E, Papavassiliou AG, Basdra EK. Polycystin-1 downregulation induces ERK-dependent mTOR pathway activation in a cellular model of psoriasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:3468-3476. [PMID: 30077613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Psoriatic plaques tend to localize to the knees and elbows, areas that are particularly subject to mechanical stress resulting from bending and friction. Moreover, plaques often develop at sites of mechanical trauma or injury (Koebner phenomenon). Nevertheless, mechanotransduction has never been linked to psoriasis. Polycystins (polycystin-1, PC1; polycystin-2, PC2) are mechanosensitive molecules that function as key regulators of cellular mechanosensitivity and mechanotransduction. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the role of polycystins in the development of psoriasis. We showed that PC1 knockdown in HaCaT cells led to an elevated mRNA expression of psoriasis-related biomarkers Ki-67, IL-6, TNF-α, VEGF and Bcl-2, while PC1 functional inhibition was accompanied by increased cell proliferation and migration of HaCaT cells. In addition, PC1 knockdown via siRNA in HaCaT cells was followed by activation of critical molecules of the mTOR and MAPK pathways and this mTOR pathway activation was ERK-dependent. Furthermore, loss of PC1 protein expression and elevated levels of activated mTOR substrates were also observed in human samples of psoriatic plaques. Overall, our study suggests that the PC1/ERK/mTOR signaling axis represents a novel potential mechanism in psoriasis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios N Gargalionis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lina S Malakou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Theohari
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Laikon' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, Center of Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Georgios Kokkalis
- Second Department of Dermatology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, '?ttikon' General University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Laikon' General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Papadavid
- Second Department of Dermatology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, '?ttikon' General University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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29
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Katsianou MA, Skondra FG, Gargalionis AN, Piperi C, Basdra EK. The role of transient receptor potential polycystin channels in bone diseases. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:246. [PMID: 30069448 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.04.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are cation channels which act as molecular sensors that enable cells to detect and respond to a plethora of mechanical and environmental cues. TRPs are involved in various physiological processes, such as mechanosensation, non-inception and thermosensation, while mutations in genes encoding them can lead to pathological conditions, called "channelopathies". The subfamily of transient receptor potential polycystins (TRPPs), Polycystin 1 (PC1, TRPP1) and Polycystin 2 (PC2, TRPP2), act as mechanoreceptors, sensing external mechanical forces, including strain, stretch and fluid shear stress, triggering a cascade of signaling pathways involved in osteoblastogenesis and ultimately bone formation. Both in vitro studies and research on animal models have already identified their implications in bone homeostasis. However, uncertainty veiling the role of polycystins (PCs) in bone disease urges studies to elucidate further their role in this field. Mutations in TRPPs have been related to autosomal polycystic kidney disease (ADKPD) and research groups try to identify their role beyond their well-established contribution in kidney disease. Such an elucidation would be beneficial for identifying signaling pathways where polycystins are involved in bone diseases related to exertion of mechanical forces such as osteoporosis, osteopenia and craniosynostosis. A better understanding of the implications of TRPPs in bone diseases would possibly lay the cornerstone for effective therapeutic schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Katsianou
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Foteini G Skondra
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios N Gargalionis
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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30
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Spatiotemporal relationships defining the adaptive gating of the bacterial mechanosensitive channel MscS. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2018; 47:663-677. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-018-1303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Tomilin V, Reif GA, Zaika O, Wallace DP, Pochynyuk O. Deficient transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 function contributes to compromised [Ca 2+] i homeostasis in human autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:4612-4623. [PMID: 29553832 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701535rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a devastating disorder that is characterized by a progressive decline in renal function as a result of the development of fluid-filled cysts. Defective flow-mediated [Ca2+]i responses and disrupted [Ca2+]i homeostasis have been repeatedly associated with cyst progression in ADPKD. We have previously demonstrated that the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channel is imperative for flow-mediated [Ca2+]i responses in