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Schmidt VM, Zelger P, Wöss C, Fodor M, Hautz T, Schneeberger S, Huck CW, Arora R, Brunner A, Zelger B, Schirmer M, Pallua JD. Handheld hyperspectral imaging as a tool for the post-mortem interval estimation of human skeletal remains. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25844. [PMID: 38375262 PMCID: PMC10875450 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In forensic medicine, estimating human skeletal remains' post-mortem interval (PMI) can be challenging. Following death, bones undergo a series of chemical and physical transformations due to their interactions with the surrounding environment. Post-mortem changes have been assessed using various methods, but estimating the PMI of skeletal remains could still be improved. We propose a new methodology with handheld hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system based on the first results from 104 human skeletal remains with PMIs ranging between 1 day and 2000 years. To differentiate between forensic and archaeological bone material, the Convolutional Neural Network analyzed 65.000 distinct diagnostic spectra: the classification accuracy was 0.58, 0.62, 0.73, 0.81, and 0.98 for PMIs of 0 week-2 weeks, 2 weeks-6 months, 6 months-1 year, 1 year-10 years, and >100 years, respectively. In conclusion, HSI can be used in forensic medicine to distinguish bone materials >100 years old from those <10 years old with an accuracy of 98%. The model has adequate predictive performance, and handheld HSI could serve as a novel approach to objectively and accurately determine the PMI of human skeletal remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena-Maria Schmidt
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Muellerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Zelger
- University Clinic for Hearing, Voice and Speech Disorders, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Wöss
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Muellerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Margot Fodor
- OrganLifeTM, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Theresa Hautz
- OrganLifeTM, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Schneeberger
- OrganLifeTM, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Wolfgang Huck
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rohit Arora
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrea Brunner
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology, and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Muellerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Zelger
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology, and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Muellerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Schirmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Dominikus Pallua
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Mun NE, Tran TKC, Park DH, Im JH, Park JI, Le TD, Moon YJ, Kwon SY, Yoo SW. Endoscopic Hyperspectral Imaging System to Discriminate Tissue Characteristics in Tissue Phantom and Orthotopic Mouse Pancreatic Tumor Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:208. [PMID: 38534482 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we developed an endoscopic hyperspectral imaging (eHSI) system and evaluated its performance in analyzing tissues within tissue phantoms and orthotopic mouse pancreatic tumor models. Our custom-built eHSI system incorporated a liquid crystal tunable filter. To assess its tissue discrimination capabilities, we acquired images of tissue phantoms, distinguishing between fat and muscle regions. The system underwent supervised training using labeled samples, and this classification model was then applied to other tissue phantom images for evaluation. In the tissue phantom experiment, the eHSI effectively differentiated muscle from fat and background tissues. The precision scores regarding fat tissue classification were 98.3% for the support vector machine, 97.7% for the neural network, and 96.0% with a light gradient-boosting machine algorithm, respectively. Furthermore, we applied the eHSI system to identify tumors within an orthotopic mouse pancreatic tumor model. The F-score of each pancreatic tumor-bearing model reached 73.1% for the KPC tumor model and 63.1% for the Pan02 tumor models. The refined imaging conditions and optimization of the fine-tuning of classification algorithms enhance the versatility and diagnostic efficacy of eHSI in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Eun Mun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Kim Chi Tran
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hui Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Im
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Il Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Thanh Dat Le
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Young Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Woong Yoo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea
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Pruitt K, Modir N, Nawawithan N, Tran M, Fei B. Optimization of a real-time LED based spectral imaging system. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2024; 12853:128530D. [PMID: 38741718 PMCID: PMC11090289 DOI: 10.1117/12.3005452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
We are designing a real-time spectral imaging system using micro-LEDs and a high-speed micro-camera for potential endoscopic applications. Currently, gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic imaging has largely been limited to white light imaging (WLI), while other endoscopic approaches have seen advancements in imaging techniques including fluorescence imaging, narrow-band imaging, and stereoscopic visualization. To further advance GI endoscopic imaging, we are working towards a high-speed spectral imaging system that can be implemented with a chip-on-tip design for a flexible endoscope. Hyperspectral imaging has potential applications in a variety of imaging procedures with its ability to discern spectral footprints of the imaging field in a series of two-dimensional images at different wavelengths. For investigating the feasibility of a real-time LED-based hyperspectral imaging system for endoscopic applications we designed and developed a large-scale prototype using through-hole LEDs, which is further analyzed as we design our future system. For high quality imaging, the LED array must be designed with the specific illumination patterns and intensities of each LED considered. We present our work in optimizing our current LED array through optical simulations performed in silico. Damped least squares and orthogonal descent algorithms are implemented to maximize irradiance power and improve illumination homogeneity at several working distances by adjusting radial distances of each LED from the camera. With our prototype LED-based hyperspectral imaging system, the simulation and optimization approach achieved an average increase of 8.36 ± 8.79% in irradiance and a 4.3% decrease in standard deviation at multiple working distances and field-of-views for each LED, as compared to the original design, leading to improved image quality and maintained acquisition speeds. This work highlights the value of in silico optical simulation and provides a framework for improved optical system design and will inform design decisions in future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelden Pruitt
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
| | - Naeeme Modir
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
| | - Nati Nawawithan
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
| | - Minh Tran
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
| | - Baowei Fei
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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El-Sharkawy YH. Development of a custom optical imaging system for non-invasive monitoring and delineation of lower limb varicose veins using hyperspectral imaging and quantitative phase analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103808. [PMID: 37743004 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicose veins (VV) are a prevalent chronic venous disorder, particularly affecting women of childbearing age. This condition is associated with significant complications, including pain, discomfort, leg cramps, ulceration, reduced quality of life, absenteeism, and even mortality. This study aims to develop a custom non-invasive, non-contact optical imaging system combined with magnitude and phase image calculation to monitor and visualize varicose veins and their tributaries using hyperspectral imaging and quantitative phase analysis with a k-means clustering algorithm. RESULTS Ten volunteers participated in the optical imaging system study. They were exposed to a polychromatic light source spanning the wavelength range of 400 nm-950 nm. The diffuse reflection spectra for varicose veins exhibited a peak at 530 nm, while leg veins showed a peak at 780 nm. Hyperspectral images obtained at these specific wavelengths were normalized in order to homogenize the spectral signatures of each pixel (converting the hyperspectral image to 8 bit RGB image) and filtered using a moving average filter. Subsequently, the varicose veins and leg veins were delineated and detected using quantitative phase analysis and a k-means clustering algorithm. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the custom optical imaging system, utilizing hyperspectral imaging and the associated clustering algorithm, provides detailed information regarding the spatial distribution of varicose veins. This information can assist vascular physicians in facilitating easier diagnosis and treatment planning.
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Kashchenko VA, Lodygin AV, Krasnoselsky KY, Zaytsev VV, Kamshilin AA. Intra-abdominal laparoscopic assessment of organs perfusion using imaging photoplethysmography. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:8919-8929. [PMID: 37872427 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An objective evaluation of the functional state and viability of biological tissues during minimally invasive surgery remains unsolved task. Various non-contact methods for evaluating perfusion during laparoscopic surgery are discussed in the literature, but so far there have been no reports of their use in clinical settings. METHODS AND PATIENTS Imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) is a new method for quantitative assessment of perfusion distribution along the tissue. This is the first study in which we demonstrate successful use of iPPG to assess perfusion of organs during laparoscopic surgery in an operation theater. We used a standard rigid laparoscope connected to a standard digital monochrome camera, and abdominal organs were illuminated by green light. A distinctive feature is the synchronous recording of video frames and electrocardiogram with subsequent correlation data processing. During the laparoscopically assisted surgeries in nine cancer patients, the gradient of perfusion of the affected organs was evaluated. In particular, measurements were carried out before preparing a part of the intestine or stomach for resection, after anastomosis, or during physiological tests. RESULTS The spatial distribution of perfusion and its changes over time were successfully measured in all surgical cases. In particular, perfusion gradient of an intestine before resection was visualized and quantified by our iPPG laparoscope in all respective cases. It was also demonstrated that systemic administration of norepinephrine leads to a sharper gradient between well and poorly perfused areas of the colon. In four surgical cases, we have shown capability of the laparoscopic iPPG system for intra-abdominal assessment of perfusion in the anastomosed organs. Moreover, good repeatability of continuous long-term measurements of tissue perfusion inside the abdominal cavity was experimentally demonstrated. CONCLUSION Our study carried out in real clinical settings has shown that iPPG laparoscope is feasible for intra-abdominal visualization and quantitative assessment of perfusion distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A Kashchenko
- First Surgical Department, North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center Named After L.G. Sokolov of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194291
- Department of Faculty Surgery, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 199106
| | - Alexander V Lodygin
- First Surgical Department, North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center Named After L.G. Sokolov of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194291
- Department of Faculty Surgery, St. Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 199106
| | - Konstantin Yu Krasnoselsky
- First Surgical Department, North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center Named After L.G. Sokolov of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194291
- Department of Anesthesiology-Resuscitation and Emergency Pediatrics, St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194100
| | - Valeriy V Zaytsev
- Laboratory of New Functional Materials for Photonics, Institute of Automation and Control Processes of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, 690041
- Organizational and Methodological Department, North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center Named After L.G. Sokolov of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194291
| | - Alexei A Kamshilin
- Laboratory of New Functional Materials for Photonics, Institute of Automation and Control Processes of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia, 690041.
- Organizational and Methodological Department, North-Western District Scientific and Clinical Center Named After L.G. Sokolov of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 194291.
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Zhang L, Liao J, Wang H, Zhang M, Liu Y, Jiang C, Han D, Jia Z, Qin C, Niu S, Bu H, Yao J, Liu Y. Near-Infrared II Hyperspectral Imaging Improves the Accuracy of Pathological Sampling of Multiple Cancer Types. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100212. [PMID: 37442199 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological histology is the "gold standard" for clinical diagnosis of cancer. Incomplete or excessive sampling of the formalin-fixed excised cancer specimen will result in inaccurate histologic assessment or excessive workload. Conventionally, pathologists perform specimen sampling relying on naked-eye observation, which is subjective and limited by human perception. Precise identification of cancer tissue, size, and margin is challenging, especially for lesions with inconspicuous tumors. To overcome the limits of human eye perception (visible: 400-700 nm) and improve the sampling efficiency, in this study, we propose using a second near-infrared window (NIR-II: 900-1700 nm) hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system to assist specimen sampling on the strength of the verified deep anatomical penetration and low scattering characteristics of the NIR-II optical window. We used selected NIR-II HSI narrow bands to synthesize color images for human eye observation and also applied a machine learning-based algorithm on the complete NIR-II HSI data for automatic tissue classification to assist pathologists in specimen sampling. A total of 92 tumor samples were collected, including 7 types. Sixty-two (62/92) samples were used as the validation set. Five experienced pathologists marked the contour of the cancer tissue on conventional color images by using different methods, and compared it with the "gold standard," showing that NIR-II HSI-assisted methods had significant improvements in determining cancer tissue compared with conventional methods (conventional color image with or without X-ray). The proposed system can be easily integrated into the current workflow, with high imaging efficiency and no ionizing radiation. It may also find applications in intraoperative detection of residual lesions and identification of different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jun Liao
- AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Han Wang
- AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | | | - Dandan Han
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zhanli Jia
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | | | - ShuYao Niu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hong Bu
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jianhua Yao
- AI Lab, Tencent, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
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Doyle K, Magbagbeola M, Rai ZL, Waterhouse D, Lindenroth L, Dwyer G, Gander A, Stilli A, Davidson BR, Stoyanov D. The Application of Machine Perfusion as an Enhanced ex vivo Model for Optical Imaging. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-7. [PMID: 38083568 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10341091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging techniques such as spectral imaging show promise for the assessment of tissue health during surgery; however, the validation and translation of such techniques into clinical practise is limited by the lack of representative tissue models. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of an organ perfusion machine as an ex vivo tissue model for optical imaging. Three porcine livers are perfused at stepped blood oxygen saturations. Over the duration of each perfusion, spectral data of the tissue are captured via diffuse optical spectroscopy and multispectral imaging. These data are synchronised with blood oxygen saturation measurements recorded by the perfusion machine. Shifts in the optical properties of the tissue are demonstrated over the duration of the each perfusion, as the tissue becomes reperfused and as the oxygen saturation is varied.
