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Wang Z, Irving BA, Spielmann G, Johannsen N, Greenway F, Dalecki M. A single exposure to 100% normo-baric oxygen therapy appears to improve sequence learning processes by increasing prefrontal cortex oxygen saturation. Brain Res 2024; 1837:148962. [PMID: 38670479 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that a normo-baric 100 % oxygen treatment (NbOxTr) enhances motor learning processes, e.g., visuomotor adaptation (VMA) and sequence learning (SL). However, this work was limited to behavioral outcomes and did not identify the physiological mechanistic underpinnings of these improvements. Here, we expand on this research to investigate the effects of a NbOxTr on the oxygen tissue saturation index (TSI) level of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) when performing a SL task and whether potential SL improvements relate to increased TSI levels in the PFC. Twenty four right-handed young, healthy adults were randomly assigned to a NbOxTr group (normo-baric 100 % oxygen, n = 12) or a control group (normal air, n = 12). They received their respective treatments via a nasal cannula during the experiment. Oxygen TSI levels of the right and left PFC were measured via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) throughout different SL task phases (Baseline, Training, Testing). The NbOxTr increased the TSI of the PFC in the Training phase (p < 0.01) and positively affected SL retention in the Testing phase (p < 0.05). We also found a positive correlation between TSI changes in the right PFC during the gas treatment phase (3.4 % increase) and response time (RT) improvements in the SL task training and retention phase (all p < 0.05). Our results suggest that a simple NbOxTr increases the oxygenated hemoglobin availability in the PFC, which appears to mediate the retention of acquired SL improvements in healthy young adults. Future studies should examine treatment-related oxygenation changes in other brain areas involved and their relation to enhanced learning processes. Whether this NbOxTr improves SL in neurologically impaired populations should also be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Brian A Irving
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Guillaume Spielmann
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Neil Johannsen
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Frank Greenway
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Marc Dalecki
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; German University of Health and Sports, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Li W, Zhang Z, Li Z, Gui Z, Shang Y. Correlation and asynchronization of electroencephalogram and cerebral blood flow in active and passive stimulations. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:066007. [PMID: 37931297 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad0a02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Real-time brain monitoring is of importance for intraoperative surgeries and intensive care unit, in order to take timely clinical interventions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a conventional technique for recording neural excitations (e.g. brain waves) in the cerebral cortex, and near infrared diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) is an emerging technique that can directly measure the cerebral blood flow (CBF) in microvasculature system. Currently, the relationship between the neural activities and cerebral hemodynamics that reflects the vasoconstriction features of cerebral vessels, especially under both active and passive situation, has not been elucidated thus far, which triggers the motivation of this study.Approach.We used the verbal fluency test as an active cognitive stimulus to the brain, and we manipulated blood pressure changes as a passive challenge to the brain. Under both protocols, the CBF and EEG responses were longitudinally monitored throughout the cerebral stimulus. Power spectrum approaches were applied the EEG signals and compared with CBF responses.Main results.The results show that the EEG response was significantly faster and larger in amplitude during the active cognitive task, when compared to the CBF, but with larger individual variability. By contrast, CBF is more sensitive when response to the passive task, and with better signal stability. We also found that there was a correlation (p< 0.01,r= 0.866,R2= 0.751) between CBF and EEG in initial response during the active task, but no significant correlation (p> 0.05) was found during the passive task. The similar relations were also found between regional brain waves and blood flow.Significance.The asynchronization and correlation between the two measurements indicates the necessity of monitoring both variables for comprehensive understanding of cerebral physiology. Deep exploration of their relationships provides promising implications for DCS/EEG integration in the diagnosis of various neurovascular and psychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Electronic Information College, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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3
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Han Y, Huang J, Yin Y, Chen H. From brain to worksite: the role of fNIRS in cognitive studies and worker safety. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1256895. [PMID: 37954053 PMCID: PMC10634210 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1256895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective hazard recognition and decision-making are crucial factors in ensuring workplace safety in the construction industry. Workers' cognition closely relates to that hazard-handling behavior. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neurotechique tool that can evaluate the concentration vibration of oxygenated hemoglobin [ H b O 2 ] and deoxygenated hemoglobin [H b R ] to reflect the cognition process. It is essential to monitor workers' brain activity by fNIRS to analyze their cognitive status and reveal the mechanism in hazard recognition and decision-making process, providing guidance for capability evaluation and management enhancement. This review offers a systematic assessment of fNIRS, encompassing the basic theory, experiment analysis, data analysis, and discussion. A literature search and content analysis are conducted to identify the application of fNIRS in construction safety research, the limitations of selected studies, and the prospects of fNIRS in future research. This article serves as a guide for researchers keen on harnessing fNIRS to bolster construction safety standards and forwards insightful recommendations for subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Huihua Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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4
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Ortega-Martinez A, Rogers D, Anderson J, Farzam P, Gao Y, Zimmermann B, Yücel MA, Boas DA. How much do time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) moments improve estimation of brain activity over traditional fNIRS? NEUROPHOTONICS 2023; 10:013504. [PMID: 36284602 PMCID: PMC9587749 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.10.1.013504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Advances in electronics have allowed the recent development of compact, high channel count time domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-fNIRS) systems. Temporal moment analysis has been proposed for increased brain sensitivity due to the depth selectivity of higher order temporal moments. We propose a general linear model (GLM) incorporating TD moment data and auxiliary physiological measurements, such as short separation channels, to improve the recovery of the HRF. AIMS We compare the performance of previously reported multi-distance TD moment techniques to commonly used techniques for continuous wave (CW) fNIRS hemodynamic response function (HRF) recovery, namely block averaging and CW GLM. Additionally, we compare the multi-distance TD moment technique to TD moment GLM. APPROACH We augmented resting TD-fNIRS moment data (six subjects) with known synthetic HRFs. We then employed block averaging and GLM techniques with "short-separation regression" designed both for CW and TD to recover the HRFs. We calculated the root mean square error (RMSE) and the correlation of the recovered HRF to the ground truth. We compared the performance of equivalent CW and TD techniques with paired t-tests. RESULTS We found that, on average, TD moment HRF recovery improves correlations by 98% and 48% for HbO and HbR respectively, over CW GLM. The improvement on the correlation for TD GLM over TD moment is 12% (HbO) and 27% (HbR). RMSE decreases 56% and 52% (HbO and HbR) for TD moment compared to CW GLM. We found no statistically significant improvement in the RMSE for TD GLM compared to TD moment. CONCLUSIONS Properly covariance-scaled TD moment techniques outperform their CW equivalents in both RMSE and correlation in the recovery of the synthetic HRFs. Furthermore, our proposed TD GLM based on moments outperforms regular TD moment analysis, while allowing the incorporation of auxiliary measurements of the confounding physiological signals from the scalp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - De’Ja Rogers
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jessica Anderson
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Parya Farzam
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bernhard Zimmermann
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Meryem A. Yücel
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David A. Boas
- Boston University Neurophotonics Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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Prefrontal Cerebral Oxygenated Hemoglobin Concentration during the Category Fluency and Finger-Tapping Tasks in Adults with and without Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121636. [PMID: 36552096 PMCID: PMC9775273 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered to be the limit between the cognitive changes of aging and early dementia; thus, discriminating between participants with and without MCI is important. In the present study, we aimed to examine the differences in the cerebral oxyhemoglobin signal between individuals with and without MCI. The cerebral oxyhemoglobin signal was measured when the participants (young and elderly controls as well as patients with MCI) performed category fluency, finger tapping, and dual tasks using head-mounted near-infrared spectroscopy; the results were compared between the groups. The cerebral oxyhemoglobin signal trended toward the highest values during the category fluency task in young participants and during the finger-tapping task in elderly participants regardless of the MCI status. The area under the curve was approximately 0.5, indicating a low discrimination ability between elderly participants with and without MCI. The measurement of the blood flow in the prefrontal cortex may not accurately quantify cognitive and motor performance to detect MCI. Finger tapping may increase cerebral blood flow in individuals with and without MCI during the task.