murine distal renal tubule cells. To determine whether compromised TRPV4 function contributes to aberrant Ca2+ regulation in ADPKD, we assessed TRPV4 function in primary cells that were cultured from ADPKD and normal human kidneys (NHKs). Single-channel TRPV4 activity and TRPV4-dependent Ca2+ influxes were drastically reduced in ADPKD cells, which correlated with distorted [Ca2+]i signaling. Whereas total TRPV4 protein levels were comparable in NHK and ADPKD cells, we detected a marked decrease in TRPV4 glycosylation in ADPKD cells. Tunicamycin-induced deglycosylation inhibited TRPV4 activity and compromised [Ca2+]i signaling in NHK cells. Overall, we demonstrate that TRPV4 glycosylation and channel activity are diminished in human ADPKD cells compared with NHK cells, and that this contributes significantly to the distorted [Ca2+]i dynamics. We propose that TRPV4 stimulation may be beneficial for restoring [Ca2+]i homeostasis in cyst cells, thereby interfering with ADPKD progression.-Tomilin, V., Reif, G. A., Zaika, O., Wallace, D. P., Pochynyuk, O. Deficient transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 function contributes to compromised [Ca2+]i homeostasis in human autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Tomilin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; and
| | - Gail A Reif
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Oleg Zaika
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; and
| | - Darren P Wallace
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Oleh Pochynyuk
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; and
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32
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Karamesinis K, Basdra EK. The biological basis of treating jaw discrepancies: An interplay of mechanical forces and skeletal configuration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:1675-1683. [PMID: 29454076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Jaw discrepancies and malrelations affect a large proportion of the general population and their treatment is of utmost significance for individuals' health and quality of life. The aim of their therapy is the modification of aberrant jaw development mainly by targeting the growth potential of the mandibular condyle through its cartilage, and the architectural shape of alveolar bone through a suture type of structure, the periodontal ligament. This targeted treatment is achieved via external mechanical force application by using a wide variety of intraoral and extraoral appliances. Condylar cartilage and sutures exhibit a remarkable plasticity due to the mechano-responsiveness of the chondrocytes and the multipotent mesenchymal cells of the sutures. The tissues respond biologically and adapt to mechanical force application by a variety of signaling pathways and a final interplay between the proliferative activity and the differentiation status of the cells involved. These targeted therapeutic functional alterations within temporo-mandibular joint ultimately result in the enhancement or restriction of mandibular growth, while within the periodontal ligament lead to bone remodeling and change of its architectural structure. Depending on the form of the malrelation presented, the above treatment approaches, in conjunction or separately, lead to the total correction of jaw discrepancies and the achievement of facial harmony and function. Overall, the treatment of craniofacial and jaw anomalies can be seen as an interplay of mechanical forces and adaptations occurring within temporo-mandibular joint and alveolar bone. The aim of the present review is to present up-to-date knowledge on the mechano-biology behind jaw growth modification and alveolar bone remodeling. Furthermore, future molecular targeted therapeutic strategies are discussed aiming at the improvement of mechanically-driven chondrogenesis and osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Karamesinis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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Córdova-Casanova A, Olmedo I, Riquelme J, Barrientos G, Sánchez G, Gillette T, Lavandero S, Chiong M, Donoso P, Pedrozo Z. Mechanical stretch increases L-type calcium channel stability in cardiomyocytes through a polycystin-1/AKT-dependent mechanism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:289-296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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34
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Ambrus L, Kelemen B, Szabó T, Bíró T, Tóth BI. Human podocytes express functional thermosensitive TRPV channels. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4493-4507. [PMID: 28945920 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Heat-sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels are expressed in various epithelial tissues regulating, among else, barrier functions. Their expression is well established in the distal nephron; however, we have no data about their presence in podocytes. As podocytes are indispensable in the formation of the glomerular filtration barrier, we investigated the presence and function of Ca2+ -permeable TRPV1-4 channels in human podocyte cultures. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Expression of TRPV1-4 channels was investigated at protein (immunocytochemistry, Western blot) and mRNA (Q-PCR) level in a conditionally immortalized human podocyte cell line. Channel function was assessed by measuring intracellular Ca2+ concentration using Flou-4 Ca2+ -indicator dye and patch clamp electrophysiology upon applying various activators and inhibitors. KEY RESULTS Thermosensitive TRP channels were expressed in podocytes. The TRPV1-specific agonists capsaicin and resiniferatoxin did not affect the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Cannabidiol, an activator of TRPV2 and TRPV4 channels, induced moderate Ca2+ -influxes, inhibited by both tranilast and HC067047, blockers of TRPV2 and TRPV4 channels respectively. The TRPV4-specific agonists GSK1016790A and 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate induced robust Ca2+ -signals which were abolished by HC067047. Non-specific agonists of TRPV3 channels induced marked Ca2+ transients. However, TRPV3 channel blockers, ruthenium red and isopentenyl diphosphate only partly inhibited the responses and TRPV3 silencing was ineffective suggesting remarkable off-target effects of the compounds. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results indicate the functional presence of TRPV4 and other thermosensitive TRPV channels in human podocytes and raise the possibility of their involvement in the regulation of glomerular filtration barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Ambrus
- DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kelemen
- DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szabó
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bíró
- DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Booij TH, Bange H, Leonhard WN, Yan K, Fokkelman M, Kunnen SJ, Dauwerse JG, Qin Y, van de Water B, van Westen GJP, Peters DJM, Price LS. High-Throughput Phenotypic Screening of Kinase Inhibitors to Identify Drug Targets for Polycystic Kidney Disease. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017. [PMID: 28644734 PMCID: PMC5574491 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217716056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a prevalent disorder characterized by renal cysts that lead to kidney failure. Various signaling pathways have been targeted to stop disease progression, but most interventions still focus on alleviating PKD-associated symptoms. The mechanistic complexity of the disease, as well as the lack of functional in vitro assays for compound testing, has made drug discovery for PKD challenging. To identify modulators of PKD, Pkd1–/– kidney tubule epithelial cells were applied to a scalable and automated 3D cyst culture model for compound screening, followed by phenotypic profiling to determine compound efficacy. We used this screening platform to screen a library of 273 kinase inhibitors to probe various signaling pathways involved in cyst growth. We show that inhibition of several targets, including aurora kinase, CDK, Chk, IGF-1R, Syk, and mTOR, but, surprisingly, not PI3K, prevented forskolin-induced cyst swelling. Additionally, we show that multiparametric phenotypic classification discriminated potentially undesirable (i.e., cytotoxic) compounds from molecules inducing the desired phenotypic change, greatly facilitating hit selection and validation. Our findings show that a pathophysiologically relevant 3D cyst culture model of PKD coupled to phenotypic profiling can be used to identify potentially therapeutic compounds and predict and validate molecular targets for PKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijmen H Booij
- 1 Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hester Bange
- 1 Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wouter N Leonhard
- 2 Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Kuan Yan
- 3 OcellO B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Michiel Fokkelman
- 1 Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Steven J Kunnen
- 2 Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Yu Qin
- 1 Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- 1 Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gerard J P van Westen
- 4 Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Leo S Price
- 1 Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, Netherlands.,3 OcellO B.V., Leiden, Netherlands
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Evidence that polycystins are involved in Hydra cnidocyte discharge. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 17:1. [PMID: 28078622 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-016-0194-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Like other cnidarians, the freshwater organism Hydra is characterized by the possession of cnidocytes (stinging cells). Most cnidocytes are located on hydra tentacles, where they are organized along with sensory cells and ganglion cells into battery complexes. The function of the battery complexes is to integrate multiple types of stimuli for the regulation of cnidocyte discharge. The molecular mechanisms controlling the discharge of cnidocytes are not yet fully understood, but it is known that discharge depends on extracellular Ca2+ and that mechanically induced cnidocyte discharge can be enhanced by the presence of prey extracts and other chemicals. Experiments in this paper show that a PKD2 (polycystin 2) transient receptor potential (TRP) channel is expressed in hydra tentacles and bases. PKD2 (TRPP) channels belong to the TRP channel superfamily and are non-selective Ca2+ channels involved in the transduction of both mechanical and chemical stimuli in other organisms. Non-specific PKD2 channel inhibitors Neo (neomycin) and Gd3+ (gadolinium) inhibit both prey capture and cnidocyte discharge in hydra. The PKD2 activator Trip (triptolide) enhances cnidocyte discharge in both starved and satiated hydra and reduces the inhibition of cnidocyte discharge caused by Neo. PKD1 and 2 proteins are known to act together to transduce mechanical and chemical stimuli; in situ hybridization experiments show that a PKD1 gene is expressed in hydra tentacles and bases, suggesting that polycystins play a direct or indirect role in cnidocyte discharge.
