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McConnell K, Fellows Z, Kraus J, Acosta M, Panoff J, Pons E, Gutierrez A, Wroe A. Evaluation of a non-metallic dual-port expander for intensity modulated proton therapy. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2024:e14512. [PMID: 39312465 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.14512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide a methodology for characterization of the technical properties of a newly developed non-metallic tissue expander for intensity modulated proton therapy. METHODS Three tissue expanders (AlloX2-Pro: plastic-dual port, AlloX2: metal-dual port, and Dermaspan: metal-single port) were deconstructed, CT-scanned, and modeled in RayStation12A. A 165 MeV single spot was used to create RayStation dose planes, and the integrated depth dose profiles were calculated and the DR90 extracted to predict water equivalent thickness (WET). These predictions were compared to measurements taken with an IBA Giraffe MLIC. Native, water, and fully modelled overrides were compared for the AlloX2 Pro to quantify differences in override choices. Geometric considerations between expanders were compared using a ray-tracing technique to contour the "no-fly" zone around metallic components using a clinical, three beam arrangement. Lastly, a planning and evaluation framework was provided using a single plan as an illustration. RESULTS The measured AlloX2-Pro WET values were within 0.22 cm of RayStation predictions while metallic values ranged from 0.08 to 0.46 cm. Using natively scanned density values for the AlloX2 Pro improved the discrepancy in WET between predicted and measured from -0.22 to -0.09 cm (drain) and from -0.17 to -0.12 cm (injection). The "no-fly" zone volume of all three beams reduced 95% between the AlloX2-Pro and Dermaspan, which geometrically allowed more uniform coverage behind the port and reduced need for beam modulation. CONCLUSION The beam perturbation of the AlloX2-Pro is well modeled, but improved agreement with measured WET values was observed when utilizing native densities in calculations. The AlloX2 Pro can support beam arrangements that traverse the ports, which can enable simpler beam geometry and a reduction in dose modulation around the port to promote improved robustness and treatment delivery quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen McConnell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Zachary Fellows
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - James Kraus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mauricio Acosta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph Panoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Eduardo Pons
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alonso Gutierrez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew Wroe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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Shaikh S, Escribano-Rodriguez S, Radogna R, Kelleter L, Godden C, Warren M, Attree D, Saakyan R, Mortimer L, Corlett P, Warry A, Gosling A, Baker C, Poynter A, Kacperek A, Jolly S. Spread-out Bragg peak measurements using a compact quality assurance range calorimeter at the Clatterbridge cancer centre. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:115015. [PMID: 38657625 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad42fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective.The superior dose conformity provided by proton therapy relative to conventional x-ray radiotherapy necessitates more rigorous quality assurance (QA) procedures to ensure optimal patient safety. Practically however, time-constraints prevent comprehensive measurements to be made of the proton range in water: a key parameter in ensuring accurate treatment delivery.Approach.A novel scintillator-based device for fast, accurate water-equivalent proton range QA measurements for ocular proton therapy is presented. Experiments were conducted using a compact detector prototype, the quality assurance range calorimeter (QuARC), at the Clatterbridge cancer centre (CCC) in Wirral, UK for the measurement of pristine and spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBPs). The QuARC uses a series of 14 optically-isolated 100 × 100 × 2.85 mm polystyrene scintillator sheets, read out by a series of photodiodes. The detector system is housed in a custom 3D-printed enclosure mounted directly to the nozzle and a numerical model was used to fit measured depth-light curves and correct for scintillator light quenching.Main results.Measurements of the pristine 60 MeV proton Bragg curve found the QuARC able to measure proton ranges accurate to 0.2 mm and reduced QA measurement times from several minutes down to a few seconds. A new framework of the quenching model was deployed to successfully fit depth-light curves of SOBPs with similar range accuracy.Significance.The speed, range accuracy and simplicity of the QuARC make the device a promising candidate for ocular proton range QA. Further work to investigate the performance of SOBP fitting at higher energies/greater depths is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Shaikh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Laurent Kelleter
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Connor Godden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Warren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Attree
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruben Saakyan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Mortimer
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Corlett
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Warry
- Proton Beam Therapy Physics, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Gosling
- Proton Beam Therapy Physics, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Baker
- Proton Beam Therapy Physics, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Poynter
- Proton Beam Therapy Physics, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrzej Kacperek
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Jolly