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Varandas R, Lima R, Bermúdez I Badia S, Silva H, Gamboa H. Automatic Cognitive Fatigue Detection Using Wearable fNIRS and Machine Learning. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:4010. [PMID: 35684626 PMCID: PMC9183003 DOI: 10.3390/s22114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors have increasingly been applied in healthcare to generate data and monitor patients unobtrusively. Their application for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) allows for unobtrusively monitoring one's cognitive state over time. A particular state relevant in multiple domains is cognitive fatigue, which may impact performance and attention, among other capabilities. The monitoring of this state will be applied in real learning settings to detect and advise on effective break periods. In this study, two functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) wearable devices were employed to build a BCI to automatically detect the state of cognitive fatigue using machine learning algorithms. An experimental procedure was developed to effectively induce cognitive fatigue that included a close-to-real digital lesson and two standard cognitive tasks: Corsi-Block task and a concentration task. Machine learning models were user-tuned to account for the individual dynamics of each participant, reaching classification accuracy scores of around 70.91 ± 13.67 %. We concluded that, although effective for some subjects, the methodology needs to be individually validated before being applied. Moreover, time on task was not a particularly determining factor for classification, i.e., to induce cognitive fatigue. Further research will include other physiological signals and human-computer interaction variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Varandas
- LIBPhys (Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- PLUX Wireless Biosignals S.A., 1050-059 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Rodrigo Lima
- Departamento de Engenharia Informática, Universidade da Madeira & Madeira N-LINCS, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.L.); (S.B.I.B.)
- NOVA Laboratory for Computer Science and Informatics, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sergi Bermúdez I Badia
- Departamento de Engenharia Informática, Universidade da Madeira & Madeira N-LINCS, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (R.L.); (S.B.I.B.)
- NOVA Laboratory for Computer Science and Informatics, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hugo Silva
- PLUX Wireless Biosignals S.A., 1050-059 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Instituto de Telecomunicações (IT), 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Hugo Gamboa
- LIBPhys (Laboratory for Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;
- PLUX Wireless Biosignals S.A., 1050-059 Lisboa, Portugal;
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7
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Zhang Q, Zhang D, Liao PC. Leading indicators of mental representation in construction hazard recognition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2021; 28:2066-2079. [PMID: 34225576 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1952005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hazard recognition is mainly a visual search and cognitive process. Mental representations of hazards may impact mental states of hazard recognition. We assessed the effects of critical indicators of mental presentations of construction hazards on prefrontal cortex activation, a proxy for the mental states of hazard recognition. Students participated in a hazard inspection experiment, with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) used to record prefrontal cortex activation. The effects of critical indicators of the hazards' mental representations on prefrontal activation were analyzed. Results demonstrated that site familiarity, risk tolerance and safety knowledge have significant effects on medial prefrontal activation for hazards at a low visual clutter level. High levels of site familiarity and risk tolerance reduced medial prefrontal activation and saved cognitive resources. Theoretically, the findings supplement the knowledge of safety hazards' mental representations; and practically, the findings guide provision of individual-specific guidance for improving workers' hazard inspection performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Zhang
- Department of Construction Management, School of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin-Chao Liao
- Department of Construction Management, School of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, People's Republic of China
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8
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Zohdi H, Egli R, Guthruf D, Scholkmann F, Wolf U. Color-dependent changes in humans during a verbal fluency task under colored light exposure assessed by SPA-fNIRS. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9654. [PMID: 33958616 PMCID: PMC8102618 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Light evokes robust visual and nonvisual physiological and psychological effects in humans, such as emotional and behavioral responses, as well as changes in cognitive brain activity and performance. The aim of this study was to investigate how colored light exposure (CLE) and a verbal fluency task (VFT) interact and affect cerebral hemodynamics, oxygenation, and systemic physiology as determined by systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy (SPA-fNIRS). 32 healthy adults (17 female, 15 male, age: 25.5 ± 4.3 years) were exposed to blue and red light for 9 min while performing a VFT. Before and after the CLE, subjects were in darkness. We found that this long-term CLE-VFT paradigm elicited distinct changes in the prefrontal cortex and in most systemic physiological parameters. The subjects' performance depended significantly on the type of VFT and the sex of the subject. Compared to red light, blue evoked stronger responses in cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in the visual cortex. Color-dependent changes were evident in the recovery phase of several systemic physiological parameters. This study showed that the CLE has effects that endure at least 15 min after cessation of the CLE. This underlines the importance of considering the persistent influence of colored light on brain function, cognition, and systemic physiology in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamoon Zohdi
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Egli
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Guthruf
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Neonatology Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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Figeys M, Zeeman M, Kim ES. Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Cognitive Performance and Cerebral Oxygen Hemodynamics: A Systematic Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:623315. [PMID: 33897392 PMCID: PMC8058208 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.623315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is increasing evidence to support the efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applications in cognitive augmentation and rehabilitation. Neuromodulation achieved with tDCS may further regulate regional cerebral perfusion affiliated through the neurovascular unit; however, components of cerebral perfusion decrease across aging. A novel neuroimaging approach, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), can aid in quantifying these regional perfusional changes. To date, the interaction of the effects of tDCS on cognitive performance across the lifespan and obtained fNIRS hemodynamic responses remain unknown. Objective: This review aims to examine the effects of tDCS on cognitive performance and fNIRS hemodynamic responses within the context of cognitive aging. Methods: Six databases were searched for studies. Quality appraisal and data extraction were conducted by two independent reviewers. Meta-analysis was carried out to determine overall and subgroup effect sizes. Results: Eight studies met inclusion criteria. The overall effect size demonstrates that tDCS can alter cognitive performance and fNIRS signals, with aging being a potential intermediary in tDCS efficacy. Conclusion: From the studies included, the effects of tDCS on cognitive performance and fNIRS metrics are most prominent in young healthy adults and appear to become less robust with increasing age. Given the small number of studies included in this review further investigation is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Figeys
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Zeeman
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Esther Sung Kim
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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10
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Dot A, Bettega G, Lartizien R, Berger M, Henry M, Perriollat M, Coll JL, Planat-Chretien A. Chromophore reconstruction at depth in bilayered media: a method for quantification. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1279-1294. [PMID: 33796353 PMCID: PMC7984786 DOI: 10.1364/boe.401108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for deriving the absolute value of absorption coefficients at depth in bilayered media. The method was simplified from that of time-resolved diffuse optical tomography (TR-DOT) into one dimension to validate and set up the main parameters with the help of simulations, and to test it in an easy preclinical model. The method was applied to buried flaps as used in reconstructive surgery, and absolute chromophore concentrations in the flap and in the upper (skin and fat) layer were derived. The encouraging results obtained lay a foundation for developing more complex multidimensional models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Dot
- INSERM UGA U1209, Institute For Advanced Biosciences, F- 38700, Grenoble, France
| | - Georges Bettega
- Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, F- 74374, Pringy, France
| | - Rodolphe Lartizien
- INSERM UGA U1209, Institute For Advanced Biosciences, F- 38700, Grenoble, France
- Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, F- 74374, Pringy, France
| | - Michel Berger
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI, DTBS, LS2P, F- 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Henry
- INSERM UGA U1209, Institute For Advanced Biosciences, F- 38700, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Coll
- INSERM UGA U1209, Institute For Advanced Biosciences, F- 38700, Grenoble, France
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Zohdi H, Scholkmann F, Wolf U. Individual Differences in Hemodynamic Responses Measured on the Head Due to a Long-Term Stimulation Involving Colored Light Exposure and a Cognitive Task: A SPA-fNIRS Study. Brain Sci 2021; 11:54. [PMID: 33466405 PMCID: PMC7824905 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
When brain activity is measured by neuroimaging, the canonical hemodynamic response (increase in oxygenated hemoglobin ([O2Hb]) and decrease in deoxygenated hemoglobin ([HHb]) is not always seen in every subject. The reason for this intersubject-variability of the responses is still not completely understood. This study is performed with 32 healthy subjects, using the systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy (SPA-fNIRS) approach. We investigate the intersubject variability of hemodynamic and systemic physiological responses, due to a verbal fluency task (VFT) under colored light exposure (CLE; blue and red). Five and seven different hemodynamic response patterns were detected in the subgroup analysis of the blue and red light exposure, respectively. We also found that arterial oxygen saturation and mean arterial pressure were positively correlated with [O2Hb] at the prefrontal cortex during the CLE-VFT independent of the color of light and classification of the subjects. Our study finds that there is substantial intersubject-variability of cerebral hemodynamic responses, which is partially explained by subject-specific systemic physiological changes induced by the CLE-VFT. This means that both subgroup analyses and the additional assessment of systemic physiology are of crucial importance to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the effects of a CLE-VFT on human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamoon Zohdi
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (H.Z.); (F.S.)
