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Young OM, Xu X, Sarker S, Sochol RD. Direct laser writing-enabled 3D printing strategies for microfluidic applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2371-2396. [PMID: 38576361 PMCID: PMC11060139 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, additive manufacturing-or "three-dimensional (3D) printing"-has attracted increasing attention in the Lab on a Chip community as a pathway to achieve sophisticated system architectures that are difficult or infeasible to fabricate via conventional means. One particularly promising 3D manufacturing technology is "direct laser writing (DLW)", which leverages two-photon (or multi-photon) polymerization (2PP) phenomena to enable high geometric versatility, print speeds, and precision at length scales down to the 100 nm range. Although researchers have demonstrated the potential of using DLW for microfluidic applications ranging from organ on a chip and drug delivery to micro/nanoparticle processing and soft microrobotics, such scenarios present unique challenges for DLW. Specifically, microfluidic systems typically require macro-to-micro fluidic interfaces (e.g., inlet and outlet ports) to facilitate fluidic loading, control, and retrieval operations; however, DLW-based 3D printing relies on a micron-to-submicron-sized 2PP volume element (i.e., "voxel") that is poorly suited for manufacturing these larger-scale fluidic interfaces. In this Tutorial Review, we highlight and discuss the four most prominent strategies that researchers have developed to circumvent this trade-off and realize macro-to-micro interfaces for DLW-enabled microfluidic components and systems. In addition, we consider the possibility that-with the advent of next-generation commercial DLW printers equipped with new dynamic voxel tuning, print field, and laser power capabilities-the overall utility of DLW strategies for Lab on a Chip fields may soon expand dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Young
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Sunandita Sarker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Ryan D Sochol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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2
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Yu Y, Adsit LM, Smith IT. Comprehensive software suite for functional analysis and synaptic input mapping of dendritic spines imaged in vivo. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:024307. [PMID: 38628980 PMCID: PMC11021036 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.2.024307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Significance Advances in genetically encoded sensors and two-photon imaging have unlocked functional imaging at the level of single dendritic spines. Synaptic activity can be measured in real time in awake animals. However, tools are needed to facilitate the analysis of the large datasets acquired by the approach. Commonly available software suites for imaging calcium transients in cell bodies are ill-suited for spine imaging as dendritic spines have structural characteristics distinct from those of the cell bodies. We present an automated tuning analysis tool (AUTOTUNE), which provides analysis routines specifically developed for the extraction and analysis of signals from subcellular compartments, including dendritic subregions and spines. Aim Although the acquisition of in vivo functional synaptic imaging data is increasingly accessible, a hurdle remains in the computation-heavy analyses of the acquired data. The aim of this study is to overcome this barrier by offering a comprehensive software suite with a user-friendly interface for easy access to nonprogrammers. Approach We demonstrate the utility and effectiveness of our software with demo analyses of dendritic imaging data acquired from layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in mouse V1 in vivo. A user manual and demo datasets are also provided. Results AUTOTUNE provides a robust workflow for analyzing functional imaging data from neuronal dendrites. Features include source image registration, segmentation of regions-of-interest and detection of structural turnover, fluorescence transient extraction and smoothing, subtraction of signals from putative backpropagating action potentials, and stimulus and behavioral parameter response tuning analyses. Conclusions AUTOTUNE is open-source and extendable for diverse functional synaptic imaging experiments. The ease of functional characterization of dendritic spine activity provided by our software can accelerate new functional studies that complement decades of morphological studies of dendrites, and further expand our understanding of neural circuits in health and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yu
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Liam M. Adsit
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Santa Barbara, California, United States
| | - Ikuko T. Smith
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Santa Barbara, California, United States
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Neuroscience Research Institute, Santa Barbara, California, United States
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Santa Barbara, California, United States
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3
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Zhu X, Huang Q, Jiang L, Nguyen VT, Vu T, Devlin G, Shaima J, Wang X, Chen Y, Ma L, Xiang K, Wang E, Rong Q, Zhou Q, Kang Y, Asokan A, Feng L, Hsu SWD, Shen X, Yao J. Longitudinal intravital imaging of mouse placenta. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk1278. [PMID: 38507481 PMCID: PMC10954206 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Studying placental functions is crucial for understanding pregnancy complications. However, imaging placenta is challenging due to its depth, volume, and motion distortions. In this study, we have developed an implantable placenta window in mice that enables high-resolution photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging of placental development throughout the pregnancy. The placenta window exhibits excellent transparency for light and sound. By combining the placenta window with ultrafast functional photoacoustic microscopy, we were able to investigate the placental development during the entire mouse pregnancy, providing unprecedented spatiotemporal details. Consequently, we examined the acute responses of the placenta to alcohol consumption and cardiac arrest, as well as chronic abnormalities in an inflammation model. We have also observed viral gene delivery at the single-cell level and chemical diffusion through the placenta by using fluorescence imaging. Our results demonstrate that intravital imaging through the placenta window can be a powerful tool for studying placenta functions and understanding the placental origins of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710004, China
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Laiming Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Van-Tu Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Tri Vu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Garth Devlin
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jabbar Shaima
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xiaobei Wang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Kun Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qiangzhou Rong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yubin Kang
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Aravind Asokan