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Sippel F, Seiler J, Kaup A. Synthetic hyperspectral array video database with applications to cross-spectral reconstruction and hyperspectral video coding. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:479-491. [PMID: 37133017 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.479552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a synthetic hyperspectral video database is introduced. Since it is impossible to record ground-truth hyperspectral videos, this database offers the possibility to leverage the evaluation of algorithms in diverse applications. For all scenes, depth maps are provided as well to yield the position of a pixel in all spatial dimensions as well as the reflectance in spectral dimension. Two novel algorithms for two different applications are proposed to prove the diversity of applications that can be addressed by this novel database. First, a cross-spectral image reconstruction algorithm is extended to exploit the temporal correlation between two consecutive frames. The evaluation using this hyperspectral database shows an increase in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of up to 5.6 dB dependent on the scene. Second, a hyperspectral video coder is introduced, which extends an existing hyperspectral image coder by exploiting temporal correlation. The evaluation shows rate savings of up to 10% depending on the scene.
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Tomanic T, Rogelj L, Stergar J, Markelc B, Bozic T, Brezar SK, Sersa G, Milanic M. Estimating quantitative physiological and morphological tissue parameters of murine tumor models using hyperspectral imaging and optical profilometry. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200181. [PMID: 36054067 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding tumors and their microenvironment are essential for successful and accurate disease diagnosis. Tissue physiology and morphology are altered in tumors compared to healthy tissues, and there is a need to monitor tumors and their surrounding tissues, including blood vessels, non-invasively. This preliminary study utilizes a multimodal optical imaging system combining hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and three-dimensional (3D) optical profilometry (OP) to capture hyperspectral images and surface shapes of subcutaneously grown murine tumor models. Hyperspectral images are corrected with 3D OP data and analyzed using the inverse-adding doubling (IAD) method to extract tissue properties such as melanin volume fraction and oxygenation. Blood vessels are segmented using the B-COSFIRE algorithm from oxygenation maps. From 3D OP data, tumor volumes are calculated and compared to manual measurements using a vernier caliper. Results show that tumors can be distinguished from healthy tissue based on most extracted tissue parameters ( p < 0.05 ). Furthermore, blood oxygenation is 50% higher within the blood vessels than in the surrounding tissue, and tumor volumes calculated using 3D OP agree within 26% with manual measurements using a vernier caliper. Results suggest that combining HSI and OP could provide relevant quantitative information about tumors and improve the disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadej Tomanic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Rogelj
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jost Stergar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bostjan Markelc
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tim Bozic
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simona Kranjc Brezar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Sersa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Milanic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Chen H, Li Q, Hu Q, Jiao X, Ren W, Wang S, Peng G. Double spiral chip-embedded micro-trapezoid filters (SMT filters) for the sensitive isolation of CTCs of prostate cancer by spectral detection. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5392-5403. [PMID: 36540122 PMCID: PMC9724689 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that are released from the original tumor and circulate in the blood vessels, carrying greatly similar constituents as the original tumor. Therefore, CTCs have a significant value in cancer prognosis, early diagnosis, and anti-cancer therapy. However, their rarity and heterogeneity make the isolation of CTCs an arduous task. In the present research, we propose a double spiral chip-embedded micro-trapezoid filter (SMT filter) for the sensitive isolation of the CTCs of prostate cancer by spectral detection. SMT filters were elongated to effectively capture CTCs and this distinctive design was conducive to their isolation and enrichment. The SMT filters were verified with tumor cells and artificial patient blood with a capture efficiency as high as 94% at a flow rate of 1.5 mL h-1. As a further validation, the SMT filters were validated in isolating CTCs from 10 prostate cancers and other cancers in 4 mL blood samples. Also, the CTCs tested positive for each patient blood sample, ranging from 83-114 CTCs. Significantly, we advanced hyperspectral imaging to detect the characteristic spectrum of CTCs both captured in situ on SMT filters and enriched after isolation. The CTCs could be positively identified by hyperspectral imaging with complete integrity of the cell morphology and an improved characteristic spectrum. This represents a breakthrough in the conventional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy of nanoparticles. Also, the characteristic spectrum of the CTCs would be highly beneficial for distinguishing the cancer type and accurate for enumerating tumor cells with varied intensities. Furthermore, a novel integrated flower-shaped microfilter was presented with all these aforementioned merits. The success of both the SMT filters and characteristic spectral detection indicated their feasibility for further clinical analysis, the evaluation of cancer therapy, and for potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- School of Microelectronics and Data Science, Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Qingli Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Qinghai Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital Shanghai 200070 P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Shuangshou Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Peng
- School of Microelectronics and Data Science, Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 P. R. China
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Insights into Biochemical Sources and Diffuse Reflectance Spectral Features for Colorectal Cancer Detection and Localization. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225715. [PMID: 36428806 PMCID: PMC9688116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second most deadly type of cancer worldwide. Early detection not only reduces mortality but also improves patient prognosis by allowing the use of minimally invasive techniques to remove cancer while avoiding major surgery. Expanding the use of microsurgical techniques requires accurate diagnosis and delineation of the tumor margins in order to allow complete excision of cancer. We have used diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) to identify the main optical CRC biomarkers and to optimize parameters for the integration of such technologies into medical devices. A total number of 2889 diffuse reflectance spectra were collected in ex vivo specimens from 47 patients. Short source-detector distance (SDD) and long-SDD fiber-optic probes were employed to measure tissue layers from 0.5 to 1 mm and from 0.5 to 1.9 mm deep, respectively. The most important biomolecules contributing to differentiating DRS between tissue types were oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin (Hb and HbO2), followed by water and lipid. Accurate tissue classification and potential DRS device miniaturization using Hb, HbO2, lipid and water data were achieved particularly well within the wavelength ranges 350-590 nm and 600-1230 nm for the short-SDD probe, and 380-400 nm, 420-610 nm, and 650-950 nm for the long-SDD probe.
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12
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Pfahl A, Köhler H, Thomaßen MT, Maktabi M, Bloße AM, Mehdorn M, Lyros O, Moulla Y, Niebisch S, Jansen-Winkeln B, Chalopin C, Gockel I. Video: Clinical evaluation of a laparoscopic hyperspectral imaging system. Surg Endosc 2022; 36:7794-7799. [PMID: 35546207 PMCID: PMC9485189 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) during surgical procedures is a new method for perfusion quantification and tissue discrimination. Its use has been limited to open surgery due to large camera sizes, missing color video, or long acquisition times. A hand-held, laparoscopic hyperspectral camera has been developed now to overcome those disadvantages and evaluated clinically for the first time. Methods In a clinical evaluation study, gastrointestinal resectates of ten cancer patients were investigated using the laparoscopic hyperspectral camera. Reference data from corresponding anatomical regions were acquired with a clinically approved HSI system. An image registration process was executed that allowed for pixel-wise comparisons of spectral data and parameter images (StO2: oxygen saturation of tissue, NIR PI: near-infrared perfusion index, OHI: organ hemoglobin index, TWI: tissue water index) provided by both camera systems. The mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) served for the quantitative evaluations. Spearman’s rank correlation between factors related to the study design like the time of spectral white balancing and MAE, respectively RMSE, was calculated. Results The obtained mean MAEs between the TIVITA® Tissue and the laparoscopic hyperspectral system resulted in StO2: 11% ± 7%, NIR PI: 14±3, OHI: 14± 5, and TWI: 10 ± 2. The mean RMSE between both systems was 0.1±0.03 from 500 to 750 nm and 0.15 ±0.06 from 750 to 1000 nm. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients showed no significant correlation between MAE or RMSE and influencing factors related to the study design. Conclusion Qualitatively, parameter images of the laparoscopic system corresponded to those of the system for open surgery. Quantitative deviations were attributed to technical differences rather than the study design. Limitations of the presented study are addressed in current large-scale in vivo trials. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00464-022-09282-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin Pfahl
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Hannes Köhler
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madeleine T Thomaßen
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marianne Maktabi
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albrecht M Bloße
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Mehdorn
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Orestis Lyros
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yusef Moulla
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Niebisch
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Boris Jansen-Winkeln
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Klinikum St. Georg, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claire Chalopin
- Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Semmelweisstr. 14, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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J Waterhouse D, Stoyanov D. Optimized spectral filter design enables more accurate estimation of oxygen saturation in spectral imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2156-2173. [PMID: 35519287 PMCID: PMC9045927 DOI: 10.1364/boe.446975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen saturation (SO2) in tissue is a crucially important physiological parameter with ubiquitous clinical utility in diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring, as well as widespread use as an invaluable preclinical research tool. Multispectral imaging can be used to visualize SO2 non-invasively, non-destructively and without contact in real-time using narrow spectral filter sets, but typically, these spectral filter sets are poorly suited to a specific clinical task, application, or tissue type. In this work, we demonstrate the merit of optimizing spectral filter sets for more accurate estimation of SO2. Using tissue modelling and simulated multispectral imaging, we demonstrate filter optimization reduces the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) in estimating SO2 by up to 37% compared with evenly spaced filters. Moreover, we demonstrate up to a 79% decrease in RMSE for optimized filter sets compared with filter sets chosen to minimize mutual information. Wider adoption of this approach will result in more effective multispectral imaging systems that can address specific clinical needs and consequently, more widespread adoption of multispectral imaging technologies in disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale J Waterhouse
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
| | - Danail Stoyanov
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
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14
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Zenteno O, Trinh DH, Treuillet S, Lucas Y, Bazin T, Lamarque D, Daul C. Optical biopsy mapping on endoscopic image mosaics with a marker-free probe. Comput Biol Med 2022; 143:105234. [PMID: 35093845 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early diagnosis significantly increases the chances of survival; therefore, improved assisted exploration and screening techniques are necessary. Previously, we made use of an augmented multi-spectral endoscope by inserting an optical probe into the instrumentation channel. However, the limited field of view and the lack of markings left by optical biopsies on the tissue complicate the navigation and revisit of the suspect areas probed in-vivo. In this contribution two innovative tools are introduced to significantly increase the traceability and monitoring of patients in clinical practice: (i) video mosaicing to build a more comprehensive and panoramic view of large gastric areas; (ii) optical biopsy targeting and registration with the endoscopic images. The proposed optical flow-based mosaicing technique selects images that minimize texture discontinuities and is robust despite the lack of texture and illumination variations. The optical biopsy targeting is based on automatic tracking of a free-marker probe in the endoscopic view using deep learning to dynamically estimate its pose during exploration. The accuracy of pose estimation is sufficient to ensure a precise overlapping of the standard white-light color image and the hyperspectral probe image, assuming that the small target area of the organ is almost flat. This allows the mapping of all spatio-temporally tracked biopsy sites onto the panoramic mosaic. Experimental validations are carried out from videos acquired on patients in hospital. The proposed technique is purely software-based and therefore easily integrable into clinical practice. It is also generic and compatible to any imaging modality that connects to a fiberscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Zenteno
