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Boland PA, Hardy NP, Moynihan A, McEntee PD, Loo C, Fenlon H, Cahill RA. Intraoperative near infrared functional imaging of rectal cancer using artificial intelligence methods - now and near future state of the art. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:3135-3148. [PMID: 38858280 PMCID: PMC11300525 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06731-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains a major cause of cancer death and morbidity worldwide. Surgery is a major treatment modality for primary and, increasingly, secondary curative therapy. However, with more patients being diagnosed with early stage and premalignant disease manifesting as large polyps, greater accuracy in diagnostic and therapeutic precision is needed right from the time of first endoscopic encounter. Rapid advancements in the field of artificial intelligence (AI), coupled with widespread availability of near infrared imaging (currently based around indocyanine green (ICG)) can enable colonoscopic tissue classification and prognostic stratification for significant polyps, in a similar manner to contemporary dynamic radiological perfusion imaging but with the advantage of being able to do so directly within interventional procedural time frames. It can provide an explainable method for immediate digital biopsies that could guide or even replace traditional forceps biopsies and provide guidance re margins (both areas where current practice is only approximately 80% accurate prior to definitive excision). Here, we discuss the concept and practice of AI enhanced ICG perfusion analysis for rectal cancer surgery while highlighting recent and essential near-future advancements. These include breakthrough developments in computer vision and time series analysis that allow for real-time quantification and classification of fluorescent perfusion signals of rectal cancer tissue intraoperatively that accurately distinguish between normal, benign, and malignant tissues in situ endoscopically, which are now undergoing international prospective validation (the Horizon Europe CLASSICA study). Next stage advancements may include detailed digital characterisation of small rectal malignancy based on intraoperative assessment of specific intratumoral fluorescent signal pattern. This could include T staging and intratumoral molecular process profiling (e.g. regarding angiogenesis, differentiation, inflammatory component, and tumour to stroma ratio) with the potential to accurately predict the microscopic local response to nonsurgical treatment enabling personalised therapy via decision support tools. Such advancements are also applicable to the next generation fluorophores and imaging agents currently emerging from clinical trials. In addition, by providing an understandable, applicable method for detailed tissue characterisation visually, such technology paves the way for acceptance of other AI methodology during surgery including, potentially, deep learning methods based on whole screen/video detailing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Boland
- UCD Centre for Precision Surgery, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, 47 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N P Hardy
- UCD Centre for Precision Surgery, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, 47 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Moynihan
- UCD Centre for Precision Surgery, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, 47 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P D McEntee
- UCD Centre for Precision Surgery, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, 47 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Loo
- UCD Centre for Precision Surgery, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, 47 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Dublin, Ireland
| | - H Fenlon
- Department of Radiology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R A Cahill
- UCD Centre for Precision Surgery, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, 47 Eccles Street, Dublin 7, Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Lim ZY, Mohan S, Balasubramaniam S, Ahmed S, Siew CCH, Shelat VG. Indocyanine green dye and its application in gastrointestinal surgery: The future is bright green. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:1841-1857. [PMID: 37901741 PMCID: PMC10600780 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i9.1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG) is a water-soluble fluorescent dye that is minimally toxic and widely used in gastrointestinal surgery. ICG facilitates anatomical identification of structures (e.g., ureters), assessment of lymph nodes, biliary mapping, organ perfusion and anastomosis assessment, and aids in determining the adequacy of oncological margins. In addition, ICG can be conjugated to artificially created antibodies for tumour markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen for colorectal, breast, lung, and gastric cancer, prostate-specific antigen for prostate cancer, and cancer antigen 125 for ovarian cancer. Although ICG has shown promising results, the optimization of patient factors, dye factors, equipment, and the method of assessing fluorescence intensity could further enhance its utility. This review summarizes the clinical application of ICG in gastrointestinal surgery and discusses the emergence of novel dyes such as ZW-800 and VM678 that have demonstrated appropriate pharmacokinetic properties and improved target-to-background ratios in animal studies. With the emergence of robotic technology and the increasing reporting of ICG utility, a comprehensive review of clinical application of ICG in gastrointestinal surgery is timely and this review serves that aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zavier Yongxuan Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Swetha Mohan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | | | - Saleem Ahmed
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | | | - Vishal G Shelat
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore
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Zhang L, Cheng N, Liu H, Pan Y, Zhang Y, Gao F. High-sensitivity dynamic diffuse fluorescence tomography system for fluorescence pharmacokinetics. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:046002. [PMID: 35460219 PMCID: PMC9026229 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.4.046002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Dynamic diffuse fluorescence tomography (DFT) can recover the static distribution of fluorophores and track dynamic temporal events related to physiological and disease progression. Dynamic imaging indocyanine green (ICG) approved by the food and drug administration is still under-exploited because of its characteristics of low quantum yield and relatively rapid tissue metabolism. AIM In order to acquire the ICG tomographic image sequences for pharmacokinetic analysis, a dynamic DFT system was proposed. APPROACH A fiber-based dynamic DFT system adopts square-wave modulation lock-in photon-counting scheme and series-parallel measurement mode, which possesses high sensitivity, large dynamic range, high anti-ambient light ability in common knowledge, as well as good cost performance. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed system, the measurement stability and the anti-crosstalk-a crucial factor affecting the system parallelization-were assessed firstly, then a series of static phantoms, dynamic phantoms and in vivo mice experiments were conducted to verify the imaging capability. RESULTS The system has the limited dynamic range of 100 dB, the fluctuation of photon counting within 3%, and channel-to-channel crosstalk ratio better than 1.35. Under the condition of a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio, a complete measurement time for one frame image was 10.08 s. The experimental results of static phantoms with a single target and three targets showed that this system can accurately obtain the positions, sizes, and shapes of the targets and the reconstructed images exhibited a high quantitativeness. Further, the self-designed dynamic phantom experiments demonstrated the capability of the system to capture fast changing fluorescence signals. Finally, the in vivo experiments validated the practical capability of the system to effectively track the ICG metabolism in living mice. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that our proposed system can be utilized for assessing ICG pharmacokinetics, which may provide a valuable tool for tumor detection, drug assessment, and liver function evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instrument, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Cheng
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University, Tianjin International Engineering Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Liu
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingxue Pan
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University, School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instrument, Tianjin, China
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Lee YH, Kuo PW, Chen CJ, Sue CJ, Hsu YF, Pan MC. Indocyanine Green-Camptothecin Co-Loaded Perfluorocarbon Double-Layer Nanocomposite: A Versatile Nanotheranostics for Photochemotherapy and FDOT Diagnosis of Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091499. [PMID: 34575572 PMCID: PMC8466706 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer and is the leading cause of neoplastic disease burden for females worldwide, suggesting that effective therapeutic and/or diagnostic strategies are still urgently needed. In this study, a type of indocyanine green (ICG) and camptothecin (CPT) co-loaded perfluorocarbon double-layer nanocomposite named ICPNC was developed for detection and photochemotherapy of breast cancer. The ICPNCs were designed to be surface modifiable for on-demand cell targeting and can serve as contrast agents for fluorescence diffuse optical tomography (FDOT). Upon near infrared (NIR) irradiation, the ICPNCs can generate a significantly increased production of singlet oxygen compared to free ICG, and offer a comparable cytotoxicity with reduced chemo-drug dosage. Based on the results of animal study, we further demonstrated that the ICPNCs ([ICG]/[CPT] = 40-/7.5-μM) in association with 1-min NIR irradiation (808 nm, 6 W/cm2) can provide an exceptional anticancer effect to the MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing mice whereby the tumor size was significantly reduced by 80% with neither organ damage nor systemic toxicity after a 21-day treatment. Given a number of aforementioned merits, we anticipate that the developed ICPNC is a versatile theranostic nanoagent which is highly promising to be used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsiang Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan; (P.-W.K.); (C.-J.C.); (C.-J.S.)