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Liping Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shiao-Wen D. Hsu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Xiling Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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4
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Koch T, Zhang W, Tran TT, Wang Y, Mikitisin A, Puchhammer J, Greer JR, Ovsianikov A, Chalupa-Gantner F, Lunzer M. Approaching Standardization: Mechanical Material Testing of Macroscopic Two-Photon Polymerized Specimens. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2308497. [PMID: 38303404 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is becoming increasingly established as additive manufacturing technology for microfabrication due to its high-resolution and the feasibility of generating complex parts. Until now, the high resolution of 2PP is also its bottleneck, as it limited throughput and therefore restricted the application to the production of microparts. Thus, mechanical properties of 2PP materials can only be characterized using nonstandardized specialized microtesting methods. Due to recent advances in 2PP technology, it is now possible to produce parts in the size of several millimeters to even centimeters, finally permitting the fabrication of macrosized testing specimens. Besides suitable hardware systems, 2PP materials exhibiting favorable mechanical properties that allow printing of up-scaled parts are strongly demanded. In this work, the up-scalability of three different photopolymers is investigated using a high-throughput 2PP system and low numerical aperture optics. Testing specimens in the cm-range are produced and tested with common or even standardized material testing methods available in conventionally equipped polymer testing labs. Examples of the characterization of mechanical, thermo-mechanical, and fracture properties of 2PP processed materials are shown. Additionally, aspects such as postprocessing and aging are investigated. This lays a foundation for future expansion of the 2PP technology to broader industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Koch
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Thomas T Tran
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Yingjin Wang
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Adrian Mikitisin
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jakob Puchhammer
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Julia R Greer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
- Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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5
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Hoffmann M, Henninger J, Veith J, Richter L, Judkewitz B. Blazed oblique plane microscopy reveals scale-invariant inference of brain-wide population activity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8019. [PMID: 38049412 PMCID: PMC10695970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the size and opacity of vertebrate brains, it has until now been impossible to simultaneously record neuronal activity at cellular resolution across the entire adult brain. As a result, scientists are forced to choose between cellular-resolution microscopy over limited fields-of-view or whole-brain imaging at coarse-grained resolution. Bridging the gap between these spatial scales of understanding remains a major challenge in neuroscience. Here, we introduce blazed oblique plane microscopy to perform brain-wide recording of neuronal activity at cellular resolution in an adult vertebrate. Contrary to common belief, we find that inferences of neuronal population activity are near-independent of spatial scale: a set of randomly sampled neurons has a comparable predictive power as the same number of coarse-grained macrovoxels. Our work thus links cellular resolution with brain-wide scope, challenges the prevailing view that macroscale methods are generally inferior to microscale techniques and underscores the value of multiscale approaches to studying brain-wide activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Hoffmann
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Jörg Henninger
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Veith
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Richter
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Judkewitz
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Yang X, Liu S, Xia F, Wu M, Adie S, Xu C. Simultaneous multimodal three-photon and optical coherence microscopy of the mouse brain in the 1700 nm optical window in vivo. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.11.557176. [PMID: 37745620 PMCID: PMC10515788 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal microscopy combining various imaging approaches can provide complementary information about tissue in a single imaging session. Here, we demonstrate a multimodal approach combining three-photon microscopy (3PM) and spectral-domain optical coherence microscopy (SD-OCM). We show that an optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (OPCPA) laser source, which is the standard source for three-photon fluorescence excitation and third harmonic generation (THG), can be used for simultaneous OCM, 3-photon (3P) fluorescence and THG imaging. We validated the system performance in deep mouse brains in vivo with an OPCPA source operating at 1620 nm center wavelength. We visualized small structures such as myelinated axons, neurons, and large fiber tracts in white matter with high spatial resolution non-invasively using linear and nonlinear contrast at >1 mm depth in intact adult mouse brain. Our results showed that simultaneous OCM and 3PM at the long wavelength window can be conveniently combined for deep tissue imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusan Yang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Current address: Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Siyang Liu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Fei Xia
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Current address: Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Universite PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Meiqi Wu
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Steven Adie
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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7
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Glandorf L, Marchand PJ, Lasser T, Razansky D. Digital aberration correction enhances field of view in visible-light optical coherence microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5088-5091. [PMID: 36181193 DOI: 10.1364/ol.464405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In optical coherence microscopy, optical aberrations commonly result in astigmatism-dominated wavefront errors in the peripheral regions of the optical objective, primarily elongating the microscope's point-spread function along the radial direction in the vicinity of the focal plane. We report on enhanced-field-of-view optical coherence microscopy through computational aberration correction in the visible-light range. An isotropic spatial resolution of 2.5 µm was achieved over an enhanced lateral field of view spanning 1.3 mm × 1.6 mm, as experimentally verified in a micro-bead phantom and further demonstrated in ex vivo tissue samples. The extended field of view achieved by the digital aberration correction facilitates the use of low-cost systems by averting the need for high-quality objectives.