- Laboratoire PRISME, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Dinh-Hoan Trinh
- CRAN, UMR 7039 CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Yves Lucas
- Laboratoire PRISME, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Thomas Bazin
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie et oncologie digestive, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Dominique Lamarque
- Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologie et oncologie digestive, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Christian Daul
- CRAN, UMR 7039 CNRS and Université de Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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15
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Ayala L, Isensee F, Wirkert SJ, Vemuri AS, Maier-Hein KH, Fei B, Maier-Hein L. Band selection for oxygenation estimation with multispectral/hyperspectral imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:1224-1242. [PMID: 35414995 PMCID: PMC8973188 DOI: 10.1364/boe.441214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Multispectral imaging provides valuable information on tissue composition such as hemoglobin oxygen saturation. However, the real-time application of this technique in interventional medicine can be challenging due to the long acquisition times needed for large amounts of hyperspectral data with hundreds of bands. While this challenge can partially be addressed by choosing a discriminative subset of bands, the band selection methods proposed to date are mainly restricted by the availability of often hard to obtain reference measurements. We address this bottleneck with a new approach to band selection that leverages highly accurate Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. We hypothesize that a so chosen small subset of bands can reproduce or even improve upon the results of a quasi continuous spectral measurement. We further investigate whether novel domain adaptation techniques can address the inevitable domain shift stemming from the use of simulations. Initial results based on in silico and in vivo experiments suggest that 10-20 bands are sufficient to closely reproduce results from spectral measurements with 101 bands in the 500-700 nm range. The investigated domain adaptation technique, which only requires unlabeled in vivo measurements, yielded better results than the pure in silico band selection method. Overall, our method could guide development of fast multispectral imaging systems suited for interventional use without relying on complex hardware setups or manually labeled data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Ayala
- Division of Computer Assisted Medical Interventions (CAMI), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Fabian Isensee
- Division of Medical Image Computing (MIC), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Applied Computer Vision Lab, Helmholtz Imaging, Dallas, Texas 75001, USA
- Authors contributed equally
| | - Sebastian J Wirkert
- Division of Computer Assisted Medical Interventions (CAMI), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anant S Vemuri
- Division of Computer Assisted Medical Interventions (CAMI), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus H Maier-Hein
- Division of Medical Image Computing (MIC), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Baowei Fei
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080-4551, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75001, USA
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75001, USA
| | - Lena Maier-Hein
- Division of Computer Assisted Medical Interventions (CAMI), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Modir N, Shahedi M, Dormer J, Ma L, Ghaderi M, Sirsi S, Cheng YSL, Fei B. LED-based Hyperspectral Endoscopic Imaging. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 11954:1195408. [PMID: 36794092 PMCID: PMC9928531 DOI: 10.1117/12.2609023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral endoscopy can offer multiple advantages as compared to conventional endoscopy. Our goal is to design and develop a real-time hyperspectral endoscopic imaging system for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers using a micro-LED array as an in-situ illumination source. The wavelengths of the system range from ultraviolet to visible and near infrared. To evaluate the use of the LED array for hyperspectral imaging, we designed a prototype system and conducted ex vivo experiments using normal and cancerous tissues of mice, chicken, and sheep. We compared the results of our LED-based approach with our reference hyperspectral camera system. The results confirm the similarity between the LED-based hyperspectral imaging system and the reference HSI camera. Our LED-based hyperspectral imaging system can be used not only as an endoscope but also as a laparoscopic or handheld devices for cancer detection and surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeeme Modir
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
| | - Maysam Shahedi
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
| | - James Dormer
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
| | - Ling Ma
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
| | - Mohammadaref Ghaderi
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
| | - Shashank Sirsi
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
| | - Yi-Shing Lisa Cheng
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX
| | - Baowei Fei
- Center for Imaging and Surgical Innovation, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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17
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Clancy NT, Soares AS, Bano S, Lovat LB, Chand M, Stoyanov D. Intraoperative colon perfusion assessment using multispectral imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7556-7567. [PMID: 35003852 PMCID: PMC8713665 DOI: 10.1364/boe.435118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In colorectal surgery an anastomosis performed using poorly-perfused, ischaemic bowel segments may result in a leak and consequent morbidity. Traditional measures of perfusion assessment rely on clinical judgement and are mainly subjective, based on tissue appearance, leading to variability between clinicians. This paper describes a multispectral imaging (MSI) laparoscope that can derive quantitative measures of tissue oxygen saturation (SO2 ). The system uses a xenon surgical light source and fast filter wheel camera to capture eight narrow waveband images across the visible range in approximately 0.3 s. Spectral validation measurements were performed by imaging standardised colour tiles and comparing reflectance with ground truth spectrometer data. Tissue spectra were decomposed into individual contributions from haemoglobin, adipose tissue and scattering, using a previously-developed regression approach. Initial clinical results from seven patients undergoing colorectal surgery are presented and used to characterise measurement stability and reproducibility in vivo. Strategies to improve signal-to-noise ratio and correct for motion are described. Images of healthy bowel tissue (in vivo) indicate that baseline SO2 is approximately 75 ± 6%. The SO2 profile along a bowel segment following ligation of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) shows a decrease from the proximal to distal end. In the clinical cases shown, imaging results concurred with clinical judgements of the location of well-perfused tissue. Adipose tissue, visibly yellow in the RGB images, is shown to surround the mesentery and cover some of the serosa. SO2 in this tissue is consistently high, with mean value of 90%. These results show that MSI is a potential intraoperative guidance tool for assessment of perfusion. Mapping of SO2 in the colon could be used by surgeons to guide choice of transection points and ensure that well-perfused tissue is used to form an anastomosis. The observation of high mesenteric SO2 agrees with work in the literature and warrants further exploration. Larger studies incorporating with a wider cohort of clinicians will help to provide retrospective evidence of how this imaging technique may be able to reduce inter-operator variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil T. Clancy
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
| | - António S. Soares
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Sophia Bano
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK
| | - Laurence B. Lovat
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Manish Chand
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, UK
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Sciences, University College London, UK
| | - Danail Stoyanov
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK
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18
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Barberio M, Benedicenti S, Pizzicannella M, Felli E, Collins T, Jansen-Winkeln B, Marescaux J, Viola MG, Diana M. Intraoperative Guidance Using Hyperspectral Imaging: A Review for Surgeons. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11112066. [PMID: 34829413 PMCID: PMC8624094 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a novel optical imaging modality, which has recently found diverse applications in the medical field. HSI is a hybrid imaging modality, combining a digital photographic camera with a spectrographic unit, and it allows for a contactless and non-destructive biochemical analysis of living tissue. HSI provides quantitative and qualitative information of the tissue composition at molecular level in a contrast-free manner, hence making it possible to objectively discriminate between different tissue types and between healthy and pathological tissue. Over the last two decades, HSI has been increasingly used in the medical field, and only recently it has found an application in the operating room. In the last few years, several research groups have used this imaging modality as an intraoperative guidance tool within different surgical disciplines. Despite its great potential, HSI still remains far from being routinely used in the daily surgical practice, since it is still largely unknown to most of the surgical community. The aim of this study is to provide clinical surgeons with an overview of the capabilities, current limitations, and future directions of HSI for intraoperative guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Barberio
- Institute for Research against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67091 Strasbourg, France; (T.C.); (J.M.); (M.D.)
- General Surgery Department, Ospedale Card. G. Panico, 73039 Tricase, Italy; (S.B.); (M.P.); (M.G.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Benedicenti
- General Surgery Department, Ospedale Card. G. Panico, 73039 Tricase, Italy; (S.B.); (M.P.); (M.G.V.)
| | - Margherita Pizzicannella
- General Surgery Department, Ospedale Card. G. Panico, 73039 Tricase, Italy; (S.B.); (M.P.); (M.G.V.)
| | - Eric Felli
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department for BioMedical Research, Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Toby Collins
- Institute for Research against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67091 Strasbourg, France; (T.C.); (J.M.); (M.D.)
| | | | - Jacques Marescaux
- Institute for Research against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67091 Strasbourg, France; (T.C.); (J.M.); (M.D.)
| | - Massimo Giuseppe Viola
- General Surgery Department, Ospedale Card. G. Panico, 73039 Tricase, Italy; (S.B.); (M.P.); (M.G.V.)
| | - Michele Diana
- Institute for Research against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67091 Strasbourg, France; (T.C.); (J.M.); (M.D.)
- ICube Laboratory, Photonics Instrumentation for Health, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Strasbourg, France
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Williams S, Layard Horsfall H, Funnell JP, Hanrahan JG, Khan DZ, Muirhead W, Stoyanov D, Marcus HJ. Artificial Intelligence in Brain Tumour Surgery-An Emerging Paradigm. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13195010. [PMID: 34638495 PMCID: PMC8508169 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13195010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) platforms have the potential to cause a paradigm shift in brain tumour surgery. Brain tumour surgery augmented with AI can result in safer and more effective treatment. In this review article, we explore the current and future role of AI in patients undergoing brain tumour surgery, including aiding diagnosis, optimising the surgical plan, providing support during the operation, and better predicting the prognosis. Finally, we discuss barriers to the successful clinical implementation, the ethical concerns, and we provide our perspective on how the field could be advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (H.L.H.); (J.P.F.); (J.G.H.); (D.Z.K.); (W.M.); (H.J.M.)
- Wellcome/Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), London W1W 7TY, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Hugo Layard Horsfall
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (H.L.H.); (J.P.F.); (J.G.H.); (D.Z.K.); (W.M.); (H.J.M.)
- Wellcome/Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), London W1W 7TY, UK;
| | - Jonathan P. Funnell
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (H.L.H.); (J.P.F.); (J.G.H.); (D.Z.K.); (W.M.); (H.J.M.)
- Wellcome/Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), London W1W 7TY, UK;
| | - John G. Hanrahan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (H.L.H.); (J.P.F.); (J.G.H.); (D.Z.K.); (W.M.); (H.J.M.)
- Wellcome/Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), London W1W 7TY, UK;
| | - Danyal Z. Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (H.L.H.); (J.P.F.); (J.G.H.); (D.Z.K.); (W.M.); (H.J.M.)
- Wellcome/Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), London W1W 7TY, UK;
| | - William Muirhead
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (H.L.H.); (J.P.F.); (J.G.H.); (D.Z.K.); (W.M.); (H.J.M.)
- Wellcome/Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), London W1W 7TY, UK;
| | - Danail Stoyanov
- Wellcome/Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), London W1W 7TY, UK;
| | - Hani J. Marcus
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK; (H.L.H.); (J.P.F.); (J.G.H.); (D.Z.K.); (W.M.); (H.J.M.)