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (H.Z.); (F.S.)
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Neonatology Research, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (H.Z.); (F.S.)
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12
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Zohdi H, Scholkmann F, Wolf U. Long-Term Blue Light Exposure Changes Frontal and Occipital Cerebral Hemodynamics: Not All Subjects React the Same. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1269:217-222. [PMID: 33966220 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48238-1_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In modern society, we are increasingly exposed to numerous sources of blue light, including screens (e.g., TVs, computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets) and light from fluorescent and LED lamps. Due to this wide range of applications, the effects of blue light exposure (BLE) on the human physiology need to be thoroughly studied. AIM To investigate the impact of long-term BLE on frontal and occipital human cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS 32 healthy right-handed subjects (20 females, 12 males; age: 23.8 ± 2.2 years) were exposed to blue LED light for 15 minutes. Before (baseline, 8 min) and after (recovery, 10 min) the BLE, subjects were in darkness. We measured the concentration changes of oxyhemoglobin ([O2Hb]) and deoxyhemoglobin ([HHb]) at the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and visual cortex (VC) by fNIRS during the experiment. Subjects were then classified into different groups based on their hemodynamic response pattern of [O2Hb] at the PFC and VC during BLE. RESULTS On the group level (32 subjects), we found an increase in [O2Hb] and a decrease in [HHb] at both cortices during BLE. Evoked changes of [O2Hb] were higher at the VC compared to the PFC. Eight different hemodynamic response patterns were detected in the subgroup analysis, while an increase of [O2Hb] in both cortices was the most common pattern (8 out of 32 cases, 25%) during BLE. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our study showed that the hemodynamic and oxygenation changes at the PFC and VC during BLE (i) were generally higher in the VC compared to the PFC, (ii) showed an intersubject variability with respect to their magnitudes and shapes, and (iii) can be classified into eight groups. We conclude that blue light affects humans differently. It is essential to consider this when assessing the impact of the BLE on society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamoon Zohdi
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland.,University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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13
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Zohdi H, Scholkmann F, Wolf U. Frontal cerebral oxygenation asymmetry: intersubject variability and dependence on systemic physiology, season, and time of day. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:025006. [PMID: 32607390 PMCID: PMC7310879 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.2.025006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Our study reveals that frontal cerebral oxygenation asymmetry (FCOA), i.e. a difference in the oxygenation between the right and left prefrontal cortex (PFC), is a real phenomenon in healthy human subjects at rest. Aim: To investigate FCOA, we performed a study with 134 healthy right-handed subjects with the systemic physiology augmented functional near infrared spectroscopy (SPA-fNIRS) approach. Approach: Subjects were measured 2 to 4 times on different days resulting in an unprecedented number of 518 single measurements of the absolute values of tissue oxygen saturation (StO 2 ) and total hemoglobin concentration ([tHb]) of the right and left PFC. Measurements were performed with frequency-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the cardiorespiratory parameters were measured simultaneously. Results: We found that (i) subjects showed an FCOA (higherStO 2 on the right PFC), but not for tHb; (ii) intrasubject variability was excellent for bothStO 2 and tHb, and fair for FCOA; (iii) StO 2 correlated significantly with bloodCO 2 concentration, [tHb] with heart rate, respiration rate (RR), and the pulse-respiration quotient (PRQ), and FCOA with RR and PRQ; (iv) FCOA andStO 2 were dependent on season and time of day, respectively; (v) FCOA was negatively correlated with the room temperature; and (vi) StO 2 and tHb were not correlated with the subjects mood but with their chronotype, whereas FCOA was not dependent on the chronotype. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that FCOA is real, and it provides unique insights into this remarkable phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamoon Zohdi
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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Baik SY, Kim JY, Choi J, Baek JY, Park Y, Kim Y, Jung M, Lee SH. Prefrontal Asymmetry during Cognitive Tasks and its Relationship with Suicide Ideation in Major Depressive Disorder: An fNIRS Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:E193. [PMID: 31731795 PMCID: PMC6963177 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9040193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced oxygenation changes in the prefrontal cortex during cognitive tasks have been reported in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, prefrontal asymmetry during cognitive tasks and its relation to suicide ideations have been less frequently examined in patients with MDD. This study investigated prefrontal asymmetry and its moderating effect on the relationship between depression severity and suicidal ideation in MDD patients during cognitive tasks. Forty-two patients with MDD and 64 healthy controls (HCs) were assessed for changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin (Hb) in the prefrontal cortex using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the verbal fluency task (VFT), Stroop task, and two-back task. Depression, anxiety, and suicide ideation were measured through self-report questionnaires. Relatively smaller left oxy-Hb changes during VFT, but not during the Stroop or two-back tasks, were found in MDD patients compared with HCs. Furthermore, prefrontal asymmetry during VFT moderated the effect of depression severity on suicide ideation, and was significantly and positively correlated with suicide ideation in patients with MDD. Specifically, relatively greater left oxy-Hb changes were associated with greater suicide ideation. These findings suggest fNIRS-measured prefrontal asymmetry as a potential biomarker for MDD and for the assessment of suicidal risk in patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Baik
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 411-706, Korea; (S.Y.B.)
| | - Jeong-Youn Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 411-706, Korea; (S.Y.B.)
| | | | | | - Yeonsoo Park
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 411-706, Korea; (S.Y.B.)
| | - Yourim Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 411-706, Korea; (S.Y.B.)
| | - Minjee Jung
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 411-706, Korea; (S.Y.B.)
