1
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Stratigraphy of Fresco Paintings: A New Approach with Photoacoustic and SORS Imaging. J Imaging 2023; 9:jimaging9010016. [PMID: 36662114 PMCID: PMC9862108 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a novel, powerful diagnostic technique utilized in different research fields. In particular, during recent years it has found several applications in Cultural Heritage (CH) diagnostics. PA imaging can be realized in transmittance or epi-illumination (reflectance) modes, obtaining variable levels of contrast and spatial resolution. In this work, we confirmed the applicability of the PA technique as a powerful tool for the imaging of one of the most challenging artwork objects, namely fresco wall paints, to obtain precise stratigraphic profiles in different layered fresco samples. In this regard, we studied some multi-layered fragments of the vault of San Giuseppe Church in Cagliari (1870 AD) and some mock-ups realized specifically to test the potentiality of this technique. Due to complex structures of the frescoes, we used the Spatially Off-set Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) technique to provide complementary information. The experimental results were in agreement for both techniques, even for the three-layered complex structure, and were confirmed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of cross-sections. The combined use of these two techniques proved useful to investigate detailed hidden information on the fresco samples.
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2
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Hilzenrat G, Gill ET, McArthur SL. Imaging approaches for monitoring three-dimensional cell and tissue culture systems. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100380. [PMID: 35357086 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The past decade has seen an increasing demand for more complex, reproducible and physiologically relevant tissue cultures that can mimic the structural and biological features of living tissues. Monitoring the viability, development and responses of such tissues in real-time are challenging due to the complexities of cell culture physical characteristics and the environments in which these cultures need to be maintained in. Significant developments in optics, such as optical manipulation, improved detection and data analysis, have made optical imaging a preferred choice for many three-dimensional (3D) cell culture monitoring applications. The aim of this review is to discuss the challenges associated with imaging and monitoring 3D tissues and cell culture, and highlight topical label-free imaging tools that enable bioengineers and biophysicists to non-invasively characterise engineered living tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geva Hilzenrat
- Bioengineering Engineering Group, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma T Gill
- Bioengineering Engineering Group, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sally L McArthur
- Bioengineering Engineering Group, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Biomedical Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Li L, Hsu H, Verkhusha VV, Wang LV, Shcherbakova DM. Multiscale Photoacoustic Tomography of a Genetically Encoded Near-Infrared FRET Biosensor. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102474. [PMID: 34533889 PMCID: PMC8564460 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) with genetically encoded near-infrared probes enables visualization of specific cell populations in vivo at high resolution deeply in biological tissues. However, because of a lack of proper probes, PAT of cellular dynamics remains unexplored. Here, the authors report a near-infrared Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor based on a miRFP670-iRFP720 pair of the near-infrared fluorescent proteins, which enables dynamic functional imaging of active biological processes in deep tissues. By photoacoustically detecting the changes in the optical absorption of the miRFP670 FRET-donor, they monitored cell apoptosis in deep tissue at high spatiotemporal resolution using PAT. Specifically, they detected apoptosis in single cells at a resolution of ≈3 µm in a mouse ear tumor, and in deep brain tumors (>3 mm beneath the scalp) of living mice at a spatial resolution of ≈150 µm with a 20 Hz frame rate. These results open the way for high-resolution photoacoustic imaging of dynamic biological processes in deep tissues using NIR biosensors and PAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering and Department of Electrical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA
| | - Hsun‐Chia Hsu
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering and Department of Electrical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA
| | - Vladislav V. Verkhusha
- Medicum, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00290Finland
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss‐Lipper Biophotonics CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY10461USA
- Science Center for Genetics and Life SciencesSirius University of Science and TechnologySochi354340Russia
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Caltech Optical Imaging Laboratory, Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering and Department of Electrical EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA91125USA
| | - Daria M. Shcherbakova
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss‐Lipper Biophotonics CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY10461USA
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4