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Cordido A, Besada-Cerecedo L, García-González MA. The Genetic and Cellular Basis of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease-A Primer for Clinicians. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:279. [PMID: 29326913 PMCID: PMC5741702 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is one of the most common genetic disorders worldwide. In recent decades, the field has undergone a revolution, starting with the identification of causal ADPKD genes, including PKD1, PKD2, and the recently identified GANAB. In addition, advances defining the genetic mechanisms, protein localization and function, and the identification of numerous pathways involved in the disease process, have contributed to a better understanding of this illness. Together, this has led to a better prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment in clinical practice. In this mini review, we summarize and discuss new insights about the molecular mechanisms underlying ADPKD, including its genetics, protein function, and cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Cordido
- Grupo de Genética y Biología del Desarrollo de las Enfermedades Renales, Laboratorio de Nefrología (n.° 11), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lara Besada-Cerecedo
- Grupo de Genética y Biología del Desarrollo de las Enfermedades Renales, Laboratorio de Nefrología (n.° 11), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel A García-González
- Grupo de Genética y Biología del Desarrollo de las Enfermedades Renales, Laboratorio de Nefrología (n.° 11), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Karamesinis K, Spyropoulou A, Dalagiorgou G, Katsianou MA, Nokhbehsaim M, Memmert S, Deschner J, Vastardis H, Piperi C. Continuous hydrostatic pressure induces differentiation phenomena in chondrocytes mediated by changes in polycystins, SOX9, and RUNX2. J Orofac Orthop 2016; 78:21-31. [PMID: 27909759 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-016-0061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to investigate the long-term effects of hydrostatic pressure on chondrocyte differentiation, as indicated by protein levels of transcription factors SOX9 and RUNX2, on transcriptional activity of SOX9, as determined by pSOX9 levels, and on the expression of polycystin-encoding genes Pkd1 and Pkd2. MATERIALS AND METHODS ATDC5 cells were cultured in insulin-supplemented differentiation medium (ITS) and/or exposed to 14.7 kPa of hydrostatic pressure for 12, 24, 48, and 96 h. Cell extracts were assessed for SOX9, pSOX9, and RUNX2 using western immunoblotting. The Pkd1 and Pkd2 mRNA levels were detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS Hydrostatic pressure resulted in an early drop in SOX9 and pSOX9 protein levels at 12 h followed by an increase from 24 h onwards. A reverse pattern was followed by RUNX2, which reached peak levels at 24 h of hydrostatic pressure-treated chondrocytes in ITS culture. Pkd1 and Pkd2 mRNA levels increased at 24 h of combined hydrostatic pressure and ITS treatment, with the latter remaining elevated up to 96 h. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that long periods of continuous hydrostatic pressure stimulate chondrocyte differentiation through a series of molecular events involving SOX9, RUNX2, and polycystins-1, 2, providing a theoretical background for functional orthopedic mechanotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Karamesinis
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.,Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Spyropoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Dalagiorgou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria A Katsianou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Svenja Memmert
- Department of Orthodontics Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - James Deschner
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstrasse 17, 53111, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heleni Vastardis
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Asias Street, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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Dehlink E, Hogg C, Carr SB, Bush A. Clinical phenotype and current diagnostic criteria for primary ciliary dyskinesia. Expert Rev Respir Med 2016; 10:1163-1175. [DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2016.1242414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Polycystins and intercellular mechanotransduction: A precise dosage of polycystin 2 is necessary for alpha-actinin reinforcement of junctions upon mechanical stimulation. Exp Cell Res 2016; 348:23-35. [PMID: 27575580 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystins 1 and 2, which are mutated in Autosomal Polycystic Kidney Disease, are involved in mechanotransduction through various mechanisms. In renal cells, polycystins not only have an important mechanotransductive role in primary cilia but are also present in intercellular contacts but their role there remains unclear. Here, we address the hypothesis that polycystins are involved in mechanotransduction via intercellular junctions, which would be expected to have consequences on tissue organization. We focused on the role of polycystin 2, which could be involved in mechanical