- Wellcome/Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), London W1W 7TY, UK;
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20
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Waterhouse DJ, Bano S, Januszewicz W, Stoyanov D, Fitzgerald RC, di Pietro M, Bohndiek SE. First-in-human pilot study of snapshot multispectral endoscopy for early detection of Barrett's-related neoplasia. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210159R. [PMID: 34628734 PMCID: PMC8501416 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.10.106002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The early detection of dysplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus could improve outcomes by enabling curative intervention; however, dysplasia is often inconspicuous using conventional white-light endoscopy. AIM We sought to determine whether multispectral imaging (MSI) could be applied in endoscopy to improve detection of dysplasia in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. APPROACH We used a commercial fiberscope to relay imaging data from within the upper GI tract to a snapshot MSI camera capable of collecting data from nine spectral bands. The system was deployed in a pilot clinical study of 20 patients (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03388047) to capture 727 in vivo image cubes matched with gold-standard diagnosis from histopathology. We compared the performance of seven learning-based methods for data classification, including linear discriminant analysis, k-nearest neighbor classification, and a neural network. RESULTS Validation of our approach using a Macbeth color chart achieved an image-based classification accuracy of 96.5%. Although our patient cohort showed significant intra- and interpatient variance, we were able to resolve disease-specific contributions to the recorded MSI data. In classification, a combined principal component analysis and k-nearest-neighbor approach performed best, achieving accuracies of 95.8%, 90.7%, and 76.1%, respectively, for squamous, non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus and neoplasia based on majority decisions per-image. CONCLUSIONS MSI shows promise for disease classification in Barrett's esophagus and merits further investigation as a tool in high-definition "chip-on-tip" endoscopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale J. Waterhouse
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics and CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophia Bano
- University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wladyslaw Januszewicz
- Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dan Stoyanov
- University College London, Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C. Fitzgerald
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano di Pietro
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics and CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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21
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Collins T, Maktabi M, Barberio M, Bencteux V, Jansen-Winkeln B, Chalopin C, Marescaux J, Hostettler A, Diana M, Gockel I. Automatic Recognition of Colon and Esophagogastric Cancer with Machine Learning and Hyperspectral Imaging. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101810. [PMID: 34679508 PMCID: PMC8535008 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
There are approximately 1.8 million diagnoses of colorectal cancer, 1 million diagnoses of stomach cancer, and 0.6 million diagnoses of esophageal cancer each year globally. An automatic computer-assisted diagnostic (CAD) tool to rapidly detect colorectal and esophagogastric cancer tissue in optical images would be hugely valuable to a surgeon during an intervention. Based on a colon dataset with 12 patients and an esophagogastric dataset of 10 patients, several state-of-the-art machine learning methods have been trained to detect cancer tissue using hyperspectral imaging (HSI), including Support Vector Machines (SVM) with radial basis function kernels, Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLP) and 3D Convolutional Neural Networks (3DCNN). A leave-one-patient-out cross-validation (LOPOCV) with and without combining these sets was performed. The ROC-AUC score of the 3DCNN was slightly higher than the MLP and SVM with a difference of 0.04 AUC. The best performance was achieved with the 3DCNN for colon cancer and esophagogastric cancer detection with a high ROC-AUC of 0.93. The 3DCNN also achieved the best DICE scores of 0.49 and 0.41 on the colon and esophagogastric datasets, respectively. These scores were significantly improved using a patient-specific decision threshold to 0.58 and 0.51, respectively. This indicates that, in practical use, an HSI-based CAD system using an interactive decision threshold is likely to be valuable. Experiments were also performed to measure the benefits of combining the colorectal and esophagogastric datasets (22 patients), and this yielded significantly better results with the MLP and SVM models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Collins
- Institute for Research against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67091 Strasbourg, France; (M.B.); (J.M.); (A.H.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marianne Maktabi
- Innovation Center Computer-Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Manuel Barberio
- Institute for Research against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67091 Strasbourg, France; (M.B.); (J.M.); (A.H.); (M.D.)
- General Surgery Department, Card. G. Panico, 73039 Tricase, Italy
| | - Valentin Bencteux
- ICUBE Laboratory, Photonics Instrumentation for Health, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Boris Jansen-Winkeln
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (B.J.-W.); (I.G.)
| | - Claire Chalopin
- Innovation Center Computer-Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.M.); (C.C.)
| | - Jacques Marescaux
- Institute for Research against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67091 Strasbourg, France; (M.B.); (J.M.); (A.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Alexandre Hostettler
- Institute for Research against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67091 Strasbourg, France; (M.B.); (J.M.); (A.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Michele Diana
- Institute for Research against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67091 Strasbourg, France; (M.B.); (J.M.); (A.H.); (M.D.)
- ICUBE Laboratory, Photonics Instrumentation for Health, University of Strasbourg, 67400 Strasbourg, France;
- Department of General, Digestive, and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM, Institute of Viral and Liver Disease, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Mitochondrion, Oxidative Stress and Muscle Protection (MSP)-EA 3072, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, 67085 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (B.J.-W.); (I.G.)
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22
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Yoon J, Joseph J, Waterhouse DJ, Borzy C, Siemens K, Diamond S, Tsikitis VL, Bohndiek SE. First experience in clinical application of hyperspectral endoscopy for evaluation of colonic polyps. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202100078. [PMID: 34047490 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Early detection and resection of adenomatous polyps prevents their progression to colorectal cancer (CRC), significantly improving patient outcomes. Polyps are typically identified and removed during white-light colonoscopy. Unfortunately, the rate of interval cancers that arise between CRC screening events remains high, linked to poor visualization of polyps during screening and incomplete polyp removal. Here, we sought to evaluate the potential of a hyperspectral endoscope (HySE) to enhance polyp discrimination for detection and resection. We designed, built and tested a new compact HySE in a proof-of-concept clinical study. We successfully collected spectra from three tissue types in seven patients undergoing routine colonoscopy screening. The acquired spectral data from normal tissue and polyps, both pre- and post- resection, were subjected to quantitative analysis using spectral angle mapping and machine learning, which discriminated the data by tissue type, meriting further investigation of HySE as a clinical tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghee Yoon
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Joseph
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Science and Engineering, Fulton Building, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Dale J Waterhouse
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Charlie Borzy
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kyla Siemens
- Department of Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sarah Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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23
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Barberio M, Collins T, Bencteux V, Nkusi R, Felli E, Viola MG, Marescaux J, Hostettler A, Diana M. Deep Learning Analysis of In Vivo Hyperspectral Images for Automated Intraoperative Nerve Detection. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1508. [PMID: 34441442 PMCID: PMC8391550 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nerves are critical structures that may be difficult to recognize during surgery. Inadvertent nerve injuries can have catastrophic consequences for the patient and lead to life-long pain and a reduced quality of life. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a non-invasive technique combining photography with spectroscopy, allowing non-invasive intraoperative biological tissue property quantification. We show, for the first time, that HSI combined with deep learning allows nerves and other tissue types to be automatically recognized in in vivo hyperspectral images. An animal model was used, and eight anesthetized pigs underwent neck midline incisions, exposing several structures (nerve, artery, vein, muscle, fat, skin). State-of-the-art machine learning models were trained to recognize these tissue types in HSI data. The best model was a convolutional neural network (CNN), achieving an overall average sensitivity of 0.91 and a specificity of 1.0, validated with leave-one-patient-out cross-validation. For the nerve, the CNN achieved an average sensitivity of 0.76 and a specificity of 0.99. In conclusion, HSI combined with a CNN model is suitable for in vivo nerve recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Barberio
- Department of Research, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, IHU-Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (V.B.); (E.F.)
- Department of Research, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, IRCAD, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (T.C.); (J.M.); (A.H.); (M.D.)
- Department of Surgery, Ospedale Card. G. Panico, 73039 Tricase, Italy;
| | - Toby Collins
- Department of Research, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, IRCAD, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (T.C.); (J.M.); (A.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Valentin Bencteux
- Department of Research, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, IHU-Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (V.B.); (E.F.)
| | - Richard Nkusi
- Department of Research, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, IRCAD Africa, Kigali 2 KN 30 ST, Rwanda;
| | - Eric Felli
- Department of Research, Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, IHU-Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (V.B.); (E.F.)
| | | | - Jacques Marescaux
- Department of Research, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, IRCAD, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (T.C.); (J.M.); (A.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Alexandre Hostettler
- Department of Research, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, IRCAD, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (T.C.); (J.M.); (A.H.); (M.D.)
| | - Michele Diana
- Department of Research, Research Institute against Digestive Cancer, IRCAD, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (T.C.); (J.M.); (A.H.); (M.D.)