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Bodea SV, Westmeyer GG. Photoacoustic Neuroimaging - Perspectives on a Maturing Imaging Technique and its Applications in Neuroscience. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:655247. [PMID: 34220420 PMCID: PMC8253050 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.655247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A prominent goal of neuroscience is to improve our understanding of how brain structure and activity interact to produce perception, emotion, behavior, and cognition. The brain's network activity is inherently organized in distinct spatiotemporal patterns that span scales from nanometer-sized synapses to meter-long nerve fibers and millisecond intervals between electrical signals to decades of memory storage. There is currently no single imaging method that alone can provide all the relevant information, but intelligent combinations of complementary techniques can be effective. Here, we thus present the latest advances in biomedical and biological engineering on photoacoustic neuroimaging in the context of complementary imaging techniques. A particular focus is placed on recent advances in whole-brain photoacoustic imaging in rodent models and its influential role in bridging the gap between fluorescence microscopy and more non-invasive techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We consider current strategies to address persistent challenges, particularly in developing molecular contrast agents, and conclude with an overview of potential future directions for photoacoustic neuroimaging to provide deeper insights into healthy and pathological brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviu-Vasile Bodea
- Department of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Synthetic Biomedicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gil Gregor Westmeyer
- Department of Chemistry and School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Institute for Synthetic Biomedicine, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
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5
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Wang S, Zhang X. Design Strategies of Photoacoustic Molecular Probes. Chembiochem 2020; 22:308-316. [PMID: 32770597 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) probes have been developed very quickly and applied in broad areas in recent years. Most of them are constructed based on organic dyes with intrinsic near-infrared (NIR) absorption properties. To increase PA contrast and improve imaging resolution and the sensitivity of detection, various methods for the design of PA probes have been developed. This minireview mainly focuses on the development and design strategies of activatable small-molecule PA probes in four aspects: reaction-cleavage, metal ion chelation, photoswitch, and protonation-deprotonation. It highlights some key points of designing PA probes corresponding to their properties and applications. The challenges and perspectives for small-molecule PA probes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Wang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, P.R. China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Cancer Centre and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, P.R. China
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6
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Liu C, Chen J, Zhu Y, Gong X, Zheng R, Chen N, Chen D, Yan H, Zhang P, Zheng H, Sheng Z, Song L. Highly Sensitive MoS 2-Indocyanine Green Hybrid for Photoacoustic Imaging of Orthotopic Brain Glioma at Deep Site. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2018; 10:48. [PMID: 30393697 PMCID: PMC6199097 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-018-0202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic technology in combination with molecular imaging is a highly effective method for accurately diagnosing brain glioma. For glioma detection at a deeper site, contrast agents with higher photoacoustic imaging sensitivity are needed. Herein, we report a MoS2-ICG hybrid with indocyanine green (ICG) conjugated to the surface of MoS2 nanosheets. The hybrid significantly enhanced photoacoustic imaging sensitivity compared to MoS2 nanosheets. This conjugation results in remarkably high optical absorbance across a broad near-infrared spectrum, redshifting of the ICG absorption peak and photothermal/photoacoustic conversion efficiency enhancement of ICG. A tumor mass of 3.5 mm beneath the mouse scalp was clearly visualized by using MoS2-ICG as a contrast agent for the in vivo photoacoustic imaging of orthotopic glioma, which is nearly twofold deeper than the tumors imaged in our previous report using MoS2 nanosheet. Thus, combined with its good stability and high biocompatibility, the MoS2-ICG hybrid developed in this study has a great potential for high-efficiency tumor molecular imaging in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Liu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingqin Chen
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Gong
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongqin Zheng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Chen
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixiang Yan
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Translational Medicine R&D Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghai Sheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Song
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Hu D, Sheng Z, Zhu M, Wang X, Yan F, Liu C, Song L, Qian M, Liu X, Zheng H. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Dual-Modal Theranostic Nanoprobe for In Situ Visualization of Cancer Photothermal Therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:410-422. [PMID: 29290817 PMCID: PMC5743557 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The visualization of the treatment process in situ could facilitate to accurately monitor cancer photothermal therapy (PTT), and dramatically decrease the risk of thermal damage to normal cells and tissues, which represents a major challenge for cancer precision therapy. Herein, we prepare theranostic nanoprobes (NPs) for Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based dual-modal imaging-guided cancer PTT, and clear visualization of the therapeutic process. The FRET-based theranostic NPs exhibit high FRET efficiency (88.2%), good colloidal stability, and tumor-targeting ability. Tumor tissue and surrounding blood vessels are visualized clearly by FRET-based NIR fluorescence imaging with a high signal-to-background ratio (14.5) and photoacoustic imaging with an excellent resolution at 24 h post injection of NPs. Under the guidance of dual-modal imaging, the NPs-induced photothermal effect selectively destructs cancer cells, simultaneously decreasing the FRET efficiency and leading to fluorescence and photoacoustic signal changes. The sensitive self-feedback process enables the in situ visualization of therapeutic process and precision guidance of in vivo cancer PTT. A high therapeutic efficacy and minimum side effects are achieved in C6 tumor-bearing nude mice, holding great promise for precision therapy and cancer theranostics.