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang 411-706, Korea; (S.Y.B.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang 411-706, Korea
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Bonetti LV, Hassan SA, Lau ST, Melo LT, Tanaka T, Patterson KK, Reid WD. Oxyhemoglobin changes in the prefrontal cortex in response to cognitive tasks: a systematic review. Int J Neurosci 2018; 129:195-203. [PMID: 30173620 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1518906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY the aim of this study was to synthesize PFC fNIRS outcomes on the effects of cognitive tasks compared to resting/baseline tasks in healthy adults from studies utilizing a pre/post design. MATERIAL AND METHODS original research studies were searched from seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PEDro and PubMed). Subsequently, two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts followed by full-text reviews to assess the studies' eligibility. RESULTS eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and had data abstracted and quality assessed. Methodology varied considerably and yet cognitive tasks resulted in the ΔO2Hb increasing in 8 of the 11 and ΔHHb decreasing in 8 of 8 studies that reported this outcome. The cognitive tasks from 10 of the 11 studies were classified as "Working Memory" and "Verbal Fluency Tasks". CONCLUSIONS although, the data comparison was challenging provided the heterogeneity in methodology, the results across studies were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Viçosa Bonetti
- a Department of Physical Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada.,b Department of Physical Therapy , Universidade de Caxias do Sul , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Syed A Hassan
- a Department of Physical Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada.,c Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Sin-Tung Lau
- d Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education , Wilfrid Laurier University , Waterloo , ON , Canada.,e Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - Luana T Melo
- a Department of Physical Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - Takako Tanaka
- a Department of Physical Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada.,f Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Science , Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Kara K Patterson
- a Department of Physical Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada.,c Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,e Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network , Toronto , ON , Canada
| | - W Darlene Reid
- a Department of Physical Therapy , University of Toronto , Toronto, ON , Canada.,c Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada.,e Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network , Toronto , ON , Canada.,g Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine , University of Toronto , Toronto , ON , Canada
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Giacalone G, Zanoletti M, Contini D, Re R, Spinelli L, Roveri L, Torricelli A. Cerebral time domain-NIRS: reproducibility analysis, optical properties, hemoglobin species and tissue oxygen saturation in a cohort of adult subjects. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:4987-5000. [PMID: 29188096 PMCID: PMC5695946 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The reproducibility of cerebral time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy (TD-NIRS) has not been investigated so far. Besides, reference intervals of cerebral optical properties, of absolute concentrations of deoxygenated-hemoglobin (HbR), oxygenated-hemoglobin (HbO), total hemoglobin (HbT) and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) and their variability have not been reported. We have addressed these issues on a sample of 88 adult healthy subjects. TD-NIRS measurements at 690, 785, 830 nm were fitted with the diffusion model for semi-infinite homogenous media. Reproducibility, performed on 3 measurements at 5 minutes intervals, ranges from 1.8 to 6.9% for each of the hemoglobin species. The mean ± SD global values of HbR, HbO, HbT, StO2 are respectively 24 ± 7 μM, 33.3 ± 9.5 μM, 57.4 ± 15.8 μM, 58 ± 4.2%. StO2 displays the narrowest range of variability across brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Giacalone
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Department, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- University “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Zanoletti
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Contini
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Rebecca Re
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spinelli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Roveri
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Neurology Department, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- University “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
| | - Alessandro Torricelli
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
- These authors contributed equally to this paper
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Kainerstorfer JM, Sassaroli A, Fantini S. Optical oximetry of volume-oscillating vascular compartments: contributions from oscillatory blood flow. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:101408. [PMID: 26926870 PMCID: PMC4772448 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.10.101408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a quantitative analysis of dynamic diffuse optical measurements to obtain oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in volume oscillating compartments. We used a phasor representation of oscillatory hemodynamics at the heart rate and respiration frequency to separate the oscillations of tissue concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (O) and deoxyhemoglobin (D) into components due to blood volume (subscript V V ) and blood flow (subscript F F ): O=O V +O F O=OV+OF , D=D V +D F D=DV+DF . This is achieved by setting the phase angle Arg(O F )−Arg(O) Arg(OF)−Arg(O) , which can be estimated by a hemodynamic model that we recently developed. We found this angle to be −72 deg −72 deg for the cardiac pulsation at 1 Hz, and −7 deg −7 deg for paced breathing at 0.1 Hz. Setting this angle, we can obtain the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin of the volume-oscillating vascular compartment, S V =|O V |/(|O V |+|D V |) SV=|OV|/(|OV|+|DV|) . We demonstrate this approach with cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy measurements on healthy volunteers at rest (n=4 n=4 ) and during 0.1 Hz paced breathing (n=3 n=3 ) with a 24-channel system. Rest data at the cardiac frequency were used to calculate the arterial saturation, S (a) S(a) ; over all subjects and channels, we found ⟨S V ⟩=⟨S (a) ⟩=0.96±0.02 ⟨SV⟩=⟨S(a)⟩=0.96±0.02 . In the case of paced breathing, we found ⟨S V ⟩=0.66±0.14 ⟨SV⟩=0.66±0.14 , which reflects venous-dominated hemodynamics at the respiratory frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana M. Kainerstorfer
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Jana M. Kainerstorfer, E-mail:
| | - Angelo Sassaroli
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Sergio Fantini
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Effects of Increasing Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Current Intensity on Cortical Sensorimotor Network Activation: A Time Domain fNIRS Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131951. [PMID: 26158464 PMCID: PMC4497661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies have shown neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)-evoked movements activate regions of the cortical sensorimotor network, including the primary sensorimotor cortex (SMC), premotor cortex (PMC), supplementary motor area (SMA), and secondary somatosensory area (S2), as well as regions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) known to be involved in pain processing. The aim of this study, on nine healthy subjects, was to compare the cortical network activation profile and pain ratings during NMES of the right forearm wrist extensor muscles at increasing current intensities up to and slightly over the individual maximal tolerated intensity (MTI), and with reference to voluntary (VOL) wrist extension movements. By exploiting the capability of the multi-channel time domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy technique to relate depth information to the photon time-of-flight, the cortical and superficial oxygenated (O2Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin concentrations were estimated. The O2Hb and HHb maps obtained using the General Linear Model (NIRS-SPM) analysis method, showed that the VOL and NMES-evoked movements significantly increased activation (i.e., increase in O2Hb and corresponding decrease in HHb) in the cortical layer of the contralateral sensorimotor network (SMC, PMC/SMA, and S2). However, the level and area of contralateral sensorimotor network (including PFC) activation was significantly greater for NMES than VOL. Furthermore, there was greater bilateral sensorimotor network activation with the high NMES current intensities which corresponded with increased pain ratings. In conclusion, our findings suggest that greater bilateral sensorimotor network activation profile with high NMES current intensities could be in part attributable to increased attentional/pain processing and to increased bilateral sensorimotor integration in these cortical regions.
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Weyand S, Takehara-Nishiuchi K, Chau T. Weaning Off Mental Tasks to Achieve Voluntary Self-Regulatory Control of a Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Brain-Computer Interface. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2015; 23:548-61. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2015.2399392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Weyand S, Schudlo L, Takehara-Nishiuchi K, Chau T. Usability and performance-informed selection of personalized mental tasks for an online near-infrared spectroscopy brain-computer interface. NEUROPHOTONICS 2015; 2:025001. [PMID: 26158005 PMCID: PMC4478988 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.2.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow individuals to use only cognitive activities to interact with their environment. The widespread use of BCIs is limited, due in part to their lack of user-friendliness. The main goal of this work was to develop a more user-centered BCI and determine if: (1) individuals can acquire control of an online near-infrared spectroscopy BCI via usability and performance-informed selection of mental tasks without compromising classification accuracy and (2) the combination of usability and performance-informed selection of mental tasks yields subjective ease-of-use ratings that exceed those attainable with prescribed mental tasks. Twenty able-bodied participants were recruited. Half of the participants served as a control group, using the state-of-the-art prescribed mental strategies. The other half of the participants comprised the study group, choosing their own personalized mental strategies out of eleven possible tasks. It was concluded that users were, in fact, able to acquire control of the more user-centered BCI without a significant change in accuracy compared to the prescribed task BCI. Furthermore, the personalized BCI yielded higher subjective ease-of-use ratings than the prescribed BCI. Average online accuracies of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were achieved by the personalized and prescribed mental task groups, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Weyand
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1R8, Canada
- University of Toronto, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Larissa Schudlo
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1R8, Canada
- University of Toronto, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | | | - Tom Chau
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1R8, Canada
- University of Toronto, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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21
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Kainerstorfer JM, Sassaroli A, Hallacoglu B, Pierro ML, Fantini S. Practical steps for applying a new dynamic model to near-infrared spectroscopy measurements of hemodynamic oscillations and transient changes: implications for cerebrovascular and functional brain studies. Acad Radiol 2014; 21:185-96. [PMID: 24439332 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Perturbations in cerebral blood volume (CBV), blood flow (CBF), and metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) lead to associated changes in tissue concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin (ΔO and ΔD), which can be measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). A novel hemodynamic model has been introduced to relate physiological perturbations and measured quantities. We seek to use this model to determine functional traces of cbv(t) and cbf(t) - cmro2(t) from time-varying NIRS data, and cerebrovascular physiological parameters from oscillatory NIRS data (lowercase letters denote the relative changes in CBV, CBF, and CMRO2 with respect to baseline). Such a practical implementation of a quantitative hemodynamic model is an important step toward the clinical translation of NIRS. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the time domain, we have simulated O(t) and D(t) traces induced by cerebral activation. In the frequency domain, we have performed a new analysis of frequency-resolved measurements of cerebral hemodynamic oscillations during a paced breathing paradigm. RESULTS We have demonstrated that cbv(t) and cbf(t) - cmro2(t) can be reliably obtained from O(t) and D(t) using the model, and that the functional NIRS signals are delayed with respect to cbf(t) - cmro2(t) as a result of the blood transit time in the microvasculature. In the frequency domain, we have identified physiological parameters (e.g., blood transit time, cutoff frequency of autoregulation) that can be measured by frequency-resolved measurements of hemodynamic oscillations. CONCLUSIONS The ability to perform noninvasive measurements of cerebrovascular parameters has far-reaching clinical implications. Functional brain studies rely on measurements of CBV, CBF, and CMRO2, whereas the diagnosis and assessment of neurovascular disorders, traumatic brain injury, and stroke would benefit from measurements of local cerebral hemodynamics and autoregulation.