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Vilches-Freixas G, Bosmans G, Douralis A, Martens J, Meijers A, Rinaldi I, Salvo K, Thomas R, Palmans H, Lourenço A. Experimental comparison of cylindrical and plane parallel ionization chambers for reference dosimetry in continuous and pulsed scanned proton beams. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:105021. [PMID: 38640918 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad40f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Objective. In this experimental work we compared the determination of absorbed dose to water using four ionization chambers (ICs), a PTW-34045 Advanced Markus, a PTW-34001 Roos, an IBA-PPC05 and a PTW-30012 Farmer, irradiated under the same conditions in one continuous- and in two pulsed-scanned proton beams.Approach. The ICs were positioned at 2 cm depth in a water phantom in four square-field single-energy scanned-proton beams with nominal energies between 80 and 220 MeV and in the middle of 10 × 10 × 10 cm3dose cubes centered at 10 cm or 12.5 cm depth in water. The water-equivalent thickness (WET) of the entrance window and the effective point of measurement was considered when positioning the plane parallel (PP) ICs and the cylindrical ICs, respectively. To reduce uncertainties, all ICs were calibrated at the same primary standards laboratory. We used the beam quality (kQ) correction factors for the ICs under investigation from IAEA TRS-398, the newly calculated Monte Carlo (MC) values and the anticipated IAEA TRS-398 updated recommendations.Main results. Dose differences among the four ICs ranged between 1.5% and 3.7% using both the TRS-398 and the newly recommendedkQvalues. The spread among the chambers is reduced with the newlykQvalues. The largest differences were observed between the rest of the ICs and the IBA-PPC05 IC, obtaining lower dose with the IBA-PPC05.Significance. We provide experimental data comparing different types of chambers in different proton beam qualities. The observed dose differences between the ICs appear to be related to inconsistencies in the determination of thekQvalues. For PP ICs, MC studies account for the physical thickness of the entrance window rather than the WET. The additional energy loss that the wall material invokes is not negligible for the IBA-PPC05 and might partially explain the lowkQvalues determined for this IC. To resolve this inconsistency and to benchmark MC values,kQvalues measured using calorimetry are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Vilches-Freixas
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Bosmans
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jonathan Martens
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arturs Meijers
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland (current address), University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ilaria Rinaldi
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Maastro), GROW Research Institute for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Salvo
- UZ Leuven, Particle Therapy Interuniversity Center Leuven - PARTICLE, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Russell Thomas
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo Palmans
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
- MedAustron Ion Therapy Center, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Ana Lourenço
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, United Kingdom
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Schneider M, Schilz JD, Schürer M, Gantz S, Dreyer A, Rothe G, Tillner F, Bodenstein E, Horst F, Beyreuther E. SAPPHIRE -establishment of small animal proton and photon image-guided radiation experiments. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:095020. [PMID: 38537301 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad3887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Thein vivoevolution of radiotherapy necessitates innovative platforms for preclinical investigation, bridging the gap between bench research and clinical applications. Understanding the nuances of radiation response, specifically tailored to proton and photon therapies, is critical for optimizing treatment outcomes. Within this context, preclinicalin vivoexperimental setups incorporating image guidance for both photon and proton therapies are pivotal, enabling the translation of findings from small animal models to clinical settings. TheSAPPHIREproject represents a milestone in this pursuit, presenting the installation of the small animal radiation therapy integrated beamline (SmART+ IB, Precision X-Ray Inc., Madison, Connecticut, USA) designed for preclinical image-guided proton and photon therapy experiments at University Proton Therapy Dresden. Through Monte Carlo simulations, low-dose on-site cone beam computed tomography imaging and quality assurance alignment protocols, the project ensures the safe and precise application of radiation, crucial for replicating clinical scenarios in small animal models. The creation of Hounsfield lookup tables and comprehensive proton and photon beam characterizations within this system enable accurate dose calculations, allowing for targeted and controlled comparison experiments. By integrating these capabilities,SAPPHIREbridges preclinical investigations and potential clinical applications, offering a platform for translational radiobiology research and cancer therapy advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Schneider
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joshua D Schilz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Schürer
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Fakultät and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Gantz
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Dreyer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gert Rothe
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Falk Tillner
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Bodenstein
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Horst
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology-OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, Germany
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5
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Wulff J, Paul A, Bäcker CM, Baumann KS, Esser JN, Koska B, Timmermann B, Verbeek NG, Bäumer C. Consistency of Faraday cup and ionization chamber dosimetry of proton fields and the role of nuclear interactions. Med Phys 2024; 51:2277-2292. [PMID: 37991110 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A Faraday cup (FC) facilitates a quite clean measurement of the proton fluence emerging from clinical spot-scanning nozzles with narrow pencil-beams. The utilization of FCs appears to be an attractive option for high dose rate delivery modes and the source models of Monte-Carlo (MC) dose engines. However, previous studies revealed discrepancies of 3%-6% between reference dosimetry with ionization chambers (ICs) and FC-based dosimetry. This has prevented the widespread use of FCs for dosimetry in proton therapy. PURPOSE The current study aims at bridging the gap between FC dosimetry and IC dosimetry of proton fields delivered with spot-scanning treatment heads. Particularly, a novel method to evaluate FC measurements is introduced. METHODS A consistency check is formulated, which makes use of the energy balance and the reciprocity theorem. The measurement data comprise central-axis depth distributions of the absorbed dose of quasi-monochromatic fields with a width of about 28.5 cm and FC measurements of the reciprocal fields with a single spot. These data are complemented by a look-up of energy-range tables, the average Q-value of transmutations, and the escape energy carried away by neutrons and photons. The latter data are computed by MC simulations, which in turn are validated with measurements of the distal dose tail