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (M.-C.P.); Tel.: +886-3-422-7151 (ext. 27755) (Y.-H.L.); +886-3-422-7151 (ext. 34312) (M.-C.P.)
| | - Po-Wei Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan; (P.-W.K.); (C.-J.C.); (C.-J.S.)
| | - Chun-Ju Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan; (P.-W.K.); (C.-J.C.); (C.-J.S.)
| | - Chu-Jih Sue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan; (P.-W.K.); (C.-J.C.); (C.-J.S.)
| | - Ya-Fen Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan City 324609, Taiwan;
| | - Min-Chun Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (M.-C.P.); Tel.: +886-3-422-7151 (ext. 27755) (Y.-H.L.); +886-3-422-7151 (ext. 34312) (M.-C.P.)
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Price MJ, Baëta C, Dalton TE, Nguyen A, Lavau C, Pennington Z, Sciubba DM, Goodwin CR. Animal Models of Metastatic Lesions to the Spine: a Focus on Epidural Spinal Cord Compression. World Neurosurg 2021; 155:122-134. [PMID: 34343682 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) secondary to spine metastases is one of the most devastating sequelae of primary cancer as it may lead to muscle weakness, paresthesia, pain, and paralysis. Spine metastases occur through a multi-step process that can result in eventual ESCC; however, the lack of a preclinical model to effectively recapitulate each step of this metastatic cascade and the symptom burden of ESCC has limited our understanding of this disease process. In this review, we discuss animal models that best recapitulate ESCC; we start with a broad discussion of commonly used models of bone metastasis and end with a focused discussion of models used to specifically study ESCC. Orthotopic models offer the most authentic recapitulation of metastasis development; however, they rarely result in symptomatic ESCC and are challenging to replicate. Conversely, models that involve injection of tumor cells directly into the bloodstream or bone better mimic the symptoms of ESCC; however, they provide limited insight into the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and natural hematogenous spread of tumor cell. Therefore, until an ideal model is created, it is critical to select an animal model that is specifically designed to answer the scientific question of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J Price
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - César Baëta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tara E Dalton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Annee Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Catherine Lavau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zach Pennington
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra, Long Island Jewish Medical Center and North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - C Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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Bourgeois P, Veys I, Noterman D, De Neubourg F, Chintinne M, Vankerckhove S, Nogaret JM. Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging of Breast Cancer and Axillary Lymph Nodes After Intravenous Injection of Free Indocyanine Green. Front Oncol 2021; 11:602906. [PMID: 33767980 PMCID: PMC7985064 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.602906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) of breast cancer (BC) after the intravenous (IV) injection of free indocyanine green (fICG) has been reported to be feasible. However, some questions remained unclarified. Objective To evaluate the distribution of fICG in BC and the axillary lymph nodes (LNs) of women undergoing surgery with complete axillary LN dissection (CALND) and/or selective lymphadenectomy (SLN) of sentinel LNs (NCT no. 01993576 and NCT no. 02027818). Methods An intravenous injection of fICG (0.25 mg/kg) was administered to one series of 20 women undergoing treatment with mastectomy, the day before surgery in 5 (group 1) and immediately before surgery in 15 (group 2: tumor localization, 25; and pN+ CALND, 4) as well as to another series of 20 women undergoing treatment with tumorectomy (group 3). A dedicated NIR camera was used for ex vivo fluorescence imaging of the 45 BC lesions and the LNs. Results In group 1, two of the four BC lesions and one large pN+ LN exhibited fluorescence. In contrast, 24 of the 25 tumors in group 2 and all of the tumors in group 3 were fluorescent. The sentinel LNs were all fluorescent, as well as some of the LNs in all CALND specimens. Metastatic cells were found in the fluorescent LNs of the pN+ cases. Fluorescent BC lesions could be identified ex vivo on the surface of the lumpectomy specimen in 14 of 19 cases. Conclusions When fICG is injected intravenously just before surgery, BC can be detected using NIRFI with high sensitivity, with metastatic axillary LNs also showing fluorescence. Such a technical approach seems promising in the management of BC and merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bourgeois
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Veys
- Surgery Service, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Danielle Noterman
- Surgery Service, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filip De Neubourg
- Surgery Service, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Chintinne
- Department of Anatomo-Pathology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Vankerckhove
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Nogaret
- Surgery Service, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Mo W, Patel NJ, Chen Y, Pandey R, Sunar U. Mapping fluorescence resonance energy transfer parameters of a bifunctional agent using time-domain fluorescence diffuse optical tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202000291. [PMID: 33025728 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to map fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) parameters of a bifunctional photodynamic therapy agent, (2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a)-cyanine dye (HPPH-CD) conjugate, which consists of a photosensitizer (HPPH) and a fluorescent agent CD. We utilized time-domain fluorescence diffuse optical tomography, the normalized Born ratio model in the Fourier-domain, and an iterative algorithm to map depth-resolved spatial heterogeneities of FRET parameters. Our results exhibited depth-resolved changes of fluorophore's lifetime and the distance maps due to FRET between HPPH and CD. Our model suggests a potential approach of using FRET parameters to monitor efficacies of multifunctional photodynamic therapy agents in deep tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Mo
- Topcon Healthcare Solutions, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Nayan J Patel
- Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yihui Chen
- Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ravindra Pandey
- Department of Cell Stress Biology and PDT Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ulas Sunar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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Gaitan B, Inglut CT, Liu Y, Chen Y, Huang HC. Depth-resolved imaging of photosensitizer in the rodent brain using fluorescence laminar optical tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200139R. [PMID: 32981239 PMCID: PMC7519352 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.9.096007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Previous studies have been performed to image photosensitizers in certain organs and tumors using fluorescence laminar optical tomography. Currently, no work has yet been published to quantitatively compare the signal compensation of fluorescence laminar optical tomography with two-dimensional (2-D) imaging in tissues. AIM The purpose of this study is to quantify the benefit that fluorescence laminar optical tomography holds over 2-D imaging. We compared fluorescence laminar optical tomography with maximum intensity projection imaging to simulate 2-D imaging, as this would be the most similar and stringent comparison. APPROACH A capillary filled with a photosensitizer was placed in a phantom and ex vivo rodent brains, with fluorescence laminar optical tomography and maximum intensity projection images obtained. The signal loss in the Z direction was quantified and compared to see which methodology could compensate better for signal loss caused by tissue attenuation. RESULTS The results demonstrated that we can reconstruct a capillary filled with benzoporphyrin derivative photosensitizers faithfully in phantoms and in ex vivo rodent brain tissues using fluorescence laminar optical tomography. We further demonstrated that we can better compensate for signal loss when compared with maximum intensity projection imaging. CONCLUSIONS Using fluorescence laminar optical tomography (FLOT), one can compensate for signal loss in deeper parts of tissue when imaging in ex vivo rodent brain tissue compared with maximum intensity projection imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Gaitan
- University of Maryland College Park, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Collin T. Inglut
- University of Maryland College Park, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- University of Maryland College Park, College of Computer Science, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- University of Massachusetts-Amherst, S617 Life Science Laboratories, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
- Address all correspondence to Yu Chen, E-mail: ; Huang-Chiao Huang, E-mail:
| | - Huang-Chiao Huang
- University of Maryland College Park, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, College Park, Maryland, United States
- University of Maryland, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Address all correspondence to Yu Chen, E-mail: ; Huang-Chiao Huang, E-mail:
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Ozturk MS, Lee VK, Zou H, Friedel RH, Intes X, Dai G. High-resolution tomographic analysis of in vitro 3D glioblastoma tumor model under long-term drug treatment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay7513. [PMID: 32181351 PMCID: PMC7060061 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay7513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal type of brain tumor that often develop therapeutic resistance over months of chemotherapy cycles. Recently, 3D GBM models were developed to facilitate evaluation of drug treatment before undergoing expensive animal studies. However, for long-term evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, novel approaches for GBM tissue construction are still needed. Moreover, there is still a need to develop fast and sensitive imaging methods for the noninvasive assessment of this 3D constructs and their response to drug treatment. Here, we report on the development of an integrated platform that enable generating (i) an in vitro 3D GBM model with perfused vascular channels that allows long-term culture and drug delivery and (ii) a 3D imaging modality that enables researchers to noninvasively assess longitudinal fluorescent signals over the whole in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet S. Ozturk
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vivian K. Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongyan Zou
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roland H. Friedel
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xavier Intes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Corresponding author. (X.I.); (G.D.)
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Corresponding author. (X.I.); (G.D.)