organization at junctions either by its channel activity or by the direct recruitment of cytoskeleton components such as the F-actin cross-linker α-actinin. After mechanical stimulation of intercellular junctions in MDCK renal epithelial cells, α-actinin is rapidly recruited but this is inhibited upon overexpression of PC2 or the D509V mutant that lacks channel activity, and is also decreased upon PC2 silencing. This suggests that a precise dosage of PC2 is necessary for an adequate mechanosensitive α-actinin recruitment at junctions. At the multicellular level, a change in PC2 expression was associated with changes in velocity in confluent epithelia and during wound healing together with a loss of orientation. This study suggests that the mechanosensitive regulation of cytoskeleton by polycystins in intercellular contacts may be important in the context of ADPKD.
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41
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Ohata S, Alvarez-Buylla A. Planar Organization of Multiciliated Ependymal (E1) Cells in the Brain Ventricular Epithelium. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:543-551. [PMID: 27311928 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) continuously flows through the cerebral ventricles, a process essential for brain homeostasis. Multiciliated ependymal (E1) cells line the walls of the ventricles and contribute importantly to CSF flow through ciliary beating. Key to this function is the rotational and translational planar cell polarity (PCP) of E1 cells. Defects in the PCP of E1 cells can result in abnormal CSF accumulation and hydrocephalus. Here, we integrate recent data on the roles of early CSF flow in the embryonic ventricles, PCP regulators (e.g., Vangl2 and Dishevelled), and cytoskeletal networks in the establishment, refinement, and maintenance of E1 cells' PCP. The planar organization mechanisms of E1 cells could explain how CSF flow contributes to brain function and may help in the diagnosis and prevention of hydrocephalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ohata
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Arturo Alvarez-Buylla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, and Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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42
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Hong Z, De Meulemeester L, Jacobi A, Pedersen JS, Morth JP, Andreasen PA, Jensen JK. Crystal Structure of a Two-domain Fragment of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator Inhibitor-1: FUNCTIONAL INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE KUNITZ-TYPE INHIBITOR DOMAIN-1 AND THE NEIGHBORING POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE-LIKE DOMAIN. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14340-14355. [PMID: 27189939 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.707240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1 (HAI-1) is a type I transmembrane protein and inhibitor of several serine proteases, including hepatocyte growth factor activator and matriptase. The protein is essential for development as knock-out mice die in utero due to placental defects caused by misregulated extracellular proteolysis. HAI-1 contains two Kunitz-type inhibitor domains (Kunitz), which are generally thought of as a functionally self-contained protease inhibitor unit. This is not the case for HAI-1, where our results reveal how interdomain interactions have evolved to stimulate the inhibitory activity of an integrated Kunitz. Here we present an x-ray crystal structure of an HAI-1 fragment covering the internal domain and Kunitz-1. The structure reveals not only that the previously uncharacterized internal domain is a member of the polycystic kidney disease domain family but also how the two domains engage in interdomain interactions. Supported by solution small angle x-ray scattering and a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and functional assays, we show that interdomain interactions not only stabilize the fold of the internal domain but also stimulate the inhibitory activity of Kunitz-1. By completing our structural characterization of the previously unknown N-terminal region of HAI-1, we provide new insight into the interplay between tertiary structure and the inhibitory activity of a multidomain protease inhibitor. We propose a previously unseen mechanism by which the association of an auxiliary domain stimulates the inhibitory activity of a Kunitz-type inhibitor (i.e. the first structure of an intramolecular interaction between a Kunitz and another domain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Hong
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Laura De Meulemeester
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Jacobi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan Skov Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry and iNANO Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - J Preben Morth
- Norwegian Center of Molecular Medicine (NCMM), University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter A Andreasen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jan K Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Danish-Chinese Centre for Proteases and Cancer, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark,.
