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Lopez R, Janicek R, Fernandez-Tenorio M, Courtehoux M, Matas L, Gerbaud P, Gomez AM, Egger M, Niggli E. Uptake-leak balance of SR Ca2+ determines arrhythmogenic potential of RyR2R420Q+/− cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 170:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Qin J, Zhang J, Lin L, Haji-Ghassemi O, Lin Z, Woycechowsky KJ, Van Petegem F, Zhang Y, Yuchi Z. Structures of PKA-phospholamban complexes reveal a mechanism of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. eLife 2022; 11:75346. [PMID: 35297759 PMCID: PMC8970585 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several mutations identified in phospholamban (PLN) have been linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure, yet the underlying molecular mechanism remains controversial. PLN interacts with sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and regulates calcium uptake, which is modulated by the protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation of PLN during the fight-or-flight response. Here, we present the crystal structures of the catalytic domain of mouse PKA in complex with wild-type and DCM-mutant PLNs. Our structures, combined with the results from other biophysical and biochemical assays, reveal a common disease mechanism: the mutations in PLN reduce its phosphorylation level by changing its conformation and weakening its interactions with PKA. In addition, we demonstrate that another more ubiquitous SERCA-regulatory peptide, called another-regulin (ALN), shares a similar mechanism mediated by PKA in regulating SERCA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Lianyun Lin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Omid Haji-Ghassemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Life Sciences Centre, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Zhi Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Kenneth J Woycechowsky
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Filip Van Petegem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Life Sciences Centre, University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for CancerTianjinChina
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3
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Cely-Ortiz A, Felice JI, Díaz-Zegarra LA, Valverde CA, Federico M, Palomeque J, Wehrens XHT, Kranias EG, Aiello EA, Lascano EC, Negroni JA, Mattiazzi A. Determinants of Ca2+ release restitution: Insights from genetically altered animals and mathematical modeling. J Gen Physiol 2021; 152:152125. [PMID: 32986800 PMCID: PMC7594441 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Each heartbeat is followed by a refractory period. Recovery from refractoriness is known as Ca2+ release restitution (CRR), and its alterations are potential triggers of Ca2+ arrhythmias. Although the control of CRR has been associated with SR Ca2+ load and RYR2 Ca2+ sensitivity, the relative role of some of the determinants of CRR remains largely undefined. An intriguing point, difficult to dissect and previously neglected, is the possible independent effect of SR Ca2+ content versus the velocity of SR Ca2+ refilling on CRR. To assess these interrogations, we used isolated myocytes with phospholamban (PLN) ablation (PLNKO), knock-in mice with pseudoconstitutive CaMKII phosphorylation of RYR2 S2814 (S2814D), S2814D crossed with PLNKO mice (SDKO), and a previously validated human cardiac myocyte model. Restitution of cytosolic Ca2+ (Fura-2 AM) and L-type calcium current (ICaL; patch-clamp) was evaluated with a two-pulse (S1/S2) protocol. CRR and ICaL restitution increased as a function of the (S2-S1) coupling interval, following an exponential curve. When SR Ca2+ load was increased by increasing extracellular [Ca2+] from 2.0 to 4.0 mM, CRR and ICaL restitution were enhanced, suggesting that ICaL restitution may contribute to the faster CRR observed at 4.0 mM [Ca2+]. In contrast, ICaL restitution did not differ among the different mouse models. For a given SR Ca2+ load, CRR was accelerated in S2814D myocytes versus WT, but not in PLNKO and SDKO myocytes versus WT and S2814D, respectively. The model mimics all experimental data. Moreover, when the PLN ablation-induced decrease in RYR2 expression was corrected, the model revealed that CRR was accelerated in PLNKO and SDKO versus WT and S2814D myocytes, consistent with the enhanced velocity of refilling, SR [Ca2+] recovery, and CRR. We speculate that refilling rate might enhance CRR independently of SR Ca2+ load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Cely-Ortiz
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Centro Científico Tecnológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan I Felice
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Centro Científico Tecnológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Leandro A Díaz-Zegarra
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Centro Científico Tecnológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Valverde
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Centro Científico Tecnológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marilén Federico
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Centro Científico Tecnológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Julieta Palomeque
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Centro Científico Tecnológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine (in Cardiology), Neuroscience, Pediatrics, Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Houston, TX
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Ernesto A Aiello
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Centro Científico Tecnológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Elena C Lascano
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Favaloro, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Negroni
- Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Favaloro, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Mattiazzi
- Centro de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Centro Científico Tecnológico-La Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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4
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Janicek R, Agarwal H, Gómez AM, Egger M, Ellis-Davies GCR, Niggli E. Local recovery of cardiac calcium-induced calcium release interrogated by ultra-effective, two-photon uncaging of calcium. J Physiol 2021; 599:3841-3852. [PMID: 34245001 PMCID: PMC8456848 DOI: 10.1113/jp281482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points In cardiac myocytes, subcellular local calcium release signals, calcium sparks, are recruited to form each cellular calcium transient and activate the contractile machinery. Abnormal timing of recovery of sparks after their termination may contribute to arrhythmias. We developed a method to interrogate recovery of calcium spark trigger probabilities and their amplitude over time using two‐photon photolysis of a new ultra‐effective caged calcium compound. The findings confirm the utility of the technique to define an elevated sensitivity of the calcium release mechanism in situ and to follow hastened recovery of spark trigger probabilities in a mouse model of an inherited cardiac arrhythmia, which was used for validation. Analogous methods are likely to be applicable to investigate other microscopic subcellular signalling systems in a variety of cell types.