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Abstract
Optical imaging offers a high potential for noninvasive detection and therapy of cancer in humans. Recent advances in instrumentation for diffuse optical imaging have led to new capabilities for the detection of cancer in highly scattering tissue such as the female breast. In particular, fluorescence imaging was made applicable as a sensitive technique to image molecular probes in vivo. We review recent developments in the detection of breast cancer and fluorescence-guided surgery of the breast by contrast agents available for application on humans. Detection of cancer has been investigated with the unspecific contrast agents "indocyanine green" and "omocianine" so far. Hereby, indocyanine green was found to offer high potential for the differentiation of malignant and benign lesions by exploiting vessel permeability for macromolecules as a cancer-specific feature. Tumor-specific molecular targeting and activatable probes have been investigated in clinical trials for fluorescence-guided tumor margin detection. In this application, high spatial resolution can be achieved, since tumor regions are visualized mainly at the tissue surface. As another example of superficial tumor tissue, imaging of lesions in the gastrointestinal tract is discussed. Promising results have been obtained on high-risk patients with Barrett´s esophagus and with ulcerative colitis by administering 5-aminolevulinic acid which induces accumulation of protoporphyrin IX serving as a tumor-specific fluorescent marker. Time-gated fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy are effective ways to suppress underlying background from tissue autofluorescence. Furthermore, recently developed tumor-specific molecular probes have been demonstrated to be superior to white-light endoscopy offering new ways for early detection of malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Manohar S, Dantuma M. Current and future trends in photoacoustic breast imaging. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2019; 16:100134. [PMID: 31871887 PMCID: PMC6909206 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive detection of breast cancer has been regarded as the holy grail of applications for photoacoustic (optoacoustic) imaging right from the early days of re-discovery of the method. Two-and-a-half decades later we report on the state-of-the-art in photoacoustic breast imaging technology and clinical studies. Even within the single application of breast imaging, we find imagers with various measurement geometries, ultrasound detection characteristics, illumination schemes, and image reconstruction strategies. We first analyze the implications on performance of a few of these design choices in a generic imaging system, before going into detailed descriptions of the imagers. Per imaging system we present highlights of patient studies, which barring a couple are mostly in the nature of technology demonstrations and proof-of-principle studies. We close this work with a discussion on several aspects that may turn out to be crucial for the future clinical translation of the method.
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Etrych T, Janoušková O, Chytil P. Fluorescence Imaging as a Tool in Preclinical Evaluation of Polymer-Based Nano-DDS Systems Intended for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E471. [PMID: 31547308 PMCID: PMC6781319 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11090471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery using nano-sized carrier systems with targeting functions to malignant and inflammatory tissue and tailored controlled drug release inside targeted tissues or cells has been and is still intensively studied. A detailed understanding of the correlation between the pharmacokinetic properties and structure of the nano-sized carrier is crucial for the successful transition of targeted drug delivery nanomedicines into clinical practice. In preclinical research in particular, fluorescence imaging has become one of the most commonly used powerful imaging tools. Increasing numbers of suitable fluorescent dyes that are excitable in the visible to near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths of the spectrum and the non-invasive nature of the method have significantly expanded the applicability of fluorescence imaging. This chapter summarizes non-invasive fluorescence-based imaging methods and discusses their potential advantages and limitations in the field of drug delivery, especially in anticancer therapy. This chapter focuses on fluorescent imaging from the cellular level up to the highly sophisticated three-dimensional imaging modality at a systemic level. Moreover, we describe the possibility for simultaneous treatment and imaging using fluorescence theranostics and the combination of different imaging techniques, e.g., fluorescence imaging with computed tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Olga Janoušková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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13
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Gottam O, Naik N, Gambhir S. Parameterized level-set based pharmacokinetic fluorescence optical tomography using the regularized Gauss-Newton filter. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 24:1-17. [PMID: 30306755 PMCID: PMC6975229 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.3.031010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic tomography is emerging as an important methodology for detecting abnormalities in tissue based upon spatially varying estimation of the pharmacokinetic rates governing the leakage of an injected fluorophore between blood plasma and tissue. We present a shape-based reconstruction framework of a compartment-model based formulation of this dynamic fluorescent optical tomography problem to solve for the pharmacokinetic rates and concentrations of the fluorophore from time-varying log intensity measurements of the optical signal. The compartment-model based state variable model is set up in a radial basis function parameterized level set setting. The state (concentrations) and (pharmacokinetic) parameter estimation problem is solved with an iteratively regularized Gauss-Newton filter in a trust-region framework. Reconstructions obtained using this scheme for noisy data obtained from cancer mimicking numerical phantoms of near/sub-cm sizes show a good localization of the affected regions and reasonable estimates of the pharmacokinetic rates and concentration curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omprakash Gottam
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kanpur, India
| | - Naren Naik
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Department of Electrical Engineering, Kanpur, India
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Center for Lasers and Photonics, Kanpur, India
| | - Sanjay Gambhir
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Lucknow, India
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14
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Wang C, Wang Z, Zhao T, Li Y, Huang G, Sumer BD, Gao J. Optical molecular imaging for tumor detection and image-guided surgery. Biomaterials 2018; 157:62-75. [PMID: 29245052 PMCID: PMC6502237 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have witnessed rapid development of fluorescence molecular imaging of solid tumors for cancer diagnosis and image-guided surgery in the past decade. Many biomarkers unique to cancer cells or tumor microenvironment, such as cell surface receptors, hypoxia, secreted proteases and extracellular acidosis have been characterized, and can be used to distinguish cancer from normal tissue. A variety of optical imaging probes have been developed to target these biomarkers to improve tumor contrast over the background tissue. Unlike conventional anatomical and molecular imaging technologies, fluorescent imaging method benefits from its safety, high-spatial resolution and real-time capability, and therefore, has become a highly adoptable imaging method for tumor detection and image-guided surgery in clinics. In this review, we summarize recent progress in 'always-ON' and stimuli-activatable fluorescent imaging probes, and discuss their potentials in tumor detection and image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chensu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Baran D Sumer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Jinming Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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15
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Tang Q, Piard C, Lin J, Nan K, Guo T, Caccamese J, Fisher J, Chen Y. Imaging stem cell distribution, growth, migration, and differentiation in 3-D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering using mesoscopic fluorescence tomography. Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:257-265. [PMID: 28921540 PMCID: PMC5699959 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has emerged as an important discipline that aims to repair injury or replace damaged tissues or organs by introducing living cells or functioning tissues. Successful regenerative medicine strategies will likely depend upon a simultaneous optimization strategy for the design of biomaterials, cell-seeding methods, cell-biomaterial interactions, and molecular signaling within the engineered tissues. It remains a challenge to image three-dimensional (3-D) structures and functions of the cell-seeded scaffold in mesoscopic scale (>2 ∼ 3 mm). In this study, we utilized angled fluorescence laminar optical tomography (aFLOT), which allows depth-resolved molecular characterization of engineered tissues in 3-D to investigate cell viability, migration, and bone mineralization within bone tissue engineering scaffolds in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggong Tang
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2218 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Charlotte Piard
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2218 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jonathan Lin
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2218 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Kai Nan
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2218 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ting Guo
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2218 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John Caccamese
- University of Maryland School of Dentistry, 1217 Dental School, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - John Fisher
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2218 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2218 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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16
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Guo Y, Jiang K, Shen Z, Zheng G, Fan L, Zhao R, Shao J. A Small Molecule Nanodrug by Self-Assembly of Dual Anticancer Drugs and Photosensitizer for Synergistic near-Infrared Cancer Theranostics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:43508-43519. [PMID: 29171263 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted great attention. However, applications of some photosensitizers remain an obstacle by their poor photostability. To enhance the treatment efficiency of photosensitizers and tumor theranostic effect, herein, we reported a novel carrier-free, theranostic nanodrug by self-assembly of small molecule dual anticancer drugs and photosensitizer for tumor targeting. The developed carrier-free small molecule nanodrug delivery system was formed by hydrophobic ursolic acid, paclitaxel, and amphipathic indocyanine green (ICG) associated with electrostatic, π-π stacking, and hydrophobic interactions exhibiting water stability. The self-assembling of ICG on the dual anticancer nanodrug significantly enhanced water solubility of hydrophobic anticancer drugs and ICG photostability contributing to long-term near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and effective chemophototherapy of tumor. The in vivo NIR fluorescence imaging showed that the theranostic nanodrug could be targeted to the tumor site via a potential enhanced permeability and retention effect proving the efficient accumulation of nanoparticles in the tumor site. Dramatically, chemophototherapy of tumor-bearing mice in vivo almost completely suppressed tumor growth and no tumor recurrence was observed. Encouraged by its carrier-free, prominent imaging and effective therapy, the small molecule nanodrug via self-assembly will provide a promising strategy for synergistic cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Zhichun Shen
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Guirong Zheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Lulu Fan
