1
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Gong P, Tang X, Chen J, You H, Wang Y, Yu PK, Yu DY, Cense B. Deep learning-based label-free imaging of lymphatics and aqueous veins in the eye using optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6126. [PMID: 38480842 PMCID: PMC10937663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate an adaptation of deep learning for label-free imaging of the micro-scale lymphatic vessels and aqueous veins in the eye using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The proposed deep learning-based OCT lymphangiography (DL-OCTL) method was trained, validated and tested, using OCT scans (23 volumetric scans comprising 19,736 B-scans) from 11 fresh ex vivo porcine eyes with the corresponding vessel labels generated by a conventional OCT lymphangiography (OCTL) method based on thresholding with attenuation compensation. Compared to conventional OCTL, the DL-OCTL method demonstrates comparable results for imaging lymphatics and aqueous veins in the eye, with an Intersection over Union value of 0.79 ± 0.071 (mean ± standard deviation). In addition, DL-OCTL mitigates the imaging artifacts in conventional OCTL where the OCT signal modelling was corrupted by the tissue heterogeneity, provides ~ 10 times faster processing based on a rough comparison and does not require OCT-related knowledge for correct implementation as in conventional OCTL. With these favorable features, DL-OCTL promises to improve the practicality of OCTL for label-free imaging of lymphatics and aqueous veins for preclinical and clinical imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Xiaolan Tang
- School of Software Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Robot (SCUT), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Junying Chen
- School of Software Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Robot (SCUT), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Haijun You
- School of Software Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Robot (SCUT), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Paula K Yu
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Dao-Yi Yu
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Barry Cense
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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2
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Hu Y, Zhao X, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Li T, Tang Z, Tang P. High-sensitivity synchronous angio-lymphography based on a speckle spectrum contrast OCT. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4757-4760. [PMID: 37707895 DOI: 10.1364/ol.498849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
To achieve accurate selection and synchronous imaging of blood vessels and lymph, a speckle spectrum contrast method (SSC) based on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is proposed in this Letter. In this method, the time-lapse optical coherence tomography (OCT) intensity signal is transformed to the Fourier frequency domain. By analyzing the frequency spectrum of the time-lapse OCT intensity signal, a parameter called SSC signal, which represents the ratio of different intervals of the high frequency to the low frequency, is utilized to extract and contrast different types of the vessels in the biological tissues. In the SSC spectrum, the SSC signals of the static tissue, lymphatic vessels, and vascular vessels can be separated in three different frequency intervals, enabling differentiation and synchronous imaging of the lymphatic-vascular vessels. A mouse ear was used to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of this method. By using the SSC signal as the imaging parameter, the lymphatic and blood vessels of the mouse ear are differentiated and visualized simultaneously. This study shows the feasibility of the three-dimensional (3D) synchronous angio-lymphography based on the SSC method, which provides a tool to improve the understanding for disease research and treatment.
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3
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Lian Y, Li T, Wu N, Wu J, Tang Z. Lymphography method based on time-autocorrelated optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:5390-5399. [PMID: 36425642 PMCID: PMC9664883 DOI: 10.1364/boe.470390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels are structurally similar to blood vessels, and the lymphatic fluid flowing within the lymphatic vessels is distributed throughout the body and plays a vital role in the human immune system. Visualization of the lymphatic vessels is clinically important in the diagnosis of tumor cell metastasis and related immune system diseases, but lymph is difficult to image due to its near-transparent nature and low flow rate. In this paper, we present a lymphography method based on time-autocorrelated optical coherence tomography. By using the minimum value difference of the autocorrelation function of the time-varying interference intensity between the lymph and the surrounding tissues, the non-invasive and high-sensitivity imaging of lymph vessels can be achieved. The method proposed in this paper has potential significance for the research and treatment of immune system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lian
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Contributed equally to this work
| | - Tingfeng Li
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Contributed equally to this work
| | - Nanshou Wu
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiayi Wu
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhilie Tang
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Material,
South China Normal University, IMOT , Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Banerjee P, Roy S, Chakraborty S. Recent advancement of imaging strategies of the lymphatic system: Answer to the decades old questions. Microcirculation 2022; 29:e12780. [PMID: 35972391 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The role of the lymphatic system in maintaining tissue homeostasis and a number of different pathophysiological conditions has been well established. The complex and delicate structure of the lymphatics along with the limitations of conventional imaging techniques make lymphatic imaging particularly difficult. Thus, in-depth high-resolution imaging of lymphatic system is key to understanding the progression of lymphatic diseases and cancer metastases and would greatly benefit clinical decisions. In recent years, the advancement of imaging technologies and development of new tracers suitable for clinical applications has enabled imaging of the lymphatic system in both clinical and pre-clinical settings. In this current review, we have highlighted the advantages and disadvantages of different modern techniques such as near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS), positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence optical imaging, that has significantly impacted research in this field and has led to in-depth insights into progression of pathological states. This review also highlights the use of current imaging technologies, and tracers specific for immune cell markers to identify and track the immune cells in the lymphatic system that would help understand disease progression and remission in immune therapy regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Sukanya Roy
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas, USA
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5
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Qureshi MM, Allam N, Peters T, Demidov V, Vitkin A. Detection and differentiation of semi-transparent materials simulating biological structures using optical coherence tomography: a phantom study. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:100501. [PMID: 36221173 PMCID: PMC9553520 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.10.100501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Lymphatic and peripheral nervous system imaging is of prime importance for monitoring various important pathologic processes including cancer development and metastasis, and response to therapy. AIM Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising approach for this imaging task but is challenged by the near-transparent nature of these structures. Our aim is to detect and differentiate semi-transparent materials using OCT texture analysis, toward label-free neurography and lymphography. APPROACH We have recently demonstrated an innovative OCT texture analysis-based approach that used speckle statistics to image lymphatics and nerves in-vivo that does not rely on negative contrast. However, these two near-transparent structures could not be easily differentiated from each other in the texture analysis parameter space. Here, we perform a rigorous follow-up study to improve upon this differentiation in controlled phantoms mimicking the optical properties of these tissues. RESULTS The results of the three-parameter Rayleigh distribution fit to the OCT images of six types of tissue-mimicking materials varying in transparency and biophysical properties demonstrate clear differences between them, suggesting routes for improved lymphatics-nerves differentiation. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a novel OCT texture analysis-based lymphatics-nerves differentiation methodology in tissue-simulating phantoms. Future work will focus on longitudinal in-vivo lymphangiography and neurography in response to cancer therapeutics toward adaptive personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mohsin Qureshi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nader Allam
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Peters
- University of Toronto, Division of Engineering Science, Ontario, Canada
| | - Valentin Demidov
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Alex Vitkin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Aqueous outflow channels and its lymphatic association: A review. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 67:659-674. [PMID: 34656556 PMCID: PMC9008077 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human eye has a unique immune architecture and behavior. While the conjunctiva is known to have a well-defined lymphatic drainage system, the cornea, sclera, and uveal tissues were historically considered "alymphatic" and thought to be immune privileged. The very fact that the aqueous outflow channels carry a clear fluid (aqueous humor) along the outflow pathway makes it hard to ignore its lymphatic-like characteristics. The development of novel lymphatic lineage markers and expression of these markers in aqueous outflow channels and improved imaging capabilities has sparked a renewed interest in the study of ocular lymphatics. Ophthalmic lymphatic research has had a directional shift over the last decade, offering an exciting new physiological platform that needs further in-depth understanding. The evidence of a presence of distinct lymphatic channels in the human ciliary body is gaining significant traction. The uveolymphatic pathway is an alternative new route for aqueous outflow and adds a new dimension to pathophysiology and management of glaucoma. Developing novel animal models, markers, and non-invasive imaging tools to delineate the core anatomical structure and physiological functions may help pave some crucial pathways to understand disease pathophysiology and help develop novel targeted therapeutic approaches for glaucoma.
