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Valentim WL, Tylee DS, Polimanti R. A perspective on translating genomic discoveries into targets for brain-machine interface and deep brain stimulation devices. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1635. [PMID: 38059513 PMCID: PMC11163995 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Mental illnesses have a huge impact on individuals, families, and society, so there is a growing need for more efficient treatments. In this context, brain-computer interface (BCI) technology has the potential to revolutionize the options for neuropsychiatric therapies. However, the development of BCI-based therapies faces enormous challenges, such as power dissipation constraints, lack of credible feedback mechanisms, uncertainty of which brain areas and frequencies to target, and even which patients to treat. Some of these setbacks are due to the large gap in our understanding of brain function. In recent years, large-scale genomic analyses uncovered an unprecedented amount of information regarding the biology of the altered brain function observed across the psychopathology spectrum. We believe findings from genetic studies can be useful to refine BCI technology to develop novel treatment options for mental illnesses. Here, we assess the latest advancements in both fields, the possibilities that can be generated from their intersection, and the challenges that these research areas will need to address to ensure that translational efforts can lead to effective and reliable interventions. Specifically, starting from highlighting the overlap between mechanisms uncovered by large-scale genetic studies and the current targets of deep brain stimulation treatments, we describe the steps that could help to translate genomic discoveries into BCI targets. Because these two research areas have not been previously presented together, the present article can provide a novel perspective for scientists with different research backgrounds. This article is categorized under: Neurological Diseases > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Neurological Diseases > Biomedical Engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wander L. Valentim
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Daniel S. Tylee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
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Knorr S, Musacchio T, Paulat R, Matthies C, Endres H, Wenger N, Harms C, Ip CW. Experimental deep brain stimulation in rodent models of movement disorders. Exp Neurol 2021; 348:113926. [PMID: 34793784 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the preferred treatment for therapy-resistant movement disorders such as dystonia and Parkinson's disease (PD), mostly in advanced disease stages. Although DBS is already in clinical use for ~30 years and has improved patients' quality of life dramatically, there is still limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action. Rodent models of PD and dystonia are essential tools to elucidate the mode of action of DBS on behavioral and multiscale neurobiological levels. Advances have been made in identifying DBS effects on the central motor network, neuroprotection and neuroinflammation in DBS studies of PD rodent models. The phenotypic dtsz mutant hamster and the transgenic DYT-TOR1A (ΔETorA) rat proved as valuable models of dystonia for preclinical DBS research. In addition, continuous refinements of rodent DBS technologies are ongoing and have contributed to improvement of experimental quality. We here review the currently existing literature on experimental DBS in PD and dystonia models regarding the choice of models, experimental design, neurobiological readouts, as well as methodological implications. Moreover, we provide an overview of the technical stage of existing DBS devices for use in rodent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Knorr
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Musacchio
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Raik Paulat
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Cordula Matthies
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Heinz Endres
- University of Applied Science Würzburg-Schweinfurt, Schweinfurt, Germany.
| | - Nikolaus Wenger
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christoph Harms
- Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Straße 11, Würzburg, Germany.
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Alpaugh M, Saint-Pierre M, Dubois M, Aubé B, Arsenault D, Kriz J, Cicchetti A, Cicchetti F. A novel wireless brain stimulation device for long-term use in freely moving mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6444. [PMID: 31015544 PMCID: PMC6478908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used in clinical settings for many years despite a paucity of knowledge related to the anatomical and functional substrates that lead to benefits and/or side-effects in various disease contexts. In order to maximize the potential of this approach in humans, a better understanding of its mechanisms of action is absolutely necessary. However, the existing micro-stimulators available for pre-clinical models, are limited by the lack of relevant small size devices. This absence prevents sustained chronic stimulation and real time monitoring of animals during stimulation, parameters that are critical for comparison to clinical findings. We therefore sought to develop and refine a novel small wireless micro-stimulator as a means by which to study consequent behavioural to molecular changes in experimental animals. Building on previous work from our group, we refined our implantable micro-stimulator prototype, to be easily combined with intravital 2-photon imaging. Using our prototype we were able to replicate the well described clinical benefits on motor impairment in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease in addition to capturing microglia dynamics live during stimulation. We believe this new device represents a useful tool for performing pre-clinical studies as well as dissecting brain circuitry and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Alpaugh
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Martine Saint-Pierre
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marilyn Dubois
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Aubé
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Dany Arsenault
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jasna Kriz
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Antonio Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec (CHUQ), Axe Neurosciences, 2705, Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC, Canada. .,Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Salatino JW, Ludwig KA, Kozai TDY, Purcell EK. Glial responses to implanted electrodes in the brain. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:862-877. [PMID: 30505625 PMCID: PMC6261524 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0154-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of implants that can electrically stimulate or record electrophysiological or neurochemical activity in nervous tissue is rapidly expanding. Despite remarkable results in clinical studies and increasing market approvals, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of neuroprosthetic and neuromodulation devices, as well as their side effects and reasons for their failure, remain poorly understood. A major assumption has been that the signal-generating neurons are the only important target cells of neural-interface technologies. However, recent evidence indicates that the supporting glial cells remodel the structure and function of neuronal networks and are an effector of stimulation-based therapy. Here, we reframe the traditional view of glia as a passive barrier, and discuss their role as an active determinant of the outcomes of device implantation. We also discuss the implications that this has on the development of bioelectronic medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Salatino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kip A. Ludwig
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Takashi D. Y. Kozai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Neurotech Center, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erin K. Purcell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Maysinger D, Zhang I. Nutritional and Nanotechnological Modulators of Microglia. Front Immunol 2016; 7:270. [PMID: 27471505 PMCID: PMC4945637 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the essential responders to alimentary, pharmacological, and nanotechnological immunomodulators. These neural cells play multiple roles as surveyors, sculptors, and guardians of essential parts of complex neural circuitries. Microglia can play dual roles in the central nervous system; they can be deleterious and/or protective. The immunomodulatory effects of alimentary components, gut microbiota, and nanotechnological products have been investigated in microglia at the single-cell level and in vivo using intravital imaging approaches, and different biochemical assays. This review highlights some of the emerging questions and topics from studies involving alimentation, microbiota, nanotechnological products, and associated problems in this area of research. Some of the advantages and limitations of in vitro and in vivo models used to study the neuromodulatory effects of these factors, as well as the merits and pitfalls of intravital imaging modalities employed are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
| | - Issan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada
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