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Jingwei Shao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University , Fuzhou 350116, China
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17
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Carbone NA, Iriarte DI, Pomarico JA. GPU accelerated Monte Carlo simulation of light propagation in inhomogeneous fluorescent turbid media: application to whole field CW imaging. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aa7b8f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Tang Q, Liu Y, Tsytsarev V, Lin J, Wang B, Kanniyappan U, Li Z, Chen Y. High-dynamic-range fluorescence laminar optical tomography (HDR-FLOT). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:2124-2137. [PMID: 28736659 PMCID: PMC5516817 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.002124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional fluorescence laminar optical tomography (FLOT) can achieve resolutions of 100-200 µm and penetration depths of 2-3 mm. FLOT has been used in tissue engineering, neuroscience, as well as oncology. The limited dynamic range of the charge-coupled device-based system makes it difficult to image fluorescent samples with a large concentration difference, limits its penetration depth, and diminishes the quantitative accuracy of 3D reconstruction data. Here, incorporating the high-dynamic-range (HDR) method widely used in digital cameras, we present HDR-FLOT, increasing penetration depth and improving the ability to image fluorescent samples with a large concentration difference. The method was tested using an agar phantom and a B6 mouse for brain imaging in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggong Tang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- Contributed equally
| | - Yi Liu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
- Contributed equally
| | - Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA
| | - Jonathan Lin
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Bohan Wang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Udayakumar Kanniyappan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Zhifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
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19
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Tang Q, Lin J, Tsytsarev V, Erzurumlu RS, Liu Y, Chen Y. Review of mesoscopic optical tomography for depth-resolved imaging of hemodynamic changes and neural activities. NEUROPHOTONICS 2017; 4:011009. [PMID: 27990452 PMCID: PMC5108095 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.4.1.011009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the functional wiring of neural circuits and their patterns of activation following sensory stimulations is a fundamental task in the field of neuroscience. Furthermore, charting the activity patterns is undoubtedly important to elucidate how neural networks operate in the living brain. However, optical imaging must overcome the effects of light scattering in the tissue, which limit the light penetration depth and affect both the imaging quantitation and sensitivity. Laminar optical tomography (LOT) is a three-dimensional (3-D) in-vivo optical imaging technique that can be used for functional imaging. LOT can achieve both a resolution of 100 to [Formula: see text] and a penetration depth of 2 to 3 mm based either on absorption or fluorescence contrast, as well as large field-of-view and high acquisition speed. These advantages make LOT suitable for 3-D depth-resolved functional imaging of the neural functions in the brain and spinal cords. We review the basic principles and instrumentations of representative LOT systems, followed by recent applications of LOT on 3-D imaging of neural activities in the rat forepaw stimulation model and mouse whisker-barrel system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggong Tang
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2334 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jonathan Lin
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2334 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, 20 Penn Street, HSFII S251, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Reha S. Erzurumlu
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, 20 Penn Street, HSFII S251, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2334 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- University of Maryland, Fischell Department of Bioengineering, 2334 Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Yu Chen, E-mail:
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20
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Molecular Targeted Fluorescence-Guided Intraoperative Imaging of Bladder Cancer Nodal Drainage Using Indocyanine Green During Radical and Partial Cystectomy. Curr Urol Rep 2016; 17:74. [DOI: 10.1007/s11934-016-0633-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Martelli C, Dico AL, Diceglie C, Lucignani G, Ottobrini L. Optical imaging probes in oncology. Oncotarget 2016; 7:48753-48787. [PMID: 27145373 PMCID: PMC5217050 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, characterized by alteration of different physiological molecular processes and cellular features. Keeping this in mind, the possibility of early identification and detection of specific tumor biomarkers by non-invasive approaches could improve early diagnosis and patient management.Different molecular imaging procedures provide powerful tools for detection and non-invasive characterization of oncological lesions. Clinical studies are mainly based on the use of computed tomography, nuclear-based imaging techniques and magnetic resonance imaging. Preclinical imaging in small animal models entails the use of dedicated instruments, and beyond the already cited imaging techniques, it includes also optical imaging studies. Optical imaging strategies are based on the use of luminescent or fluorescent reporter genes or injectable fluorescent or luminescent probes that provide the possibility to study tumor features even by means of fluorescence and luminescence imaging. Currently, most of these probes are used only in animal models, but the possibility of applying some of them also in the clinics is under evaluation.The importance of tumor imaging, the ease of use of optical imaging instruments, the commercial availability of a wide range of probes as well as the continuous description of newly developed probes, demonstrate the significance of these applications. The aim of this review is providing a complete description of the possible optical imaging procedures available for the non-invasive assessment of tumor features in oncological murine models. In particular, the characteristics of both commercially available and newly developed probes will be outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Lo Dico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Umberto Veronesi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Diceglie
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
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22
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Gulsen G, Birgul O, Unlu MB, Shafiiha R, Nalcioglu O. Combined Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) and MRI System for Cancer Imaging in Small Animals. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 5:351-63. [PMID: 16866566 DOI: 10.1177/153303460600500407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a great amount of interest in developing multi-modality imaging techniques for oncologic research and clinical studies with the aim of obtaining complementary information and, thus, improving the detection and characterization of tumors. In this present work, the details of a combined MR-diffuse optical imaging system for dual-modality imaging of small animals are given. As a part of this effort, a multi-spectral frequency domain diffuse optical tomography system is integrated with an MRI system. Here, a network analyzer provides the rf modulation signal for the laser diodes and measures the amplitude and the phase of the detected signals. Photomultiplier tubes are utilized to measure low-level signals. The integration of this optical imaging system with the 4T MRI system is realized by incorporating a fiber adaptive interface inside the MR magnet. Coregistration is achieved by a special probe design utilizing fiducial markers. A finite element algorithm is used to solve the diffusion equation and an inverse solver based on this forward solver is implemented to calculate the absorption and scattering maps from the acquired data. The MR a priori information is used to guide the optical reconstruction algorithm. Phantom studies show that the absorption coefficient of a 7 mm inclusion in an irregular object located in 64 mm phantom is recovered with 11% error when MR a priori information is used. ENU induced tumor model is used to test the performance of the system in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gultekin Gulsen
- Tu and Yuen Center for Functional Onco-Imaging, 164 Irvine Hall, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
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23
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Fantini S, Heffer EL, Pera VE, Sassaroli A, Liu N. Spatial and Spectral Information in Optical Mammography. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2016; 4:471-82. [PMID: 16173819 DOI: 10.1177/153303460500400502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews our research activities in the area of optical mammography and relates them to the historical developments and the current state and trends in the field. The guiding threads for this article are the roles played in optical mammography by spatial and spectral information. The first feature, spatial information, is limited by the diffusive nature of light propagation but can take advantage of the exceptionally high optical contrast featured by blood vessels and blood-rich areas in the breast. We describe a method to correct for edge effects, a spatial second-derivative algorithm, and a two-dimensional phased-array approach that enhance the image contrast, the spatial resolution, and the depth discrimination in optical mammograms. The second feature, spectral information, is the most powerful and unique capability of optical mammography, and allows for functional measurements associated with hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation, water concentration, lipids content, and the wavelength dependence of tissue scattering. We present oxygenation-index images obtained from multi-wavelength optical data that point to the diagnostic potential of oxygenation information in optical mammography. The optimization of the spatial and spectral information in optical mammography has the potential to create a role for this imaging modality in the detection and monitoring of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fantini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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24
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uPAR-targeted multimodal tracer for pre- and intraoperative imaging in cancer surgery. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14260-73. [PMID: 25895028 PMCID: PMC4546465 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre- and intraoperative diagnostic techniques facilitating tumor staging are of paramount importance in colorectal cancer surgery. The urokinase receptor (uPAR) plays an important role in the development of cancer, tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis and over-expression is found in the majority of carcinomas. This study aims to develop the first clinically relevant anti-uPAR antibody-based imaging agent that combines nuclear (111In) and real-time near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging (ZW800-1). Conjugation and binding capacities were investigated and validated in vitro using spectrophotometry and cell-based assays. In vivo, three human colorectal xenograft models were used including an orthotopic peritoneal carcinomatosis model to image small tumors. Nuclear and NIR fluorescent signals showed clear tumor delineation between 24h and 72h post-injection, with highest tumor-to-background ratios of 5.0 ± 1.3 at 72h using fluorescence and 4.2 ± 0.1 at 24h with radioactivity. 1-2 mm sized tumors could be clearly recognized by their fluorescent rim. This study showed the feasibility of an uPAR-recognizing multimodal agent to visualize tumors during image-guided resections using NIR fluorescence, whereas its nuclear component assisted in the pre-operative non-invasive recognition of tumors using SPECT imaging. This strategy can assist in surgical planning and subsequent precision surgery to reduce the number of incomplete resections.