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7
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Mihelic SA, Sikora WA, Hassan AM, Williamson MR, Jones TA, Dunn AK. Segmentation-Less, Automated, Vascular Vectorization. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009451. [PMID: 34624013 PMCID: PMC8528315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PM) have allowed large scale imaging and analysis of blood vessel networks in living mice. However, extracting network graphs and vector representations for the dense capillary bed remains a bottleneck in many applications. Vascular vectorization is algorithmically difficult because blood vessels have many shapes and sizes, the samples are often unevenly illuminated, and large image volumes are required to achieve good statistical power. State-of-the-art, three-dimensional, vascular vectorization approaches often require a segmented (binary) image, relying on manual or supervised-machine annotation. Therefore, voxel-by-voxel image segmentation is biased by the human annotator or trainer. Furthermore, segmented images oftentimes require remedial morphological filtering before skeletonization or vectorization. To address these limitations, we present a vectorization method to extract vascular objects directly from unsegmented images without the need for machine learning or training. The Segmentation-Less, Automated, Vascular Vectorization (SLAVV) source code in MATLAB is openly available on GitHub. This novel method uses simple models of vascular anatomy, efficient linear filtering, and vector extraction algorithms to remove the image segmentation requirement, replacing it with manual or automated vector classification. Semi-automated SLAVV is demonstrated on three in vivo 2PM image volumes of microvascular networks (capillaries, arterioles and venules) in the mouse cortex. Vectorization performance is proven robust to the choice of plasma- or endothelial-labeled contrast, and processing costs are shown to scale with input image volume. Fully-automated SLAVV performance is evaluated on simulated 2PM images of varying quality all based on the large (1.4×0.9×0.6 mm3 and 1.6×108 voxel) input image. Vascular statistics of interest (e.g. volume fraction, surface area density) calculated from automatically vectorized images show greater robustness to image quality than those calculated from intensity-thresholded images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Mihelic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - William A Sikora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael R Williamson
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Theresa A Jones
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew K Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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8
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Moiseev AA, Sirotkina MA, Potapov AL, Matveev LA, Vagapova NN, Kuznetsova IA, Gladkova ND. Lymph vessels visualization from optical coherence tomography data using depth-resolved attenuation coefficient calculation. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202100055. [PMID: 34057296 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal optical coherent tomography grows popularity with researchers and clinicians over the past decade. One of the modalities is lymphangiography, which allows visualization of the lymphatic vessel networks within optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging volume. In the present study, it is shown that lymphatic vessel visualization obtained from the depth-resolved attenuation coefficient distributions, corrected for the noise, shows improved contrast and detail in comparison with previously proposed approaches. We also argue that the two most popular approaches for lymphatic vessel visualization, namely simple intensity thresholding and vesselness calculation based on local Hessian matrix eigenvalues, imply different definitions of the lymphatic vessel's appearance in the OCT volume and lead to the different networks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arseny L Potapov
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Lev A Matveev
- Institute of Applied Physics RAS, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Nailya N Vagapova
- N.A. Semashko Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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9
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Polomska AK, Proulx ST. Imaging technology of the lymphatic system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:294-311. [PMID: 32891679 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays critical roles in tissue fluid homeostasis and immunity and has been implicated in the development of many different pathologies, ranging from lymphedema, the spread of cancer to chronic inflammation. In this review, we first summarize the state-of-the-art of lymphatic imaging in the clinic and the advantages and disadvantages of these existing techniques. We then detail recent progress on imaging technology, including advancements in tracer design and injection methods, that have allowed visualization of lymphatic vessels with excellent spatial and temporal resolution in preclinical models. Finally, we describe the different approaches to quantifying lymphatic function that are being developed and discuss some emerging topics for lymphatic imaging in the clinic. Continued advancements in lymphatic imaging technology will be critical for the optimization of diagnostic methods for lymphatic disorders and the evaluation of novel therapies targeting the lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Polomska
- ETH Zürich, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Steven T Proulx
- University of Bern, Theodor Kocher Institute, Freiestrasse 1, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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10
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Lai PY, Chang CH, Su HR, Kuo WC. Lymphatic vessel segmentation in optical coherence tomography by adding U-Net-based CNN for artifact minimization. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2679-2693. [PMID: 32499952 PMCID: PMC7249833 DOI: 10.1364/boe.389373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The lymphatic system branches throughout the body to transport bodily fluid and plays a key immune-response role. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging technique for the noninvasive and label-free imaging of lymphatic capillaries utilizing low scattering features of the lymph fluid. Here, the proposed lymphatic segmentation method combines U-Net-based CNN, a Hessian vesselness filter, and a modified intensity-thresholding to search the nearby pixels based on the binarized Hessian mask. Compared to previous approaches, the method can extract shapes more precisely, and the segmented result contains minimal artifacts, achieves the dice coefficient of 0.83, precision of 0.859, and recall of 0.803.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Lai
- Department of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec-2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsing Chang
- Skin Institute, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Su
- Super Genius AItek Co., Ltd, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Kuo
- Department of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, 155, Sec-2, Li-Nong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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11
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Chen PH, Chen YJ, Chen YF, Yeh YC, Chang KW, Hou MC, Kuo WC. Quantification of structural and microvascular changes for diagnosing early-stage oral cancer. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:1244-1256. [PMID: 32206406 PMCID: PMC7075615 DOI: 10.1364/boe.384608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Changes in mucosal microvascular networks, called intraepithelial papillary capillary loops (IPCL), are an important key factor for diagnosing early-stage oral cancer in vivo. Nevertheless, there are a lack of tools to quantify these changes objectively. This is the first study to quantify the IPCL changes in vivo to differentiate benign or malignant oral lesions by the optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique. K14-EGFP-miR-211-GFP transgenic mice were inducted by 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide to produce oral carcinogenesis in different stages, including normal, premalignancy and cancer. The results showed significant differentiation between benign or malignant lesions by OCT quantitative parameters, including epithelial thickness, IPCL density, radius and tortuosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsien Chen
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yu-Ju Chen
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Yi-Fen Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Kuo
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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12