and neutron out-of-field doses. For comparison, the conventional approach of FC evaluation is performed, which computes absorbed dose from the product of fluence and stopping power. The results from the FC measurements are compared with the standard dosimetry protocols and improved reference dosimetry methods. RESULTS The deviation between the conventional FC-based dosimetry and the IC-based one according to standard dosimetry protocols was -4.7 ( ± $\pm$ 3.3)% for a 100 MeV field and -3.6 ( ± $\pm$ 3.5)% for 200 MeV, thereby agreeing within the reported uncertainties. The deviations could be reduced to -4.0 ( ± $\pm$ 2.9)% and -3.0 ( ± $\pm$ 3.1)% by adopting state-of-the-art reference dosimetry methods. The alternative approach using the energy balance gave deviations of only -1.9% (100 MeV) and -2.6% (200 MeV) using state-of-the-art dosimetry. The standard uncertainty of this novel approach was estimated to be about 2%. CONCLUSIONS An alternative concept has been established to determine the absorbed dose of monoenergetic proton fields with an FC. It eliminates the strong dependence of the conventional FC-based approach on the MC simulation of the stopping-power and of the secondary ions, which according to the study at hand is the major contributor to the underestimation of the absorbed dose. Some contributions to the uncertainty of the novel approach could potentially be reduced in future studies. This would allow for accurate consistency tests of conventional dosimetry procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Wulff
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Essen, Germany
| | - Anne Paul
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Essen, Germany
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claus Maximilian Bäcker
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Essen, Germany
| | - Kilian-Simon Baumann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Marburg University Hospital, Marburg, Germany
- Marburg Ion-Beam Therapy Center (MIT), Marburg, Germany
- University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, Giessen, Germany
| | - Johannes Niklas Esser
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Essen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Koska
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Essen, Germany
| | - Beate Timmermann
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Essen, Germany
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
- Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nico Gerd Verbeek
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Bäumer
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany
- University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Essen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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Janson M, Glimelius L, Fredriksson A, Traneus E, Engwall E. Treatment planning of scanned proton beams in RayStation. Med Dosim 2023; 49:2-12. [PMID: 37996354 DOI: 10.1016/j.meddos.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of scanned proton beams in external beam radiation therapy has seen a rapid development over the past decade. This technique places new demands on treatment planning, as compared to conventional photon-based radiation therapy. In this article, several proton specific functions as implemented in the treatment planning system RayStation are presented. We will cover algorithms for energy layer and spot selection, basic optimization including the handling of spot weight limits, optimization of the linear energy transfer (LET) distribution, robust optimization including the special case of 4D optimization, proton arc planning, and automatic planning using deep learning. We will further present the Monte Carlo (MC) proton dose engine in RayStation to some detail, from the material interpretation of the CT data, through the beam model parameterization, to the actual MC transport mechanism. Useful tools for plan evaluation, including robustness evaluation, and the versatile scripting interface are also described. The overall aim of the paper is to give an overview of some of the key proton planning functions in RayStation, with example usages, and at the same time provide the details about the underlying algorithms that previously have not been fully publicly available.
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7
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Rana S, Eckert C, Tesfamicael B. Feasibility study of utilizing Sphinx Compact for quality assurance in uniform scanning proton therapy. Phys Med 2023; 113:102468. [PMID: 36336530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of utilizing the Sphinx Compact detector for quality assurance in a uniform scanning proton therapy system. METHOD The Sphinx Compact detector was used to measure various dosimetric parameters of uniform scanning proton beam at the Oklahoma Proton Center: distal range, distal-fall-off, collinearity, field symmetry, flatness, and field size for four different beams. A specially designed brass aperture was used to perform the required measurements. The Sphinx Compact measurement results were validated against the measurement results from the well-established detectors in proton therapy: IBA Zebra, IBA MatriXX-PT, EBT3 films, and Logos XRV-124. The data collected using the Sphinx Compact was analyzed in myQA software. RESULTS Based on the data analysis performed, the Sphinx Compact measurements were within acceptable accuracy to the results from the detectors mentioned in the Method section. Specifically, the lateral penumbra was within ±0.4 mm, collinearity was within ± 0.5 mm, flatness was within ±0.6 %, symmetry within ±1.6 %, distal range was within ±0.5 mm, distal-fall-off was <0.9 mm, and field size was within ±1 mm. The reproducibility of the Sphinx Compact was tested for range and collinearity, and the results were within ±0.1 mm. CONCLUSION The sphinx Compact detector could potentially replace multiple detectors utilized for monthly QA in uniform scanning proton therapy. In a multi-room center, performing the QA with one detector compared to using multiple detectors dramatically reduces total QA time and the complexity of the QA process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Rana
- Department of Medical Physics, The Oklahoma Proton Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Lynn Cancer Institute, Boca Raton Regional Hospital, Baptist Health South Florida, Boca Raton, FL, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Colton Eckert
- Department of Medical Physics, The Oklahoma Proton Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Biniam Tesfamicael