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25
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Seo J, An Y, Lee J, Ku T, Kang Y, Ahn C, Choi C. Principal component analysis of dynamic fluorescence images for diagnosis of diabetic vasculopathy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:46003. [PMID: 27071414 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.4.046003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has been clinically used for noninvasive visualizations of vascular structures. We have previously developed a diagnostic system based on dynamic ICG fluorescence imaging for sensitive detection of vascular disorders. However, because high-dimensional raw data were used, the analysis of the ICG dynamics proved difficult. We used principal component analysis (PCA) in this study to extract important elements without significant loss of information. We examined ICG spatiotemporal profiles and identified critical features related to vascular disorders. PCA time courses of the first three components showed a distinct pattern in diabetic patients. Among the major components, the second principal component (PC2) represented arterial-like features. The explained variance of PC2 in diabetic patients was significantly lower than in normal controls. To visualize the spatial pattern of PCs, pixels were mapped with red, green, and blue channels. The PC2 score showed an inverse pattern between normal controls and diabetic patients. We propose that PC2 can be used as a representative bioimaging marker for the screening of vascular diseases. It may also be useful in simple extractions of arterial-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Seo
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yuri An
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Daejeon 34141, KoreabKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, KI for the BioCentury, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jungsul Lee
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Daejeon 34141, KoreabKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, KI for the BioCentury, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Taeyun Ku
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Yujung Kang
- Vieworks Co., R&D Center, Gyeonggi-do 14055, Korea
| | - Chulwoo Ahn
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chulhee Choi
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Daejeon 34141, KoreabKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, KI for the BioCentury, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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26
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Li J, Zhou Z, Zhao H, Gao F. Direct reconstruction in CT-analogous pharmacokinetic diffuse fluorescence tomography: two-dimensional simulative and experimental validations. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:46007. [PMID: 27093958 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.4.046007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a generalized strategy for direct reconstruction in pharmacokinetic diffuse fluorescence tomography (DFT) with CT-analogous scanning mode, which can accomplish one-step reconstruction of the indocyanine-green pharmacokinetic-rate images within in vivo small animals by incorporating the compartmental kinetic model into an adaptive extended Kalman filtering scheme and using an instantaneous sampling dataset. This scheme, compared with the established indirect and direct methods, eliminates the interim error of the DFT inversion and relaxes the expensive requirement of the instrument for obtaining highly time-resolved date-sets of complete 360 deg projections. The scheme is validated by two-dimensional simulations for the two-compartment model and pilot phantom experiments for the one-compartment model, suggesting that the proposed method can estimate the compartmental concentrations and the pharmacokinetic-rates simultaneously with a fair quantitative and localization accuracy, and is well suitable for cost-effective and dense-sampling instrumentation based on the highly-sensitive photon counting technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin 300072, ChinabTianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin 300072, ChinabTianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongxing Zhou
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin 300072, ChinabTianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin 300072, ChinabTianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Tianjin University, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin 300072, ChinabTianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
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Fluorescence optical imaging in anticancer drug delivery. J Control Release 2016; 226:168-81. [PMID: 26892751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the past several decades, nanosized drug delivery systems with various targeting functions and controlled drug release capabilities inside targeted tissues or cells have been intensively studied. Understanding their pharmacokinetic properties is crucial for the successful transition of this research into clinical practice. Among others, fluorescence imaging has become one of the most commonly used imaging tools in pre-clinical research. The development of increasing numbers of suitable fluorescent dyes excitable in the visible to near-infrared wavelengths of the spectrum has significantly expanded the applicability of fluorescence imaging. This paper focuses on the potential applications and limitations of non-invasive imaging techniques in the field of drug delivery, especially in anticancer therapy. Fluorescent imaging at both the cellular and systemic levels is discussed in detail. Additionally, we explore the possibility for simultaneous treatment and imaging using theranostics and combinations of different imaging techniques, e.g., fluorescence imaging with computed tomography.
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28
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Chen W, Wang X, Wang B, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Gao F. Lock-in-photon-counting-based highly-sensitive and large-dynamic imaging system for continuous-wave diffuse optical tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:499-511. [PMID: 26977358 PMCID: PMC4771467 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We implemented a novel lock-in photon-counting detection architecture that combines the ultra-high sensitivity of the photon-counting detection and the measurement parallelism of the lock-in technique. Based on this technique, a dual-wavelength simultaneous measurement continuous wave diffuse optical tomography system was developed with a configuration of 16 sources and 16 detectors that works in a tandem serial-to-parallel fashion. Methodology validation and performance assessment of the system were conducted using phantom experiments that demonstrate excellent measurement linearity, moderate-term system stability, robustness to noise and negligible inter-wavelength crosstalk. 2-D imaging experiments further validate high sensitivity of the lock-in photon-counting methodology as well as high reliability of the proposed system. The advanced detection principle can be adapted to achieving a fully parallelized instrumentation for the extended applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Chen
- Collage of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Collage of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bingyuan Wang
- Collage of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Collage of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Collage of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Collage of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Collage of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin 300072, China
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29
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Digonnet A, van Kerckhove S, Moreau M, Willemse E, Quiriny M, Ahmed B, de Saint Aubain N, Andry G, Bourgeois P. Near infrared fluorescent imaging after intravenous injection of indocyanine green during neck dissection in patients with head and neck cancer: A feasibility study. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E1833-7. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Digonnet
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jules Bordet Institute; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Sophie van Kerckhove
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jules Bordet Institute; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Michel Moreau
- Department of Biostatistics, Jules Bordet Institute; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Esther Willemse
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jules Bordet Institute; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Marie Quiriny
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jules Bordet Institute; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Bissan Ahmed
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jules Bordet Institute; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | | | - Guy Andry
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Jules Bordet Institute; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Pierre Bourgeois
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jules Bordet Institute; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
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Ozturk MS, Chen CW, Ji R, Zhao L, Nguyen BNB, Fisher JP, Chen Y, Intes X. Mesoscopic Fluorescence Molecular Tomography for Evaluating Engineered Tissues. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:667-79. [PMID: 26645079 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of regenerative medicine strategies includes the design of biomaterials, development of cell-seeding methods, and control of cell-biomaterial interactions within the engineered tissues. Among these steps, one paramount challenge is to non-destructively image the engineered tissues in their entirety to assess structure, function, and molecular expression. It is especially important to be able to enable cell phenotyping and monitor the distribution and migration of cells throughout the bulk scaffold. Advanced fluorescence microscopic techniques are commonly employed to perform such tasks; however, they are limited to superficial examination of tissue constructs. Therefore, the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine would greatly benefit from the development of molecular imaging techniques which are capable of non-destructive imaging of three-dimensional cellular distribution and maturation within a tissue-engineered scaffold beyond the limited depth of current microscopic techniques. In this review, we focus on an emerging depth-resolved optical mesoscopic imaging technique, termed laminar optical tomography (LOT) or mesoscopic fluorescence molecular tomography (MFMT), which enables longitudinal imaging of cellular distribution in thick tissue engineering constructs at depths of a few millimeters and with relatively high resolution. The physical principle, image formation, and instrumentation of LOT/MFMT systems are introduced. Representative applications in tissue engineering include imaging the distribution of human mesenchymal stem cells embedded in hydrogels, imaging of bio-printed tissues, and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet S Ozturk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Chao-Wei Chen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Robin Ji
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Bao-Ngoc B Nguyen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - John P Fisher
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yu Chen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Xavier Intes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.