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8
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Park WY, Kim B, Chun JH, Hong SM, Oh BH, Kim KH. High-contrast visualization of human skin cancers with combined reflectance confocal and moxifloxacin-based two-photon microscopy: An ex vivo study. Lasers Surg Med 2022; 54:1226-1237. [PMID: 36087014 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Precise determination of cancer margin during skin cancer surgery is crucial for complete resection and further clinical prognosis. Although reflection confocal microscopy (RCM) has been used for perioperative guiding, its reflection contrast has limitations in detecting cancer cells in the dermis. We previously developed combined reflection confocal (RC) and moxifloxacin-based two-photon (MB-TP) microscopy for sensitive cancer detection by using multiple contrast mechanisms. In this study, the performance of combined microscopy was characterized in various skin cancer specimens and compared with standard methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven human skin specimens in total including two normal ones, three basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), and two squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) were collected and imaged in fresh condition. Moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution was topically instilled for cell labeling for 3-5 minutes, then mosaic imaging with the combined microscopy was conducted. The imaged specimens were imaged again after exogenous nuclear labeling for comparison and then processed for standard hematoxylin and eosin histology. RESULTS Combined RC and MB-TP microscopy visualized both cell and extracellular matrix structures of the skin specimens with multiple contrasts of reflection, moxifloxacin fluorescence, autofluorescence, and second harmonic generation. It distinguished normal cell structures in the skin dermis such as hair follicles, sebaceous and eccrine glands from BCC nests, and SCCs based on cell organization. Normal cell structures had organized cell arrangements for their functions, while cancer cell structures had dense and disorganized cell arrangements. Cellular features found by combined microscopy images were confirmed by both TP microscopy with nuclear labeling and histological examination. CONCLUSIONS The imaging results showed the potential of combined microscopy for sensitive cancer detection and in vivo guiding of skin cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Yeong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumju Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Chun
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
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Yang M, Mahanty A, Jin C, Wong ANN, Yoo JS. Label-free metabolic imaging for sensitive and robust monitoring of anti-CD47 immunotherapy response in triple-negative breast cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-005199. [PMID: 36096527 PMCID: PMC9472253 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy is revolutionizing cancer treatment from conventional radiotherapies and chemotherapies to immune checkpoint inhibitors which use patients’ immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Despite the huge clinical success and vigorous development of immunotherapies, there is a significant unmet need for a robust tool to identify responders to specific immunotherapy. Early and accurate monitoring of immunotherapy response is indispensable for personalized treatment and effective drug development. Methods We established a label-free metabolic intravital imaging (LMII) technique to detect two-photon excited autofluorescence signals from two coenzymes, NAD(P)H (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) hydrogen) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) as robust imaging markers to monitor metabolic responses to immunotherapy. Murine models of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) were established and tested with different therapeutic regimens including anti-cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) immunotherapy to monitor time-course treatment responses using the developed metabolic imaging technique. Results We first imaged the mechanisms of the CD47-signal regulatory protein alpha pathway in vivo, which unravels macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and illustrates the metabolism of TNBC cells and macrophages. We further visualized the autofluorescence of NAD(P)H and FAD and found a significant increase during tumor growth. Following anti-CD47 immunotherapy, the imaging signal was dramatically decreased demonstrating the sensitive monitoring capability of NAD(P)H and FAD imaging for therapeutic response. NAD(P)H and FAD intravital imaging also showed a marked decrease after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A comparative study with conventional whole-body bioluminescence and fluorescent glucose imaging demonstrated superior sensitivity of metabolic imaging. Flow cytometry validated metabolic imaging results. In vivo immunofluorescent staining revealed the targeting ability of NAD(P)H imaging mainly for tumor cells and a small portion of immune-active cells and that of FAD imaging mainly for immunosuppressive cells such as M2-like tumor-associated macrophages. Conclusions Collectively, this study showcases the potential of the LMII technique as a powerful tool to visualize dynamic changes of heterogeneous cell metabolism of cancer cells and immune infiltrates in response to immunotherapy thus providing sensitive and complete monitoring. Leveraged on ability to differentiate cancer cells and immunosuppressive macrophages, the presented imaging approach provides particularly useful imaging biomarkers for emerged innate immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-CD47 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfeng Yang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Arpan Mahanty
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Chunjing Jin
- The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, Chuzhou, China
| | - Alex Ngai Nick Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Jung Sun Yoo
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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10