- ICUBE Laboratory, Photonics Instrumentation for Health, 67412 Strasbourg, France
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24
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Tong Y, Ach T, Curcio CA, Smith RT. Hyperspectral autofluorescence characterization of drusen and sub-RPE deposits in age-related macular degeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 6. [PMID: 33791592 PMCID: PMC8009528 DOI: 10.21037/aes-20-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Soft drusen and basal linear deposit (BLinD) are two forms of the same extracellular lipid rich material that together make up an Oil Spill on Bruch’s membrane (BrM). Drusen are focal and can be recognized clinically. In contrast BLinD is thin and diffusely distributed, and invisible clinically, even on highest resolution OCT, but has been detected on en face hyperspectral autofluorescence (AF) imaging ex vivo. We sought to optimize histologic hyperspectral AF imaging and image analysis for recognition of drusen and sub-RPE deposits (including BLinD and basal laminar deposit), for potential clinical application. Methods: Twenty locations specifically with drusen and 12 additional locations specifically from fovea, perifovea and mid-periphery from RPE/BrM flatmounts from 4 AMD donors underwent hyperspectral AF imaging with 4 excitation wavelengths (λex 436, 450, 480 and 505 nm), and the resulting image cubes were simultaneously decomposed with our published non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). Rank 4 recovery of 4 emission spectra was chosen for each excitation wavelength. Results: A composite emission spectrum, sensitive and specific for drusen and presumed sub-RPE deposits (the SDr spectrum) was recovered with peak at 510–520 nm in all tissues with drusen, with greatest amplitudes at excitations λex 436, 450 and 480 nm. The RPE spectra of combined sources Lipofuscin (LF)/Melanolipofuscin (MLF) were of comparable amplitude and consistently recapitulated the spectra S1, S2 and S3 previously reported from all tissues: tissues with drusen, foveal and extra-foveal locations. Conclusions: A clinical hyperspectral AF camera, with properly chosen excitation wavelengths in the blue range and a hyperspectral AF detector, should be capable of detecting and quantifying drusen and sub-RPE deposits, the earliest known lesions of AMD, before any other currently available imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Ach
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Christine A Curcio
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - R Theodore Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Zenteno O, Treuillet S, Lucas Y. Pose estimation of a markerless fiber bundle for endoscopic optical biopsy. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2021; 8:025001. [PMID: 33681409 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.8.2.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We present a markerless vision-based method for on-the-fly three-dimensional (3D) pose estimation of a fiberscope instrument to target pathologic areas in the endoscopic view during exploration. Approach: A 2.5-mm-diameter fiberscope is inserted through the endoscope's operating channel and connected to an additional camera to perform complementary observation of a targeted area such as a multimodal magnifier. The 3D pose of the fiberscope is estimated frame-by-frame by maximizing the similarity between its silhouette (automatically detected in the endoscopic view using a deep learning neural network) and a cylindrical shape bound to a kinematic model reduced to three degrees-of-freedom. An alignment of the cylinder axis, based on Plücker coordinates from the straight edges detected in the image, makes convergence faster and more reliable. Results: The performance on simulations has been validated with a virtual trajectory mimicking endoscopic exploration and on real images of a chessboard pattern acquired with different endoscopic configurations. The experiments demonstrated a good accuracy and robustness of the proposed algorithm with errors of 0.33 ± 0.68 mm in distance position and 0.32 ± 0.11 deg in axis orientation for the 3D pose estimation, which reveals its superiority over previous approaches. This allows multimodal image registration with sufficient accuracy of < 3 pixels . Conclusion: Our pose estimation pipeline was executed on simulations and patterns; the results demonstrate the robustness of our method and the potential of fiber-optical instrument image-based tracking for pose estimation and multimodal registration. It can be fully implemented in software and therefore easily integrated into a routine clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Zenteno
- Université d'Orléans, Laboratoire PRISME, Orléans, France
| | | | - Yves Lucas
- Université d'Orléans, Laboratoire PRISME, Orléans, France
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26
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Jansen-Winkeln B, Barberio M, Chalopin C, Schierle K, Diana M, Köhler H, Gockel I, Maktabi M. Feedforward Artificial Neural Network-Based Colorectal Cancer Detection Using Hyperspectral Imaging: A Step towards Automatic Optical Biopsy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050967. [PMID: 33669082 PMCID: PMC7956537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Detection of colorectal carcinoma is performed visually by investigators and is confirmed pathologically. With hyperspectral imaging, an expanded spectral range of optical information is now available for analysis. The acquired recordings were analyzed with a neural network, and it was possible to differentiate tumor from healthy mucosa in colorectal carcinoma by automatic classification with high reliability. Classification and visualization were performed based on a four-layer perceptron neural network. Based on a neural network, the classification of CA or AD resulted in a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 95%, by means of leave-one-patient-out cross-validation. Additionally, significant differences in terms of perfusion parameters (e.g., oxygen saturation) related to tumor staging and neoadjuvant therapy were observed. This is a step towards optical biopsy. Abstract Currently, colorectal cancer (CRC) is mainly identified via a visual assessment during colonoscopy, increasingly used artificial intelligence algorithms, or surgery. Subsequently, CRC is confirmed through a histopathological examination by a pathologist. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI), a non-invasive optical imaging technology, has shown promising results in the medical field. In the current study, we combined HSI with several artificial intelligence algorithms to discriminate CRC. Between July 2019 and May 2020, 54 consecutive patients undergoing colorectal resections for CRC were included. The tumor was imaged from the mucosal side with a hyperspectral camera. The image annotations were classified into three groups (cancer, CA; adenomatous margin around the central tumor, AD; and healthy mucosa, HM). Classification and visualization were performed based on a four-layer perceptron neural network. Based on a neural network, the classification of CA or AD resulted in a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 95%, by means of leave-one-patient-out cross-validation. Additionally, significant differences in terms of perfusion parameters (e.g., oxygen saturation) related to tumor staging and neoadjuvant therapy were observed. Hyperspectral imaging combined with automatic classification can be used to differentiate between CRC and healthy mucosa. Additionally, the biological changes induced by chemotherapy to the tissue are detectable with HSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Jansen-Winkeln
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.B.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-9717211; Fax: +49-341-9728167
| | - Manuel Barberio
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.B.); (I.G.)
- Institute for Research against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67091 Strasbourg, France;
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Card. G. Panico, 73039 Tricase, Italy
| | - Claire Chalopin
- Innovation Center Computer-Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.C.); (H.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Katrin Schierle
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Michele Diana
- Institute for Research against Digestive Cancer (IRCAD), 67091 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Hannes Köhler
- Innovation Center Computer-Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.C.); (H.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Ines Gockel
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Marianne Maktabi
- Innovation Center Computer-Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (C.C.); (H.K.); (M.M.)
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27
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Kim J, Lew HM, Kim JH, Youn S, Faruque HA, Seo AN, Park SY, Chang JH, Kim E, Hwang JY. Forward-Looking Multimodal Endoscopic System Based on Optical Multispectral and High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging Techniques for Tumor Detection. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 40:594-606. [PMID: 33079654 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2020.3032275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We developed a forward-looking (FL) multimodal endoscopic system that offers color, spectral classified, high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) B-mode, and integrated backscattering coefficient (IBC) images for tumor detection in situ. Examination of tumor distributions from the surface of the colon to deeper inside is essential for determining a treatment plan of cancer. For example, the submucosal invasion depth of tumors in addition to the tumor distributions on the colon surface is used as an indicator of whether the endoscopic dissection would be operated. Thus, we devised the FL multimodal endoscopic system to offer information on the tumor distribution from the surface to deep tissue with high accuracy. This system was evaluated with bilayer gelatin phantoms which have different properties at each layer of the phantom in a lateral direction. After evaluating the system with phantoms, it was employed to characterize forty human colon tissues excised from cancer patients. The proposed system could allow us to obtain highly resolved chemical, anatomical, and macro-molecular information on excised colon tissues including tumors, thus enhancing the detection of tumor distributions from the surface to deep tissue. These results suggest that the FL multimodal endoscopic system could be an innovative screening instrument for quantitative tumor characterization.
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28
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Nogueira MS, Maryam S, Amissah M, Lu H, Lynch N, Killeen S, O'Riordain M, Andersson-Engels S. Evaluation of wavelength ranges and tissue depth probed by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for colorectal cancer detection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:798. [PMID: 33436684 PMCID: PMC7804163 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer worldwide and the second most deadly. Recent research efforts have focused on developing non-invasive techniques for CRC detection. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic capabilities of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for CRC detection by building 6 classification models based on support vector machines (SVMs). Our dataset consists of 2889 diffuse reflectance spectra collected from freshly excised ex vivo tissues of 47 patients over wavelengths ranging from 350 and 1919 nm with source-detector distances of 630-µm and 2500-µm to probe different depths. Quadratic SVMs were used and performance was evaluated using twofold cross-validation on 10 iterations of randomized training and test sets. We achieved (93.5 ± 2.4)% sensitivity, (94.0 ± 1.7)% specificity AUC by probing the superficial colorectal tissue and (96.1 ± 1.8)% sensitivity, (95.7 ± 0.6)% specificity AUC by sampling deeper tissue layers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first DRS study to investigate the potential of probing deeper tissue layers using larger SDD probes for CRC detection in the luminal wall. The data analysis showed that using a broader spectrum and longer near-infrared wavelengths can improve the diagnostic accuracy of CRC as well as probing deeper tissue layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Saito Nogueira
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Siddra Maryam
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michael Amissah
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Huihui Lu
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel Lynch
- Department of Surgery, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Shane Killeen
- Department of Surgery, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Stefan Andersson-Engels
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings, Dyke Parade, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
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29
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He Z, Wang P, Ye X. Novel endoscopic optical diagnostic technologies in medical trial research: recent advancements and future prospects. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:5. [PMID: 33407477 PMCID: PMC7789310 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-020-00845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel endoscopic biophotonic diagnostic technologies have the potential to non-invasively detect the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the human body with subcellular resolution or to obtain biochemical information about tissue in real time. With the capability to visualize or analyze the diagnostic target in vivo, these techniques gradually developed as potential candidates to challenge histopathology which remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Consequently, many innovative endoscopic diagnostic techniques have succeeded in detection, characterization, and confirmation: the three critical steps for routine endoscopic diagnosis. In this review, we mainly summarize researches on emerging endoscopic optical diagnostic techniques, with emphasis on recent advances. We also introduce the fundamental principles and the development of those techniques and compare their characteristics. Especially, we shed light on the merit of novel endoscopic imaging technologies in medical research. For example, hyperspectral imaging and Raman spectroscopy provide direct molecular information, while optical coherence tomography and multi-photo endomicroscopy offer a more extensive detection range and excellent spatial-temporal resolution. Furthermore, we summarize the unexplored application fields of these endoscopic optical techniques in major hospital departments for biomedical researchers. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the future perspectives, as well as bottlenecks of those endoscopic optical diagnostic technologies. We believe all these efforts will enrich the diagnostic toolbox for endoscopists, enhance diagnostic efficiency, and reduce the rate of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu He
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Ye
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of CAD and CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Browning CM, Deal J, Mayes S, Arshad A, Rich TC, Leavesley SJ. Excitation-scanning hyperspectral video endoscopy: enhancing the light at the end of the tunnel. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:247-271. [PMID: 33520384 PMCID: PMC7818959 DOI: 10.1364/boe.411640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the 3rd leading cancer for incidence and mortality rates. Positive treatment outcomes have been associated with early detection; however, early stage lesions have limited contrast to surrounding mucosa. A potential technology to enhance early stagise detection is hyperspectral imaging (HSI). While HSI technologies have been previously utilized to detect colorectal cancer ex vivo or post-operation, they have been difficult to employ in real-time endoscopy scenarios. Here, we describe an LED-based multifurcated light guide and spectral light source that can provide illumination for spectral imaging at frame rates necessary for video-rate endoscopy. We also present an updated light source optical ray-tracing model that resulted in further optimization and provided a ∼10X light transmission increase compared to the initial prototype. Future work will iterate simulation and benchtop testing of the hyperspectral endoscopic system to achieve the goal of video-rate spectral endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M. Browning
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, AL 36688, USA
- Systems Engineering, University of South Alabama, AL 36688, USA
| | - Joshua Deal
- Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, AL 36688, USA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, AL 36688, USA
| | - Sam Mayes
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, AL 36688, USA
- Systems Engineering, University of South Alabama, AL 36688, USA
| | - Arslan Arshad
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, AL 36688, USA
| | - Thomas C. Rich
- Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, AL 36688, USA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, AL 36688, USA
| | - Silas J. Leavesley
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, AL 36688, USA
- Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, AL 36688, USA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, AL 36688, USA