Abstract In cardiac myocytes Ca2+‐induced Ca2+ release (CICR) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through ryanodine receptors (RyRs) governs activation of contraction. Ca2+ release occurs via subcellular Ca2+ signalling events, Ca2+ sparks. Local recovery of Ca2+ release depends on both SR refilling and restoration of Ca2+ sensitivity of the RyRs. We used two‐photon (2P) photolysis of the ultra‐effective caged Ca2+ compound BIST‐2EGTA and laser‐scanning confocal Ca2+ imaging to probe refractoriness of local Ca2+ release in control conditions and in the presence of cAMP or low‐dose caffeine (to stimulate CICR) or cyclopiazonic acid (CPA; to slow SR refilling). Permeabilized cardiomyocytes were loaded with BIST‐2EGTA and rhod‐2. Pairs of short 2P photolytic pulses (1 ms, 810 nm) were applied with different intervals to test Ca2+ release amplitude recovery and trigger probability for the second spark in a pair. Photolytic and biological events were distinguished by classification with a self‐learning support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. In permeabilized myocytes data recorded in the presence of CPA showed a lower probability of triggering a second spark compared to control or cAMP conditions. Cardiomyocytes from a mouse model harbouring the arrhythmogenic RyRR420Q mutation were used for further validation and revealed a higher Ca2+ sensitivity of CICR. This new 2P approach provides composite information of Ca2+ release amplitude and trigger probability recovery reflecting both SR refilling and restoration of CICR and RyR Ca2+ sensitivity. It can be used to measure the kinetics of local CICR recovery, alterations of which may be related to premature heart beats and arrhythmias. In cardiac myocytes, subcellular local calcium release signals, calcium sparks, are recruited to form each cellular calcium transient and activate the contractile machinery. Abnormal timing of recovery of sparks after their termination may contribute to arrhythmias. We developed a method to interrogate recovery of calcium spark trigger probabilities and their amplitude over time using two‐photon photolysis of a new ultra‐effective caged calcium compound. The findings confirm the utility of the technique to define an elevated sensitivity of the calcium release mechanism in situ and to follow hastened recovery of spark trigger probabilities in a mouse model of an inherited cardiac arrhythmia, which was used for validation. Analogous methods are likely to be applicable to investigate other microscopic subcellular signalling systems in a variety of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hitesh Agarwal
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana M Gómez
- Signaling and cardiovascular pathophysiology - UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Marcel Egger
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ernst Niggli
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Potenza DM, Janicek R, Fernandez-Tenorio M, Niggli E. Activation of endogenous protein phosphatase 1 enhances the calcium sensitivity of the ryanodine receptor type 2 in murine ventricular cardiomyocytes. J Physiol 2020; 598:1131-1150. [PMID: 31943206 DOI: 10.1113/jp278951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Increased protein phosphatase 1 (PP-1) activity has been found in end stage human heart failure. Although PP-1 has been extensively studied, a detailed understanding of its role in the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism, in normal and diseased hearts, remains elusive. The present study investigates the functional effect of the PP-1 activity on local Ca2+ release events in ventricular cardiomyocytes, by using an activating peptide (PDP3) for the stimulation of the endogenous PP-1 protein. We report that acute de-phosphorylation may increase the sensitivity of RyR2 channels to Ca2+ in situ, and that the RyR2-serine2808 phosphorylation site may mediate such a process. Our approach unmasks the functional importance of PP-1 in the regulation of RyR2 activity, suggesting a potential role in the generation of a pathophysiological sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ leak in the diseased heart. ABSTRACT Changes in cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) phosphorylation are considered to be important regulatory and disease related post-translational protein modifications. The extent of RyR2 phosphorylation is mainly determined by the balance of the activities of protein kinases and phosphatases, respectively. Increased protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) activity has been observed in heart failure, although the regulatory role of this enzyme on intracellular Ca2+ handling remains poorly understood. To determine the physiological and pathophysiological significance of increased PP-1 activity, we investigated how the PP-1 catalytic subunit (PP-1c) alters Ca2+ sparks in permeabilized cardiomyocytes and we also applied a PP-1-disrupting peptide (PDP3) to specifically activate endogenous PP-1, including the one anchored on the RyR2 macromolecular complex. We compared wild-type and transgenic mice in which the usually highly phosphorylated site RyR2-S2808 has been ablated to investigate its involvement in RyR2 modulation (S2808A+/+ ). In wild-type myocytes, PP-1 increased Ca2+ spark frequency by two-fold, followed by depletion of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ store. Similarly, PDP3 transiently increased spark frequency and decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load. RyR2 Ca2+ sensitivity, which was assessed by Ca2+ spark recovery analysis, was increased in the presence of PDP3 compared to a negative control peptide. S2808A+/+ cardiomyocytes did not respond to both PP-1c and PDP3 treatment. Our results suggest an increased Ca2+ sensitivity of RyR2 upon de-phosphorylation by PP-1. Furthermore, we have confirmed the S2808 site as a target for PP-1 and as a potential link between RyR2s modulation and the cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ernst Niggli
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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6
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Qin L, Wang J, Zhao R, Zhang X, Mei Y. Ginsenoside-Rb1 Improved Diabetic Cardiomyopathy through Regulating Calcium Signaling by Alleviating Protein O-GlcNAcylation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:14074-14085. [PMID: 31793297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenoside-Rb1 (Rb1), a major active component of ginseng, has many benefits for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus (DM), but the effect and mechanism on diabetic cardiomyopathy are not clear. In the present study, we found that Rb1-feeding significantly improved cardiac dysfunction and abnormal cardiomyocytes calcium signaling caused by diabetes. This improved calcium signaling was because Rb1 reduced Ca2+ leakage caused by overactivated ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) and increased Ca2+ uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a (SERCA 2a). Furthermore, we found that Rb1 not only enhanced energy metabolism like metformin and eliminated O-GlcNAcylation of calcium handling proteins to regulate calcium signaling but also directly inhibited RyR2 activity to regulate calcium signaling. The present study indicated that as a health supplement or drug, Rb1 was a relatively effective auxiliary therapeutic substance for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhui Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan , China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Chengdu Slan Biotechnology Co., Ltd. , Chengdu 610041 , Sichuan , China