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8
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He Q, Li D, He Y, Guan T, Zhang Y, Shen Z, Chen X, Liu S, Lu B, Ji Y. Optical demodulation system for digitally encoded suspension array in fluoroimmunoassay. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-7. [PMID: 28936825 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.9.097003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy-coupled optical system is reported to demodulate digitally encoded suspension array in fluoroimmunoassay. It takes advantage of the plasma emissions of assembled elemental materials to digitally decode the suspension array, providing a more stable and accurate recognition to target biomolecules. By separating the decoding procedure of suspension array and adsorption quantity calculation of biomolecules into two independent channels, the cross talk between decoding and label signals in traditional methods had been successfully avoided, which promoted the accuracy of both processes and realized more sensitive quantitative detection of target biomolecules. We carried a multiplexed detection of several types of anti-IgG to verify the quantitative analysis performance of the system. A limit of detection of 1.48×10-10 M was achieved, demonstrating the detection sensitivity of the optical demodulation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua He
- Tsinghua University, Department of Physics, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Tsinghua University, Department of Physics, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of, China
| | - Yonghong He
- Tsinghua University, Department of Physics, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of, China
| | - Tian Guan
- Tsinghua University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of, China
| | - Yilong Zhang
- Tsinghua University, Department of Physics, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shen
- Tsinghua University, Department of Physics, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of, China
| | - Xuejing Chen
- Tsinghua University, Department of Physics, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Tsinghua University, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of, China
| | - Bangrong Lu
- South China Normal University, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Ji
- South China Normal University, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Gujrati V, Mishra A, Ntziachristos V. Molecular imaging probes for multi-spectral optoacoustic tomography. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:4653-4672. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09421j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss recent progress in emerging optoacoustic probes, their mechanisms, applications and challenges for biological imaging using MSOT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Gujrati
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging
- Helmholtz Zentrum München
- Neuherberg 85764
- Germany
- Chair for Biological Imaging
| | - Anurag Mishra
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging
- Helmholtz Zentrum München
- Neuherberg 85764
- Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging
- Helmholtz Zentrum München
- Neuherberg 85764
- Germany
- Chair for Biological Imaging
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10
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Kwon J, Hwang D, Lee JW, Zoh I, Kang J, Kim SK. Generation of highly luminescent micro rings by optical irradiation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01409k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report light-induced generation of a circular, highly luminescent and robust microstructure strongly adhered to a glass surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoong Kwon
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Doyk Hwang
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Inhae Zoh
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoun Kang
- Department of Chemistry
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 08826
- Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry
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11
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Liu C, Gong X, Lin R, Liu F, Chen J, Wang Z, Song L, Chu J. Advances in Imaging Techniques and Genetically Encoded Probes for Photoacoustic Imaging. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2414-2430. [PMID: 27877244 PMCID: PMC5118604 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a rapidly emerging biomedical imaging modality that is capable of visualizing cellular and molecular functions with high detection sensitivity and spatial resolution in deep tissue. Great efforts and progress have been made on the development of various PA imaging technologies with improved resolution and sensitivity over the past two decades. Various PA probes with high contrast have also been extensively developed, with many important biomedical applications. In comparison with chemical dyes and nanoparticles, genetically encoded probes offer easier labeling of defined cells within tissues or proteins of interest within a cell, have higher stability in vivo, and eliminate the need for delivery of exogenous substances. Genetically encoded probes have thus attracted increasing attention from researchers in engineering and biomedicine. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the existing PA imaging technologies and genetically encoded PA probes, and describe further improvements in PA imaging techniques and the near-infrared photochromic protein BphP1, the most sensitive genetically encoded probe thus far, as well as the potential biomedical applications of BphP1-based PA imaging in vivo.