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Lin Y, Zhou HC, Chen N, Ren Y, Gao R, Li Q, Deng Y, Han X, Zhang X, Xiang AP, Guo B, Liu C, Ren J. Unveiling the improved targeting migration of mesenchymal stem cells with CXC chemokine receptor 3-modification using intravital NIR-II photoacoustic imaging. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:307. [PMID: 35764961 PMCID: PMC9238014 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Therapy with genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has clinical translation promise. Optimizing the targeting migratory ability of MSCs relies on accurate imaging of the distribution and extravasation kinetics of MSCs, and the corresponding imaging results could be used to predict therapeutic outcomes and guide the optimization of the treatment program. Among the different imaging modalities, second near-infrared (NIR-II) optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) has merits, including a fine resolution, a deep penetration, a high sensitivity, and a large signal-to-background ratio. It would be an ideal candidate for precise monitoring of MSCs, although it has not been tested for this purpose so far. Results Penetrating peptide-decorated conjugated polymer nanoparticles (TAT-CPNPs) with strong NIR-II absorbance were used to label chemokine-receptor genetically modified MSCs, which were subsequently evaluated under intravital NIR-II OR-PAM regarding their targeting migratory ability. Based on the upregulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 in the inflamed ears of contact hypersensitivity mice, MSCs with overexpression of corresponding receptor, chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 (Cxcr3) were successfully generated (MSCCxcr3). TAT-CPNPs labeling enabled NIR-II photoacoustic imaging to discern MSCCxcr3 covered by 1.2 cm of chicken breast tissue. Longitudinal OR-PAM imaging revealed enhanced inflammation-targeting migration of MSCCxcr3 over time attributed to Cxcr3 gene modification, which was further validated by histological analysis. Conclusions TAT-CPNPs-assisted NIR-II PA imaging is promising for monitoring distribution and extravasation kinetics of MSCs, which would greatly facilitate optimizing MSC-based therapy. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01513-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Laboratory of Novel Optoacoustic/Ultrasonic Imaging, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Hui-Chao Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Laboratory of Novel Optoacoustic/Ultrasonic Imaging, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ningbo Chen
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yaguang Ren
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rongkang Gao
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiaojia Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Laboratory of Novel Optoacoustic/Ultrasonic Imaging, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xuejiao Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Chengbo Liu
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Ultrasound, Laboratory of Novel Optoacoustic/Ultrasonic Imaging, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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11
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Borah BJ, Sun CK. Construction of a high-NFOM multiphoton microscope with large-angle resonant raster scanning. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101330. [PMID: 35496804 PMCID: PMC9048148 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A resonant-scanning multiphoton optical microscope (MPM) with a millimeter-scale field-of-view (FOV) often encounters a poor Nyquist figure-of-merit (NFOM), leading to an aliasing effect owing to limited effective voxel-sampling rate. In this protocol, we provide a design guideline to enable high-NFOM MPM imaging while simultaneously securing a large FOV/digital-resolution ratio and a fast resonant raster-scanning speed. We further provide a free version of our custom acquisition software to assist with a smooth and easy construction process. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Borah et al. (2021). Critical guidelines to build a high-NFOM laser-scanning multiphoton optical microscope An optimized optical design for large-angle resonant-galvo raster scanning A simplified electronic design for high-speed raster scanning A free-version of C++ based control and acquisition software (LASERaster+)
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12
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Borah BJ, Sun CK. A rapid denoised contrast enhancement method digitally mimicking an adaptive illumination in submicron-resolution neuronal imaging. iScience 2022; 25:103773. [PMID: 35169684 PMCID: PMC8829796 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical neuronal imaging often shows ultrafine structures, such as a nerve fiber, coexisting with ultrabright structures, such as a soma with a substantially higher fluorescence-protein concentration. Owing to experimental and environmental factors, a laser-scanning multiphoton optical microscope (MPM) often encounters a high-frequency background noise that might contaminate such weak-intensity ultrafine neuronal structures. A straightforward contrast enhancement often leads to the saturation of the brighter ones, and might further amplify the high-frequency background noise. We report a digital approach called rapid denoised contrast enhancement (DCE), which digitally mimics a hardware-based adaptive/controlled illumination technique by means of digitally optimizing the signal strengths and hence the visibility of such weak-intensity structures while mostly preventing the saturation of the brightest ones. With large field-of-view (FOV) two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) neuronal imaging, we validate the effectiveness of DCE over state-of-the-art digital image processing algorithms. With compute-unified-device-architecture (CUDA)-acceleration, a real-time DCE is further enabled with a reduced time complexity. A real-time applicable CUDA-accelerated Noise-suppressed Contrast Enhancement method Digitally mimics a traditional hardware-based adaptive/controlled illumination Drastically improves the visibility of noise-contaminated ultrafine neuronal structures Applicable in large-field high-NFOM multiphoton optical microscopes
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Jyoti Borah
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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13
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Yao J, Gao Y, Yin Y, Lai P, Ye S, Zheng W. Exploiting the potential of commercial objectives to extend the field of view of two-photon microscopy by adaptive optics. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:989-992. [PMID: 35167576 DOI: 10.1364/ol.450973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon microscopy (TPM) has provided critical in situ and in vivo information in biomedical studies due to its high resolution, intrinsic optical sectioning, and deep penetration. However, its relatively small field of view (FOV), which is usually determined by objectives, restricts its wide application. In this paper, we propose a segment-scanning sensorless adaptive optics method to extend the FOV and achieve high-resolution and large-FOV two-photon imaging. We demonstrated the proposed method by imaging fluorescent beads, cerebral nerve cells of mouse brain slices, and cerebral vasculature and microglia of live mice. The method extended the FOV of a commercial objective from 1.8 to 3.46 mm while maintaining a lateral resolution of 840 nm and high signal-to-noise ratio. Our technology is compatible with a standard TPM and can be used for large-scale biological exploration.