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Kim B, Le H, Oh BH, Kim KH. High-speed combined reflectance confocal and moxifloxacin based two-photon microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:1555-1567. [PMID: 32206428 PMCID: PMC7075626 DOI: 10.1364/boe.385763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) is a non-invasive high-resolution optical imaging technique used in clinical settings as a diagnostic method. However, RCM has limited diagnostic ability by providing non-specific morphological information only based on reflection contrast. Various multimodal imaging techniques have been developed to compensate the limitations of RCM, but multimodal techniques are often slow in imaging speed compared to RCM alone. In this report, we combined RCM with moxifloxacin based two-photon microscopy (TPM) for high-speed multimodal imaging. Moxifloxacin based TPM used clinically compatible moxifloxacin for cell labeling and could do non-invasive cellular imaging at 30 frames/s together with RCM. Performance of the combined microscopy was characterized in the imaging of mouse skin and cornea, in vivo. Detail tissue microstructures including cells, extra-cellular matrix (ECM), and vasculature were visualized. The combined microscopy was applied to human skin cancer specimens, and both cells and ECM in the skin cancer and normal skin regions were visualized at high imaging speeds. The combined microscopy can be useful in the clinical applications of RCM by providing multiple contrasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumju Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Hoan Le
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
| | - Byung-ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, South Korea
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13
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Si P, Honkala A, de la Zerda A, Smith BR. Optical Microscopy and Coherence Tomography of Cancer in Living Subjects. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:205-222. [PMID: 32101724 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy (IVM) and optical coherency tomography (OCT) are two powerful optical imaging tools that allow visualization of dynamic biological activities in living subjects with subcellular resolutions. Recent advances in labeling and label-free techniques empower IVM and OCT for a wide range of preclinical and clinical cancer imaging, providing profound insights into the complex physiological, cellular, and molecular behaviors of tumors. Preclinical IVM and OCT have elucidated many otherwise inscrutable aspects of cancer biology, while clinical applications of IVM and OCT are revolutionizing cancer diagnosis and therapies. We review important progress in the fields of IVM and OCT for cancer imaging in living subjects, highlighting key technological developments and their emerging applications in fundamental cancer biology research and clinical oncology investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Si
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander Honkala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam de la Zerda
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; The Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Bryan Ronain Smith
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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14
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Demidov V, Matveev LA, Demidova O, Matveyev AL, Zaitsev VY, Flueraru C, Vitkin IA. Analysis of low-scattering regions in optical coherence tomography: applications to neurography and lymphangiography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:4207-4219. [PMID: 31453005 PMCID: PMC6701530 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.004207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of semi-transparent low scattering biological structures in optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been actively pursued in the context of lymphatic imaging, with most approaches relying on the relative absence of signal as a means of detection. Here we present an alternate methodology based on spatial speckle statistics, utilizing the similarity of a distribution of given voxel intensities to the power distribution function of pure noise, to visualize the low-scattering biological structures of interest. In a human tumor xenograft murine model, we show that these correspond to lymphatic vessels and nerves; extensive histopathologic validation studies are reported to unequivocally establish this correspondence. The emerging possibility of OCT lymphangiography and neurography is novel and potentially impactful (especially the latter), although further methodology refinement is needed to distinguish between the visualized lymphatics and nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Demidov
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College St., Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Lev A. Matveev
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhniy Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Olga Demidova
- Department of Arts and Science, Seneca College, 1750 Finch Avenue East, Toronto, M2J 2X5, Canada
| | - Alexander L. Matveyev
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhniy Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Vladimir Y. Zaitsev
- Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 46 Ulyanov Street, Nizhniy Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Costel Flueraru
- National Research Council Canada, Information Communication Technology, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, K1A0R6, Canada
| | - I. Alex Vitkin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College St., Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
- University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 2C1, Canada
- University of Toronto, Department of Radiation Oncology, 150 College St, Toronto, M5S 3E2, Canada
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15
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Davoodzadeh N, Cano-Velázquez MS, Halaney DL, Jonak CR, Binder DK, Aguilar G. Optical Access to Arteriovenous Cerebral Microcirculation Through a Transparent Cranial Implant. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 51:920-932. [PMID: 31236997 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Microcirculation plays a critical role in physiologic processes and several disease states. Laser speckle imaging (LSI) is a full-field, real-time imaging technique capable of mapping microvessel networks and providing relative flow velocity within the vessels. In this study, we demonstrate that LSI combine with multispectral reflectance imaging (MSRI), which allows for distinction between veins and arteries in the vascular flow maps produced by LSI. We apply this combined technique to mouse cerebral vascular network in vivo, comparing imaging through the skull, to the dura mater and brain directly through a craniectomy, and through a transparent cranial "Window to the Brain" (WttB) implant. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS The WttB implant used in this study is made of a nanocrystalline Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia ceramic. MSRI was conducted using white-light illumination and filtering the reflected light for 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, and 610 nm. LSI was conducted using an 810 nm continuous wave near-infrared laser with incident power of 100 mW, and the reflected speckle pattern was captured by a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera. RESULTS Seven vessel branches were analyzed and comparison was made between imaging through the skull, craniectomy, and WttB implant. Through the skull, MSRI did not detect any vessels, and LSI could not image microvessels. Imaging through the WttB implant, MSRI was able to identify veins versus arteries, and LSI was able to image microvessels with only slightly higher signal-to-noise ratio and lower sharpness than imaging the brain through a craniectomy. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the ability to perform MSRI-LSI across a transparent cranial implant, to allow for cerebral vascular networks to be mapped, including microvessels. These images contain additional information such as vein-artery separation and relative blood flow velocities, information which is of value scientifically and medically. The WttB implant provides substantial improvements over imaging through the murine cranial bone, where microvessels are not visible and MSRI cannot be performed. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Davoodzadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Bourns Hall A342 900 University Ave., Riverside, California, 92521
| | - Mildred S Cano-Velázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - David L Halaney
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Bourns Hall A342 900 University Ave., Riverside, California, 92521
| | - Carrie R Jonak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, 1126 Webber Hall 900 University Ave., Riverside, California, 92521
| | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, 1126 Webber Hall 900 University Ave., Riverside, California, 92521
| | - Guillermo Aguilar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Bourns Hall A342 900 University Ave., Riverside, California, 92521