- Department of Medical Physics, The Oklahoma Proton Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Nabha R, De Saint-Hubert M, Marichal J, Esser J, Van Hoey O, Bäumer C, Verbeek N, Struelens L, Sterpin E, Tabury K, Marek L, Granja C, Timmermann B, Vanhavere F. Biophysical characterization of collimated and uncollimated fields in pencil beam scanning proton therapy. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68. [PMID: 36821866 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acbe8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective. The lateral dose fall-off in proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) technique remains the preferred choice for sparing adjacent organs at risk as opposed to the distal edge due to the proton range uncertainties and potentially high relative biological effectiveness. However, because of the substantial spot size along with the scattering in the air and in the patient, the lateral penumbra in PBS can be degraded. Combining PBS with an aperture can result in a sharper dose fall-off, particularly for shallow targets.Approach. The aim of this work was to characterize the radiation fields produced by collimated and uncollimated 100 and 140 MeV proton beams, using Monte Carlo simulations and measurements with a MiniPIX-Timepix detector. The dose and the linear energy transfer (LET) were then coupled with publishedin silicobiophysical models to elucidate the potential biological effects of collimated and uncollimated fields.Main results. Combining an aperture with PBS reduced the absorbed dose in the lateral fall-off and out-of-field by 60%. However, the results also showed that the absolute frequency-averaged LET (LETF) values increased by a maximum of 3.5 keVμm-1in collimated relative to uncollimated fields, while the dose-averaged LET (LETD) increased by a maximum of 7 keVμm-1. Despite the higher LET values produced by collimated fields, the predicted DNA damage yields remained lower, owing to the large dose reduction.Significance. This work demonstrated the dosimetric advantages of combining an aperture with PBS coupled with lower DNA damage induction. A methodology for calculating dose in water derived from measurements with a silicon-based detector was also presented. This work is the first to demonstrate experimentally the increase in LET caused by combining PBS with aperture, and to assess the potential DNA damage which is the initial step in the cascade of events leading to the majority of radiation-induced biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racell Nabha
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijke De Saint-Hubert
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Johannes Esser
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Olivier Van Hoey
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Christian Bäumer
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,TU Dortmund University, Department of Physics, Dortmund, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nico Verbeek
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lara Struelens
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Edmond Sterpin
- KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Leuven, Belgium.,UCLouvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, MIRO Lab, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kevin Tabury
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | | | | | - Beate Timmermann
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Filip Vanhavere
- Radiation Protection Dosimetry and Calibration Expert Group, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Nelson NP, Culberson WS, Hyer DE, Geoghegan TJ, Patwardhan KA, Smith BR, Flynn RT, Yu J, Gutiérrez AN, Hill PM. Dosimetric delivery validation of dynamically collimated pencil beam scanning proton therapy. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:055003. [PMID: 36706460 PMCID: PMC9940016 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acb6cd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy target dose conformity can be improved with energy layer-specific collimation. One such collimator is the dynamic collimation system (DCS), which consists of four nickel trimmer blades that intercept the scanning beam as it approaches the lateral extent of the target. While the dosimetric benefits of the DCS have been demonstrated through computational treatment planning studies, there has yet to be experimental verification of these benefits for composite multi-energy layer fields. The objective of this work is to dosimetrically characterize and experimentally validate the delivery of dynamically collimated proton therapy with the DCS equipped to a clinical PBS system.Approach. Optimized single field, uniform dose treatment plans for 3 × 3 × 3 cm3target volumes were generated using Monte Carlo dose calculations with depths ranging from 5 to 15 cm, trimmer-to-surface distances ranging from 5 to 18.15 cm, with and without a 4 cm thick polyethylene range shifter. Treatment plans were then delivered to a water phantom using a prototype DCS and an IBA dedicated nozzle system and measured with a Zebra multilayer ionization chamber, a MatriXX PT ionization chamber array, and Gafchromic™ EBT3 film.Main results. For measurements made within the SOBPs, average 2D gamma pass rates exceeded 98.5% for the MatriXX PT and 96.5% for film at the 2%/2 mm criterion across all measured uncollimated and collimated plans, respectively. For verification of the penumbra width reduction with collimation, film agreed with Monte Carlo with differences within 0.3 mm on average compared to 0.9 mm for the MatriXX PT.Significance. We have experimentally verified the delivery of DCS-collimated fields using a clinical PBS system and commonly available dosimeters and have also identified potential weaknesses for dosimeters subject to steep dose gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Nelson
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, United States of America,Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
| | - Wesley S Culberson
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, United States of America
| | - Daniel E Hyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States of America
| | - Theodore J Geoghegan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States of America
| | - Kaustubh A Patwardhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States of America
| | - Blake R Smith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States of America
| | - Ryan T Flynn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States of America
| | - Jen Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 N. Kendall Drive, Miami, FL, 33176, United States of America
| | - Alonso N Gutiérrez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 N. Kendall Drive, Miami, FL, 33176, United States of America
| | - Patrick M Hill
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, United States of America
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10