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Katsianou MA, Adamopoulos C, Vastardis H, Basdra EK. Signaling mechanisms implicated in cranial sutures pathophysiology: Craniosynostosis. BBA CLINICAL 2016; 6:165-176. [PMID: 27957430 PMCID: PMC5144105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbacli.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Normal extension and skull expansion is a synchronized process that prevails along the osteogenic intersections of the cranial sutures. Cranial sutures operate as bone growth sites allowing swift bone generation at the edges of the bone fronts while they remain patent. Premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures can trigger craniosynostosis, a birth defect characterized by dramatic manifestations in appearance and functional impairment. Up until today, surgical correction is the only restorative measure for craniosynostosis associated with considerable mortality. Clinical studies have identified several genes implicated in the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis syndromes with useful insights into the underlying molecular signaling events that determine suture fate. In this review, we exploit the intracellular signal transduction pathways implicated in suture pathobiology, in an attempt to identify key signaling molecules for therapeutic targeting. Cranial sutures operate as bone growth sites. Premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures can trigger craniosynostosis. Several genes are involved in the pathogenesis of craniosynostosis syndromes. An array of molecular signaling events determine suture fate. Herein, the signal transduction pathways implicated in suture pathobiology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Katsianou
- Department of Biological Chemistry - Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Adamopoulos
- Department of Biological Chemistry - Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Heleni Vastardis
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Efthimia K Basdra
- Department of Biological Chemistry - Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Unit, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Pkd Proteins Team Up to Tell Cilia Which Way to Go. J Neurosci 2016; 36:643-5. [PMID: 26791196 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3684-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Cho GW, Altamirano F, Hill JA. Chronic heart failure: Ca(2+), catabolism, and catastrophic cell death. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:763-777. [PMID: 26775029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Robust successes have been achieved in recent years in conquering the acutely lethal manifestations of heart disease. Many patients who previously would have died now survive to enjoy happy and productive lives. Nevertheless, the devastating impact of heart disease continues unabated, as the spectrum of disease has evolved with new manifestations. In light of this ever-evolving challenge, insights that culminate in novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Here, we review fundamental mechanisms of heart failure, both with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. We discuss pathways that regulate cardiomyocyte remodeling and turnover, focusing on Ca(2+) signaling, autophagy, and apoptosis. In particular, we highlight recent insights pointing to novel connections among these events. We also explore mechanisms whereby potential therapeutic approaches targeting these processes may improve morbidity and mortality in the devastating syndrome of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Abstract
Mechanotransduction, the conversion of physical forces into biochemical signals, is essential for various physiological processes such as the conscious sensations of touch and hearing, and the unconscious sensation of blood flow. Mechanically activated (MA) ion channels have been proposed as sensors of physical force, but the identity of these channels and an understanding of how mechanical force is transduced has remained elusive. A number of recent studies on previously known ion channels along with the identification of novel MA ion channels have greatly transformed our understanding of touch and hearing in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Here, we present an updated review of eukaryotic ion channel families that have been implicated in mechanotransduction processes and evaluate the qualifications of the candidate genes according to specified criteria. We then discuss the proposed gating models for MA ion channels and highlight recent structural studies of mechanosensitive potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev S Ranade
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ruhma Syeda
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ardem Patapoutian
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Piperi C, Basdra EK. Polycystins and mechanotransduction: From physiology to disease. World J Exp Med 2015; 5:200-205. [PMID: 26618106 PMCID: PMC4655249 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v5.i4.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystins are key mechanosensor proteins able to respond to mechanical forces of external or internal origin. They are widely expressed in primary cilium and plasma membrane of several cell types including kidney, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, osteoblasts and cardiac myocytes modulating their physiology. Interaction of polycystins with diverse ion channels, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix junctional proteins implicates them in the regulation of cell structure, mechanical force transmission and mechanotransduction. Their intracellular localization in endoplasmic reticulum further regulates subcellular trafficking and calcium homeostasis, finely-tuning overall cellular mechanosensitivity. Aberrant expression or genetic alterations of polycystins lead to severe structural and mechanosensing abnormalities including cyst formation, deregulated flow sensing, aneurysms, defective bone development and cancer progression, highlighting their vital role in human physiology.