| | - RongRong Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan , China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan , China
| | - Yingwu Mei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , Henan , China
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7
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Zaitsev AV, Torres NS, Cawley KM, Sabry AD, Warren JS, Warren M. Conduction in the right and left ventricle is differentially regulated by protein kinases and phosphatases: implications for arrhythmogenesis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 316:H1507-H1527. [PMID: 30875259 PMCID: PMC6620685 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00660.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The "stress" kinases cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), phosphorylate the Na+ channel Nav1.5 subunit to regulate its function. However, how the channel regulation translates to ventricular conduction is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the stress kinases positively and differentially regulate conduction in the right (RV) and the left (LV) ventricles. We applied the CaMKII blocker KN93 (2.75 μM), PKA blocker H89 (10 μM), and broad-acting phosphatase blocker calyculin (30 nM) in rabbit hearts paced at a cycle length (CL) of 150-8,000 ms. We used optical mapping to determine the distribution of local conduction delays (inverse of conduction velocity). Control hearts exhibited constant and uniform conduction at all tested CLs. Calyculin (15-min perfusion) accelerated conduction, with greater effect in the RV (by 15.3%) than in the LV (by 4.1%; P < 0.05). In contrast, both KN93 and H89 slowed down conduction in a chamber-, time-, and CL-dependent manner, with the strongest effect in the RV outflow tract (RVOT). Combined KN93 and H89 synergistically promoted conduction slowing in the RV (KN93: 24.7%; H89: 29.9%; and KN93 + H89: 114.2%; P = 0.0016) but not the LV. The progressive depression of RV conduction led to conduction block and reentrant arrhythmias. Protein expression levels of both the CaMKII-δ isoform and the PKA catalytic subunit were higher in the RVOT than in the apical LV (P < 0.05). Thus normal RV conduction requires a proper balance between kinase and phosphatase activity. Dysregulation of this balance due to pharmacological interventions or disease is potentially proarrhythmic. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that uniform ventricular conduction requires a precise physiological balance of the activities of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), PKA, and phosphatases, which involves region-specific expression of CaMKII and PKA. Inhibiting CaMKII and/or PKA activity elicits nonuniform conduction depression, with the right ventricle becoming vulnerable to the development of conduction disturbances and ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Zaitsev
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Natalia S Torres
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Keiko M Cawley
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Amira D Sabry
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Junco S Warren
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mark Warren
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
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8
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Potenza DM, Janicek R, Fernandez-Tenorio M, Camors E, Ramos-Mondragón R, Valdivia HH, Niggli E. Phosphorylation of the ryanodine receptor 2 at serine 2030 is required for a complete β-adrenergic response. J Gen Physiol 2018; 151:131-145. [PMID: 30541771 PMCID: PMC6363414 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is thought to play a role in modulation of the ryanodine receptor 2 channel. Using a S2030A knock-in mouse model, Potenza et al. reveal that phosphorylation of RyR2-S2030 mediates channel regulation during the β-adrenergic response. During physical exercise or stress, the sympathetic system stimulates cardiac contractility via β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) activation, resulting in protein kinase A (PKA)–mediated phosphorylation of the cardiac ryanodine receptor RyR2. PKA-dependent “hyperphosphorylation” of the RyR2 channel has been proposed as a major impairment that contributes to progression of heart failure. However, the sites of PKA phosphorylation and their phosphorylation status in cardiac diseases are not well defined. Among the known RyR2 phosphorylation sites, serine 2030 (S2030) remains highly controversial as a site of functional impact. We examined the contribution of RyR2-S2030 to Ca2+ signaling and excitation–contraction coupling (ECC) in a transgenic mouse with an ablated RyR2-S2030 phosphorylation site (RyR2-S2030A+/+). We assessed ECC gain by using whole-cell patch–clamp recordings and confocal Ca2+ imaging during β-ARs stimulation with isoproterenol (Iso) and consistent SR Ca2+ loading and L-type Ca2+ current (ICa) triggering. Under these conditions, ECC gain is diminished in mutant compared with WT cardiomyocytes. Resting Ca2+ spark frequency (CaSpF) with Iso is also reduced by mutation of S2030. In permeabilized cells, when SR Ca2+ pump activity is kept constant (using 2D12 antibody against phospholamban), cAMP does not change CaSpF in S2030A+/+ myocytes. Using Ca2+ spark recovery analysis, we found that mutant RyR Ca2+ sensitivity is not enhanced by Iso application, contrary to WT RyRs. Furthermore, ablation of RyR2-S2030 prevents acceleration of Ca2+ waves and increases latency to the first spontaneous Ca2+ release after a train of stimulations during Iso treatment. Together, these results suggest that phosphorylation at S2030 may represent an important step in the modulation of RyR2 activity during β-adrenergic stimulation and a potential target for the development of new antiarrhythmic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Camors
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Roberto Ramos-Mondragón
- Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Héctor H Valdivia
- Department of Medicine, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.,Center for Arrhythmia Research, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ernst Niggli