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Gungor Price GM, Sarigul N. The effect of voxelization in Monte Carlo simulation to validate Bragg peak characteristics for a pencil proton beam. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2023; 28:102-113. [PMID: 37122904 PMCID: PMC10132192 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.a2023.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this research was to show how the Bragg peak (BP) characteristics were affected by changing the voxel size in longitudinal and transverse directions in Monte Carlo (MC) simulations by using Geant4 and to calculate BP characteristics accurately by considering the voxel size effect for 68 MeV and 235.81 MeV. Materials and methods Different interpolation techniques were applied to simulation data to find the closest results to the experimental data. Results When the x-size of the voxel was increased 2 times at low energy, the maximum dose increase in the entrance and plateau regions were 17.8% and 17%, respectively, while BP curve shifted to the shallower region, resulting in a 0.5 mm reduction in the curable tumor width (W80pd). At high energy, the maximum dose increase at the entrance and plateau regions were 0.4% and 0.6%, respectively, while it was observed that W80pd did not change. When the y-z sizes of the voxel were increased 2 times at low energy, the maximum dose reduction at the entrance and plateau regions was 3.4%, but no change was observed in W80pd. At high energy, when the y-z sizes of the voxel were increased 2.2 times, the maximum dose reduction at the entrance and plateau regions were 8.9% and 9.1%, respectively, while W80pd increased by 0.5 mm. When linear, cubic spline, and Akima interpolations were applied to the simulation data, it was found that the results closest to the experimental data were obtained for Akima interpolations for both energies. Conclusion it has been shown that the voxel size effect for the longitudinal direction was more effective at low energy than at high energy. However, the voxel size effect for the transverse direction was more effective for high energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gumec M Gungor Price
- Arts-Sciences Faculty, Physics Department, Cukurova University, Saricam, Adana, Türkiye
| | - Neslihan Sarigul
- Institute of Nuclear Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara Türkiye
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11
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Nakaji T, Kanai T, Takashina M, Matsumura A, Osaki K, Yagi M, Tsubouchi T, Hamatani N, Ogawa K. Clinical dose assessment for scanned carbon-ion radiotherapy using linear energy transfer measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [PMID: 36327456 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aca003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Dosimetric commissioning of treatment planning systems (TPS) focuses on validating the agreement of the physical dose with experimental data. For carbon-ion radiotherapy, the commissioning of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is necessary to predict the clinical outcome based on the radiation quality of the mixed radiation field. In this study, we proposed a approach for RBE commissioning using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, which was further strengthen by RBE validation based on linear energy transfer (LET) measurements.Approach. First, we tuned the MC simulation based on the results of dosimetric experiments including the beam ranges, beam sizes, and MU calibrations. Furthermore, we compared simulated results to measured depth- and radial-LET distributions of the 430 MeV u-1carbon-ion spot beam with a 1.5 mm2, 36μm thick silicon detector. The measured dose-averaged LET (LETd) and RBE were compared with the simulated results. The RBE was calculated based on the mixed beam model with linear-quadratic parameters depending on the LET. Finally, TPS-calculated clinical dose profiles were validated through the tuned MC-based calculations.Main results. A 10 keVμm-1and 0.15 agreement for LETdand RBE, respectively, were found between simulation and measurement results obtained for a 2σlateral size of 430 MeV u-1carbon-ion spot beam in water. These results suggested that the tuned MC simulation can be used with acceptable precision for the RBE and LET calculations of carbon-ion spot beam within the clinical energy range. For physical and clinical doses, the TPS- and MC-based calculations showed good agreements within 1.0% at the centre of the spread-out Bragg peaks.Significance. The tuned MC simulation can accurately reproduce the actual carbon-ion beams, and it can be used to validate the physical and clinical dose distributions calculated by TPS. Moreover, the MC simulation can be used for dosimetric commissioning, including clinical doses, without LET measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Nakaji
- QST Hospital, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Kanai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Division of Medical Physics, Osaka Heavy Ion Therapy Center, 3-1-10 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 540-0008, Japan
| | - Masaaki Takashina
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Division of Medical Physics, Osaka Heavy Ion Therapy Center, 3-1-10 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 540-0008, Japan
| | - Akihiko Matsumura
- Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kohei Osaki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-Machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masashi Yagi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Division of Medical Physics, Osaka Heavy Ion Therapy Center, 3-1-10 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 540-0008, Japan
| | - Toshiro Tsubouchi
- Division of Medical Physics, Osaka Heavy Ion Therapy Center, 3-1-10 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 540-0008, Japan
| | - Noriaki Hamatani
- Division of Medical Physics, Osaka Heavy Ion Therapy Center, 3-1-10 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka 540-0008, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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12
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Zhou S, Rao W, Chen Q, Tan Y, Smith W, Sun B, Zhou J, Chang CW, Lin L, Darafsheh A, Zhao T, Zhang T. A multi-layer strip ionization chamber (MLSIC) device for proton pencil beam scan quality assurance. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67:10.1088/1361-6560/ac8593. [PMID: 35905730 PMCID: PMC11000494 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac8593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) treatment fields needs to be verified before treatment deliveries to ensure patient safety. In current practice, treatment beam quality assurance (QA) is measured at a few selected depths using film or a 2D detector array, which is insensitive and time-consuming. A QA device that can measure all key dosimetric characteristics of treatment beams spot-by-spot within a single beam delivery is highly desired.Approach. We developed a multi-layer strip ionization chamber (MLSIC) prototype device that comprises of two layers of strip ionization chambers (IC) plates for spot position measurement and 64 layers of plate IC for beam energy measurement. The 768-channel strip ion chamber signals are integrated and sampled at a speed of 3.125 kHz. It has a 25.6 cm × 25.6 cm maximum measurement field size and 2 mm spatial resolution for spot position measurement. The depth resolution and maximum depth were 2.91 mm and 18.6 cm for 1.6 mm thick IC plate, respectively. The relative weight of each spot was determined from total charge by all IC detector channels.Main results. The MLSIC is able to measure ionization currents spot-by-spot. The depth dose measurement has a good agreement with the ground truth measured using a water tank and commercial one-dimensional (1D) multi-layer plate chamber. It can verify the spot position, energy, and relative weight of clinical PBS beams and compared with the treatment plans.Significance. The MLSIC is a highly efficient QA device that can measure the key dosimetric characteristics of proton treatment beams spot-by-spot with a single beam delivery. It may improve the quality and efficiency of clinical proton treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, United States of America
| | - Wei Rao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, United States of America
| | - Qinghao Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, United States of America
| | - Yuewen Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, United States of America
| | - Winter Smith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, United States of America
| | - Baozhou Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, United States of America
| | - Jun Zhou
- Emory Proton Therapy Center, Atlanta, GA 30308, United States of America
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Emory Proton Therapy Center, Atlanta, GA 30308, United States of America
| | - Liyong Lin
- Emory Proton Therapy Center, Atlanta, GA 30308, United States of America
| | - Arash Darafsheh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, United States of America
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, United States of America
| | - Tiezhi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Physics Division, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, United States of America
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13
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Behrends C, Bäcker CM, Schilling I, Zwiehoff S, Weingarten J, Kröninger K, Rehbock C, Barcikowski S, Wulff J, Bäumer C, Timmermann B. The radiosensitizing effect of platinum nanoparticles in proton irradiations is not caused by an enhanced proton energy deposition at the macroscopic scale. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac80e6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. Due to the radiosensitizing effect of biocompatible noble metal nanoparticles (NPs), their administration is considered to potentially increase tumor control in radiotherapy. The underlying physical, chemical and biological mechanisms of the NPs’ radiosensitivity especially when interacting with proton radiation is not conclusive. In the following work, the energy deposition of protons in matter containing platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) is experimentally investigated. Approach. Surfactant-free monomodal PtNPs with a mean diameter of (40 ± 10) nm and a concentration of 300 μg ml−1, demonstrably leading to a substantial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), were homogeneously dispersed into cubic gelatin samples serving as tissue-like phantoms. Gelatin samples without PtNPs were used as control. The samples’ dimensions and contrast of the PtNPs were verified in a clinical computed tomography scanner. Fields from a clinical proton machine were used for depth dose and stopping power measurements downstream of both samples types. These experiments were performed with a variety of detectors at a pencil beam scanning beam line as well as a passive beam line with proton energies from about 56–200 MeV. Main results. The samples’ water equivalent ratios in terms of proton stopping as well as the mean proton energy deposition downstream of the samples with ROS-producing PtNPs compared to the samples without PtNPs showed no differences within the experimental uncertainties of about 2%. Significance. This study serves as experimental proof that the radiosensitizing effect of biocompatible PtNPs is not due to a macroscopically increased proton energy deposition, but is more likely caused by a catalytic effect of the PtNPs. Thus, these experiments provide a contribution to the highly discussed radiobiological question of the proton therapy efficiency with noble metal NPs and facilitate initial evidence that the dose calculation in treatment planning is straightforward and not affected by the presence of sensitizing PtNPs.
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14
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De Saint-Hubert M, Verbeek N, Bäumer C, Esser J, Wulff J, Nabha R, Van Hoey O, Dabin J, Stuckmann F, Vasi F, Radonic S, Boissonnat G, Schneider U, Rodriguez M, Timmermann B, Thierry-Chef I, Brualla L. Validation of a Monte Carlo Framework for Out-of-Field Dose Calculations in Proton Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:882489. [PMID: 35756661 PMCID: PMC9213663 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.882489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proton therapy enables to deliver highly conformed dose distributions owing to the characteristic Bragg peak and the finite range of protons. However, during proton therapy, secondary neutrons are created, which can travel long distances and deposit dose in out-of-field volumes. This out-of-field absorbed dose needs to be considered for radiation-induced secondary cancers, which are particularly relevant in the case of pediatric treatments. Unfortunately, no method exists in clinics for the computation of the out-of-field dose distributions in proton therapy. To help overcome this limitation, a computational tool has been developed based on the Monte Carlo code TOPAS. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the accuracy of this tool in comparison to experimental data obtained from an anthropomorphic phantom irradiation. An anthropomorphic phantom of a 5-year-old child (ATOM, CIRS) was irradiated for a brain tumor treatment in an IBA Proteus Plus facility using a pencil beam dedicated nozzle. The treatment consisted of three pencil beam scanning fields employing a lucite range shifter. Proton energies ranged from 100 to 165 MeV. A median dose of 50.4 Gy(RBE) with 1.8 Gy(RBE) per fraction was prescribed to the initial planning target volume (PTV), which was located in the cerebellum. Thermoluminescent detectors (TLDs), namely, Li-7-enriched LiF : Mg, Ti (MTS-7) type, were used to detect gamma radiation, which is produced by nuclear reactions, and secondary as well as recoil protons created out-of-field by secondary neutrons. Li-6-enriched LiF : Mg,Cu,P (MCP-6) was combined with Li-7-enriched MCP-7 to measure thermal neutrons. TLDs were calibrated in Co-60 and reported on absorbed dose in water per target dose (μGy/Gy) as well as thermal neutron dose equivalent per target dose (μSv/Gy). Additionally, bubble detectors for personal neutron dosimetry (BD-PND) were used for measuring neutrons (>50 keV), which were calibrated in a Cf-252 neutron beam to report on neutron dose equivalent dose data. The Monte Carlo code TOPAS (version 3.6) was run using a phase-space file containing 1010 histories reaching an average standard statistical uncertainty of less than 0.2% (coverage factor k = 1) on all voxels scoring more than 50% of the maximum dose. The primary beam was modeled following a Fermi–Eyges description of the spot envelope fitted to measurements. For the Monte Carlo simulation, the chemical composition of the tissues represented in ATOM was employed. The dose was tallied as dose-to-water, and data were normalized to the target dose (physical dose) to report on absorbed doses per target dose (mSv/Gy) or neutron dose equivalent per target dose (μSv/Gy), while also an estimate of the total organ dose was provided for a target dose of 50.4 Gy(RBE). Out-of-field doses showed absorbed doses that were 5 to 6 orders of magnitude lower than the target dose. The discrepancy between TLD data and the corresponding scored values in the Monte Carlo calculations involving proton and gamma contributions was on average 18%. The comparison between the neutron equivalent doses between the Monte Carlo simulation and the measured neutron doses was on average 8%. Organ dose calculations revealed the highest dose for the thyroid, which was 120 mSv, while other organ doses ranged from 18 mSv in the lungs to 0.6 mSv in the testes. The proposed computational method for routine calculation of the out-of-the-field dose in proton therapy produces results that are compatible with the experimental data and allow to calculate out-of-field organ doses during proton therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijke De Saint-Hubert
- Research in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Nico Verbeek
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen WPE, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Essen, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Bäumer
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen WPE, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Essen, Germany.,Radiation Oncology and Imaging, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Johannes Esser
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen WPE, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Essen, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Science Institute of Physics and Medical Physics. Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Wulff
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen WPE, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Essen, Germany
| | - Racell Nabha
- Research in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Olivier Van Hoey
- Research in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Jérémie Dabin
- Research in Dosimetric Applications, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Florian Stuckmann
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen WPE, Essen, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics and Science Institute of Physics and Medical Physics. Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Klinikum Fulda GAG, Universitätsmedizin Marburg, Fulda, Zurich, Germany
| | - Fabiano Vasi
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Uwe Schneider
- Physik Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- Hospital Paitilla, Panama City, Panama.,Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas y de Alta Tecnología INDICASAT-AIP, Panama City, Panama
| | - Beate Timmermann
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen WPE, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Essen, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Radiation Oncology and Imaging, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Thierry-Chef
- Radiation Programme, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain.,University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Brualla
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen WPE, Essen, Germany.,West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Essen, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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15
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Thasasi P, Ruangchan S, Oonsiri P, Oonsiri S. Determination of Integral Depth Dose in Proton Pencil Beam Using Plane-parallel Ionization Chambers. Int J Part Ther 2022; 9:1-9. [PMID: 36060414 PMCID: PMC9415752 DOI: 10.14338/ijpt-22-00006.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to determine the integral depth-dose curves and assess the geometric collection efficiency of different detector diameters in proton pencil beam scanning. Materials and Methods The Varian ProBeam Compact spot scanning system was used for this study. The integral depth-dose curves with a proton energy range of 130 to 220 MeV were acquired with 2 types of Bragg peak chambers: 34070 with 8-cm diameter and 34089 with 15-cm diameter (PTW), multi-layer ionization chamber with 12-cm diameter (Giraffe, IBA Dosimetry), and PeakFinder with 8-cm diameter (PTW). To assess geometric collection efficiency, the integral depth-dose curves of 8- and 12-cm chamber diameters were compared to a 15-cm chamber diameter as the largest detector. Results At intermediate depths of 130, 150, 190, and 220 MeV, PTW Bragg peak chamber type 34089 provided the highest integral depth-dose curves followed by IBA Giraffe, PTW Bragg peak chamber type 34070, and PTW PeakFinder. Moreover, PTW Bragg peak chamber type 34089 had increased geometric collection efficiency up to 3.8%, 6.1%, and 3.1% when compared to PTW Bragg peak chamber type 34070, PTW PeakFinder, and IBA Giraffe, respectively. Conclusion A larger plane-parallel ionization chamber could increase the geometric collection efficiency of the detector, especially at intermediate depths and high-energy proton beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phatthraporn Thasasi
- 1 Medical Physics Program, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- 2 Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirinya Ruangchan
- 2 Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Puntiwa Oonsiri
- 2 Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sornjarod Oonsiri
- 2 Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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16