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16
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Konkel B, Lavin C, Wu TT, Anderson E, Iwamoto A, Rashid H, Gaitian B, Boone J, Cooper M, Abrams P, Gilbert A, Tang Q, Levi M, Fujimoto JG, Andrews P, Chen Y. Fully automated analysis of OCT imaging of human kidneys for prediction of post-transplant function. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:1794-1821. [PMID: 31086705 PMCID: PMC6485011 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.001794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Current measures for assessing the viability of donor kidneys are lacking. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) can image subsurface tissue morphology to supplement current measures and potentially improve prediction of post-transplant function. OCT imaging was performed on donor kidneys before and immediately after implantation during 169 human kidney transplant surgeries. A system for automated image analysis was developed to measure structural parameters of the kidney's proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) visualized in the OCT images. The association of these structural parameters with post-transplant function was investigated. This study included kidneys from live and deceased donors. 88 deceased donor kidneys in this study were stored by static cold storage (SCS) and an additional 15 were preserved by hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP). A subset of both SCS and HMP deceased donor kidneys were classified as expanded criteria donor (ECD) kidneys, with elevated risk of poor post-transplant function. Post-transplant function was characterized as either immediate graft function (IGF) or delayed graft function (DGF). In ECD kidneys stored by SCS, increased PCT lumen diameter was found to predict DGF both prior to implantation and following reperfusion. In SCD kidneys preserved by HMP, reduced distance between adjacent lumen following reperfusion was found to predict DGF. Results suggest that OCT measurements may be useful for predicting post-transplant function in ECD kidneys and kidneys stored by HMP. OCT analysis of donor kidneys may aid in allocation of kidneys to expand the donor pool as well as help predict post-transplant function in transplanted kidneys to inform post-operative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Konkel
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Christopher Lavin
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Tong Tong Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Erik Anderson
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Aya Iwamoto
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Hadi Rashid
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Brandon Gaitian
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Joseph Boone
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Matthew Cooper
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Peter Abrams
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Alexander Gilbert
- Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Qinggong Tang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA
| | - Moshe Levi
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter Andrews
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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17
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Gong P, Yu DY, Wang Q, Yu PK, Karnowski K, Heisler M, Francke A, An D, Sarunic MV, Sampson DD. Label-free volumetric imaging of conjunctival collecting lymphatics ex vivo by optical coherence tomography lymphangiography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800070. [PMID: 29920959 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We employ optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence microscopy (OCM) to study conjunctival lymphatics in porcine eyes ex vivo. This study is a precursor to the development of in vivo imaging of the collecting lymphatics for potentially guiding and monitoring glaucoma filtration surgery. OCT scans at 1300 nm and higher-resolution OCM scans at 785 nm reveal the lymphatic vessels via their optical transparency. Equivalent signal characteristics are also observed from blood vessels largely free of blood (and devoid of flow) in the ex vivo conjunctiva. In our lymphangiography, vessel networks were segmented by compensating the depth attenuation in the volumetric OCT/OCM signal, projecting the minimum intensity in two dimensions and thresholding to generate a three-dimensional vessel volume. Vessel segmentation from multiple locations of a range of porcine eyes (n = 21) enables visualization of the vessel networks and indicates the varying spatial distribution of patent lymphatics. Such visualization provides a new tool to investigate conjunctival vessels in tissue ex vivo without need for histological tissue processing and a valuable reference on vessel morphology for the in vivo label-free imaging studies of lymphatics to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Gong
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dao-Yi Yu
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Qiang Wang
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paula K Yu
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Karol Karnowski
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Morgan Heisler
- Biomedical Optics Research Group, School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Ashley Francke
- Biomedical Optics Research Group, School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Dong An
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Marinko V Sarunic
- Biomedical Optics Research Group, School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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18
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Blatter C, Meijer EF, Padera TP, Vakoc BJ. Simultaneous measurements of lymphatic vessel contraction, flow and valve dynamics in multiple lymphangions using optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700017. [PMID: 28700145 PMCID: PMC5766440 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic dysfunction is involved in many diseases including lymphedema, hypertension, autoimmune responses, graft rejection, atherosclerosis, microbial infections, cancer and cancer metastasis. Expanding our knowledge of lymphatic system function can lead to a better understanding of these disease processes and improve treatment options. Here, optical coherence tomography (OCT) methods were used to reveal intraluminal valve dynamics in 3 dimensions, and measure lymph flow and vessel contraction simultaneously in 3 neighboring lymphangions of the afferent collecting lymphatic vessels to the popliteal lymph node in mice. Flow measurements were based on Doppler OCT techniques in combination with exogenous lymph labeling by Intralipid. Through these imaging methods, it is possible to study lymphatic function and pumping more comprehensively. These capabilities can lead to a better understanding of the regulation and dysregulation of lymphatic vessels in health and disease. The image depicts the dynamic measurements of lymphatic valves, lymphatic vessels cross-sectional area and lymph velocity simultaneously measured in vivo with optical coherence tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Blatter
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Eelco F.J. Meijer
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Timothy P. Padera
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Vakoc
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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19
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Novel Method to Detect Corneal Lymphatic Vessels In Vivo by Intrastromal Injection of Fluorescein. Cornea 2018; 37:267-271. [PMID: 29135605 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Corneal lymphatic vessels are clinically invisible because of their thin walls and clear lymph fluid. There is no easy and established method for in vivo imaging of corneal lymphatic vessels so far. In this study, we present a novel approach to visualize corneal lymphatic vessels in vivo by injecting intrastromal fluorescein sodium. METHODS Six- to eight-week-old female BALB/c mice were used in the mouse model of suture-induced corneal neovascularization. Two weeks after the suture placement, fluorescein sodium was injected intrastromally. The fluorescein, taken up by the presumed lymphatic vessels, was then tracked using a clinically used Spectralis HRA + OCT device. Immunohistochemistry staining with specific lymphatic marker LYVE-1 and pan-endothelial marker CD31 was used to confirm the indirect lymphangiography findings. RESULTS By injecting fluorescein intrastromally, both corneal blood and lymphatic vessels were detected. While the lymphatic vessels were visible as bright vessel-like structures using HRA, the blood vessels appeared as dark networks. Fluorescein-labeled lymphatic vessels were colocalized with LYVE-1 in immunohistochemically stained sections of the same specimen. CONCLUSIONS Corneal lymphatic vessels can be easily imaged in vivo in the murine model using intrastromal fluorescein injection.