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12
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Engineering Dark Chromoprotein Reporters for Photoacoustic Microscopy and FRET Imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22129. [PMID: 26926390 PMCID: PMC4772073 DOI: 10.1038/srep22129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A subset of the family of fluorescent proteins are the non-fluorescent chromoproteins which are promising probe molecules for use in photoacoustic imaging and as acceptor chromophores in Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors. Typical approaches for fluorescent protein optimization by screening of large libraries of variants cannot be effectively applied to chromoproteins due to their characteristic lack of fluorescence. To address this challenge, we have developed a directed evolution method to iteratively screen large libraries of protein variants on the basis of their photoacoustic signal levels. By applying this procedure to the promising Ultramarine and cjBlue chromoprotein templates, we were able to identify improved variants with a 02–04 fold increase in photoacoustic signal-to-noise ratio after only a few evolutionary steps. These improved variants enable more accurate spectral de-mixing and localization of protein-producing bacteria in vivo and serve as effective FRET acceptors for both fluorescence- and photoacoustic-based detection of protease activity.
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13
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Liu Y, Nie L, Chen X. Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging: From Multiscale Biomedical Applications Towards Early-Stage Theranostics. Trends Biotechnol 2016; 34:420-433. [PMID: 26924233 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) has ushered in a new era of observational biotechnology and has facilitated the exploration of fundamental biological mechanisms and clinical translational applications, which has attracted tremendous attention in recent years. By converting laser into ultrasound emission, PAI combines rich optical contrast, high ultrasonic spatial resolution, and deep penetration depth in a single modality. This evolutional technique enables multiscale and multicontrast visualization from cells to organs, anatomy to function, and molecules to metabolism with high sensitivity and specificity. The state-of-the-art developments and applications of PAI are described in this review. Future prospects for clinical use are also highlighted. Collectively, PAI holds great promise to drive biomedical applications towards early-stage theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine (CMITM), School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Liming Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine (CMITM), School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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14
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Nellore V, Xi S, Dwyer C. Self-Assembled Resonance Energy Transfer Keys for Secure Communication over Classical Channels. ACS NANO 2015; 9:11840-11848. [PMID: 26525314 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Modern authentication and communication protocols increasingly use physical keys in lieu of conventional software-based keys for security. This shift is primarily driven by the ability to derive a unique, unforgeable signature from a physical key. The sole demonstration of an unforgeable key, thus far, has been through quantum key distribution, which suffers from limited communication distances and expensive infrastructure requirements. Here, we show a method for creating unclonable keys by molecular self-assembly of resonance energy transfer (RET) devices. It is infeasible to clone the RET-key due to the inability to characterize the key using current technology, the large number of input-output combinations per key, and the variation of the key's response with time. However, the manufacturer can produce multiple identical devices, which enables inexpensive, secure authentication and communication over classical channels, and thus any distance. Through a detailed experimental survey of the nanoscale keys, we demonstrate that legitimate users are successfully authenticated 99.48% of the time and the false-positives are only 0.39%, over two attempts. We estimate that a legitimate user would have a computational advantage of more than 10(340) years over an attacker. Our method enables the discovery of physical key based multiparty authentication and communication schemes that are both practical and possess unprecedented security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishwa Nellore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University , 130 Hudson Hall, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Sam Xi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Harvard University , 33 Oxford Street, Room 308, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Chris Dwyer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University , 130 Hudson Hall, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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15