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22
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Torricelli A, Contini D, Pifferi A, Caffini M, Re R, Zucchelli L, Spinelli L. Time domain functional NIRS imaging for human brain mapping. Neuroimage 2014; 85 Pt 1:28-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Hwang HJ, Lim JH, Kim DW, Im CH. Evaluation of various mental task combinations for near-infrared spectroscopy-based brain-computer interfaces. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:77005. [PMID: 25036216 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.7.077005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A number of recent studies have demonstrated that near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a promisingneuroimaging modality for brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). So far, most NIRS-based BCI studies have focusedon enhancing the accuracy of the classification of different mental tasks. In the present study, we evaluated theperformances of a variety of mental task combinations in order to determine the mental task pairs that are bestsuited for customized NIRS-based BCIs. To this end, we recorded event-related hemodynamic responses whileseven participants performed eight different mental tasks. Classification accuracies were then estimated for allpossible pairs of the eight mental tasks (8C2 = 28). Based on this analysis, mental task combinations with relatively high classification accuracies frequently included the following three mental tasks: “mental multiplication,” “mental rotation,” and “right-hand motor imagery.” Specifically, mental task combinations consisting of two of these three mental tasks showed the highest mean classification accuracies. It is expected that our results will be a useful reference to reduce the time needed for preliminary tests when discovering individual-specific mental task combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Jeong Hwang
- Hanyang University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul 133-791, Republic of KoreabBerlin Institute of Technology, Machine Learning Group, Marchstrasse 23, Berlin 10587, Germany
| | - Jeong-Hwan Lim
- Hanyang University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Won Kim
- Hanyang University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Im
- Hanyang University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
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Tanida1 M, Sakatani K, Tsujii T. Relation between working memory performance and evoked cerebral blood oxygenation changes in the prefrontal cortex evaluated by quantitative time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy. Neurol Res 2013; 34:114-9. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132811y.0000000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaoru Sakatani
- Department of Neurological SurgeryDivision of Optical Brain Engineering, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Tsujii
- Department of Neurological SurgeryDivision of Optical Brain Engineering, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Caliandro P, Silvestri G, Padua L, Bianchi MLE, Simbolotti C, Russo G, Masciullo M, Rossini PM. fNIRS evaluation during a phonemic verbal task reveals prefrontal hypometabolism in patients affected by myotonic dystrophy type 1. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:2269-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Power SD, Chau T. Automatic single-trial classification of prefrontal hemodynamic activity in an individual with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Dev Neurorehabil 2013; 16:67-72. [PMID: 23030232 DOI: 10.3109/17518423.2012.718293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow users to control external devices via brain activity alone, circumventing the somatic nervous system and the need for overt movement. Essential to BCI development is the ability to accurately detect and classify patterns of activation associated with different mental tasks. Here, we investigate the ability to automatically distinguish a mental arithmetic (MA) task from a natural baseline state in an individual with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) using signals acquired via multichannel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Using dual-wavelength NIRS, we interrogated nine sites around the frontopolar locations while the individual performed MA to answer multiple-choice questions within a system-paced paradigm. An encouraging overall classification accuracy of 71.1% was obtained, which is comparable to the average accuracy we previously reported for healthy individuals performing the same task. This result demonstrates the potential of NIRS-BCI based on task-induced prefrontal activity for use by individuals with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dianne Power
- University of Toronto, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, Canada
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Faress A, Chau T. Towards a multimodal brain-computer interface: combining fNIRS and fTCD measurements to enable higher classification accuracy. Neuroimage 2013; 77:186-94. [PMID: 23541802 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous brain-computer interface (BCI) research has largely focused on single neuroimaging modalities such as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) or transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD). However, multimodal brain-computer interfaces, which combine signals from different brain modalities, have been suggested as a potential means of improving the accuracy of BCI systems. In this paper, we compare the classification accuracies attainable using NIRS signals alone, TCD signals alone, and a combination of NIRS and TCD signals. Nine able-bodied subjects (mean age=25.7) were recruited and simultaneous measurements were made with NIRS and TCD instruments while participants were prompted to perform a verbal fluency task or to remain at rest, within the context of a block-stimulus paradigm. Using Linear Discriminant Analysis, the verbal fluency task was classified at mean accuracies of 76.1±9.9%, 79.4±10.3%, and 86.5±6.0% using NIRS, TCD, and NIRS-TCD systems respectively. In five of nine participants, classification accuracies with the NIRS-TCD system were significantly higher (p<0.05) than with NIRS or TCD systems alone. Our results suggest that multimodal neuroimaging may be a promising method of improving the accuracy of future brain-computer interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Faress
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Rd., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
The standard flight level for commercial airliners is ∼12 km (40 kft; air pressure: ∼ 200 hPa), the maximum certification altitude of modern airliners may be as high as 43-45 kft. Loss of structural integrity of an airplane may result in sudden depressurization of the cabin potentially leading to hypoxia with loss of consciousness of the pilots. Specialized breathing masks supply the pilots with oxygen. The aim of this study was to experimentally simulate such sudden depressurization to maximum design altitude in a pressure chamber while measuring the arterial and brain oxygenation saturation (SaO(2) and StO(2)) of the pilots. Ten healthy subjects with a median age of 50 (range 29-70) years were placed in a pressure chamber, breathing air from a cockpit mask. Pressure was reduced from 753 to 148 hPa within 20 s, and the test mask was switched to pure O(2) within 2 s after initiation of depressurization. During the whole procedure SaO(2) and StO(2) were measured by pulse oximetry, respectively near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS; in-house built prototype) of the left frontal cortex. During the depressurization the SaO(2) dropped from median 93% (range 91-98%) to 78% (62-92%) by 16% (6-30%), while StO(2) decreased from 62% (47-67%) to 57% (43-62%) by 5% (3-14%). Considerable drops in oxygenation were observed during sudden depressurization. The inter-subject variability was high, for SaO(2) depending on the subjects' ability to preoxygenate before the depressurization. The drop in StO(2) was lower than the one in SaO(2) maybe due to compensation in blood flow.