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Wisotzky EL, Kossack B, Uecker FC, Arens P, Hilsmann A, Eisert P. Validation of two techniques for intraoperative hyperspectral human tissue determination. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2020; 7:065001. [PMID: 33241074 PMCID: PMC7675006 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.7.6.065001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a non-contact optical imaging technique with the potential to serve as an intraoperative computer-aided diagnostic tool. Our work analyzes the optical properties of visible structures in the surgical field for automatic tissue categorization. Approach: Building an HSI-based computer-aided tissue analysis system requires accurate ground truth and validation of optical soft tissue properties as these show large variability. We introduce and validate two different hyperspectral intraoperative imaging setups and their use for the analysis of optical tissue properties. First, we present an improved multispectral filter-wheel setup integrated into a fully digital microscope. Second, we present a novel setup of two hyperspectral snapshot cameras for intraoperative usage. Both setups are operating in the spectral range of 400 up to 975 nm. They are calibrated and validated using the same database and calibration set. Results: For validation, a color chart with 18 well-defined color spectra in the visual range is analyzed. Thus the results acquired with both settings become transferable and comparable to each other as well as between different interventions. On patient data of two different otorhinolaryngology procedures, we analyze the optical behaviors of different soft tissues and show a visualization of such different spectral information. Conclusion: The introduced calibration pipeline for different HSI setups allows comparison between all acquired spectral information. Clinical in vivo data underline the potential of HSI as an intraoperative diagnostic tool and the clinical usability of both introduced setups. Thereby, we demonstrate their feasibility for the in vivo analysis and categorization of different human soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L. Wisotzky
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Computer Vision and Graphics Group, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Visual Computing Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kossack
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Computer Vision and Graphics Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian C. Uecker
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Arens
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Hilsmann
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Computer Vision and Graphics Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Eisert
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Computer Vision and Graphics Group, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Visual Computing Group, Berlin, Germany
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Wisotzky EL, Kossack B, Uecker FC, Arens P, Hilsmann A, Eisert P. Validation of two techniques for intraoperative hyperspectral human tissue determination. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2020; 7:065001. [PMID: 33241074 DOI: 10.1117/12.251281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a non-contact optical imaging technique with the potential to serve as an intraoperative computer-aided diagnostic tool. Our work analyzes the optical properties of visible structures in the surgical field for automatic tissue categorization. Approach: Building an HSI-based computer-aided tissue analysis system requires accurate ground truth and validation of optical soft tissue properties as these show large variability. We introduce and validate two different hyperspectral intraoperative imaging setups and their use for the analysis of optical tissue properties. First, we present an improved multispectral filter-wheel setup integrated into a fully digital microscope. Second, we present a novel setup of two hyperspectral snapshot cameras for intraoperative usage. Both setups are operating in the spectral range of 400 up to 975 nm. They are calibrated and validated using the same database and calibration set. Results: For validation, a color chart with 18 well-defined color spectra in the visual range is analyzed. Thus the results acquired with both settings become transferable and comparable to each other as well as between different interventions. On patient data of two different otorhinolaryngology procedures, we analyze the optical behaviors of different soft tissues and show a visualization of such different spectral information. Conclusion: The introduced calibration pipeline for different HSI setups allows comparison between all acquired spectral information. Clinical in vivo data underline the potential of HSI as an intraoperative diagnostic tool and the clinical usability of both introduced setups. Thereby, we demonstrate their feasibility for the in vivo analysis and categorization of different human soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Wisotzky
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Computer Vision and Graphics Group, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Visual Computing Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Kossack
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Computer Vision and Graphics Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian C Uecker
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Arens
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Hilsmann
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Computer Vision and Graphics Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Eisert
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, Computer Vision and Graphics Group, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Visual Computing Group, Berlin, Germany
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Köhler H, Kulcke A, Maktabi M, Moulla Y, Jansen-Winkeln B, Barberio M, Diana M, Gockel I, Neumuth T, Chalopin C. Laparoscopic system for simultaneous high-resolution video and rapid hyperspectral imaging in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200121RR. [PMID: 32860357 PMCID: PMC7453262 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.8.086004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) can support intraoperative perfusion assessment, the identification of tissue structures, and the detection of cancerous lesions. The practical use of HSI for minimal-invasive surgery is currently limited, for example, due to long acquisition times, missing video, or large set-ups. AIM An HSI laparoscope is described and evaluated to address the requirements for clinical use and high-resolution spectral imaging. APPROACH Reflectance measurements with reference objects and resected human tissue from 500 to 1000 nm are performed to show the consistency with an approved medical HSI device for open surgery. Varying object distances are investigated, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is determined for different light sources. RESULTS The handheld design enables real-time processing and visualization of HSI data during acquisition within 4.6 s. A color video is provided simultaneously and can be augmented with spectral information from push-broom imaging. The reflectance data from the HSI system for open surgery at 50 cm and the HSI laparoscope are consistent for object distances up to 10 cm. A standard rigid laparoscope in combination with a customized LED light source resulted in a mean SNR of 30 to 43 dB (500 to 950 nm). CONCLUSIONS Compact and rapid HSI with a high spatial- and spectral-resolution is feasible in clinical practice. Our work may support future studies on minimally invasive HSI to reduce intra- and postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Köhler
- University of Leipzig, Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery, Leipzig, Germany
- Diaspective Vision GmbH, Am Salzhaff, Germany
- Address all correspondence to Hannes Köhler, E-mail: Hannes.
| | - Axel Kulcke
- Diaspective Vision GmbH, Am Salzhaff, Germany
| | - Marianne Maktabi
- University of Leipzig, Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yusef Moulla
- University Hospital of Leipzig, Department of Visceral, Thoracic, Transplant, and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Boris Jansen-Winkeln
- University Hospital of Leipzig, Department of Visceral, Thoracic, Transplant, and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuel Barberio
- IHU-Strasbourg Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Michele Diana
- IHU-Strasbourg Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ines Gockel
- University Hospital of Leipzig, Department of Visceral, Thoracic, Transplant, and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Neumuth
- University of Leipzig, Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claire Chalopin
- University of Leipzig, Innovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery, Leipzig, Germany
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Aboughaleb IH, Aref MH, El-Sharkawy YH. Hyperspectral imaging for diagnosis and detection of ex-vivo breast cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101922. [PMID: 32726640 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Breast cancer is one of the most widely recognized tumors. .Diagnosis made in the early stage of disease may imporve outcomes. The discovery of malignant growth utilizing noninvasive light intrusive methods in lieu of conventional excisional biopsy may assist in achieving this goal. MATERIALS AND METHODS The change of the optical properties of ex-vivo breast tissues provides different responses to light transmission, absorption, and particularly the reflection over the spectrum range. We offer the use of Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) with advanced image processing and pattern recognition in order to analyze HSI data for breast cancer detection. The spectral signatures were mined and evaluated in both malignant and normal tissue. K-mean clustering was designed for classifying hyperspectral data in order to evaluate and detection of cancer tissue. This method was used to detect ex-vivo breast cancer. Spatial spectral images were created to high spot the differences in the reflectance properties of malignant versus normal tissue. RESULTS Trials showed that the superficial spectral reflection images within 500 nm wavelength showed high variance (214.65) between cancerous and normal breast tissues. On the other hand, image within 620 nm wavelength showed low variance (0.0020).However, the superimposed of spectral region 420-620 nm was proposed as the optimum bandwidth. Finally, the proposed HS imaging system was capable to discriminate the tumor region from normal tissue of the ex-vivo breast sample with sensitivity and a specificity of 95 % and 96 %. CONCLUSIONS High sensitivity and specificity were achieved, which proposes potential for HSI as an edge evaluation method to enhance the surgical outcome compared to the presently available techniques in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim H Aboughaleb
- Military Technical College, Biomedical Engineering Department, El-Fangary Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Hisham Aref
- Military Technical College, Biomedical Engineering Department, El-Fangary Street, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Yasser H El-Sharkawy
- Military Technical College, Biomedical Engineering Department, El-Fangary Street, Cairo, Egypt.
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Clancy NT, Jones G, Maier-Hein L, Elson DS, Stoyanov D. Surgical spectral imaging. Med Image Anal 2020; 63:101699. [PMID: 32375102 PMCID: PMC7903143 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological developments have resulted in the availability of miniaturised spectral imaging sensors capable of operating in the multi- (MSI) and hyperspectral imaging (HSI) regimes. Simultaneous advances in image-processing techniques and artificial intelligence (AI), especially in machine learning and deep learning, have made these data-rich modalities highly attractive as a means of extracting biological information non-destructively. Surgery in particular is poised to benefit from this, as spectrally-resolved tissue optical properties can offer enhanced contrast as well as diagnostic and guidance information during interventions. This is particularly relevant for procedures where inherent contrast is low under standard white light visualisation. This review summarises recent work in surgical spectral imaging (SSI) techniques, taken from Pubmed, Google Scholar and arXiv searches spanning the period 2013-2019. New hardware, optimised for use in both open and minimally-invasive surgery (MIS), is described, and recent commercial activity is summarised. Computational approaches to extract spectral information from conventional colour images are reviewed, as tip-mounted cameras become more commonplace in MIS. Model-based and machine learning methods of data analysis are discussed in addition to simulation, phantom and clinical validation experiments. A wide variety of surgical pilot studies are reported but it is apparent that further work is needed to quantify the clinical value of MSI/HSI. The current trend toward data-driven analysis emphasises the importance of widely-available, standardised spectral imaging datasets, which will aid understanding of variability across organs and patients, and drive clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil T Clancy
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, United Kingdom; Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Geoffrey Jones
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, United Kingdom; Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Computer Science, University College London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Daniel S Elson
- Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Danail Stoyanov
- Wellcome/EPSRC Centre for Interventional and Surgical Sciences (WEISS), University College London, United Kingdom; Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Computer Science, University College London, United Kingdom
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Liu N, Guo Y, Jiang H, Yi W. Gastric cancer diagnosis using hyperspectral imaging with principal component analysis and spectral angle mapper. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-9. [PMID: 32594664 PMCID: PMC7320226 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.6.066005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is an emerging optical technique that has a double function of spectroscopy and imaging. AIM Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) (900 to 1700 nm) with the help of chemometrics was investigated for gastric cancer diagnosis. APPROACH Mean spectra and standard deviation of normal and cancerous pixels were extracted. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to compress the dimension of hypercube data and select the optimal wavelengths. Moreover, spectral angle mapper (SAM) was utilized as chemometrics to discriminate gastric cancer from normal. RESULTS Major spectral difference of cancerous and normal gastric tissue was observed around 975, 1215, and 1450 nm by comparison. A total of six wavelengths (i.e., 975, 1075, 1215, 1275, 1390, and 1450 nm) were then selected as optimal wavelengths by PCA. The accuracy using SAM is up to 90% according to hematoxylin-eosin results. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NIR-HSI has the potential as a cutting-edge optical diagnostic technique for gastric cancer diagnosis with suitable chemometrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningliang Liu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaxiong Guo
- Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Houmin Jiang
- People’s Hospital of Huangpi District, Wuhan, China
| | - Weisong Yi
- Huazhong Agricultural University, College of Science, Wuhan, China
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Hoffman A, Atreya R, Rath T, Neurath MF. Use of Fluorescent Dyes in Endoscopy and Diagnostic Investigation. Visc Med 2020; 36:95-103. [PMID: 32355666 DOI: 10.1159/000506241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The advancement of innovative endoscopic technology in terms of improving the visualization of the mucosa has been of significant benefit. Summary Advancements in image resolution, software processing, and optical filter technology have resulted in several techniques complemental to traditional white light endoscopy. These new techniques provide a real-time optical diagnosis as well as virtual histology of detected lesions. Optical molecular imaging permits a functional assessment within cells. Key Message Optical molecular imaging provides an understanding of cellular processes and permits validation of the specificity of fluorescent tracers and the possibility of quantifying the signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Hoffman
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Clinic Aschaffenburg-Alzenau, Aschaffenburg, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Rath