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20
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Chen PH, Wu CH, Chen YF, Yeh YC, Lin BH, Chang KW, Lai PY, Hou MC, Lu CL, Kuo WC. Combination of structural and vascular optical coherence tomography for differentiating oral lesions of mice in different carcinogenesis stages. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:1461-1476. [PMID: 29675295 PMCID: PMC5905899 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.001461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Differentiating between early malignancy and benign lesions in oral cavities is difficult using current optical tools. As has been shown in previous studies, microvascular changes in squamous epithelium can be regarded as a key marker for diagnosis. We propose the combination of structural and vascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging for the investigation of disease related changes. Progressive thickness changes of epithelium and the destruction of underlying lamina propria was observed during cancer development in a 4- nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) mouse model. At the same time, microvascular changes in hyperplasia, dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and advanced cancer were observed. Findings from OCT imaging were compared with histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hisen Chen
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine National Yang-Ming University School, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsien Wu
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Yeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Lin
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Lai
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Hou
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine National Yang-Ming University School, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Lu
- Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine National Yang-Ming University School, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Kuo
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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21
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Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Abdurashitov A, Dubrovsky A, Bragin D, Bragina O, Shushunova N, Maslyakova G, Navolokin N, Bucharskaya A, Tuchin V, Kurths J, Shirokov A. Application of optical coherence tomography for in vivo monitoring of the meningeal lymphatic vessels during opening of blood-brain barrier: mechanisms of brain clearing. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:1-9. [PMID: 29275545 PMCID: PMC8357332 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.12.121719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The meningeal lymphatic vessels were discovered 2 years ago as the drainage system involved in the mechanisms underlying the clearance of waste products from the brain. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a gatekeeper that strongly controls the movement of different molecules from the blood into the brain. We know the scenarios during the opening of the BBB, but there is extremely limited information on how the brain clears the substances that cross the BBB. Here, using the model of sound-induced opening of the BBB, we clearly show how the brain clears dextran after it crosses the BBB via the meningeal lymphatic vessels. We first demonstrate successful application of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for imaging of the lymphatic vessels in the meninges after opening of the BBB, which might be a new useful strategy for noninvasive analysis of lymphatic drainage in daily clinical practice. Also, we give information about the depth and size of the meningeal lymphatic vessels in mice. These new fundamental data with the applied focus on the OCT shed light on the mechanisms of brain clearance and the role of lymphatic drainage in these processes that could serve as an informative platform for a development of therapy and diagnostics of diseases associated with injuries of the BBB such as stroke, brain trauma, glioma, depression, or Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arkady Abdurashitov
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov, Russia
- Saratov State University, Department of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexander Dubrovsky
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov, Russia
- Saratov State University, Department of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
| | - Denis Bragin
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov, Russia
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Olga Bragina
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - Nataliya Shushunova
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov, Russia
| | - Galina Maslyakova
- Saratov State Medical University, Department of Pathological Anatomy, Saratov, Russia
| | - Nikita Navolokin
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov, Russia
- Saratov State Medical University, Department of Pathological Anatomy, Saratov, Russia
| | - Alla Bucharskaya
- Saratov State Medical University, Department of Pathological Anatomy, Saratov, Russia
| | - Valery Tuchin
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov, Russia
- Saratov State University, Department of Optics and Biophotonics, Saratov, Russia
- Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Juergen Kurths
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov, Russia
- Humboldt University, Physics Department, Berlin, Germany
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Alexander Shirokov
- Saratov State University, Interdisciplinary Center of Critical Technologies in Medicine, Saratov, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences,, Russia
- Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia
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22
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Park KS, Choi WJ, Song S, Xu J, Wang RK. Multifunctional in vivo imaging for monitoring wound healing using swept-source polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 50:213-221. [PMID: 29193202 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Wound healing involves a complex and dynamic biological process in response to tissue injury. Monitoring of the cascade of cellular events is useful for wound management and treatment. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the potential of multifunctional polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) to longitudinally monitor the self-healing process in a murine cutaneous wound model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A multi-functional PS-OCT system based on swept source OCT configuration (1,310 nm central wavelength) was designed to obtain simultaneously microstructural, blood perfusion, and birefringent information of a biological tissue in vivo. A 1-mm-diameter wound was generated in a mouse pinna with a complete biopsy punch. Afterwards, the self-healing process of the injured tissue was observed every week over 6-week period using the multifunctional system to measure changes in the tissue birefringence. Further OCT angiography (OCTA) was used in post data processing to obtain blood perfusion information over the injured tissue. RESULTS Three complementary images indicating the changes in anatomical, vascular, and birefringent information of tissue around wound were simultaneously provided from a 3-dimensional (3-D) PS-OCT data set during the wound repair over 1 month. Specifically, inflammatory and proliferative phases of wound healing were characterized by thickened epidermal tissue (from OCT images) and angiogenesis (from OCT angiography images) around wound. Also, it was observed that the regenerating tissues had highly realigned birefringent structures (from PS-OCT images). CONCLUSION This preliminary study suggests that the proposed multi-functional imaging modality has a great potential to improve the understanding of wound healing through non-invasive, serial monitoring of vascular and tissue responses to injury. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:213-221, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan S Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Woo June Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Shaozhen Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Jingjiang Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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23
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Si P, Sen D, Dutta R, Yousefi S, Dalal R, Winetraub Y, Liba O, de la Zerda A. In Vivo Molecular Optical Coherence Tomography of Lymphatic Vessel Endothelial Hyaluronan Receptors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1086. [PMID: 28439123 PMCID: PMC5430649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging of living subjects offers increased depth of penetration while maintaining high spatial resolution when compared to other optical microscopy techniques. However, since most protein biomarkers do not exhibit inherent contrast detectable by OCT, exogenous contrast agents must be employed for imaging specific cellular biomarkers of interest. While a number of OCT contrast agents have been previously studied, demonstrations of molecular targeting with such agents in live animals have been historically challenging and notably limited in success. Here we demonstrate for the first time that microbeads (µBs) can be used as contrast agents to target cellular biomarkers in lymphatic vessels and can be detected by OCT using a phase variance algorithm. This molecular OCT method enables in vivo imaging of the expression profiles of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1), a biomarker that plays crucial roles in inflammation and tumor metastasis. In vivo OCT imaging of LVYE-1 showed that the biomarker was significantly down-regulated during inflammation induced by acute contact hypersensitivity (CHS). Our work demonstrated a powerful molecular imaging tool that can be used for high resolution studies of lymphatic function and dynamics in models of inflammation, tumor development, and other lymphatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Si