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Activation of CaMKIIδA promotes Ca 2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiomyocytes of chronic heart failure rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1604-1612. [PMID: 29900930 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II isoform δA (CaMKIIδA) disturbs intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes during chronic heart failure (CHF). We hypothesized that upregulation of CaMKIIδA in cardiomyocytes might enhance Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) via activation of phosphorylated ryanodine receptor type 2 (P-RyR2) and decrease Ca2+ uptake by inhibition of SR calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a). In this study, CHF was induced in rats by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. We found that CHF caused an increase in the expression of CaMKIIδA and P-RyR2 in the left ventricle (LV). The role of CaMKIIδA in regulation of P-RyR2 was elucidated in cardiomyocytes isolated from neonatal rats in vitro. Hypoxia induced upregulation of CaMKIIδA and activation of P-RyR2 in the cardiomyocytes, which both were attenuated by knockdown of CaMKIIδA. Furthermore, we showed that knockdown of CaMKIIδA significantly decreased the Ca2+ leak from the SR elicited by hypoxia in the cardiomyocytes. In addition, CHF also induced a downregulation of SERCA2a in the LV of CHF rats. Knockdown of CaMKIIδA normalized hypoxia-induced downregulation of SERCA2a in cardiomyocytes in vitro. The results demonstrate that the inhibition of CaMKIIδA may improve cardiac function by preventing SR Ca2+ leak through downregulation of P-RyR2 and upregulation of SERCA2a expression in cardiomyocytes in CHF.
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10
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Hegyi B, Bányász T, Izu LT, Belardinelli L, Bers DM, Chen-Izu Y. β-adrenergic regulation of late Na + current during cardiac action potential is mediated by both PKA and CaMKII. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 123:168-179. [PMID: 30240676 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Late Na+ current (INaL) significantly contributes to shaping cardiac action potentials (APs) and increased INaL is associated with cardiac arrhythmias. β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) stimulation and its downstream signaling via protein kinase A (PKA) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) pathways are known to regulate INaL. However, it remains unclear how each of these pathways regulates INaL during the AP under physiological conditions. Here we performed AP-clamp experiments in rabbit ventricular myocytes to delineate the impact of each signaling pathway on INaL at different AP phases to understand the arrhythmogenic potential. During the physiological AP (2 Hz, 37 °C) we found that INaL had a basal level current independent of PKA, but partially dependent on CaMKII. βAR activation (10 nM isoproterenol, ISO) further enhanced INaL via both PKA and CaMKII pathways. However, PKA predominantly increased INaL early during the AP plateau, whereas CaMKII mainly increased INaL later in the plateau and during rapid repolarization. We also tested the role of key signaling pathways through exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Direct Epac stimulation enhanced INaL similar to the βAR-induced CaMKII effect, while NOS inhibition prevented the βAR-induced CaMKII-dependent INaL enhancement. ROS generated by NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) also contributed to the ISO-induced INaL activation early in the AP. Taken together, our data reveal differential modulations of INaL by PKA and CaMKII signaling pathways at different AP phases. This nuanced and comprehensive view on the changes in INaL during AP deepens our understanding of the important role of INaL in reshaping the cardiac AP and arrhythmogenic potential under elevated sympathetic stimulation, which is relevant for designing therapeutic treatment of arrhythmias under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Hegyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Tamás Bányász
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Leighton T Izu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ye Chen-Izu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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11
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Jones DC, Gong JQX, Sobie EA. A privileged role for neuronal Na + channels in regulating ventricular [Ca 2+] and arrhythmias. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:901-905. [PMID: 29899058 PMCID: PMC6028496 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Jones et al. provide commentary on the intricate crosstalk between ion transporters that goes awry in long QT arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- DeAnalisa C Jones
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jingqi Q X Gong
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Eric A Sobie
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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12
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Liu B, Walton SD, Ho HT, Belevych AE, Tikunova SB, Bonilla I, Shettigar V, Knollmann BC, Priori SG, Volpe P, Radwański PB, Davis JP, Györke S. Gene Transfer of Engineered Calmodulin Alleviates Ventricular Arrhythmias in a Calsequestrin-Associated Mouse Model of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008155. [PMID: 29720499 PMCID: PMC6015318 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a familial arrhythmogenic syndrome characterized by sudden death. There are several genetic forms of CPVT associated with mutations in genes encoding the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) and its auxiliary proteins including calsequestrin (CASQ2) and calmodulin (CaM). It has been suggested that impairment of the ability of RyR2 to stay closed (ie, refractory) during diastole may be a common mechanism for these diseases. Here, we explore the possibility of engineering CaM variants that normalize abbreviated RyR2 refractoriness for subsequent viral‐mediated delivery to alleviate arrhythmias in non–CaM‐related CPVT. Methods and Results To that end, we have designed a CaM protein (GSH‐M37Q; dubbed as therapeutic CaM or T‐CaM) that exhibited a slowed N‐terminal Ca dissociation rate and prolonged RyR2 refractoriness in permeabilized myocytes derived from CPVT mice carrying the CASQ2 mutation R33Q. This T‐CaM was introduced to the heart of R33Q mice through recombinant adeno‐associated viral vector serotype 9. Eight weeks postinfection, we performed confocal microscopy to assess Ca handling and recorded surface ECGs to assess susceptibility to arrhythmias in vivo. During catecholamine stimulation with isoproterenol, T‐CaM reduced isoproterenol‐promoted diastolic Ca waves in isolated CPVT cardiomyocytes. Importantly, T‐CaM exposure abolished ventricular tachycardia in CPVT mice challenged with catecholamines. Conclusions Our results suggest that gene transfer of T‐CaM by adeno‐associated viral vector serotype 9 improves myocyte Ca handling and alleviates arrhythmias in a calsequestrin‐associated CPVT model, thus supporting the potential of a CaM‐based antiarrhythmic approach as a therapeutic avenue for genetically distinct forms of CPVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MI