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- First Department of Medicine, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Hohmann M, Albrecht H, Lengenfelder B, Klämpfl F, Schmidt M. Factors influencing the accuracy for tissue classification in multi spectral in-vivo endoscopy for the upper gastro-internal tract. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3546. [PMID: 32103066 PMCID: PMC7044217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper spectral imaging is a possible way for disease detection. However, for carcinoma detection most of the results are ex-vivo. However, in-vivo results of endoscopic studies still show fairly low accuracies in contrast to the good results of many ex-vivo studies. To overcome this problem and to provide a reasonable explanation, Monte-Carlo simulations of photon trajectories are proposed as a tool to generate multi spectral images including inter patient variations to simulate 40 patients. Furthermore, these simulations have the huge advantage that the position of the carcinoma is known. Due to this, the effect of mislabelled data can be studied. As shown in this study, a percentage of 30–35% of mislabelled data might lead to significant decrease of the accuracy from around 90% to around 70–75%. Therefore, the main focus of hyper spectral imaging has to be the exact characterization of the training data in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hohmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Photonic Technologies (LPT), Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052, Erlangen, Germany. .,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Heinz Albrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Kliniken des Landkreises Neumarkt i.d.OPf., Nürnberger Str. 12, 92318, Neumarkt, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lengenfelder
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Photonic Technologies (LPT), Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Klämpfl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Photonic Technologies (LPT), Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Institute of Photonic Technologies (LPT), Konrad-Zuse-Straße 3/5, 91052, Erlangen, Germany.,Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
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Martinez B, Leon R, Fabelo H, Ortega S, Piñeiro JF, Szolna A, Hernandez M, Espino C, J. O’Shanahan A, Carrera D, Bisshopp S, Sosa C, Marquez M, Camacho R, Plaza MDLL, Morera J, M. Callico G. Most Relevant Spectral Bands Identification for Brain Cancer Detection Using Hyperspectral Imaging. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E5481. [PMID: 31842410 PMCID: PMC6961052 DOI: 10.3390/s19245481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a non-ionizing and non-contact imaging technique capable of obtaining more information than conventional RGB (red green blue) imaging. In the medical field, HSI has commonly been investigated due to its great potential for diagnostic and surgical guidance purposes. However, the large amount of information provided by HSI normally contains redundant or non-relevant information, and it is extremely important to identify the most relevant wavelengths for a certain application in order to improve the accuracy of the predictions and reduce the execution time of the classification algorithm. Additionally, some wavelengths can contain noise and removing such bands can improve the classification stage. The work presented in this paper aims to identify such relevant spectral ranges in the visual-and-near-infrared (VNIR) region for an accurate detection of brain cancer using in vivo hyperspectral images. A methodology based on optimization algorithms has been proposed for this task, identifying the relevant wavelengths to achieve the best accuracy in the classification results obtained by a supervised classifier (support vector machines), and employing the lowest possible number of spectral bands. The results demonstrate that the proposed methodology based on the genetic algorithm optimization slightly improves the accuracy of the tumor identification in ~5%, using only 48 bands, with respect to the reference results obtained with 128 bands, offering the possibility of developing customized acquisition sensors that could provide real-time HS imaging. The most relevant spectral ranges found comprise between 440.5-465.96 nm, 498.71-509.62 nm, 556.91-575.1 nm, 593.29-615.12 nm, 636.94-666.05 nm, 698.79-731.53 nm and 884.32-902.51 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martinez
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (R.L.); (H.F.); (S.O.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Raquel Leon
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (R.L.); (H.F.); (S.O.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Himar Fabelo
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (R.L.); (H.F.); (S.O.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Samuel Ortega
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (R.L.); (H.F.); (S.O.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Juan F. Piñeiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin of Gran Canaria, 35010 Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.F.P.); (A.S.); (M.H.); (C.E.); (A.J.O.); (D.C.); (S.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Adam Szolna
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin of Gran Canaria, 35010 Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.F.P.); (A.S.); (M.H.); (C.E.); (A.J.O.); (D.C.); (S.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Maria Hernandez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin of Gran Canaria, 35010 Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.F.P.); (A.S.); (M.H.); (C.E.); (A.J.O.); (D.C.); (S.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Carlos Espino
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin of Gran Canaria, 35010 Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.F.P.); (A.S.); (M.H.); (C.E.); (A.J.O.); (D.C.); (S.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Aruma J. O’Shanahan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin of Gran Canaria, 35010 Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.F.P.); (A.S.); (M.H.); (C.E.); (A.J.O.); (D.C.); (S.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - David Carrera
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin of Gran Canaria, 35010 Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.F.P.); (A.S.); (M.H.); (C.E.); (A.J.O.); (D.C.); (S.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Sara Bisshopp
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin of Gran Canaria, 35010 Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.F.P.); (A.S.); (M.H.); (C.E.); (A.J.O.); (D.C.); (S.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Coralia Sosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin of Gran Canaria, 35010 Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.F.P.); (A.S.); (M.H.); (C.E.); (A.J.O.); (D.C.); (S.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Mariano Marquez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin of Gran Canaria, 35010 Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.F.P.); (A.S.); (M.H.); (C.E.); (A.J.O.); (D.C.); (S.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Rafael Camacho
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital Doctor Negrin of Gran Canaria, 35010 Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (R.C.); (M.d.l.L.P.)
| | - Maria de la Luz Plaza
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, University Hospital Doctor Negrin of Gran Canaria, 35010 Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (R.C.); (M.d.l.L.P.)
| | - Jesus Morera
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin of Gran Canaria, 35010 Barranco de la Ballena s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (J.F.P.); (A.S.); (M.H.); (C.E.); (A.J.O.); (D.C.); (S.B.); (C.S.); (M.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Gustavo M. Callico
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; (R.L.); (H.F.); (S.O.); (G.M.C.)
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Baltussen EJM, Sterenborg HJCM, Ruers TJM, Dashtbozorg B. Optimizing algorithm development for tissue classification in colorectal cancer based on diffuse reflectance spectra. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:6096-6113. [PMID: 31853388 PMCID: PMC6913395 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.006096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy can be used in colorectal cancer surgery for tissue classification. The main challenge in the classification task is to separate healthy colorectal wall from tumor tissue. In this study, four normalization techniques, four feature extraction methods and five classifiers are applied to nine datasets, to obtain the optimal method to separate spectra measured on healthy colorectal wall from spectra measured on tumor tissue. All results are compared to the use of the entire non-normalized spectra. It is found that the most optimal classification approach is to apply a feature extraction method on non-normalized spectra combined with support vector machine or neural network classifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J. M. Baltussen
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital – The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital – The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. M. Ruers
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital – The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Behdad Dashtbozorg
- Department of Surgery, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital – The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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41
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Kho E, Dashtbozorg B, de Boer LL, Van de Vijver KK, Sterenborg HJCM, Ruers TJM. Broadband hyperspectral imaging for breast tumor detection using spectral and spatial information. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:4496-4515. [PMID: 31565506 PMCID: PMC6757478 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.004496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Complete tumor removal during breast-conserving surgery remains challenging due to the lack of optimal intraoperative margin assessment techniques. Here, we use hyperspectral imaging for tumor detection in fresh breast tissue. We evaluated different wavelength ranges and two classification algorithms; a pixel-wise classification algorithm and a convolutional neural network that combines spectral and spatial information. The highest classification performance was obtained using the full wavelength range (450-1650 nm). Adding spatial information mainly improved the differentiation of tissue classes within the malignant and healthy classes. High sensitivity and specificity were accomplished, which offers potential for hyperspectral imaging as a margin assessment technique to improve surgical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Kho
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Behdad Dashtbozorg
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Lisanne L. de Boer
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Koen K. Van de Vijver
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo J. M. Ruers
- Department of Surgery, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522NB Enschede, Netherlands
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Halicek M, Fabelo H, Ortega S, Callico GM, Fei B. In-Vivo and Ex-Vivo Tissue Analysis through Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques: Revealing the Invisible Features of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E756. [PMID: 31151223 PMCID: PMC6627361 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to conventional optical imaging modalities, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is able to capture much more information from a certain scene, both within and beyond the visual spectral range (from 400 to 700 nm). This imaging modality is based on the principle that each material provides different responses to light reflection, absorption, and scattering across the electromagnetic spectrum. Due to these properties, it is possible to differentiate and identify the different materials/substances presented in a certain scene by their spectral signature. Over the last two decades, HSI has demonstrated potential to become a powerful tool to study and identify several diseases in the medical field, being a non-contact, non-ionizing, and a label-free imaging modality. In this review, the use of HSI as an imaging tool for the analysis and detection of cancer is presented. The basic concepts related to this technology are detailed. The most relevant, state-of-the-art studies that can be found in the literature using HSI for cancer analysis are presented and summarized, both in-vivo and ex-vivo. Lastly, we discuss the current limitations of this technology in the field of cancer detection, together with some insights into possible future steps in the improvement of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Halicek
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and The Georgia Institute of Technology, 1841 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
| | - Himar Fabelo
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Samuel Ortega
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Gustavo M Callico
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Baowei Fei
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080, USA.
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hine Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hine Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Adler TJ, Ardizzone L, Vemuri A, Ayala L, Gröhl J, Kirchner T, Wirkert S, Kruse J, Rother C, Köthe U, Maier-Hein L. Uncertainty-aware performance assessment of optical imaging modalities with invertible neural networks. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2019; 14:997-1007. [PMID: 30903566 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-019-01939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Optical imaging is evolving as a key technique for advanced sensing in the operating room. Recent research has shown that machine learning algorithms can be used to address the inverse problem of converting pixel-wise multispectral reflectance measurements to underlying tissue parameters, such as oxygenation. Assessment of the specific hardware used in conjunction with such algorithms, however, has not properly addressed the possibility that the problem may be ill-posed. METHODS We present a novel approach to the assessment of optical imaging modalities, which is sensitive to the different types of uncertainties that may occur when inferring tissue parameters. Based on the concept of invertible neural networks, our framework goes beyond point estimates and maps each multispectral measurement to a full posterior probability distribution which is capable of representing ambiguity in the solution via multiple modes. Performance metrics for a hardware setup can then be computed from the characteristics of the posteriors. RESULTS Application of the assessment framework to the specific use case of camera selection for physiological parameter estimation yields the following insights: (1) estimation of tissue oxygenation from multispectral images is a well-posed problem, while (2) blood volume fraction may not be recovered without ambiguity. (3) In general, ambiguity may be reduced by increasing the number of spectral bands in the camera. CONCLUSION Our method could help to optimize optical camera design in an application-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J Adler
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Anant Vemuri
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leonardo Ayala
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janek Gröhl
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kirchner
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wirkert
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Kruse
- Visual Learning Lab, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Rother
- Visual Learning Lab, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ullrich Köthe
- Visual Learning Lab, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Maier-Hein
- Computer Assisted Medical Interventions, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 223, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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44
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Ortega S, Fabelo H, Iakovidis DK, Koulaouzidis A, Callico GM. Use of Hyperspectral/Multispectral Imaging in Gastroenterology. Shedding Some⁻Different⁻Light into the Dark. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E36. [PMID: 30609685 PMCID: PMC6352071 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperspectral/Multispectral imaging (HSI/MSI) technologies are able to sample from tens to hundreds of spectral channels within the electromagnetic spectrum, exceeding the capabilities of human vision. These spectral techniques are based on the principle that every material has a different response (reflection and absorption) to different wavelengths. Thereby, this technology facilitates the discrimination between different materials. HSI has demonstrated good discrimination capabilities for materials in fields, for instance, remote sensing, pollution monitoring, field surveillance, food quality, agriculture, astronomy, geological mapping, and currently, also in medicine. HSI technology allows tissue observation beyond the limitations of the human eye. Moreover, many researchers are using HSI as a new diagnosis tool to analyze optical properties of tissue. Recently, HSI has shown good performance in identifying human diseases in a non-invasive manner. In this paper, we show the potential use of these technologies in the medical domain, with emphasis in the current advances in gastroenterology. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of contemporary concepts regarding HSI technology together with state-of-art systems and applications in gastroenterology. Finally, we discuss the current limitations and upcoming trends of HSI in gastroenterology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ortega
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35017, Spain.
| | - Himar Fabelo
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35017, Spain.
| | - Dimitris K Iakovidis
- Dept. of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 35131 Lamia, Greece.
| | | | - Gustavo M Callico
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35017, Spain.