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Debasish Sen
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca Dutta
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Siavash Yousefi
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 875 Blake Wilbur Drive, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Roopa Dalal
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2452 Watson Ct, Stanford, California, 94303, USA
| | - Yonatan Winetraub
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Orly Liba
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Adam de la Zerda
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, 299 Campus Drive West, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
- Bio-X Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
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24
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Gong P, Es’haghian S, Harms KA, Murray A, Rea S, Wood FM, Sampson DD, McLaughlin RA. In vivo label-free lymphangiography of cutaneous lymphatic vessels in human burn scars using optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4886-4898. [PMID: 28018713 PMCID: PMC5175539 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an automated, label-free method for lymphangiography of cutaneous lymphatic vessels in humans in vivo using optical coherence tomography (OCT). This method corrects for the variation in OCT signal due to the confocal function and sensitivity fall-off of a spectral-domain OCT system and utilizes a single-scattering model to compensate for A-scan signal attenuation to enable reliable thresholding of lymphatic vessels. A segment-joining algorithm is then incorporated into the method to mitigate partial-volume effects with small vessels. The lymphatic vessel images are augmented with images of the blood vessel network, acquired from the speckle decorrelation with additional weighting to differentiate blood vessels from the observed high decorrelation in lymphatic vessels. We demonstrate the method with longitudinal scans of human burn scar patients undergoing ablative fractional laser treatment, showing the visualization of the cutaneous lymphatic and blood vessel networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Gong
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Shaghayegh Es’haghian
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Karl-Anton Harms
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Alexandra Murray
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Suzanne Rea
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Fiona M. Wood
- Burns Service of Western Australia, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Surgery, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David D. Sampson
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Robert A. McLaughlin
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale Biophotonics, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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25
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Qin W, Wang RK. Assessment of edema volume in skin upon injury in a mouse ear model with optical coherence tomography. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1351-61. [PMID: 27282161 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-1984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of edema volume is essential for the investigation of tissue response and recovery following a traumatic injury. The measurements must be noninvasive and repetitive over time so as to monitor tissue response throughout the healing process. Such techniques are particularly necessary for the evaluation of therapeutics that are currently in development to suppress or prevent edema formation. In this study, we propose to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique to image and quantify edema in a mouse ear model where the injury is induced by a superficial-thickness burn. Extraction of edema volume is achieved by an attenuation compensation algorithm performed on the three-dimensional OCT images, followed by two segmentation procedures. In addition to edema volume, the segmentation method also enables accurate thickness mapping of edematous tissue, which is an important characteristic of the external symptoms of edema. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first method for noninvasively measuring absolute edema volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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26
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Real E, Val-Bernal JF, Revuelta JM, Pontón A, Díez MC, Mayorga M, López-Higuera JM, Conde OM. Hessian analysis for the delineation of amorphous anomalies in optical coherence tomography images of the aortic wall. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:1415-1429. [PMID: 27446665 PMCID: PMC4929651 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.001415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aortic aneurysm is a disease originated mainly in the media layer of the aortic wall due to the occurrence of degraded areas of altered biological composition. These anomalous regions affect the structure and strength of the aorta artery, being their occurrence and extension proportional to the arterial vessel health. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is applied to obtain cross-sectional images of the artery wall. The backscattering mechanisms in tissue make aorta images difficult to analyze due to noise and strong attenuation with penetration. The morphology of anomalies in pathological specimens is also diverse with amorphous shapes and varied dimensions, being these factors strongly related with tissue degradation and the aorta physiological condition. Hessian analysis of OCT images from aortic walls is used to assess the accurate delineation of these anomalous regions. A specific metric of the Hessian determinant is used to delineate degraded regions under blurry conditions and noise. A multiscale approach, based on an anisotropic Gaussian kernel filter, is applied to highlight and aggregate all the heterogeneity present in the aortic wall. An accuracy estimator metric has been implemented to evaluate and optimize the delineation process avoiding subjectivity. Finally, a degradation quantification score has been developed to assess aorta wall condition by OCT with validation against common histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eusebio Real
- Photonics Engineering Group (GIF), Department TEISA, University of Cantabria, Plaza de la Ciencia S/N, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - José Fernando Val-Bernal
- IDIVAL and Anatomical Pathology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Cantabria, Avda, Cardenal Herrera Oria S/N 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - José M. Revuelta
- Medical and Surgical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Avda, Cardenal Herrera Oria S/N 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Alejandro Pontón
- Cardiovascular Surgery Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Avenida Valdecilla S/N, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Marta Calvo Díez
- Cardiovascular Surgery Service, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Avenida Valdecilla S/N, 39008 Santander, Spain
| | - Marta Mayorga
- IDIVAL and Anatomical Pathology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, Medical Faculty, University of Cantabria, Avda, Cardenal Herrera Oria S/N 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - José M. López-Higuera
- Photonics Engineering Group (GIF), Department TEISA, University of Cantabria, Plaza de la Ciencia S/N, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Olga M. Conde
- Photonics Engineering Group (GIF), Department TEISA, University of Cantabria, Plaza de la Ciencia S/N, 39005 Santander, Spain
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27
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Contrast-enhanced optical coherence tomography with picomolar sensitivity for functional in vivo imaging. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23337. [PMID: 26987475 PMCID: PMC4796912 DOI: 10.1038/srep23337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) enables real-time imaging of living tissues at cell-scale resolution over millimeters in three dimensions. Despite these advantages, functional biological studies with OCT have been limited by a lack of exogenous contrast agents that can be distinguished from tissue. Here we report an approach to functional OCT imaging that implements custom algorithms to spectrally identify unique contrast agents: large gold nanorods (LGNRs). LGNRs exhibit 110-fold greater spectral signal per particle than conventional GNRs, which enables detection of individual LGNRs in water and concentrations as low as 250 pM in the circulation of living mice. This translates to ~40 particles per imaging voxel in vivo. Unlike previous implementations of OCT spectral detection, the methods described herein adaptively compensate for depth and processing artifacts on a per sample basis. Collectively, these methods enable high-quality noninvasive contrast-enhanced imaging of OCT in living subjects, including detection of tumor microvasculature at twice the depth achievable with conventional OCT. Additionally, multiplexed detection of spectrally-distinct LGNRs was demonstrated to observe discrete patterns of lymphatic drainage and identify individual lymphangions and lymphatic valve functional states. These capabilities provide a powerful platform for molecular imaging and characterization of tissue noninvasively at cellular resolution, called MOZART.