| | - Shane D Walton
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Hsiang-Ting Ho
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Andriy E Belevych
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Svetlana B Tikunova
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Ingrid Bonilla
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Vikram Shettigar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt, TN
| | - Silvia G Priori
- Division of Cardiology and Molecular Cardiology, Maugeri Foundation-University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Pompeo Volpe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Przemysław B Radwański
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jonathan P Davis
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Sándor Györke
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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13
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14
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Tian Q, Kaestner L, Schröder L, Guo J, Lipp P. An adaptation of astronomical image processing enables characterization and functional 3D mapping of individual sites of excitation-contraction coupling in rat cardiac muscle. eLife 2017; 6:30425. [PMID: 29135437 PMCID: PMC5703646 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In beating cardiomyocytes, synchronized localized Ca2+ transients from thousands of active excitation-contraction coupling sites (ECC couplons) comprising plasma and sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane calcium channels are important determinants of the heart's performance. Nevertheless, our knowledge about the properties of ECC couplons is limited by the lack of appropriate experimental and analysis strategies. We designed CaCLEAN to untangle the fundamental characteristics of ECC couplons by combining the astronomer's CLEAN algorithm with known properties of calcium diffusion. CaCLEAN empowers the investigation of fundamental properties of ECC couplons in beating cardiomyocytes without pharmacological interventions. Upon examining individual ECC couplons at the nanoscopic level, we reveal their roles in the negative amplitude-frequency relationship and in β-adrenergic stimulation, including decreasing and increasing firing reliability, respectively. CaCLEAN combined with 3D confocal imaging of beating cardiomyocytes provides a functional 3D map of active ECC couplons (on average, 17,000 per myocyte). CaCLEAN will further enlighten the ECC-couplon-remodelling processes that underlie cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghai Tian
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Lars Kaestner
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Laura Schröder
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jia Guo
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Peter Lipp
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling (PZMS), Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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15
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Cserne Szappanos H, Muralidharan P, Ingley E, Petereit J, Millar AH, Hool LC. Identification of a novel cAMP dependent protein kinase A phosphorylation site on the human cardiac calcium channel. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15118. [PMID: 29123182 PMCID: PMC5680263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The "Fight or Flight" response is elicited by extrinsic stress and is necessary in many species for survival. The response involves activation of the β-adrenergic signalling pathway. Surprisingly the mechanisms have remained unresolved. Calcium influx through the cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2) is absolutely required. Here we identify the functionally relevant site for PKA phosphorylation on the human cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel pore forming α1 subunit using a novel approach. We used a cell free system where we could assess direct effects of PKA on human purified channel protein function reconstituted in proteoliposomes. In addition to assessing open probability of channel protein we used semi-quantitative fluorescent phosphoprotein detection and MS/MS mass spectrometry analysis to demonstrate the PKA specificity of the site. Robust increases in frequency of channel openings were recorded after phosphorylation of the long and short N terminal isoforms and the channel protein with C terminus truncated at aa1504. A protein kinase A anchoring protein (AKAP) was not required. We find the novel PKA phosphorylation site at Ser1458 is in close proximity to the Repeat IV S6 region and induces a conformational change in the channel protein that is necessary and sufficient for increased calcium influx through the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Padmapriya Muralidharan
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Evan Ingley
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jakob Petereit
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - A Harvey Millar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Livia C Hool
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia. .,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
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16
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Barton GP, de Lange WJ, Ralphe JC, Aiken J, Diffee G. Linking metabolic and contractile dysfunction in aged cardiac myocytes. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/20/e13485. [PMID: 29084842 PMCID: PMC5661240 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with declining cardiac contractile function as well as changes in metabolism and mitochondrial function. The relationship between age‐related changes in cardiac metabolism and declining cardiac contractile function has not been determined. In order to define the role energetics play in changes in contractile function, we measured mitochondrial NADH, [NADH]m, during continuous contractions of isolated left ventricular myocytes from young (Y) and old (O) FBN rats. Second, we explored the role of metabolic disruption with rotenone and increased workload with isoproterenol (ISO) had on age‐related changes in myocytes shortening. Single, intact myocytes were stimulated for 10 min of continuous contraction at either 2 Hz or 4 Hz while being perfused with Ringer's solution. Properties of shortening (peak shortening and rate of shortening) were measured at the onset (T0) and after 10 min (T10) of continuous contraction, and the decline in shortening over time (T10/T0) was determined. Although young and old myocytes had similar contractile function under resting conditions, old myocytes demonstrated decrements in [NADH]m during continuous stimulation, while young myocytes maintained constant [NADH]m over this time. In addition, old myocytes exhibited impaired contractile function to a workload (ISO) and metabolic (rotenone) stress compared to young myocytes. Taken together, these results demonstrated that old myocytes are susceptible to stress‐induced contractile dysfunction which may be related to altered cellular energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory P Barton
- Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Willem J de Lange
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - John C Ralphe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Judd Aiken
- Department of Agriculture, Food, and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary Diffee
- Balke Biodynamics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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17
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Sobie EA, Williams GSB, Lederer WJ. Ambiguous interactions between diastolic and SR Ca 2+ in the regulation of cardiac Ca 2+ release. J Gen Physiol 2017; 149:847-855. [PMID: 28798276 PMCID: PMC5583714 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sobie et al. highlight unresolved issues concerning the regulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release in cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Sobie
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - George S B Williams
- BioMET, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - W J Lederer
- BioMET, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
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18
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Györke S, Belevych AE, Liu B, Kubasov IV, Carnes CA, Radwański PB. The role of luminal Ca regulation in Ca signaling refractoriness and cardiac arrhythmogenesis. J Gen Physiol 2017; 149:877-888. [PMID: 28798279 PMCID: PMC5583712 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Györke et al. discuss the role of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ in cardiac refractoriness and pathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Györke
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH .,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Andriy E Belevych
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Igor V Kubasov
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Cynthia A Carnes
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH
| | - Przemysław B Radwański
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Columbus, OH
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19
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Tahsili-Fahadan P, Geocadin RG. Heart-Brain Axis: Effects of Neurologic Injury on Cardiovascular Function. Circ Res 2017; 120:559-572. [PMID: 28154104 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A complex interaction exists between the nervous and cardiovascular systems. A large network of cortical and subcortical brain regions control cardiovascular function via the sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow. A dysfunction in one system may lead to changes in the function of the other. The effects of cardiovascular disease on the nervous system have been widely studied; however, our understanding of the effects of neurological disorders on the cardiovascular system has only expanded in the past 2 decades. Various pathologies of the nervous system can lead to a wide range of alterations in function and structure of the cardiovascular system ranging from transient and benign electrographic changes to myocardial injury, cardiomyopathy, and even cardiac death. In this article, we first review the anatomy and physiology of the central and autonomic nervous systems in regard to control of the cardiovascular function. The effects of neurological injury on cardiac function and structure will be summarized, and finally, we review neurological disorders commonly associated with cardiovascular manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Tahsili-Fahadan
- From the Neurosciences Critical Care Division, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, and Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Romergryko G Geocadin
- From the Neurosciences Critical Care Division, Departments of Neurology, Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, and Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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20
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Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has emerged as key enzyme in many cardiac pathologies, especially heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathies, thus leading to contractile dysfunction and malignant arrhythmias. While many pathways leading to CaMKII activation have been elucidated in recent years, hardly any clinically viable compounds affecting CaMKII activity have progressed from basic in vitro science to in vivo studies. This review focuses on recent advances in anti-arrhythmic strategies involving CaMKII. Specifically, both inhibition of CaMKII itself to prevent arrhythmias, as well as anti-arrhythmic approaches affecting CaMKII activity via alterations in signaling cascades upstream and downstream of CaMKII will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Mustroph
- Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Neef
- Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Universitäres Herzzentrum Regensburg, Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Germany.
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21
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Vielma AZ, León L, Fernández IC, González DR, Boric MP. Nitric Oxide Synthase 1 Modulates Basal and β-Adrenergic-Stimulated Contractility by Rapid and Reversible Redox-Dependent S-Nitrosylation of the Heart. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160813. [PMID: 27529477 PMCID: PMC4986959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosylation of several Ca2+ regulating proteins in response to β-adrenergic stimulation was recently described in the heart; however the specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoform and signaling pathways responsible for this modification have not been elucidated. NOS-1 activity increases inotropism, therefore, we tested whether β-adrenergic stimulation induces NOS-1-dependent S-nitrosylation of total proteins, the ryanodine receptor (RyR2), SERCA2 and the L-Type Ca2+ channel (LTCC). In the isolated rat heart, isoproterenol (10 nM, 3-min) increased S-nitrosylation of total cardiac proteins (+46±14%) and RyR2 (+146±77%), without affecting S-nitrosylation of SERCA2 and LTCC. Selective NOS-1 blockade with S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline (SMTC) and Nω-propyl-l-arginine decreased basal contractility and relaxation (−25–30%) and basal S-nitrosylation of total proteins (−25–60%), RyR2, SERCA2 and LTCC (−60–75%). NOS-1 inhibition reduced (−25–40%) the inotropic response and protein S-nitrosylation induced by isoproterenol, particularly that of RyR2 (−85±7%). Tempol, a superoxide scavenger, mimicked the effects of NOS-1 inhibition on inotropism and protein S-nitrosylation; whereas selective NOS-3 inhibitor L-N5-(1-Iminoethyl)ornithine had no effect. Inhibition of NOS-1 did not affect phospholamban phosphorylation, but reduced its oligomerization. Attenuation of contractility was abolished by PKA blockade and unaffected by guanylate cyclase inhibition. Additionally, in isolated mouse cardiomyocytes, NOS-1 inhibition or removal reduced the Ca2+-transient amplitude and sarcomere shortening induced by isoproterenol or by direct PKA activation. We conclude that 1) normal cardiac performance requires basal NOS-1 activity and S-nitrosylation of the calcium-cycling machinery; 2) β-adrenergic stimulation induces rapid and reversible NOS-1 dependent, PKA and ROS-dependent, S-nitrosylation of RyR2 and other proteins, accounting for about one third of its inotropic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Z. Vielma