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Yang JM, Li C, Chen R, Rao B, Yao J, Yeh CH, Danielli A, Maslov K, Zhou Q, Shung KK, Wang LV. Optical-resolution photoacoustic endomicroscopy in vivo. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:918-32. [PMID: 25798315 PMCID: PMC4361445 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) has become a major experimental tool of photoacoustic tomography, with unique imaging capabilities for various biological applications. However, conventional imaging systems are all table-top embodiments, which preclude their use in internal organs. In this study, by applying the OR-PAM concept to our recently developed endoscopic technique, called photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE), we created an optical-resolution photoacoustic endomicroscopy (OR-PAEM) system, which enables internal organ imaging with a much finer resolution than conventional acoustic-resolution PAE systems. OR-PAEM has potential preclinical and clinical applications using either endogenous or exogenous contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Mo Yang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130,
USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Chiye Li
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130,
USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ruimin Chen
- NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089,
USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Bin Rao
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130,
USA
| | - Junjie Yao
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130,
USA
| | - Cheng-Hung Yeh
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130,
USA
| | - Amos Danielli
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130,
USA
- Currently with the Faculty of Engineering, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002,
Israel
| | - Konstantin Maslov
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130,
USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089,
USA
| | - K. Kirk Shung
- NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, University Park, Los Angeles, California 90089,
USA
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130,
USA
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16
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Xia J, Yao J, Wang LV. Photoacoustic tomography: principles and advances. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2015; 147:1-22. [PMID: 25642127 PMCID: PMC4311576 DOI: 10.2528/pier14032303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is an emerging imaging modality that shows great potential for preclinical research and clinical practice. As a hybrid technique, PAT is based on the acoustic detection of optical absorption from either endogenous chromophores, such as oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin, or exogenous contrast agents, such as organic dyes and nanoparticles. Because ultrasound scatters much less than light in tissue, PAT generates high-resolution images in both the optical ballistic and diffusive regimes. Over the past decade, the photoacoustic technique has been evolving rapidly, leading to a variety of exciting discoveries and applications. This review covers the basic principles of PAT and its different implementations. Strengths of PAT are highlighted, along with the most recent imaging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xia
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Junjie Yao
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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17
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Kanazaki K, Sano K, Makino A, Takahashi A, Deguchi J, Ohashi M, Temma T, Ono M, Saji H. Development of human serum albumin conjugated with near-infrared dye for photoacoustic tumor imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:96002. [PMID: 25191833 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.9.096002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has emerged as a noninvasive diagnostic method which detects ultrasonic waves thermoelastically induced by optical absorbers irradiated with laser. For tumor diagnosis, PA contrast agent has been proposed to enhance the PA effect for detecting tumors sensitively. Here, we prepared a human serum albumin (HSA) conjugated with indocyanine green (ICG) as a PA contrast agent allowing enhanced permeability and retention effect for sensitive tumor imaging. The feasibility of PA imaging with HSA-ICG to detect allografted tumors was evaluated in tumor-bearing mice. In vivo fluorescence imaging and radiolabeled biodistribution study showed that the biodistribution dramatically changed as the number of ICG bound to HSA increased, and the maximum accumulation of ICG was achieved when around three ICG molecules were loaded on an HSA. In vivo PA imaging demonstrated a tumor-selective and dose-dependent increase of PA signal intensity in mice injected with HSA-ICG (R2 = 0.88, 387% increase for HSA-ICG, 104 nmol ICG). In conclusion, HSA-ICG clearly visualized the allografted tumors with high tumor-to-background ratios having high quantitative and spatial resolution for the sensitive PA imaging of tumors. HSA-ICG could be useful as a favorable contrast agent for PA tumor imaging for the management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Kanazaki
- Canon Inc., Medical Imaging Project, Corporate R&D Headquarters, 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Sano
- Kyoto University, Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, JapancKyoto University Hospital, 54 Kawaharacho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Makino
- Kyoto University, Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, JapandUniversity of Fukui, Biomedical Imaging Research Center, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eihe