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28
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Qin W, Baran U, Wang R. Lymphatic response to depilation-induced inflammation in mouse ear assessed with label-free optical lymphangiography. Lasers Surg Med 2015. [PMID: 26224650 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Optical microangiography (OMAG) is a noninvasive technique capable of imaging 3D microvasculature. OMAG-based optical lymphangiography has been developed for 3D visualization of lymphatic vessels without the need for exogenous contrast agents. In this study, we utilize the optical lymphangiography to investigate dynamic changes in lymphatic response within skin tissue to depilation-induced inflammation by using mouse ear as a simple tissue model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system is used in this study to acquire volumetric images of mouse ear. The system operates under the ultrahigh-sensitive OMAG scanning protocol with five repetitions for each B frame. An improved adaptive-threshold-based method is proposed to segment lymphatic vessels from OCT microstructure images. Depilation is achieved by placing hair removal lotion on mouse ear pinna for 5 minutes. Three acquisitions are made before depilation, 3-minute and 30-minute post-depilation, respectively. RESULTS Right after the application of depilation lotion on the skin, we observe that the blind-ended sacs of initial lymphatics are mainly visible in a specific area of the normal tissue. At 5 minutes, more collecting lymphatic vessels start to form, evidenced by their valve structure that only exists in collecting lymphatic vessels. The lymphangiogenesis is almost completed within 8 minutes in the inflammatory tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental results demonstrate that the OMAG-based optical lymphangiography has great potential to improve the understanding of lymphatic system in response to various physiological conditions, thus would benefit the development of effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Qin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061
| | - Utku Baran
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061
| | - Ruikang Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, Washington 98195-5061
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29
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Kim B, Lee SH, Yoon CJ, Gho YS, Ahn GO, Kim KH. In vivo visualization of skin inflammation by optical coherence tomography and two-photon microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:2512-2521. [PMID: 26203377 PMCID: PMC4505705 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a non-specific immune response to injury intended to protect biological tissue from harmful stimuli such as pathogens, irritants, and damaged cells. In vivo optical tissue imaging has been used to provide spatial and dynamic characteristics of inflammation within the tissue. In this paper, we report in vivo visualization of inflammation in the skin at both cellular and physiological levels by using a combination of label-free two-photon microscopy (TPM) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Skin inflammation was induced by topically applying lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the mouse ear. Temporal OCT imaging visualized tissue swelling, vasodilation, and increased capillary density 30 min and 1 hour after application. TPM imaging showed immune cell migration within the inflamed skin. Combined OCT and TPM was applied to obtain complementary information from each modality in the same region of interest. The information provided by each modality were consistent with previous reports about the characteristics of inflammation. Therefore, the combination of OCT and TPM holds potential for studying inflammation of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumju Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
| | - Calvin J. Yoon
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
| | - Yong Song Gho
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
- Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
| | - G-One Ahn
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, South Korea
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30
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Tucker-Schwartz JM, Lapierre-Landry M, Patil CA, Skala MC. Photothermal optical lock-in optical coherence tomography for in vivo imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:2268-82. [PMID: 26114045 PMCID: PMC4473760 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal OCT (PTOCT) provides high sensitivity to molecular targets in tissue, and occupies a spatial imaging regime that is attractive for small animal imaging. However, current implementations of PTOCT require extensive temporal sampling, resulting in slow frame rates and a large data burden that limit its in vivo utility. To address these limitations, we have implemented optical lock-in techniques for photothermal optical lock-in OCT (poli-OCT), and demonstrated the in vivo imaging capabilities of this approach. The poli-OCT signal was assessed in tissue-mimicking phantoms containing indocyanine green (ICG), an FDA approved small molecule that has not been previously imaged in vivo with PTOCT. Then, the effects of in vivo blood flow and motion artifact were assessed and attenuated, and in vivo poli-OCT was demonstrated with both ICG and gold nanorods as contrast agents. Experiments revealed that poli-OCT signals agreed with optical lock-in theory and the bio-heat equation, and the system exhibited shot noise limited performance. In phantoms containing biologically relevant concentrations of ICG (1 µg/ml), the poli-OCT signal was significantly greater than control phantoms (p<0.05), demonstrating sensitivity to small molecules. Finally, in vivo poli-OCT of ICG identified the lymphatic vessels in a mouse ear, and also identified low concentrations (200 pM) of gold nanorods in subcutaneous injections at frame rates ten times faster than previously reported. This work illustrates that future in vivo molecular imaging studies could benefit from the improved acquisition and analysis times enabled by poli-OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chetan A. Patil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Current address: Department of Bioengineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Melissa C. Skala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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31
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Li P, Sun Y, Hariri S, Zhou Z, Inamoto Y, Lee SJ, Shen TT, Wang RK. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography evaluation of ocular graft-versus-host disease: a case study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:163-70. [PMID: 25694966 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2014.11.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
To explore ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) imaging of eyelids, tear meniscus, cornea and conjunctiva is performed in subsequent sessions on a patient who has ocular GVHD after allogeneic related donor stem cell transplant. The OCT results are presented together with those from a normal subject. OCT imaging is promising in visualizing several ocular GVHD manifestations, such as abnormal meibomian gland orifice (MGO), conjunctival keratinization, conjunctival hyperemia and chemosis, corneal epithelium opacification, thinning and sloughing. This case study demonstrates the capability of AS-OCT in the imaging and monitoring of ocular GVHD, which may be useful in the development of current ocular GVHD staging system and the clinical management for GVHD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Yichen Sun
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Sepideh Hariri
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Zhehai Zhou
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Inamoto
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Stephanie J Lee
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Tueng T Shen
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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32
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Poole KM, Nelson CE, Joshi RV, Martin JR, Gupta MK, Haws SC, Kavanaugh TE, Skala MC, Duvall CL. ROS-responsive microspheres for on demand antioxidant therapy in a model of diabetic peripheral arterial disease. Biomaterials 2015; 41:166-75. [PMID: 25522975 PMCID: PMC4274772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new microparticle-based delivery system was synthesized from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive poly(propylene sulfide) (PPS) and tested for "on demand" antioxidant therapy. PPS is hydrophobic but undergoes a phase change to become hydrophilic upon oxidation and thus provides a useful platform for ROS-demanded drug release. This platform was tested for delivery of the promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapeutic molecule curcumin, which is currently limited in use in its free form due to poor pharmacokinetic properties. PPS microspheres efficiently encapsulated curcumin through oil-in-water emulsion and provided sustained, on demand release that was modulated in vitro by hydrogen peroxide concentration. The cytocompatible, curcumin-loaded microspheres preferentially targeted and scavenged intracellular ROS in activated macrophages, reduced in vitro cell death in the presence of cytotoxic levels of ROS, and decreased tissue-level ROS in vivo in the diabetic mouse hind limb ischemia model of peripheral arterial disease. Interestingly, due to the ROS scavenging behavior of PPS, the blank microparticles also showed inherent therapeutic properties that were synergistic with the effects of curcumin in these assays. Functionally, local delivery of curcumin-PPS microspheres accelerated recovery from hind limb ischemia in diabetic mice, as demonstrated using non-invasive imaging techniques. This work demonstrates the potential for PPS microspheres as a generalizable vehicle for ROS-demanded drug release and establishes the utility of this platform for improving local curcumin bioavailability for treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Poole
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1631, USA
| | - Christopher E Nelson
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1631, USA
| | - Rucha V Joshi
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1631, USA
| | - John R Martin
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1631, USA
| | - Mukesh K Gupta
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1631, USA
| | - Skylar C Haws
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1631, USA
| | - Taylor E Kavanaugh
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1631, USA
| | - Melissa C Skala
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1631, USA
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, PMB 351631, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1631, USA.