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14
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Badon A, Andrique L, Mombereau A, Rivet L, Boyreau A, Nassoy P, Recher G. The Incubascope: a simple, compact and large field of view microscope for long-term imaging inside an incubator. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211444. [PMID: 35154792 PMCID: PMC8826139 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging has rapidly evolved in the last decades. Sophisticated microscopes allowing optical sectioning for three-dimensional imaging or sub-diffraction resolution are available. Due to price and maintenance issues, these microscopes are often shared between users in facilities. Consequently, long-term access is often prohibited and does not allow to monitor slowly evolving biological systems or to validate new models like organoids. Preliminary coarse long-term data that do not require acquisition of terabytes of high-resolution images are important as a first step. By contrast with expensive all-in-one commercialized stations, standard microscopes equipped with incubator stages offer a more cost-effective solution despite imperfect long-run atmosphere and temperature control. Here, we present the Incubascope, a custom-made compact microscope that fits into a table-top incubator. It is cheap and simple to implement, user-friendly and yet provides high imaging performances. The system has a field of view of 5.5 × 8 mm2, a 3 μm resolution, a 10 frames per second acquisition rate, and is controlled with a Python-based graphical interface. We exemplify the capabilities of the Incubascope on biological applications such as the hatching of Artemia salina eggs, the growth of the slime mould Physarum polycephalum and of encapsulated spheroids of mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Badon
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
| | - L. Andrique
- TBMCore VoxCell Facility, University Bordeaux, UMS CNRS 3427, Inserm US 005, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - A. Mombereau
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
| | - L. Rivet
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
| | - A. Boyreau
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
| | - P. Nassoy
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
| | - G. Recher
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, University Bordeaux, Talence 33400, France
- Institut d’Optique Graduate School and CNRS UMR 5298, Talence 33400, France
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15
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Janiak FK, Bartel P, Bale MR, Yoshimatsu T, Komulainen E, Zhou M, Staras K, Prieto-Godino LL, Euler T, Maravall M, Baden T. Non-telecentric two-photon microscopy for 3D random access mesoscale imaging. Nat Commun 2022; 13:544. [PMID: 35087041 PMCID: PMC8795402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffraction-limited two-photon microscopy permits minimally invasive optical monitoring of neuronal activity. However, most conventional two-photon microscopes impose significant constraints on the size of the imaging field-of-view and the specific shape of the effective excitation volume, thus limiting the scope of biological questions that can be addressed and the information obtainable. Here, employing a non-telecentric optical design, we present a low-cost, easily implemented and flexible solution to address these limitations, offering a several-fold expanded three-dimensional field of view. Moreover, rapid laser-focus control via an electrically tunable lens allows near-simultaneous imaging of remote regions separated in three dimensions and permits the bending of imaging planes to follow natural curvatures in biological structures. Crucially, our core design is readily implemented (and reversed) within a matter of hours, making it highly suitable as a base platform for further development. We demonstrate the application of our system for imaging neuronal activity in a variety of examples in zebrafish, mice and fruit flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F K Janiak
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
| | - P Bartel
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - M R Bale
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - T Yoshimatsu
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - E Komulainen
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - M Zhou
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - K Staras
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - T Euler
- Institute of Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M Maravall
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - T Baden
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
- Institute of Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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16
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Yu CH, Stirman JN, Yu Y, Hira R, Smith SL. Diesel2p mesoscope with dual independent scan engines for flexible capture of dynamics in distributed neural circuitry. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6639. [PMID: 34789723 PMCID: PMC8599518 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging the activity of neurons that are widely distributed across brain regions deep in scattering tissue at high speed remains challenging. Here, we introduce an open-source system with Dual Independent Enhanced Scan Engines for Large field-of-view Two-Photon imaging (Diesel2p). Combining optical design, adaptive optics, and temporal multiplexing, the system offers subcellular resolution over a large field-of-view of ~25 mm2, encompassing distances up to 7 mm, with independent scan engines. We demonstrate the flexibility and various use cases of this system for calcium imaging of neurons in the living brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hang Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Yiyi Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Riichiro Hira
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Spencer L Smith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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17