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31
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Yao R, Pian Q, Intes X. Wide-field fluorescence molecular tomography with compressive sensing based preconditioning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4887-98. [PMID: 26713202 PMCID: PMC4679262 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Wide-field optical tomography based on structured light illumination and detection strategies enables efficient tomographic imaging of large tissues at very fast acquisition speeds. However, the optical inverse problem based on such instrumental approach is still ill-conditioned. Herein, we investigate the benefit of employing compressive sensing-based preconditioning to wide-field structured illumination and detection approaches. We assess the performances of Fluorescence Molecular Tomography (FMT) when using such preconditioning methods both in silico and with experimental data. Additionally, we demonstrate that such methodology could be used to select the subset of patterns that provides optimal reconstruction performances. Lastly, we compare preconditioning data collected using a normal base that offers good experimental SNR against that directly acquired with optimal designed base. An experimental phantom study is provided to validate the proposed technique.
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32
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Kim HK, Quan YH, Choi BH, Park JH, Han KN, Choi Y, Kim BM, Choi YH. Intraoperative pulmonary neoplasm identification using near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2015; 49:1497-502. [PMID: 26503731 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezv367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging provides surgeons with real-time visual information during surgery. The purpose of this pilot trial was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the intraoperative detection of pulmonary neoplasms with NIR fluorescence imaging after low-dose indocyanine green (ICG) injection. METHODS Eleven consecutive patients who were scheduled to undergo resection of pulmonary neoplasms were enrolled in this study. ICG (1 mg/kg) was administered intravenously 1 day before surgery, and the retrieved surgical specimens were examined for fluorescence signalling by using NIR fluorescence imaging system on a back table in the operating room. We analysed the fluorescence intensity, pathology, size, depth from the pleural surface and metabolic activity of the pulmonary neoplasms. RESULTS Fluorescence signalling was detected in all specimens except in one from a patient with primary lung cancer. Two false-positive cases that presented no residual tumour with obstructive pneumonitis, after concurrent chemoradiation therapy for primary lung cancer before the operation, were identified, and their fluorescence intensity was 8.6 ± 0.4. The mean fluorescence intensity of the eight pulmonary tumours was 3.4 ± 1.9, and these tumours did not differ in pathology, size, depth from the pleural surface or metabolic activity. CONCLUSIONS NIR fluorescence imaging could safely identify pulmonary neoplasms after the systemic injection of ICG. In addition, low-dose ICG is sufficient for NIR fluorescence imaging of pulmonary neoplasms. However, because the passive accumulation of ICG could not be used to discriminate tumours with inflammation, tumour-targeted fluorescence should be developed to solve this problem in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Koo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Hua Quan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byeong Hyeon Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kook Nam Han
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonho Choi
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beop-Min Kim
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Ho Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Marciniak L, Stefanski M, Tomala R, Hreniak D, Strek W. Synthesis and up-conversion luminescence of Er3+ and Y b3+ codoped nanocrystalline tetra- (KLaP4O12) and pentaphosphates (LaP5O14). J Chem Phys 2015; 143:094701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4929582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Marciniak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M. Stefanski
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - R. Tomala
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - D. Hreniak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - W. Strek
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Performance Enhancement of Pharmacokinetic Diffuse Fluorescence Tomography by Use of Adaptive Extended Kalman Filtering. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2015; 2015:739459. [PMID: 26089975 PMCID: PMC4452308 DOI: 10.1155/2015/739459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to both the physiological and morphological differences in the vascularization between healthy and diseased tissues, pharmacokinetic diffuse fluorescence tomography (DFT) can provide contrast-enhanced and comprehensive information for tumor diagnosis and staging. In this regime, the extended Kalman filtering (EKF) based method shows numerous advantages including accurate modeling, online estimation of multiparameters, and universal applicability to any optical fluorophore. Nevertheless the performance of the conventional EKF highly hinges on the exact and inaccessible prior knowledge about the initial values. To address the above issues, an adaptive-EKF scheme is proposed based on a two-compartmental model for the enhancement, which utilizes a variable forgetting-factor to compensate the inaccuracy of the initial states and emphasize the effect of the current data. It is demonstrated using two-dimensional simulative investigations on a circular domain that the proposed adaptive-EKF can obtain preferable estimation of the pharmacokinetic-rates to the conventional-EKF and the enhanced-EKF in terms of quantitativeness, noise robustness, and initialization independence. Further three-dimensional numerical experiments on a digital mouse model validate the efficacy of the method as applied in realistic biological systems.
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35
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Li C, Wang J, Hu J, Feng Y, Hasegawa K, Peng X, Duan X, Zhao A, Mikitsh JL, Muzykantov VR, Chacko AM, Pryma DA, Dunn SM, Coukos G. Development, optimization, and validation of novel anti-TEM1/CD248 affinity agent for optical imaging in cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:6994-7012. [PMID: 25051365 PMCID: PMC4196179 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor Endothelial Marker-1 (TEM1/CD248) is a tumor vascular marker with high therapeutic and diagnostic potentials. Immuno-imaging with TEM1-specific antibodies can help to detect cancerous lesions, monitor tumor responses, and select patients that are most likely to benefit from TEM1-targeted therapies. In particular, near infrared(NIR) optical imaging with biomarker-specific antibodies can provide real-time, tomographic information without exposing the subjects to radioactivity. To maximize the theranostic potential of TEM1, we developed a panel of all human, multivalent Fc-fusion proteins based on a previously identified single chain antibody (scFv78) that recognizes both human and mouse TEM1. By characterizing avidity, stability, and pharmacokinectics, we identified one fusion protein, 78Fc, with desirable characteristics for immuno-imaging applications. The biodistribution of radiolabeled 78Fc showed that this antibody had minimal binding to normal organs, which have low expression of TEM1. Next, we developed a 78Fc-based tracer and tested its performance in different TEM1-expressing mouse models. The NIR imaging and tomography results suggest that the 78Fc-NIR tracer performs well in distinguishing mouse- or human-TEM1 expressing tumor grafts from normal organs and control grafts in vivo. From these results we conclude that further development and optimization of 78Fc as a TEM1-targeted imaging agent for use in clinical settings is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Li
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Junying Wang
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania; Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine Jilin University; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jia Hu
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Saitama International Medical Center Saitama Medical University
| | - Xiaohui Peng
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Xingmei Duan
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Aizhi Zhao
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - John L Mikitsh
- Nuclear Medicine & Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Ann-Marie Chacko
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania; Nuclear Medicine & Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel A Pryma
- Nuclear Medicine & Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Steven M Dunn
- Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne
| | - George Coukos
- Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania; Ludwig Cancer Research Center, University of Lausanne
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36
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Zhang G, Pu H, He W, Liu F, Luo J, Bai J. Bayesian Framework Based Direct Reconstruction of Fluorescence Parametric Images. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2015; 34:1378-1391. [PMID: 25622312 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2015.2394476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging has been successfully used in the study of pharmacokinetic analysis, while dynamic fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) is an attractive imaging technique for three-dimensionally resolving the metabolic process of fluorescent biomarkers in small animals in vivo. Parametric images obtained by combining dynamic FMT with compartmental modeling can provide quantitative physiological information for biological studies and drug development. However, images obtained with conventional indirect methods suffer from poor image quality because of failure in utilizing the temporal correlations of boundary measurements. Besides, FMT suffers from low spatial resolution due to its ill-posed nature, which further reduces the image quality. In this paper, we propose a novel method to directly reconstruct parametric images from boundary measurements based on maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation with structural priors in a Bayesian framework. The proposed method can utilize structural priors obtained from an X-ray computed tomography system to mitigate the ill-posedness of dynamic FMT inverse problem, and use direct reconstruction strategy to make full use of temporal correlations of boundary measurements. The results of numerical simulations and in vivo mouse experiments demonstrate that the proposed method leads to significant improvements in the reconstruction quality of parametric images as compared with the conventional indirect method and a previously developed direct method.