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Baltussen EJM, Kok END, Brouwer de Koning SG, Sanders J, Aalbers AGJ, Kok NFM, Beets GL, Flohil CC, Bruin SC, Kuhlmann KFD, Sterenborg HJCM, Ruers TJM. Hyperspectral imaging for tissue classification, a way toward smart laparoscopic colorectal surgery. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-9. [PMID: 30701726 PMCID: PMC6985687 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.1.016002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, laparoscopic surgery has become the gold standard in patients with colorectal cancer. To overcome the drawback of reduced tactile feedback, real-time tissue classification could be of great benefit. In this ex vivo study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) was used to distinguish tumor tissue from healthy surrounding tissue. A sample of fat, healthy colorectal wall, and tumor tissue was collected per patient and imaged using two hyperspectral cameras, covering the wavelength range from 400 to 1700 nm. The data were randomly divided into a training (75%) and test (25%) set. After feature reduction, a quadratic classifier and support vector machine were used to distinguish the three tissue types. Tissue samples of 32 patients were imaged using both hyperspectral cameras. The accuracy to distinguish the three tissue types using both hyperspectral cameras was 0.88 (STD = 0.13) on the test dataset. When the accuracy was determined per patient, a mean accuracy of 0.93 (STD = 0.12) was obtained on the test dataset. This study shows the potential of using HSI in colorectal cancer surgery for fast tissue classification, which could improve clinical outcome. Future research should be focused on imaging entire colon/rectum specimen and the translation of the technique to an intraoperative setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J. M. Baltussen
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Address all correspondence to Elisabeth J. M. Baltussen, E-mail:
| | - Esther N. D. Kok
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan G. Brouwer de Koning
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Sanders
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arend G. J. Aalbers
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niels F. M. Kok
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geerard L. Beets
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudie C. Flohil
- Slotervaart Medical Centre, Department of Pathology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd C. Bruin
- Slotervaart Medical Centre, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koert F. D. Kuhlmann
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henricus J. C. M. Sterenborg
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J. M. Ruers
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Surgery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Technical University Twente, MIRA Institute, Enschede, The Netherlands
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46
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Waterhouse DJ, Luthman AS, Yoon J, Gordon GSD, Bohndiek SE. Quantitative evaluation of comb-structure correction methods for multispectral fibrescopic imaging. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17801. [PMID: 30542081 PMCID: PMC6290790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36088-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Removing the comb artifact introduced by imaging fibre bundles, or 'fibrescopes', for example in medical endoscopy, is essential to provide high quality images to the observer. Multispectral imaging (MSI) is an emerging method that combines morphological (spatial) and chemical (spectral) information in a single data 'cube'. When a fibrescope is coupled to a spectrally resolved detector array (SRDA) to perform MSI, comb removal is complicated by the demosaicking step required to reconstruct the multispectral data cube. To understand the potential for using SRDAs as multispectral imaging sensors in medical endoscopy, we assessed five comb correction methods with respect to five performance metrics relevant to biomedical imaging applications: processing time, resolution, smoothness, signal and the accuracy of spectral reconstruction. By assigning weights to each metric, which are determined by the particular imaging application, our results can be used to select the correction method to achieve best overall performance. In most cases, interpolation gave the best compromise between the different performance metrics when imaging using an SRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale J Waterhouse
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - A Siri Luthman
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Jonghee Yoon
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - George S D Gordon
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
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Luthman AS, Waterhouse DJ, Ansel-Bollepalli L, Yoon J, Gordon GSD, Joseph J, di Pietro M, Januszewicz W, Bohndiek SE. Bimodal reflectance and fluorescence multispectral endoscopy based on spectrally resolving detector arrays. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 24:1-14. [PMID: 30358334 PMCID: PMC6975231 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.031009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging clinical interest in combining standard white light endoscopy with targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent contrast agents for improved early cancer detection has created demand for multimodal imaging endoscopes. We used two spectrally resolving detector arrays (SRDAs) to realize a bimodal endoscope capable of simultaneous reflectance-based imaging in the visible spectral region and multiplexed fluorescence-based imaging in the NIR. The visible SRDA was composed of 16 spectral bands, with peak wavelengths in the range of 463 to 648 nm and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) between 9 and 26 nm. The NIR SRDA was composed of 25 spectral bands, with peak wavelengths in the range 659 to 891 nm and FWHM 7 to 15 nm. The spectral endoscope design was based on a "babyscope" model using a commercially available imaging fiber bundle. We developed a spectral transmission model to select optical components and provide reference endmembers for linear spectral unmixing of the recorded image data. The technical characterization of the spectral endoscope is presented, including evaluation of the angular field-of-view, barrel distortion, spatial resolution and spectral fidelity, which showed encouraging performance. An agarose phantom containing oxygenated and deoxygenated blood with three fluorescent dyes was then imaged. After spectral unmixing, the different chemical components of the phantom could be successfully identified via majority decision with high signal-to-background ratio (>3). Imaging performance was further assessed in an ex vivo porcine esophagus model. Our preliminary imaging results demonstrate the capability to simultaneously resolve multiple biological components using a compact spectral endoscopy system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Siri Luthman
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dale J. Waterhouse
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Ansel-Bollepalli
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonghee Yoon
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George S. D. Gordon
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James Joseph
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Massimiliano di Pietro
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wladyslaw Januszewicz
- University of Cambridge, MRC Cancer Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E. Bohndiek
- University of Cambridge, Department of Physics, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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48
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Fabelo H, Ortega S, Ravi D, Kiran BR, Sosa C, Bulters D, Callicó GM, Bulstrode H, Szolna A, Piñeiro JF, Kabwama S, Madroñal D, Lazcano R, J-O’Shanahan A, Bisshopp S, Hernández M, Báez A, Yang GZ, Stanciulescu B, Salvador R, Juárez E, Sarmiento R. Spatio-spectral classification of hyperspectral images for brain cancer detection during surgical operations. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193721. [PMID: 29554126 PMCID: PMC5858847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgery for brain cancer is a major problem in neurosurgery. The diffuse infiltration into the surrounding normal brain by these tumors makes their accurate identification by the naked eye difficult. Since surgery is the common treatment for brain cancer, an accurate radical resection of the tumor leads to improved survival rates for patients. However, the identification of the tumor boundaries during surgery is challenging. Hyperspectral imaging is a non-contact, non-ionizing and non-invasive technique suitable for medical diagnosis. This study presents the development of a novel classification method taking into account the spatial and spectral characteristics of the hyperspectral images to help neurosurgeons to accurately determine the tumor boundaries in surgical-time during the resection, avoiding excessive excision of normal tissue or unintentionally leaving residual tumor. The algorithm proposed in this study to approach an efficient solution consists of a hybrid framework that combines both supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods. Firstly, a supervised pixel-wise classification using a Support Vector Machine classifier is performed. The generated classification map is spatially homogenized using a one-band representation of the HS cube, employing the Fixed Reference t-Stochastic Neighbors Embedding dimensional reduction algorithm, and performing a K-Nearest Neighbors filtering. The information generated by the supervised stage is combined with a segmentation map obtained via unsupervised clustering employing a Hierarchical K-Means algorithm. The fusion is performed using a majority voting approach that associates each cluster with a certain class. To evaluate the proposed approach, five hyperspectral images of surface of the brain affected by glioblastoma tumor in vivo from five different patients have been used. The final classification maps obtained have been analyzed and validated by specialists. These preliminary results are promising, obtaining an accurate delineation of the tumor area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himar Fabelo
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Samuel Ortega
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Daniele Ravi
- The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London (ICL), London, United Kingdom
| | - B. Ravi Kiran
- Laboratoire CRISTAL, Université Lille 3, Villeneuve-d’Ascq, France
| | - Coralia Sosa
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Diederik Bulters
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gustavo M. Callicó
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Harry Bulstrode
- Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Szolna
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Juan F. Piñeiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Silvester Kabwama
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Madroñal
- Centre of Software Technologies and Multimedia Systems (CITSEM), Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Lazcano
- Centre of Software Technologies and Multimedia Systems (CITSEM), Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aruma J-O’Shanahan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Sara Bisshopp
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - María Hernández
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Doctor Negrin, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Abelardo Báez
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Guang-Zhong Yang
- The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London (ICL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Bogdan Stanciulescu
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris (ENSMP), MINES ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Rubén Salvador
- Centre of Software Technologies and Multimedia Systems (CITSEM), Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Juárez
- Centre of Software Technologies and Multimedia Systems (CITSEM), Universidad Politecnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Sarmiento
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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An Intraoperative Visualization System Using Hyperspectral Imaging to Aid in Brain Tumor Delineation. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18020430. [PMID: 29389893 PMCID: PMC5856119 DOI: 10.3390/s18020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) allows for the acquisition of large numbers of spectral bands throughout the electromagnetic spectrum (within and beyond the visual range) with respect to the surface of scenes captured by sensors. Using this information and a set of complex classification algorithms, it is possible to determine which material or substance is located in each pixel. The work presented in this paper aims to exploit the characteristics of HSI to develop a demonstrator capable of delineating tumor tissue from brain tissue during neurosurgical operations. Improved delineation of tumor boundaries is expected to improve the results of surgery. The developed demonstrator is composed of two hyperspectral cameras covering a spectral range of 400–1700 nm. Furthermore, a hardware accelerator connected to a control unit is used to speed up the hyperspectral brain cancer detection algorithm to achieve processing during the time of surgery. A labeled dataset comprised of more than 300,000 spectral signatures is used as the training dataset for the supervised stage of the classification algorithm. In this preliminary study, thematic maps obtained from a validation database of seven hyperspectral images of in vivo brain tissue captured and processed during neurosurgical operations demonstrate that the system is able to discriminate between normal and tumor tissue in the brain. The results can be provided during the surgical procedure (~1 min), making it a practical system for neurosurgeons to use in the near future to improve excision and potentially improve patient outcomes.
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Yushkov KB, Molchanov VY. Hyperspectral imaging acousto-optic system with spatial filtering for optical phase visualization. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:66017. [PMID: 28662243 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.6.066017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for phase visualization in the images of transparent specimens using analog image processing in incoherent light. The experimental technique is based on adaptive bandpass spatial filtering with an amplitude mask matched with an acousto-optic tunable filter in a telecentric optical system. We demonstrate the processing of microscopic images of unstained and stained histological sections of human thyroid tumor with improved contrast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin B Yushkov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS," Acousto-Optical Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ya Molchanov
- National University of Science and Technology "MISIS," Acousto-Optical Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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