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Borah BJ, Lee JC, Chi HH, Hsiao YT, Yen CT, Sun CK. Nyquist-exceeding high voxel rate acquisition in mesoscopic multiphoton microscopy for full-field submicron resolution resolvability. iScience 2021; 24:103041. [PMID: 34585109 PMCID: PMC8450254 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nyquist-Shannon criterion has never been realized in a laser-scanning mesoscopic multiphoton microscope (MPM) with a large field-of-view (FOV)-resolution ratio, especially when employing a high-frequency resonant-raster-scanning. With a high optical resolution nature, a current mesoscopic-MPM either neglects the criterion and degrades the digital resolution to twice the pixel size, or reduces the FOV and/or the raster-scanning speed to avoid aliasing. We introduce a Nyquist figure-of-merit (NFOM) parameter to characterize a laser-scanning MPM in terms of its optical-resolution retrieving ability. Based on NFOM, we define the maximum aliasing-free FOV, and subsequently, a cross-over excitation wavelength, below which the FOV becomes NFOM-constrained irrespective of an optimized optical design. We validate our idea in a custom-built mesoscopic-MPM with millimeter-scale FOV yielding an ultra-high FOV-resolution ratio of >3,000, while securing up-to a 1.6 mm Nyquist-satisfied aliasing-free FOV, a ∼400 nm lateral resolution, and a 70 M/s effective voxel-sampling rate, all at the same time. Nyquist figure-of-merit is introduced to characterize laser-scanning MPM digitization Maximum aliasing-free FOV and cross-over excitation wavelength are formulated High repetition-rate laser can enable high-speed large-FOV high-resolution MPM imaging Up-to 1.6 mm-wide non-aliased FOV and ∼400 nm digital resolution at 8 kHz line-rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Jyoti Borah
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jye-Chang Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Han-Hsiung Chi
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Tung Yen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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18
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Fast, cell-resolution, contiguous-wide two-photon imaging to reveal functional network architectures across multi-modal cortical areas. Neuron 2021; 109:1810-1824.e9. [PMID: 33878295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fast and wide field-of-view imaging with single-cell resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, and no optical aberrations have the potential to inspire new avenues of investigations in biology. However, such imaging is challenging because of the inevitable tradeoffs among these parameters. Here, we overcome these tradeoffs by combining a resonant scanning system, a large objective with low magnification and high numerical aperture, and highly sensitive large-aperture photodetectors. The result is a practically aberration-free, fast-scanning high optical invariant two-photon microscopy (FASHIO-2PM) that enables calcium imaging from a large network composed of ∼16,000 neurons at 7.5 Hz from a 9 mm2 contiguous image plane, including more than 10 sensory-motor and higher-order areas of the cerebral cortex in awake mice. Network analysis based on single-cell activities revealed that the brain exhibits small-world rather than scale-free behavior. The FASHIO-2PM is expected to enable studies on biological dynamics by simultaneously monitoring macroscopic activities and their compositional elements.
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19
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Pineau Noël V, Masoumi S, Parham E, Genest G, Bégin L, Vigneault MA, Côté DC. Tools and tutorial on practical ray tracing for microscopy. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:010801. [PMID: 36278783 PMCID: PMC7818000 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.1.010801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Significance: An advanced understanding of optical design is necessary to create optimal systems but this is rarely taught as part of general curriculum. Compounded by the fact that professional optical design software tools have a prohibitive learning curve, this means that neither knowledge nor tools are easily accessible. Aim: In this tutorial, we introduce a raytracing module for Python, originally developed for teaching optics with ray matrices, to simplify the design and optimization of optical systems. Approach: This module is developed for ray matrix calculations in Python. Many important concepts of optical design that are often poorly understood such as apertures, aperture stops, and field stops are illustrated. Results: The module is explained with examples in real systems with collection efficiency, vignetting, and intensity profiles. Also, the optical invariant, an important benchmark property for optical systems, is used to characterize an optical system. Conclusions: This raytracing Python module will help improve the reader's understanding of optics and also help them design optimal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Pineau Noël
- Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, Canada
- Université Laval, Centre D’Optique, Photonique et Laser, Québec, Canada
| | - Shadi Masoumi
- Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, Canada
- Université Laval, Centre D’Optique, Photonique et Laser, Québec, Canada
| | - Elahe Parham
- Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, Canada
- Université Laval, Centre D’Optique, Photonique et Laser, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Genest
- Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, Canada
- Université Laval, Centre D’Optique, Photonique et Laser, Québec, Canada
| | - Ludovick Bégin
- Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, Canada
- Université Laval, Centre D’Optique, Photonique et Laser, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc-André Vigneault
- Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, Canada
- Université Laval, Centre D’Optique, Photonique et Laser, Québec, Canada
| | - Daniel C. Côté
- Université Laval, CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, Canada
- Université Laval, Centre D’Optique, Photonique et Laser, Québec, Canada
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20
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Peinado A, Bendek E, Yokoyama S, Poskanzer KE. Deformable mirror-based axial scanning for two-photon mammalian brain imaging. NEUROPHOTONICS 2021; 8:015003. [PMID: 33437848 PMCID: PMC7778453 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.8.1.015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: To expand our understanding of the roles of astrocytes in neural circuits, there is a need to develop optical tools tailored specifically to capture their complex spatiotemporal Ca 2 + dynamics. This interest is not limited to 2D, but to multiple depths. Aim: The focus of our work was to design and evaluate the optical performance of an enhanced version of a two-photon (2P) microscope with the addition of a deformable mirror (DM)-based axial scanning system for live mammalian brain imaging. Approach: We used a DM to manipulate the beam wavefront by applying different defocus terms to cause a controlled axial shift of the image plane. The optical design and performance were evaluated by an analysis of the optical model, followed by an experimental characterization of the implemented instrument. Results: Key questions related to this instrument were addressed, including impact of the DM curvature change on vignetting, field of view size, image plane flatness, wavefront error, and point spread function. The instrument was used for imaging several neurobiological samples at different depths, including fixed brain slices and in vivo mouse cerebral cortex. Conclusions: Our implemented instrument was capable of recording z -stacks of 53 μ m in depth with a fine step size, parameters that make it useful for astrocyte biology research. Future work includes adaptive optics and intensity normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Peinado