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37
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Rosenthal EL, Warram JM, Bland KI, Zinn KR. The status of contemporary image-guided modalities in oncologic surgery. Ann Surg 2015; 261:46-55. [PMID: 25599326 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the current trends in optical imaging to guide oncologic surgery. BACKGROUND Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of therapy for patients with early stage solid malignancies and more than half of all patients with cancer undergo surgery each year. The technical ability of the surgeon to obtain clear surgical margins at the initial resection remains crucial to improve overall survival and long-term morbidity. Current resection techniques are largely based on subjective and subtle changes associated with tissue distortion by invasive cancer. As a result, positive surgical margins occur in a significant portion of tumor resections, which is directly correlated with a poor outcome. METHODS A comprehensive review of studies evaluating optical imaging techniques is performed. RESULTS A variety of cancer imaging techniques have been adapted or developed for intraoperative surgical guidance that have been shown to improve functional and oncologic outcomes in randomized clinical trials. There are also a large number of novel, cancer-specific contrast agents that are in early stage clinical trials and preclinical development that demonstrate significant promise to improve real-time detection of subclinical cancer in the operative setting. CONCLUSIONS There has been an explosion of intraoperative imaging techniques that will become more widespread in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eben L Rosenthal
- *Departments of Surgery and †Radiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Abstract
Optical imaging assays, especially fluorescence molecular assays, are minimally invasive if not completely noninvasive, and thus an ideal technique to be applied to live specimens. These fluorescence imaging assays are a powerful tool in biomedical sciences as they allow the study of a wide range of molecular and physiological events occurring in biological systems. Furthermore, optical imaging assays bridge the gap between the in vitro cell-based analysis of subcellular processes and in vivo study of disease mechanisms in small animal models. In particular, the application of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), well-known techniques widely used in microscopy, to the optical imaging assay toolbox, will have a significant impact in the molecular study of protein-protein interactions during cancer progression. This review article describes the application of FLIM-FRET to the field of optical imaging and addresses their various applications, both current and potential, to anti-cancer drug delivery and cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Rajoria
- Albany Medical College, The Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany, NY, 12208
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biomedical imaging Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Xavier Intes
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biomedical imaging Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Margarida Barroso
- Albany Medical College, The Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany, NY, 12208
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Wang S, Li K, Chen Y, Chen H, Ma M, Feng J, Zhao Q, Shi J. Biocompatible PEGylated MoS2 nanosheets: Controllable bottom-up synthesis and highly efficient photothermal regression of tumor. Biomaterials 2015; 39:206-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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Dental Imaging Using Mesoscopic Fluorescence Molecular Tomography: An ex Vivo Feasibility Study. PHOTONICS 2014. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics1040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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41
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Carbone NA, Baez GR, García HA, Waks Serra MV, Di Rocco HO, Iriarte DI, Pomarico JA, Grosenick D, Macdonald R. Diffuse reflectance optical topography: location of inclusions in 3D and detectability limits. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:1336-1354. [PMID: 24876999 PMCID: PMC4026887 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present contribution we investigate the images of CW diffusely reflected light for a point-like source, registered by a CCD camera imaging a turbid medium containing an absorbing lesion. We show that detection of μa variations (absorption anomalies) is achieved if images are normalized to background intensity. A theoretical analysis based on the diffusion approximation is presented to investigate the sensitivity and the limitations of our proposal and a novel procedure to find the location of the inclusions in 3D is given and tested. An analysis of the noise and its influence on the detection capabilities of our proposal is provided. Experimental results on phantoms are also given, supporting the proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Carbone
- IFAS, CIFICEN (CONICET - UNCPBA) - Pinto 399- B7000GHG Tandil
Argentina
| | - G. R. Baez
- IFAS, CIFICEN (CONICET - UNCPBA) - Pinto 399- B7000GHG Tandil
Argentina
| | - H. A. García
- IFAS, CIFICEN (CONICET - UNCPBA) - Pinto 399- B7000GHG Tandil
Argentina
| | - M. V. Waks Serra
- IFAS, CIFICEN (CONICET - UNCPBA) - Pinto 399- B7000GHG Tandil
Argentina
| | - H. O. Di Rocco
- IFAS, CIFICEN (CONICET - UNCPBA) - Pinto 399- B7000GHG Tandil
Argentina
| | - D. I. Iriarte
- IFAS, CIFICEN (CONICET - UNCPBA) - Pinto 399- B7000GHG Tandil
Argentina
| | - J. A. Pomarico
- IFAS, CIFICEN (CONICET - UNCPBA) - Pinto 399- B7000GHG Tandil
Argentina
| | - D. Grosenick
- PHYSIKALISCH-TECHNISCHE BUNDESANSTALT (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin -
Germany
| | - R. Macdonald
- PHYSIKALISCH-TECHNISCHE BUNDESANSTALT (PTB), Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin -
Germany
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Abstract
Diffuse optical imaging is highly versatile and has a very broad range of applications in biology and medicine. It covers diffuse optical tomography, fluorescence diffuse optical tomography, bioluminescence, and a number of other new imaging methods. These methods of diffuse optical imaging have diversified instrument configurations but share the same core physical principle – light propagation in highly diffusive media, i.e., the biological tissue. In this review, the author summarizes the latest development in instrumentation and methodology available to diffuse optical imaging in terms of system architecture, light source, photo-detection, spectral separation, signal modulation, and lastly imaging contrast.
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Srikar R, Upendran A, Kannan R. Polymeric nanoparticles for molecular imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 6:245-67. [PMID: 24616442 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Conventional imaging technologies (X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and optical) depend on contrast agents to visualize a target site or organ of interest. The imaging agents currently used in clinics for diagnosis suffer from disadvantages including poor target specificity and in vivo instability. Consequently, delivery of low concentrations of contrast agents to region of interest affects image quality. Therefore, it is important to selectively deliver high payload of contrast agent to obtain clinically useful images. Nanoparticles offer multifunctional capabilities to transport high concentrations of imaging probes selectively to diseased site inside the body. Polymeric nanoparticles, incorporated with contrast agents, have shown significant benefits in molecular imaging applications. These materials possess the ability to encapsulate different contrast agents within a single matrix enabling multimodal imaging possibilities. The materials can be surface conjugated to target-specific biomolecules for controlling the navigation under in vivo conditions. The versatility of this class of nanomaterials makes them an attractive platform for developing highly sensitive molecular imaging agents. The research community's progress in the area of synthesis of polymeric nanomaterials and their in vivo imaging applications has been noteworthy, but it is still in the pioneer stage of development. The challenges ahead should focus on the design and fabrication of these materials including burst release of contrasts agents, solubility, and stability issues of polymeric nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Srikar
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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44
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Milej D, Gerega A, Wabnitz H, Liebert A. A Monte Carlo study of fluorescence generation probability in a two-layered tissue model. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:1407-24. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/6/1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Verbeek FPR, van der Vorst JR, Tummers QRJG, Boonstra MC, de Rooij KE, Löwik CWGM, Valentijn ARPM, van de Velde CJH, Choi HS, Frangioni JV, Vahrmeijer AL. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging of both colorectal cancer and ureters using a low-dose integrin targeted probe. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21 Suppl 4:S528-37. [PMID: 24515567 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-014-3524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irradical tumor resections and iatrogenic ureteral injury remain a significant problem during lower abdominal surgery. The aim of the current study was to intraoperatively identify both colorectal tumors and ureters in subcutaneous and orthotopic animal models using cRGD-ZW800-1 and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence. METHODS The zwitterionic fluorophore ZW800-1 was conjugated to the tumor specific peptide cRGD (targeting integrins) and to the a-specific peptide cRAD. One nmol cRGD-ZW800-1, cRAD-ZW800-1, or ZW800-1 alone was injected in mice bearing subcutaneous HT-29 human colorectal tumors. Subsequently, cRGD-ZW800-1 was injected at dosages of 0.25 and 1 nmol in mice bearing orthotopic HT-29 tumors transfected with luciferase2. In vivo biodistribution and ureteral visualization were investigated in rats. Fluorescence was measured intraoperatively at several time points after probe administration using the FLARE imaging system. RESULTS Both subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors could be clearly identified using cRGD-ZW800-1. A significantly higher signal-to-background ratio was observed in mice injected with cRGD-ZW800-1 (2.42 ± 0.77) compared with mice injected with cRAD-ZW800-1 or ZW800-1 alone (1.21 ± 0.19 and 1.34 ± 0.19, respectively) when measured at 24 h after probe administration. The clearance of cRGD-ZW800-1 permitted visualization of the ureters and also generated minimal background fluorescence in the gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSIONS This study appears to be the first to demonstrate both clear tumor demarcation and ureteral visualization after a single intravenous injection of a targeted NIR fluorophore. As a low dose of cRGD-ZW800-1 provided clear tumor identification, clinical translation of these results should be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris P R Verbeek