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Bisconti S, Di Sante G, Ferrari M, Quaresima V. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy reveals heterogeneous patterns of language lateralization over frontopolar cortex. Neurosci Res 2012; 73:328-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hallacoglu B, Sassaroli A, Wysocki M, Guerrero-Berroa E, Schnaider Beeri M, Haroutunian V, Shaul M, Rosenberg IH, Troen AM, Fantini S. Absolute measurement of cerebral optical coefficients, hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation in old and young adults with near-infrared spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:081406-1. [PMID: 23224167 PMCID: PMC3412596 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.8.081406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present near-infrared spectroscopy measurement of absolute cerebral hemoglobin concentration and saturation in a large sample of 36 healthy elderly (mean age, 85 ± 6 years) and 19 young adults (mean age, 28 ± 4 years). Non-invasive measurements were obtained on the forehead using a commercially available multi-distance frequency-domain system and analyzed using a diffusion theory model for a semi-infinite, homogeneous medium with semi-infinite boundary conditions. Our study included repeat measurements, taken five months apart, on 16 elderly volunteers that demonstrate intra-subject reproducibility of the absolute measurements with cross-correlation coefficients of 0.9 for absorption coefficient (μa), oxy-hemoglobin concentration ([HbO2]), and total hemoglobin concentration ([HbT]), 0.7 for deoxy-hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]), 0.8 for hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO2), and 0.7 for reduced scattering coefficient (μ's). We found significant differences between the two age groups. Compared to young subjects, elderly subjects had lower cerebral [HbO2], [Hb], [HbT], and StO2 by 10 ± 4 μM, 4 ± 3 μM, 14 ± 5 μM, and 6%±5%, respectively. Our results demonstrate the reliability and robustness of multi-distance near-infrared spectroscopy measurements based on a homogeneous model in the human forehead on a large sample of human subjects. Absolute, non-invasive optical measurements on the brain, such as those presented here, can significantly advance the development of NIRS technology as a tool for monitoring resting/basal cerebral perfusion, hemodynamics, oxygenation, and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertan Hallacoglu
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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31
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Kahlaoui K, Di Sante G, Barbeau J, Maheux M, Lesage F, Ska B, Joanette Y. Contribution of NIRS to the study of prefrontal cortex for verbal fluency in aging. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2012; 121:164-173. [PMID: 22285026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Healthy aging is characterized by a number of changes on brain structure and function. Several neuroimaging studies have shown an age-related reduction in hemispheric asymmetry on various cognitive tasks, a phenomenon captured by Cabeza (2002) in the Hemispheric Asymmetry Reduction in Older Adults (HAROLD) model. Although this phenomenon is supported by a range of neuroimaging data on memory and inhibitory processes, there is little evidence concerning changes in hemispheric asymmetry for language processing, and particularly word retrieval, which is assessed with verbal fluency task (VFT). This study aimed to investigate the age-related changes in cerebral oxygenation in the prefrontal cortex for both letter and category VFT, varying the complexity of the criteria (i.e., degree of productivity) and using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Sixteen younger and 16 older adults participated in this study. For both VF conditions, participants were instructed to pronounce as many nouns as possible as a function of high-productivity (e.g., "animals" or "L") or low-productivity (e.g., "flowers" or "V") criteria. Behavioral data (i.e., accuracy responses) showed comparable performance in younger and older adults for both VF conditions. However, NIRS data showed more reduced activation (i.e., significantly reduced increase in [O(2)Hb] and reduced decrease in [HHb]) in older than younger adults for both VFT. In addition, a bilateral effect was found for both groups, suggesting that VFT requires both executive and language functions. The results are discussed in the context of the current theories of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Kahlaoui
- Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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32
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Scherer LC, Fonseca RP, Giroux F, Senhadji N, Marcotte K, Tomitch LMB, Benali H, Lesage F, Ska B, Joanette Y. Neurofunctional (re)organization underlying narrative discourse processing in aging: evidence from fNIRS. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2012; 121:174-184. [PMID: 22099970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Relatively few studies have analyzed the mechanisms underlying the cognitive changes that affect language in the elderly, and fewer have done so for narrative discourse. The goal of this study was to explore the neurofunctional changes associated with aging for different components of narrative discourse. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and behavioral data on 10 younger adults and 10 healthy elderly participants were collected. Ten younger adults in a non-proficient second language condition were included to explore the possibility that the age-related neurofunctional reorganization partly expresses demanding resource allocation. Results show within- and across-hemispheric differences in the neurofunctional pattern of activation in the older participants with reference to the younger ones, partially shared with the low-proficiency young adults, providing support for the recognized mechanisms underlying neural reserve and compensation. fNIRS was shown to be appropriate for studying the age-related neurofunctional reorganization of complex cognitive abilities.
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Wallois F, Mahmoudzadeh M, Patil A, Grebe R. Usefulness of simultaneous EEG-NIRS recording in language studies. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2012; 121:110-23. [PMID: 21546072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
One of the most challenging tasks in neuroscience in language studies, is investigation of the brain's ability to integrate and process information. This task can only be successfully addressed by applying various assessment techniques integrated into a multimodal approach. Each of these techniques has its advantages and disadvantages, but help to elucidate certain aspects of the capacity of neural networks to process information. These methods provide information about changes in electrical, hemodynamic and metabolic activities. Ideally, they should be noninvasive in order to facilitate their use particularly in children. In the present review, we describe the advantages of simultaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) acquisition with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in cerebral activation. This coregistration is also useful to avoid misleading interpretation of NIRS, notably during the various phases of sleep. Development and implementation of the various tools required and assessment strategies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wallois
- GRAMFC, EA4293, Research Group on Functional Cerebral Multimodal Analysis, Faculty of Medecine, 3 rue des Louvels, 80036 Amiens, France.
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Molteni E, Contini D, Caffini M, Baselli G, Spinelli L, Cubeddu R, Cerutti S, Bianchi AM, Torricelli A. Load-dependent brain activation assessed by time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy during a working memory task with graded levels of difficulty. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:056005. [PMID: 22612128 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.5.056005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated frontal brain activation during a mixed attentional/working memory task with graded levels of difficulty in a group of 19 healthy subjects, by means of time-domain functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Brain activation was assessed, and load-related oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin changes were studied. Generalized linear model (GLM) was applied to the data to explore the metabolic processes occurring during the mental effort and, possibly, their involvement in short-term memorization. GLM was applied to the data twice: for modeling the task as a whole and for specifically investigating brain activation at each cognitive load. This twofold employment of GLM allowed (1) the extraction and isolation of different information from the same signals, obtained through the modeling of different cognitive categories (sustained attention and working memory), and (2) the evaluation of model fitness, by inspection and comparison of residuals (i.e., unmodeled part of the signal) obtained in the two different cases. Results attest to the presence of a persistent attentional-related metabolic activity, superimposed to a task-related mnemonic contribution. Some hemispherical differences have also been highlighted frontally: deoxy-hemoglobin changes manifested a strong right lateralization, whereas modifications in oxy- and total hemoglobin showed a medial localization. The present work successfully explored the capability of fNIRS to detect the two neurophysiological categories under investigation and distinguish their activation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Molteni
- Dipartimento di Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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35
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Ferrari M, Quaresima V. A brief review on the history of human functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) development and fields of application. Neuroimage 2012; 63:921-35. [PMID: 22510258 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1077] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is aimed at celebrating the upcoming 20th anniversary of the birth of human functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). After the discovery in 1992 that the functional activation of the human cerebral cortex (due to oxygenation and hemodynamic changes) can be explored by NIRS, human functional brain mapping research has gained a new dimension. fNIRS or optical topography, or near-infrared imaging or diffuse optical imaging is used mainly to detect simultaneous changes in optical properties of the human cortex from multiple measurement sites and displays the results in the form of a map or image over a specific area. In order to place current fNIRS research in its proper context, this paper presents a brief historical overview of the events that have shaped the present status of fNIRS. In particular, technological progresses of fNIRS are highlighted (i.e., from single-site to multi-site functional cortical measurements (images)), introduction of the commercial multi-channel systems, recent commercial wireless instrumentation and more advanced prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ferrari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
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36