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Eduardo Bendek
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration, AMES Research Center, Moffet Field, California, United States
| | - Sae Yokoyama
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Kira E. Poskanzer
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California, United States
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, San Francisco, California, United States
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21
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Validation of red blood cell flux and velocity estimations based on optical coherence tomography intensity fluctuations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19584. [PMID: 33177606 PMCID: PMC7658245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a validation of red blood cell flux and speed measurements based on the passage of erythrocytes through the OCT’s focal volume. We compare the performance of the so-called RBC-passage OCT technique to co-localized and simultaneously acquired two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy (TPEF) measurements. Using concurrent multi-modal imaging, we show that fluctuations in the OCT signal display highly similar features to TPEF time traces. Furthermore, we demonstrate an overall difference in RBC flux and speed of 2.5 ± 3.27 RBC/s and 0.12 ± 0.67 mm/s (mean ± S.D.), compared to TPEF. The analysis also revealed that the OCT RBC flux estimation is most accurate between 20 RBC/s to 60 RBC/s, and is severely underestimated at fluxes beyond 80 RBC/s. Lastly, our analysis shows that the RBC speed estimations increase in accuracy as the speed decreases, reaching a difference of 0.16 ± 0.25 mm/s within the 0–0.5 mm/s speed range.
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22
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Tang Q, Tsytsarev V, Yan F, Wang C, Erzurumlu RS, Chen Y. In vivo voltage-sensitive dye imaging of mouse cortical activity with mesoscopic optical tomography. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:041402. [PMID: 33274250 PMCID: PMC7708784 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.4.041402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Cellular layering is a hallmark of the mammalian neocortex with layer and cell type-specific connections within the cortical mantle and subcortical connections. A key challenge in studying circuit function within the neocortex is to understand the spatial and temporal patterns of information flow between different columns and layers. Aim: We aimed to investigate the three-dimensional (3D) layer- and area-specific interactions in mouse cortex in vivo. Approach: We applied a new promising neuroimaging method-fluorescence laminar optical tomography in combination with voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDi). VSDi is a powerful technique for interrogating membrane potential dynamics in assemblies of cortical neurons, but it is traditionally used for two-dimensional (2D) imaging. Our mesoscopic technique allows visualization of neuronal activity in a 3D manner with high temporal resolution. Results: We first demonstrated the depth-resolved capability of 3D mesoscopic imaging technology in Thy1-ChR2-YFP transgenic mice. Next, we recorded the long-range functional projections between sensory cortex (S1) and motor cortex (M1) in mice, in vivo, following single whisker deflection. Conclusions: The results show that mesoscopic imaging technique has the potential to investigate the layer-specific neural connectivity in the mouse cortex in vivo. Combination of mesoscopic imaging technique with optogenetic control strategy is a promising platform for determining depth-resolved interactions between cortical circuit elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggong Tang
- University of Oklahoma, Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, Norman, Oklahoma, United States
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, Maryland, United States
- Address all correspondence to Qinggong Tang, ; Reha S. Erzurumlu, ; Yu Chen,
| | - Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Feng Yan
- University of Oklahoma, Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, Norman, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Chen Wang
- University of Oklahoma, Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, Norman, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Reha S. Erzurumlu
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Address all correspondence to Qinggong Tang, ; Reha S. Erzurumlu, ; Yu Chen,
| | - Yu Chen
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, Maryland, United States
- University of Massachusetts, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Qinggong Tang, ; Reha S. Erzurumlu, ; Yu Chen,
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23
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Recher G, Nassoy P, Badon A. Remote scanning for ultra-large field of view in wide-field microscopy and full-field OCT. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:2578-2590. [PMID: 32499945 PMCID: PMC7249822 DOI: 10.1364/boe.383329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Imaging specimens over large scales and with a sub-micron resolution is instrumental to biomedical research. Yet, the number of pixels to form such an image usually exceeds the number of pixels provided by conventional cameras. Although most microscopes are equipped with a motorized stage to displace the specimen and acquire the image tile-by-tile, we propose an alternative strategy that does not require to move any part in the sample plane. We propose to add a scanning mechanism in the detection unit of the microscope to collect sequentially different sub-areas of the field of view. Our approach, called remote scanning, is compatible with all camera-based microscopes. We evaluate the performances in both wide-field microscopy and full-field optical coherence tomography and we show that a field of view of 2.2 × 2.2 mm2 with a 1.1 μm resolution can be acquired. We finally demonstrate that the method is especially suited to image motion-sensitive samples and large biological samples such as millimetric engineered tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Recher