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, PO Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luisa León
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, PO Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio C. Fernández
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, PO Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel R. González
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay S.N., Talca, Chile
| | - Mauricio P. Boric
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, PO Box 114-D, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
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22
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Dries E, Santiago DJ, Johnson DM, Gilbert G, Holemans P, Korte SM, Roderick HL, Sipido KR. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II and nitric oxide synthase 1-dependent modulation of ryanodine receptors during β-adrenergic stimulation is restricted to the dyadic cleft. J Physiol 2016; 594:5923-5939. [PMID: 27121757 PMCID: PMC5063942 DOI: 10.1113/jp271965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The dyadic cleft, where coupled ryanodine receptors (RyRs) reside, is thought to serve as a microdomain for local signalling, as supported by distinct modulation of coupled RyRs dependent on Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) activation during high-frequency stimulation. Sympathetic stimulation through β-adrenergic receptors activates an integrated signalling cascade, enhancing Ca2+ cycling and is at least partially mediated through CaMKII. Here we report that CaMKII activation during β-adrenergic signalling is restricted to the dyadic cleft, where it enhances activity of coupled RyRs thereby contributing to the increase in diastolic events. Nitric oxide synthase 1 equally participates in the local modulation of coupled RyRs. In contrast, the increase in the Ca2+ content of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and related increase in the amplitude of the Ca2+ transient are primarily protein kinase A-dependent. The present data extend the concept of microdomain signalling in the dyadic cleft and give perspectives for selective modulation of RyR subpopulations and diastolic events. ABSTRACT In cardiac myocytes, β-adrenergic stimulation enhances Ca2+ cycling through an integrated signalling cascade modulating L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs), phospholamban and ryanodine receptors (RyRs). Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) and nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) are proposed as prime mediators for increasing RyR open probability. We investigate whether this pathway is confined to the high Ca2+ microdomain of the dyadic cleft and thus to coupled RyRs. Pig ventricular myocytes are studied under whole-cell voltage-clamp and confocal line-scan imaging with Fluo-4 as a [Ca2+ ]i indicator. Following conditioning depolarizing pulses, spontaneous RyR activity is recorded as Ca2+ sparks, which are assigned to coupled and non-coupled RyR clusters. Isoproterenol (ISO) (10 nm) increases Ca2+ spark frequency in both populations of RyRs. However, CaMKII inhibition reduces spark frequency in coupled RyRs only; NOS1 inhibition mimics the effect of CaMKII inhibition. Moreover, ISO induces the repetitive activation of coupled RyR clusters through CaMKII activation. Immunostaining shows high levels of CaMKII phosphorylation at the dyadic cleft. CaMKII inhibition reduces ICaL and local Ca2+ transients during depolarizing steps but has only modest effects on amplitude or relaxation of the global Ca2+ transient. In contrast, protein kinase A (PKA) inhibition reduces spark frequency in all RyRs concurrently with a reduction of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content, Ca2+ transient amplitude and relaxation. In conclusion, CaMKII activation during β-adrenergic stimulation is restricted to the dyadic cleft microdomain, enhancing LTCC-triggered local Ca2+ release as well as spontaneous diastolic Ca2+ release whilst PKA is the major pathway increasing global Ca2+ cycling. Selective CaMKII inhibition may reduce potentially arrhythmogenic release without negative inotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eef Dries
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Demetrio J Santiago
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel M Johnson
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Gilbert
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patricia Holemans
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sanne M Korte
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin R Sipido
- Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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23
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Habecker BA, Anderson ME, Birren SJ, Fukuda K, Herring N, Hoover DB, Kanazawa H, Paterson DJ, Ripplinger CM. Molecular and cellular neurocardiology: development, and cellular and molecular adaptations to heart disease. J Physiol 2016; 594:3853-75. [PMID: 27060296 DOI: 10.1113/jp271840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system and cardiovascular system develop in concert and are functionally interconnected in both health and disease. This white paper focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie neural-cardiac interactions during development, during normal physiological function in the mature system, and during pathological remodelling in cardiovascular disease. The content on each subject was contributed by experts, and we hope that this will provide a useful resource for newcomers to neurocardiology as well as aficionados.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Habecker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Johns Hopkins Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Susan J Birren
- Department of Biology, Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Neil Herring
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Donald B Hoover
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Hideaki Kanazawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - David J Paterson
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