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Sakatani K. Optical Diagnosis of Mental Stress: Review. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 737:89-95. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-1566-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Shibuya K. The activity of the primary motor cortex ipsilateral to the exercising hand decreases during repetitive handgrip exercise. Physiol Meas 2011; 32:1929-39. [PMID: 22048722 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/32/12/004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The brain function controlling muscle force production is not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to examine bilateral primary motor cortex (M1) oxygenation during static-handgrip exercises performed with the right hand (60% maximal voluntary contraction; 10 s exercise/75 s rest; five sets). Twelve healthy, right-handed male subjects participated in this study. Near-infrared spectroscopy probes were positioned over the bilateral M1 to measure cortical oxygenation during handgrip exercises. The maximum values of the changes in concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (HbO(2)) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) across the trials (i) did not change significantly during the contralateral M1 activation (p > 0.05), whereas (ii) in the case of the ipsilateral M1 activation a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in HbO(2) and a significant (p < 0.01) decrease in Hb could be measured. The activation in ipsilateral M1 at the fifth trial was significantly decreased compared with that in the first trial (HbO(2): p < 0.001; Hb: p < 0.001). The present results suggest that the ipsilateral M1 is recruited during the motor task in compensation for the contralateral M1 and the habituation to motor task might alter the efficiency for interaction of the ipsilateral M1 to the contralateral M1. The interhemispheric interaction might change due to habituation to motor task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Shibuya
- Center for General Education, Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Koenraadt KLM, Munneke MAM, Duysens J, Keijsers NLW. TMS: a navigator for NIRS of the primary motor cortex? J Neurosci Methods 2011; 201:142-8. [PMID: 21835198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive optical imaging technique, which is increasingly used to measure hemodynamic responses in the motor cortex. The location at which the NIRS optodes are placed on the skull is a major factor in measuring the hemodynamic responses optimally. In this study, the validity of using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in combination with a 3D motion analysis system to relocate the TMS derived position was tested. In addition, the main goal was to quantify the advantage of using TMS to locate the optimal position in relation to the most commonly used EEG C3 position. Markers were placed on the TMS coil and on the head of the subject. In eleven subjects, a TMS measurement was performed to determine the individual motor-evoked potential center-of-gravity (MEP-CoG). This procedure was repeated in nine subjects to test the validity. Subsequently, hemodynamic responses were measured at the MEP-CoG position and at the C3 position during a thumb abduction and adduction task. On average, the MEP-CoG location was located 19.2mm away from the C3 position. The reproducibility study on the MEP-CoG relocation procedure revealed no systematic relocations. No differences in early and delayed hemodynamic responses were found between the C3 and MEP-CoG position. These results indicate that using TMS for NIRS optodes positioning on the motor cortex does not result in higher hemodynamic response amplitudes. This could be explained if NIRS and TMS assess slightly different functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L M Koenraadt
- Sint Maartenskliniek Nijmegen, Department of Research, Development, and Education, PO Box 9011, 6500 GM Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Nakamura H, Iwamoto M, Washida K, Sekine K, Takase M, Park BJ, Morikawa T, Miyazaki Y. Influences of casein hydrolysate ingestion on cerebral activity, autonomic nerve activity, and anxiety. J Physiol Anthropol 2010; 29:103-8. [PMID: 20558968 DOI: 10.2114/jpa2.29.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the influences of the oral ingestion of casein hydrolysate from bovine milk at rest physiologically and psychologically. Eleven male university students were given a casein hydrolysate drink (H) or a maltitol drink as a control (C) in a crossover study. Just before and one hour after ingestion of each drink, the total-hemoglobin (tHb) concentrations at ten points of the prefrontal cortex to evaluate cerebral activity, and heart rate variability (HRV) to evaluate autonomic nerve activity through spectral analysis were measured as physiological indicators. The Japanese version of the State--Trait Anxiety Inventory--state anxiety (STAI-s) score was also used, as a psychological indicator. In comparison between H and C ingestion, a significant difference is observed only in tHb concentrations at one of ten points. At this point, the change in tHb concentration was lower after H ingestion compared to C ingestion. And in comparison between before and after ingestion of each drink, a significant increase in tHb concentration at two points after C ingestion, a significant increase in parasympathetic activity and decrease in sympathetic activity after H ingestion, and a significant decrease in STAI-s score in H ingestion were observed. These results suggest that ingestion of the casein hydrolysate may keep prefrontal cortex activity stable while maltitol ingestion partially increases the activity. Moreover, there is a possibility that casein hydrolysate might decrease sympathetic activity, increase parasympathetic activity, and lower anxiety. We conclude that the bovine milk casein hydrolysate may have more relaxing effects than maltitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirohiko Nakamura
- Nutritional Science Laboratory, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Zama, Kanagawa, Japan.
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40
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Yokose N, Sakatani K, Murata Y, Awano T, Igarashi T, Nakamura S, Hoshino T, Katayama Y. Bedside Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Oxygenation and Hemodynamics after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage by Quantitative Time-Resolved Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. World Neurosurg 2010; 73:508-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2010.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Power SD, Falk TH, Chau T. Classification of prefrontal activity due to mental arithmetic and music imagery using hidden Markov models and frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy. J Neural Eng 2010; 7:26002. [PMID: 20168001 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/7/2/026002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has recently been investigated as a non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI). In particular, previous research has shown that NIRS signals recorded from the motor cortex during left- and right-hand imagery can be distinguished, providing a basis for a two-choice NIRS-BCI. In this study, we investigated the feasibility of an alternative two-choice NIRS-BCI paradigm based on the classification of prefrontal activity due to two cognitive tasks, specifically mental arithmetic and music imagery. Deploying a dual-wavelength frequency domain near-infrared spectrometer, we interrogated nine sites around the frontopolar locations (International 10-20 System) while ten able-bodied adults performed mental arithmetic and music imagery within a synchronous shape-matching paradigm. With the 18 filtered AC signals, we created task- and subject-specific maximum likelihood classifiers using hidden Markov models. Mental arithmetic and music imagery were classified with an average accuracy of 77.2% +/- 7.0 across participants, with all participants significantly exceeding chance accuracies. The results suggest the potential of a two-choice NIRS-BCI based on cognitive rather than motor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah D Power
- Bloorview Research Institute, Bloorview Kids Rehab, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Shalinsky MH, Kovelman I, Berens MS, Petitto LA. Exploring Cognitive Functions in Babies, Children & Adults with Near Infrared Spectroscopy. J Vis Exp 2009:1268. [PMID: 19638948 PMCID: PMC2780028 DOI: 10.3791/1268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
An explosion of functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies investigating cortical activation in relation to higher cognitive processes, such as language, memory, and attention is underway worldwide involving adults, children and infants with typical and atypical cognition. The contemporary challenge of using fNIRS for cognitive neuroscience is to achieve systematic analyses of data such that they are universally interpretable, and thus may advance important scientific questions about the functional organization and neural systems underlying human higher cognition. Existing neuroimaging technologies have either less robust temporal or spatial resolution. Event Related Potentials and Magneto Encephalography (ERP and MEG) have excellent temporal resolution, whereas Positron Emission Tomography and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (PET and fMRI) have better spatial resolution. Using non-ionizing wavelengths of light in the near-infrared range (700-1000 nm), where oxy-hemoglobin is preferentially absorbed by 680 nm and deoxy-hemoglobin is preferentially absorbed by 830 nm (e.g., indeed, the very wavelengths hardwired into the fNIRS Hitachi ETG-400 system illustrated here), fNIRS is well suited for studies of higher cognition because it has both good temporal resolution (approximately 5s) without the use of radiation and good spatial resolution (approximately 4 cm depth), and does not require participants to be in an enclosed structure. Participants cortical activity can be assessed while comfortably seated in an ordinary chair (adults, children) or even seated in mom s lap (infants). Notably, NIRS is uniquely portable (the size of a desktop computer), virtually silent, and can tolerate a participants subtle movement. This is particularly outstanding for the neural study of human language, which necessarily has as one of its key components the movement of the mouth in speech production or the hands in sign language. The way in which the hemodynamic response is localized is by an array of laser emitters and detectors. Emitters emit a known intensity of non-ionizing light while detectors detect the amount reflected back from the cortical surface. The closer together the optodes, the greater the spatial resolution, whereas the further apart the optodes, the greater depth of penetration. For the fNIRS Hitachi ETG-4000 system optimal penetration / resolution the optode array is set to 2cm. Our goal is to demonstrate our method of acquiring and analyzing fNIRS data to help standardize the field and enable different fNIRS labs worldwide to have a common background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Shalinsky
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Quaresima V, Giosuè P, Roncone R, Casacchia M, Ferrari M. Prefrontal cortex dysfunction during cognitive tests evidenced by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Psychiatry Res 2009; 171:252-7. [PMID: 19230624 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Revised: 01/30/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Prefrontal cortex oxygenation changes in response to a verbal fluency task and a visual spatial working memory task were investigated by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) on nine patients with schizophrenia. Four patients were reactive to both tests; five reactive to only one of the two tests, suggesting the importance of reporting fNIRS results for each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Quaresima
- DeparDepartment of Health Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio (Loc. Coppito), 67100 L'Aquila, Italy.