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Canon Inc., Medical Imaging Project, Corporate R&D Headquarters, 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ohta-ku, Tokyo 146-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Deguchi
- Kyoto University, Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Manami Ohashi
- Kyoto University, Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Temma
- Kyoto University, Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Kyoto University, Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hideo Saji
- Kyoto University, Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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18
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Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of biological tissue has seen immense growth in the past decade, providing unprecedented spatial resolution and functional information at depths in the optical diffusive regime. PAI uniquely combines the advantages of optical excitation and those of acoustic detection. The hybrid imaging modality features high sensitivity to optical absorption and wide scalability of spatial resolution with the desired imaging depth. Here we first summarize the fundamental principles underpinning the technology, then highlight its practical implementation, and finally discuss recent advances toward clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong V. Wang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Liang Gao
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis
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19
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Yao J, Wang LV. Sensitivity of photoacoustic microscopy. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2014; 2:87-101. [PMID: 25302158 PMCID: PMC4182819 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Building on its high spatial resolution, deep penetration depth and excellent image contrast, 3D photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has grown tremendously since its first publication in 2005. Integrating optical excitation and acoustic detection, PAM has broken through both the optical diffusion and optical diffraction limits. PAM has 100% relative sensitivity to optical absorption (i.e., a given percentage change in the optical absorption coefficient yields the same percentage change in the photoacoustic amplitude), and its ultimate detection sensitivity is limited only by thermal noise. Focusing on the engineering aspects of PAM, this Review discusses the detection sensitivity of PAM, compares the detection efficiency of different PAM designs, and summarizes the imaging performance of various endogenous and exogenous contrast agents. It then describes representative PAM applications with high detection sensitivity, and outlines paths to further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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20
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Yang JM, Li C, Chen R, Zhou Q, Shung KK, Wang LV. Catheter-based photoacoustic endoscope. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:066001. [PMID: 24887743 PMCID: PMC4041025 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.6.066001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We report a flexible shaft-based mechanical scanning photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE) system that can be potentially used for imaging the human gastrointestinal tract via the instrument channel of a clinical video endoscope. The development of such a catheter endoscope has been an important challenge to realize the technique's benefits in clinical settings. We successfully implemented a prototype PAE system that has a 3.2-mm diameter and 2.5-m long catheter section. As the instrument's flexible shaft and scanning tip are fully encapsulated in a plastic catheter, it easily fits within the 3.7-mm diameter instrument channel of a clinical video endoscope. Here, we demonstrate the intra-instrument channel workability and in vivo animal imaging capability of the PAE system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Mo Yang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, Street Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Chiye Li
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, Street Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Ruimin Chen
- University of Southern California, NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1042 Downey Way, University Park, Drive 130, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Qifa Zhou
- University of Southern California, NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1042 Downey Way, University Park, Drive 130, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - K. Kirk Shung
- University of Southern California, NIH Ultrasonic Transducer Resource Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1042 Downey Way, University Park, Drive 130, Los Angeles, California 90089
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, Street Louis, Missouri 63130
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21