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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46
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Mesoscopic fluorescence tomography of a photosensitizer (HPPH) 3D biodistribution in skin cancer. Acad Radiol 2014; 21:271-80. [PMID: 24439340 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising strategy for treating cancer. PDT involves three components: a photosensitizer (PS) drug, a specific wavelength of drug-activating light, and oxygen. A challenge in PDT is the unknown biodistribution of the PS in the target tissue. In this preliminary study, we report the development of a new approach to image in three dimensions the PS biodistribution in a noninvasive and fast manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mesoscopic fluorescence tomography imaging platform was used to image noninvasively the biodistribution of 2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2 devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH) in preclinical skin cancer models. Seven tumors were imaged and optical reconstructions were compared to nonconcurrent ultrasound data. RESULTS Successful imaging of the HPPH biodistribution was achieved on seven skin cancer tumors in preclinical models with a typical acquisition time of 1 minute. Two-dimensional fluorescence signals and estimated three-dimensional PS distributions were located within the lesions. However, HPPH distribution was highly heterogeneous with the tumors. Moreover, HPPH distribution volume and tumor volume as estimated by ultrasound did not match. CONCLUSIONS The results of this proof-of-concept study demonstrate the potential of MFMT to image rapidly the HPPH three-dimensional biodistribution in skin cancers. In addition, these preliminary data indicate that the PS biodistribution in skin cancer tumors is heterogeneous and does not match anatomical data. Mesoscopic fluorescence molecular tomography, by imaging fluorescence signals over large areas with high spatial sampling and at fast acquisition speeds, may be a new imaging modality of choice for planning and optimizing of PDT treatment.
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Hannah A, Luke G, Wilson K, Homan KA, Emelianov S. Indocyanine green-loaded photoacoustic nanodroplets: dual contrast nanoconstructs for enhanced photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging. ACS NANO 2014; 8:250-9. [PMID: 24303934 PMCID: PMC3916902 DOI: 10.1021/nn403527r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Recently, perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanodroplets were introduced as contrast agents for imaging and image-guided therapy. For example, in sonography, high-intensity ultrasound pulses were used to phase-transition liquid perfluorocarbon to produce gas microbubbles. More recently, perfluorocarbon nanodroplets with encapsulated gold nanorods were used as dual ultrasound/photoacoustic contrast agents. To expedite clinical translation, we synthesized and characterized ICG-loaded perfluorocarbon nanodroplets, i.e., constructs comprising biocompatible, nontoxic and biologically safe materials. We then demonstrated enhanced photoacoustic contrast through optically triggered phase transition of PFC nanodroplets and ultrasound contrast from the resulting PFC bubbles. We assessed the quality enhancement of photoacoustic and ultrasound images through analysis of contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio. We further investigated the changes in image contrast due to increased ambient temperature. Our studies suggest that ICG-loaded perfluorocarbon nanodroplets may become a valuable tool for various imaging modalities, and have promising therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Stanislav Emelianov
- Corresponding Author, , Mailing Address: 107 W Dean Keeton Stop C0800, Austin, TX 78712
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Wayua C, Low PS. Evaluation of a cholecystokinin 2 receptor-targeted near-infrared dye for fluorescence-guided surgery of cancer. Mol Pharm 2013; 11:468-76. [PMID: 24325469 DOI: 10.1021/mp400429h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Surgical resection of malignant disease remains one of the most effective tools for treating cancer. Tumor-targeted near-infrared dyes have the potential to improve contrast between normal and malignant tissues, thereby enabling surgeons to more quantitatively resect malignant disease. Because the cholecystokinin 2 receptor (CCK2R and its tumor-specific splice variant CCK2i4svR) is overexpressed in cancers of the lungs, colon, thyroid, pancreas, and stomach, but absent or inaccessible to parenterally administered drugs in most normal tissues, we have undertaken to design a targeting ligand that can deliver attached near-infrared dyes to CCK2R+ tumors. We report here the synthesis and biological characterization of a CCK2R-targeted conjugate of the near-infrared dye, LS-288 (CRL-LS288). We demonstrate that CRL-LS288 binds selectively to CCK2R+ cancer cells with low nanomolar affinity (Kd = 7 × 10(-9) M). We further show that CRL-LS288 localizes primarily to CCK2R-expressing HEK 293 murine tumor xenografts and that dye uptake in these xenografts is significantly reduced when CCK2R are blocked by preinjection of excess ligand (CRL) or when mice are implanted with CCK2R-negative tumors. Because CRL-LS288 is also found to reveal the locations of distant tumor metastases, we suggest that CRL-LS288 has the potential to facilitate intraoperative identification of malignant disease during a variety of cancer debulking surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity Wayua
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Xu C, Kumavor PD, Alqasemi U, Li H, Xu Y, Zanganeh S, Zhu Q. Indocyanine green enhanced co-registered diffuse optical tomography and photoacoustic tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:126006. [PMID: 24343437 PMCID: PMC3865897 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.12.126006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the intensive light scattering in biological tissue, diffuse optical tomography (DOT) in the near-infrared range for breast lesion detection is usually combined with other imaging modalities, such as ultrasound, x-ray, and magnetic resonance imaging, to provide guidance. However, these guiding imaging modalities may depend on different contrast mechanisms compared to the optical contrast in the DOT. As a result, they cannot provide reliable guidance for DOT because some lesions may not be detectable by a nonoptical modality but may have a high optical contrast. An imaging modality that relies on optical contrast to provide guidance is desirable for DOT. We present a system that combines a frequency-domain DOT and real-time photoacoustic tomography (PAT) systems to detect and characterize deeply seated targets embedded in a turbid medium. To further improve the contrast, the exogenous contrast agent, indocyanine green (ICG), is used. Our experimental results show that the combined system can detect a tumor-mimicking phantom, which is immersed in intralipid solution with the concentrations ranging from 100 to 10 μM and with the dimensions of 0.8 cm × 0.8 cm × 0.6 cm, up to 2.5 cm in depth. Mice experiments also confirmed that the combined system can detect tumors and monitor the ICG uptake and washout in the tumor region. This method can potentially improve the accuracy to detect small breast lesions as well as lesions that are sensitive to background tissue changes, such as the lesions located just above the chest wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157
- Address all correspondence to: Chen Xu, University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157. Tel: 860-486-2248; Fax: 860-486-2447; E-mail:
| | - Patrick D. Kumavor
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157
| | - Umar Alqasemi
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157
| | - Hai Li
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157
| | - Yan Xu
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157
| | - Saeid Zanganeh
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157
| | - Quing Zhu
- University of Connecticut, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, 371 Fairfield Road, Unit 4157, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-4157
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Busch DR, Choe R, Durduran T, Yodh AG. Towards non-invasive characterization of breast cancer and cancer metabolism with diffuse optics. PET Clin 2013; 8. [PMID: 24244206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We review recent developments in diffuse optical imaging and monitoring of breast cancer, i.e. optical mammography. Optical mammography permits non-invasive, safe and frequent measurement of tissue hemodynamics oxygen metabolism and components (lipids, water, etc.), the development of new compound indices indicative of the risk and malignancy, and holds potential for frequent non-invasive longitudinal monitoring of therapy progression.
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