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Kek KJ, Kibe R, Niwayama M, Kudo N, Yamamoto K. Optical imaging instrument for muscle oxygenation based on spatially resolved spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:18173-87. [PMID: 18958095 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.018173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
An imaging instrument based on spatially resolved spectroscopy that enables temporal and spatial analyses of muscle oxygenation was designed. The instrument is portable and can be connected to 32 compact and separate-type optical probes. Its measurement accuracy of O(2) saturation and hemoglobin concentration was evaluated using a tissue-equivalent phantom. Imaging and multi-point measurements of tissue oxygen saturation (S(t)O(2)) in the quadriceps muscle were also performed, and dynamic changes in S(t)O(2) in response to increase in exercise intensity (within the rectus femoris region) and variation in exercise protocol (among the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis and vastus medialis) were clearly shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khai Jun Kek
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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45
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Bauernfeind G, Leeb R, Wriessnegger SC, Pfurtscheller G. Development, set-up and first results for a one-channel near-infrared spectroscopy system / Entwicklung, Aufbau und vorläufige Ergebnisse eines Einkanal- Nahinfrarot-Spektroskopie-Systems. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2008; 53:36-43. [PMID: 18251709 DOI: 10.1515/bmt.2008.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Günther Bauernfeind
- Laboratory of Brain-Computer Interfaces, Institute for Knowledge Discovery, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
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Merzagora AC, Ruocco AC, Chute D, Izzetoglu M, Onaral B, Schultheis MT. The impact of ablated cortex on the validity and interpretation of the fNIRS signal. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2008; 2008:4028-4031. [PMID: 19163596 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4650093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a safe and portable brain imaging modality that monitors changes in the hemodynamic activity at the cortical level. Although still in its emerging stage, fNIRS has recently gained increasing acknowledgements of its strengths and suitability for many clinical applications. The fast evolution and growth of fNIRS applications has been made possible mainly by studies that substantiate the general validity of the fNIRS measures. Such studies investigate both the fNIRS construct, by cross-validating it with fMRI, and the repeatability of fNIRS measures.Nonetheless, cases exist that would pose a challenge forfNIRS measures of cortical activation. In particular, violations of the assumptions made on the optical properties of the sampled tissue would affect some variables included in the modified Beer-Lambert law (mBBL), which allows conversion of the changes in measured light intensity into changes in the oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations. These violations would therefore reflect on the fNIRS readings and on the way data are interpreted. The aim of this paper is to present an example of such challenging situations. The case presented is a subject whose left frontal lobe cortex has been partially ablated following a subdural hematoma. fNIRS measures were recorded during a verbal fluency task, known to be associated to functioning of the left frontal lobe. We examine the outcome of fNIRS, contextualizing it in the framework of the mBLL and its assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caterina Merzagora
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Minagawa-Kawai Y, Mori K, Hebden JC, Dupoux E. Optical imaging of infants' neurocognitive development: Recent advances and perspectives. Dev Neurobiol 2008; 68:712-28. [DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Schecklmann M, Ehlis AC, Plichta MM, Boutter HK, Metzger FG, Fallgatter AJ. Altered frontal brain oxygenation in detoxified alcohol dependent patients with unaffected verbal fluency performance. Psychiatry Res 2007; 156:129-38. [PMID: 17888635 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2007.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite prominent prefrontal deficits and alterations in anatomy, neurophysiology, and neuropsychology after long-term alcohol consumption in alcohol dependent patients, only a few investigations of functional brain activity have been published. Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), we examined the concentration changes in oxygenated (O(2)Hb) and deoxygenated (HHb) haemoglobin in 17 right-handed alcohol dependent patients after detoxification and 17 matched healthy controls during a verbal fluency task. Alcohol dependent patients were characterized by normal behavioural performance (number of words produced) and physiological activation patterns (increase of O(2)Hb and decrease of HHb) over frontotemporal regions during phonological and semantical verbal fluency. However, the degree of activation was diminished (lower magnitude of oxygenation) and the localization of the activation was more restricted to inferior frontal areas as compared with the healthy participants. fNIRS is a sensitive and valid method, to detect alterations in brain functioning in clinical groups like alcohol dependent patients. Altered prefrontal functional brain activation during verbal fluency in alcohol dependent patients in a detoxified state may precede behavioural or cognitive alterations with a later onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schecklmann
- University of Wuerzburg, Laboratory for Psychophysiology and Functional Imaging, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Mudra R, Nadler A, Keller E, Niederer P. Analysis of near-infrared spectroscopy and indocyanine green dye dilution with Monte Carlo simulation of light propagation in the adult brain. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2006; 11:044009. [PMID: 16965166 DOI: 10.1117/1.2341652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with indocyanine green (ICG) dilution is applied externally on the head to determine the cerebral hemodynamics of neurointensive care patients. We applied Monte Carlo simulation for the analysis of a number of problems associated with this method. First, the contamination of the optical density (OD) signal due to the extracerebral tissue was assessed. Second, the measured OD signal depends essentially on the relative blood content (with respect to its absorption) in the various transilluminated tissues. To take this into account, we weighted the calculated densities of the photon distribution under baseline conditions within the different tissues with the changes and aberration of the relative blood volumes that are typically observed under healthy and pathologic conditions. Third, in case of NIRS ICG dye dilution, an ICG bolus replaces part of the blood such that a transient change of absorption in the brain tissues occurs that can be recorded in the OD signal. Our results indicate that for an exchange fraction of Delta=30% of the relative blood volume within the intracerebral tissue, the OD signal is determined from 64 to 74% by the gray matter and between 8 to 16% by the white matter maximally for a distance of d=4.5 cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mudra
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zürich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Sakatani K, Yamashita D, Yamanaka T, Oda M, Yamashita Y, Hoshino T, Fujiwara N, Murata Y, Katayama Y. Changes of cerebral blood oxygenation and optical pathlength during activation and deactivation in the prefrontal cortex measured by time-resolved near infrared spectroscopy. Life Sci 2006; 78:2734-41. [PMID: 16360709 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2005.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To determine the alterations in optical characteristics and cerebral blood oxygenation (CBO) during activation and deactivation, we evaluated the changes in mean optical pathlength (MOP) and CBO induced by a verbal fluency task (VFT) and driving simulation in the right and left prefrontal cortex (PFC), employing a newly developed time-resolved near infrared spectroscopy, which allows quantitative measurements of the evoked-CBO changes by determining the MOP with a sampling time of 1 s. The results demonstrated differences in MOP in the foreheads with the subjects and wavelength; however, there was no significant difference between the right and left foreheads (p > 0.05). Also, both the VFT and driving simulation task did not affect the MOP significantly as compared to that before the tasks (p > 0.05). In the bilateral PFCs, the VFT caused increases of oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin associated with a decrease of deoxyhemoglobin, while the driving simulation task caused decreases of oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin associated with an increase of deoxyhemoglobin; there were no significant differences in evoked-CBO changes between the right and left PFC. The present results will be useful for quantitative measurement of hemodynamic changes during activation and deactivation in the adults by near infrared spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Sakatani
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Japan.
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