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48
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The Adhesion GPCR Latrophilin/CIRL Shapes Mechanosensation. Cell Rep 2015; 11:866-874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Mamenko M, Zaika O, Boukelmoune N, O'Neil RG, Pochynyuk O. Deciphering physiological role of the mechanosensitive TRPV4 channel in the distal nephron. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 308:F275-86. [PMID: 25503733 PMCID: PMC4329491 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00485.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-standing experimental evidence suggests that epithelial cells in the renal tubule are able to sense osmotic and pressure gradients caused by alterations in ultrafiltrate flow by elevating intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. These responses are viewed as critical regulators of a variety of processes ranging from transport of water and solutes to cellular growth and differentiation. A loss in the ability to sense mechanical stimuli has been implicated in numerous pathologies associated with systemic imbalance of electrolytes and to the development of polycystic kidney disease. The molecular mechanisms conferring mechanosensitive properties to epithelial tubular cells involve activation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, such as TRPV4, allowing direct Ca(2+) influx to increase intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. In this review, we critically analyze the current evidence about signaling determinants of TRPV4 activation by luminal flow in the distal nephron and discuss how dysfunction of this mechanism contributes to the progression of polycystic kidney disease. We also review the physiological relevance of TRPV4-based mechanosensitivity in controlling flow-dependent K(+) secretion in the distal renal tubule.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mamenko
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - O Zaika
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - N Boukelmoune
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - R G O'Neil
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - O Pochynyuk
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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Gargalionis AN, Korkolopoulou P, Farmaki E, Piperi C, Dalagiorgou G, Adamopoulos C, Levidou G, Saetta A, Fragkou P, Tsioli P, Kiaris H, Zizi-Serbetzoglou A, Karavokyros I, Papavassiliou KA, Tsavaris N, Patsouris E, Basdra EK, Papavassiliou AG. Polycystin-1 and polycystin-2 are involved in the acquisition of aggressive phenotypes in colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:1515-27. [PMID: 25123959 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The polycystins PC1 and PC2 are emerging as major players in mechanotransduction, a process that influences all steps of the invasion/metastasis cascade. We hypothesized that PC1 and PC2 facilitate cancer aggressiveness. Immunoblotting, RT-PCR, semi-quantitative and quantitative real-time PCR and FACS analyses were employed to investigate the effect of polycystin overexpression in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. The impact of PC1 inhibition on cancer-cell proliferation was evaluated through an MTT assay. In vitro data were analyzed by Student's t-test. HT29 human xenografts were treated with anti-PC1 (extracellular domain) inhibitory antibody and analyzed via immunohistochemistry to determine the in vivo role of PC1 in CRC. Clinical significance was assessed by examining PC1 and PC2 protein expression in CRC patients (immunohistochemistry). In vivo and clinical data were analyzed by non-parametric tests, Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank test and Cox model. All statistical tests were two-sided. PC1 overexpression promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCT116 cells, while PC2 overexpression results in upregulation of the mTOR pathway in SW480 cells. PC1 inhibition causes reduced cell proliferation in CRC cells inducing tumor necrosis and suppressing EMT in HT29 tumor xenografts. In clinical study, PC1 and PC2 overexpression associates with adverse pathological parameters, including invasiveness and mucinous carcinomas. Moreover, PC1 overexpression appears as an independent prognostic factor of reduced recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.016, p = 0.03) and lowers overall survival probability, while aberrant PC2 expression predicts poor overall survival (p = 0.0468). These results support, for the first time, a direct link between mechanosensing polycystins (PC1 and PC2) and CRC progression.
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