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Wang Y, Xia J, Wang LV. Deep-tissue photoacoustic tomography of Förster resonance energy transfer. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:101316. [PMID: 23884608 PMCID: PMC3719951 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.10.101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a distance-dependent process that transfers excited state energy from a donor molecule to an acceptor molecule without the emission of a photon. The FRET rate is determined by the proximity between the donor and the acceptor molecules; it becomes significant only when the proximity is within several nanometers. Therefore, FRET has been applied to visualize interactions and conformational changes of biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that cannot be resolved by optical microscopy. Here, we report photoacoustic tomography of FRET efficiency at a 1-cm depth in chicken breast tissue, whereas conventional high-resolution fluorescence imaging is limited to <0.1 cm. Photoacoustic tomography is expected to facilitate the examination of FRET phenomena in living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Jun Xia
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, Missouri 63130
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, Missouri 63130
- Address all correspondence to: Lihong V. Wang, Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, Missouri 63130. Tel: (314) 935-6152; Fax: (314) 935-7448; E-mail:
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22
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Yao J, Wang LV. Photoacoustic Microscopy. LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS 2013; 7:10.1002/lpor.201200060. [PMID: 24416085 PMCID: PMC3887369 DOI: 10.1002/lpor.201200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a hybrid in vivo imaging technique that acoustically detects optical contrast via the photoacoustic effect. Unlike pure optical microscopic techniques, PAM takes advantage of the weak acoustic scattering in tissue and thus breaks through the optical diffusion limit (~1 mm in soft tissue). With its excellent scalability, PAM can provide high-resolution images at desired maximum imaging depths up to a few millimeters. Compared with backscattering-based confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography, PAM provides absorption contrast instead of scattering contrast. Furthermore, PAM can image more molecules, endogenous or exogenous, at their absorbing wavelengths than fluorescence-based methods, such as wide-field, confocal, and multi-photon microscopy. Most importantly, PAM can simultaneously image anatomical, functional, molecular, flow dynamic and metabolic contrasts in vivo. Focusing on state-of-the-art developments in PAM, this Review discusses the key features of PAM implementations and their applications in biomedical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yao
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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23
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Hu S, Wang L. Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy: auscultation of biological systems at the cellular level. Biophys J 2013; 105:841-7. [PMID: 23972836 PMCID: PMC3752103 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) offers unprecedented sensitivity to optical absorption and opens a new window to study biological systems at multiple length- and timescales. In particular, optical-resolution PAM (OR-PAM) has pushed the technical envelope to submicron length scales and millisecond timescales. Here, we review the state of the art of OR-PAM in biophysical research. With properly chosen optical wavelengths, OR-PAM can spectrally differentiate a variety of endogenous and exogenous chromophores, unveiling the anatomical, functional, metabolic, and molecular information of biological systems. Newly uncovered contrast mechanisms of linear dichroism and Förster resonance energy transfer further distinguish OR-PAM. Integrating multiple contrasts and advanced scanning mechanisms has capacitated OR-PAM to comprehensively interrogate biological systems at the cellular level in real time. Two future directions are discussed, where OR-PAM holds the potential to translate basic biophysical research into clinical healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Hu
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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24
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Gao L, Zhang C, Li C, Wang LV. Intracellular temperature mapping with fluorescence-assisted photoacoustic-thermometry. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2013; 102:193705. [PMID: 23825801 PMCID: PMC3669113 DOI: 10.1063/1.4807140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Measuring intracellular temperature is critical to understanding many cellular functions but still remains challenging. Here, we present a technique-fluorescence-assisted photoacoustic thermometry (FAPT)-for intracellular temperature mapping applications. To demonstrate FAPT, we monitored the intracellular temperature distribution of HeLa cells with sub-degree (0.7 °C) temperature resolution and sub-micron (0.23 μm) spatial resolution at a sampling rate of 1 kHz. Compared to traditional fluorescence-based methods, FAPT features the unique capability of transforming a regular fluorescence probe into a concentration- and excitation-independent temperature sensor, bringing a large collection of commercially available generic fluorescent probes into the realm of intracellular temperature sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gao
- Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis., St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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