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Pfeiffer ER, Vega R, McDonough PM, Price JH, Whittaker R. Specific prediction of clinical QT prolongation by kinetic image cytometry in human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016; 81:263-73. [PMID: 27095424 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A priority in the development and approval of new drugs is assessment of cardiovascular risk. Current methodologies for screening compounds (e.g. HERG testing) for proarrhythmic risk lead to many false positive and false negative results, resulting in the attrition of potentially therapeutic compounds in early development, and the advancement of other candidates that cause adverse effects. With improvements in the technologies of high content imaging and human stem cell differentiation, it is now possible to directly screen compounds for arrhythmogenic tendencies in human stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hSC-CMs). METHODS A training panel of 90 compounds consisting of roughly equal numbers of QT-prolonging and negative control (non-QT-prolonging) compounds, and a follow-up blinded study of 35 compounds including 16 from the 90 compound panel and 2 duplicates, were evaluated for prolongation of the calcium transient in hSC-CMs using kinetic image cytometry (KIC), a specialized form of high content analysis. RESULTS The KIC-hSC-CM assay identified training compounds that prolong the calcium transient with 98% specificity, 97% precision, 80% sensitivity, and 89% accuracy in predicting clinical QT prolongation by these compounds. The follow-up study of 35 blinded compounds confirmed the reproducibility and strong diagnostic accuracy of the assay. DISCUSSION The correlation of the KIC-hSC-CM results to clinical observations met or surpassed traditional preclinical assessment of cardiac risk utilizing animal models. Thus, the KIC-hSC-CM assay, which can be accomplished in high throughput and at relatively low cost, is an effective new model system for testing chemicals for cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Vega
- Vala Sciences, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, United States
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Bobin P, Varin A, Lefebvre F, Fischmeister R, Vandecasteele G, Leroy J. Calmodulin kinase II inhibition limits the pro-arrhythmic Ca2+ waves induced by cAMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 110:151-61. [PMID: 26851245 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS A major concern of using phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors in heart failure is their potential to increase mortality by inducing arrhythmias. By diminishing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) hydrolysis, they promote protein kinase A (PKA) activity under β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation, hence enhancing Ca(2+) cycling and contraction. Yet, cAMP also activates CaMKII via PKA or the exchange protein Epac, but it remains unknown whether these pathways are involved in the pro-arrhythmic effect of PDE inhibitors. METHODS AND RESULTS Excitation-contraction coupling was investigated in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes loaded with Fura-2 and paced at 1 Hz allowing coincident measurement of intracellular Ca(2+) and sarcomere shortening. The PDE4 inhibitor Ro 20-1724 (Ro) promoted the inotropic effects of the non-selective β-AR agonist isoprenaline (Iso) and also spontaneous diastolic Ca(2+) waves (SCWs). PDE4 inhibition potentiated RyR2 and PLB phosphorylation at specific PKA and CaMKII sites increasing sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) load and SR Ca(2+) leak measured in a 0Na(+)/0Ca(2+) solution ± tetracaine. PKA inhibition suppressed all the effects of Iso ± Ro, whereas CaMKII inhibition prevented SR Ca(2+) leak and diminished SCW incidence without affecting the inotropic effects of Ro. Inhibition of Epac2 but not Epac1 diminished the occurrence of SCWs. PDE3 inhibition with cilostamide induced an SR Ca(2+) leak, which was also blocked by CaMKII inhibition. CONCLUSION Our results show that PDE inhibitors exert inotropic effects via PKA but lead to SCWs via both PKA and CaMKII activation partly via Epac2, suggesting the potential use of CaMKII inhibitors as adjuncts to PDE inhibition to limit their pro-arrhythmic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bobin
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Audrey Varin
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Florence Lefebvre
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Rodolphe Fischmeister
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Grégoire Vandecasteele
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Jérôme Leroy
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Bers DM, Chen-Izu Y. Sodium and calcium regulation in cardiac myocytes: from molecules to heart failure and arrhythmia. J Physiol 2015; 593:1327-9. [PMID: 25772288 DOI: 10.1113/jp270133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Impaired calcium-calmodulin-dependent inactivation of Cav1.2 contributes to loss of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release refractoriness in mice lacking calsequestrin 2. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 82:75-83. [PMID: 25758429 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS In cardiac muscle, Ca(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is reduced with successively shorter coupling intervals of premature stimuli, a phenomenon known as SR Ca(2+) release refractoriness. We recently reported that the SR luminal Ca(2+) binding protein calsequestrin 2 (Casq2) contributes to release refractoriness in intact mouse hearts, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we further investigate the mechanisms responsible for physiological release refractoriness. METHODS AND RESULTS Gene-targeted ablation of Casq2 (Casq2 KO) abolished SR Ca(2+) release refractoriness in isolated mouse ventricular myocytes. Surprisingly, impaired Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation of L-type Ca(2+) current (ICa), which is responsible for triggering SR Ca(2+) release, significantly contributed to loss of Ca(2+) release refractoriness in Casq2 KO myocytes. Recovery from Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation of ICa was significantly accelerated in Casq2 KO compared to wild-type (WT) myocytes. In contrast, voltage-dependent inactivation measured by using Ba(2+) as charge carrier was not significantly different between WT and Casq2 KO myocytes. Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation of ICa was normalized by intracellular dialysis of excess apo-CaM (20 μM), which also partially restored physiological Ca(2+) release refractoriness in Casq2 KO myocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal that the intra-SR protein Casq2 is largely responsible for the phenomenon of SR Ca(2+) release refractoriness in murine ventricular myocytes. We also report a novel mechanism of impaired Ca(2+)-CaM-dependent inactivation of Cav1.2, which contributes to the loss of SR Ca(2+) release refractoriness in the Casq2 KO mouse model and, therefore, may further increase risk for ventricular arrhythmia in vivo.
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