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Pierre Nassoy
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Amaury Badon
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique Numérique et Nanosciences, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique Graduate School & CNRS UMR 5298, F-33400 Talence, France
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Atry F, Rentchler E, Alkmin S, Dai B, Li B, Eliceiri KW, Campagnola PJ. Parallel multiphoton excited fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds using a diffractive optical element. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:2744-2757. [PMID: 32121956 PMCID: PMC7053494 DOI: 10.1364/oe.381362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton excited photochemistry is a powerful technique for freeform nano/microfabrication. However, the construction of large and complex structures using single point scanning is slow, where this is a significant limitation for biological investigations. We demonstrate increased throughput via parallel fabrication using a diffractive optical element. To implement an approach with large field of view and near-theoretical resolution, a scan lens was designed that is optimized for using low-magnification high NA objective lenses. We demonstrate that with this approach it is possible to synthesize large scaffolds at speeds several times faster than by single point scanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Atry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Eric Rentchler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Samuel Alkmin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bing Dai
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Li Y, Lim YJ, Xu Q, Beattie L, Gardiner EE, Gaus K, Heath WR, Lee WM. Raster adaptive optics for video rate aberration correction and large FOV multiphoton imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:1032-1042. [PMID: 32206400 PMCID: PMC7041464 DOI: 10.1364/boe.377044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Removal of complex aberrations at millisecond time scales over millimeters in distance in multiphoton laser scanning microscopy limits the total spatiotemporal imaging throughput for deep tissue imaging. Using a single low resolution deformable mirror and time multiplexing (TM) adaptive optics, we demonstrate video rate aberration correction (5 ms update rate for a single wavefront mask) for a complex heterogeneous distribution of refractive index differences through a depth of up to 1.1 mm and an extended imaging FOV of up to 0.8 mm, with up to 167% recovery of fluorescence intensity 335 µm from the center of the FOV. The proposed approach, termed raster adaptive optics (RAO), integrates image-based aberration retrieval and video rate removal of arbitrarily defined regions of dominant, spatially varied wavefronts. The extended FOV was achieved by demonstrating rapid recovery of up to 50 distinct wavefront masks at 500 ms update rates that increased imaging throughput by 2.3-fold. Because RAO only requires a single deformable mirror with image-based aberration retrieval, it can be directly implemented on a standard laser scanning multiphoton microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiao Li
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, 31 North Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yean J. Lim
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, 31 North Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Qiongkai Xu
- Research School of Computer Science, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, 31 North Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lynette Beattie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E. Gardiner
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science and ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of New South Wales, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - William R. Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Woei Ming Lee
- Research School of Electrical, Energy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, The Australian National University, 31 North Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Chang H, Jang WH, Lee S, Kim B, Kim MJ, Kim WO, Ryoo YW, Oh BH, Kim KH. Moxifloxacin Labeling-Based Multiphoton Microscopy of Skin Cancers in Asians. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 52:373-382. [PMID: 31338864 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Although multiphoton microscopy (MPM) can visualize both cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) structures of the skin in high-contrast without exogenous labeling, label-free MPM is usually too slow to image clinically relevant large regions. A high-speed MPM method would be beneficial for evaluating clinical skin specimens by increasing the imaging area. In this study, moxifloxacin labeling-based MPM (moxifloxacin MPM) was characterized in various human skin cancer specimens. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution was used for cell-labeling and MPM imaging was conducted afterwards. Moxifloxacin MPM was characterized in ex vivo normal human skin and skin cancer specimens in comparison with the label-free MPM and fluorescence confocal microscopy (FCM) using acridine orange as a labeling agent. Then, moxifloxacin MPM was applied to various ex vivo human skin cancer specimens including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Results of moxifloxacin MPM were compared with bright-field clinical and histopathologic findings. RESULTS Moxifloxacin MPM imaged both cells and collagen in the skin, similarly to label-free MPM, but with enhanced fluorescence intensities in cells and enhanced imaging speeds. Moxifloxacin MPM imaged cells in the skin similarly to acridine orange-based FCM. Moxifloxacin MPM of various human skin cancer specimens imaged their specific cellular features. The microscopic features detected in moxifloxacin MPM were confirmed with histological images. CONCLUSIONS This observational pilot study demonstrated that moxifloxacin MPM could detect specific cellular features of various skin cancers in good correlation with histopathological images in Asian patients at the higher imaging speed than label-free MPM. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoonchul Chang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyuk Jang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumju Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Joon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asan Medical Center, Asan University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro, 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Oh Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Ryoo
- Department of Dermatology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
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