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33
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Poole KM, McCormack DR, Patil CA, Duvall CL, Skala MC. Quantifying the vascular response to ischemia with speckle variance optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:4118-30. [PMID: 25574425 PMCID: PMC4285592 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.004118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal monitoring techniques for preclinical models of vascular remodeling are critical to the development of new therapies for pathological conditions such as ischemia and cancer. In models of skeletal muscle ischemia in particular, there is a lack of quantitative, non-invasive and long term assessment of vessel morphology. Here, we have applied speckle variance optical coherence tomography (OCT) methods to quantitatively assess vascular remodeling and growth in a mouse model of peripheral arterial disease. This approach was validated on two different mouse strains known to have disparate rates and abilities of recovering following induction of hind limb ischemia. These results establish the potential for speckle variance OCT as a tool for quantitative, preclinical screening of pro- and anti-angiogenic therapies.
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34
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Munn LL, Padera TP. Imaging the lymphatic system. Microvasc Res 2014; 96:55-63. [PMID: 24956510 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Visualization of the lymphatic system is clinically necessary during diagnosis or treatment of many conditions and diseases; it is used for identifying and monitoring lymphedema, for detecting metastatic lesions during cancer staging and for locating lymphatic structures so they can be spared during surgical procedures. Imaging lymphatic anatomy and function also plays an important role in experimental studies of lymphatic development and function, where spatial resolution and accessibility are better. Here, we review technologies for visualizing and imaging the lymphatic system for clinical applications. We then describe the use of lymphatic imaging in experimental systems as well as some of the emerging technologies for improving these methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance L Munn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Timothy P Padera
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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35
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Lee J, Jiang JY, Wu W, Lesage F, Boas DA. Statistical intensity variation analysis for rapid volumetric imaging of capillary network flux. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:1160-72. [PMID: 24761298 PMCID: PMC3986000 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based technique for rapid volumetric imaging of red blood cell (RBC) flux in capillary networks. Previously we reported that OCT can capture individual RBC passage within a capillary, where the OCT intensity signal at a voxel fluctuates when an RBC passes the voxel. Based on this finding, we defined a metric of statistical intensity variation (SIV) and validated that the mean SIV is proportional to the RBC flux [RBC/s] through simulations and measurements. From rapidly scanned volume data, we used Hessian matrix analysis to vectorize a segment path of each capillary and estimate its flux from the mean of the SIVs gathered along the path. Repeating this process led to a 3D flux map of the capillary network. The present technique enabled us to trace the RBC flux changes over hundreds of capillaries with a temporal resolution of ~1 s during functional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwan Lee
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | | | - Weicheng Wu
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Frederic Lesage
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Canada
| | - David A. Boas
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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36
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Yousefi S, Zhi Z, Wang RK. Label-free optical imaging of lymphatic vessels within tissue beds in vivo. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2014; 20:6800510. [PMID: 25642129 PMCID: PMC4307825 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2013.2278073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels are a part of circulatory system in vertebrates that maintain tissue fluid homeostasis and drain excess fluid and large cells that cannot easily find their way back into venous system. Due to the lack of non-invasive monitoring tools, lymphatic vessels are known as forgotten circulation. However, lymphatic system plays an important role in diseases such as cancer and inflammatory conditions. In this paper, we start to briefly review the current existing methods for imaging lymphatic vessels, mostly involving dye/targeting cell injection. We then show the capability of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for label-free non-invasive in vivo imaging of lymph vessels and nodes. One of the advantages of using OCT over other imaging modalities is its ability to assess label-free blood flow perfusion that can be simultaneously observed along with lymphatic vessels for imaging the microcirculatory system within tissue beds. Imaging the microcirculatory system including blood and lymphatic vessels can be utilized for imaging and better understanding pathologic mechanisms and treatment technique development in some critical diseases such as inflammation, malignant cancer angiogenesis and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Yousefi
- Bioengineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Zhongwei Zhi
- Bioengineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Bioengineering and Ophthalmology Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Yousefi S, Qin J, Dziennis S, Wang RK. Assessment of microcirculation dynamics during cutaneous wound healing phases in vivo using optical microangiography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:76015. [PMID: 25036212 PMCID: PMC4103582 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.7.076015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing consists of multiple overlapping phases starting with blood coagulation following incision of blood vessels. We utilized label-free optical coherence tomography and optical microangiography (OMAG) to noninvasively monitor healing process and dynamics of microcirculation system in a mouse ear pinna wound model. Mouse ear pinna is composed of two layers of skin separated by a layer of cartilage and because its total thickness is around 500 μm, it can be utilized as an ideal model for optical imaging techniques. These skin layers are identical to human skin structure except for sweat ducts and glands. Microcirculatory system responds to the wound injury by recruiting collateral vessels to supply blood flow to hypoxic region. During the inflammatory phase, lymphatic vessels play an important role in the immune response of the tissue and clearing waste from interstitial fluid. In the final phase of wound healing, tissue maturation, and remodeling, the wound area is fully closed while blood vessels mature to support the tissue cells. We show that using OMAG technology allows noninvasive and label-free monitoring and imaging each phase of wound healing that can be used to replace invasive tissue sample histology and immunochemistry technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Yousefi
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jia Qin
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Suzan Dziennis
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Ruikang K. Wang, E-mail:
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Blei F. Update December 2013. Lymphat Res Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2013.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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