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Cohilis M, Hong L, Janssens G, Rossomme S, Sterpin E, Lee JA, Souris K. Development and validation of an automatic commissioning tool for the Monte Carlo dose engine in myQA iON. Phys Med 2022; 95:1-8. [PMID: 35051680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Independent dose verification with Monte Carlo (MC) simulations is an important feature of proton therapy quality assurance (QA). However, clinical integration of such tools often generates an additional and complex workload for medical physicists. The preparation of the necessary clinical inputs, such as the machine beam model, should therefore be automated. In this work, a methodology for automatic MC commissioning has been devised, validated, and developed into a MATLAB tool for the users of myQA iON, the recent QA platform of IBA Dosimetry. With this workflow, all necessary parameters can easily be tuned using dedicated optimization methods. For the geometrical beam parameters (phase space), the assumption of a single or double Gaussian is made. To model the energy spectrum, a Gaussian function is assumed and parameters are optimized using either MC simulations or a library of pre-computed Bragg peaks. For the absolute dose calibration, commissioning fields can be reproduced with the dose engine to retrieve the necessary parameters. We discuss in a first time the tool efficiency and show that one can optimize all parameters in less than 4 min per energy with excellent accuracy. We then validate a beam model obtained with the tool by simulating homogeneous spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBPs) and patient QA plans previously measured in water. An average range agreement of 0.29 ± 0.34 mm is achieved for the SOBPs while 3%/3 mm local gamma passing rates reach 99.3% on average over all 62 measured patient QA planes, which is well within clinical tolerances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cohilis
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), MIRO Lab, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Hong
- University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - G Janssens
- Ion Beam Applications, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - S Rossomme
- Ion Beam Applications, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - E Sterpin
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), MIRO Lab, Brussels, Belgium; KU Leuven, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Experimental Radiotherapy, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J A Lee
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), MIRO Lab, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Souris
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), MIRO Lab, Brussels, Belgium.
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17
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Huang YH, Fang C, Yang T, Cao L, Zhang G, Qu B, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Xu S. A systematic study of independently-tuned room-specific PBS beam model in a beam-matched multiroom proton therapy system. Radiat Oncol 2021; 16:206. [PMID: 34715894 PMCID: PMC8555324 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-021-01932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the existing application of beam-matched multiroom proton therapy system, the model based on the commissioning data from the leading treatment room was used as the shared model. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ability of independently-tuned room-specific beam models of beam-matched gantries to reproduce the agreement between gantries’ performance when considering the errors introduced by the modeling process. Methods Raw measurements of two gantries’ dosimetric characteristics were quantitatively compared to ensure their agreement after initially beam-matched. Two gantries’ beam model parameters, as well as the model-based computed dosimetric characteristics, were analyzed to study the introduced errors and gantries’ post-modeling consistency. We forced two gantries to share the same beam model. The model-sharing patient-specific quality assurance (QA) tasks were retrospectively performed with 36 cancer patients to study the clinical impact of beam model discrepancies. Results Intra-gantry comparisons demonstrate that the modeling process introduced the errors to a certain extent indeed, which made the model-based reproduced results deviate from the raw measurements. Among them, the deviation introduced to the IDD curves was generally larger than that to the beam spots during modeling. Cross-gantry comparisons show that, from the beam model perspective, the introduced deviations deteriorated the high agreement of the dosimetric characteristics originally shown between two beam-matched gantries, but the cross-gantry discrepancy was still within the clinically acceptable tolerance. In model-sharing patient-specific QA, for the particular gantry, the beam model usage for intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) QA plan generation had no significant effect on the actual delivering performance. All reached a high level of 95.0% passing rate with a 3 mm/3% criterion. Conclusions It was preliminary recognized that among beam-matched gantries, the independently-tuned room-specific beam model from any gantry is reasonable to be chosen as the shared beam model without affecting the treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei Yizhou Cancer Hospital, Zhuozhou, 072750, China.,School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chunfeng Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei Yizhou Cancer Hospital, Zhuozhou, 072750, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei Yizhou Cancer Hospital, Zhuozhou, 072750, China
| | - Lin Cao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei Yizhou Cancer Hospital, Zhuozhou, 072750, China
| | - Gaolong Zhang
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Baolin Qu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zishen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei Yizhou Cancer Hospital, Zhuozhou, 072750, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei Yizhou Cancer Hospital, Zhuozhou, 072750, China.
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18
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Verbeek N, Wulff J, Janson M, Bäumer C, Zahid S, Timmermann B, Brualla L. Experiments and Monte Carlo simulations on multiple Coulomb scattering of protons. Med Phys 2021; 48:3186-3199. [PMID: 33772808 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Monte Carlo simulations as well as analytical computations of proton transport in material media require accurate values of multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS) angles. High-quality experimental data on MCS angles in the energy range for proton therapy are, however, sparse. In this work, MCS modeling in proton transport was evaluated employing an experimental method to measure these angles on a medical proton beamline in clinically relevant materials. Results are compared to Monte Carlo simulations and analytical models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aluminum, brass, and lucite (PMMA) scatterers of clinically relevant thicknesses were irradiated with protons at 100, 160, and 220 MeV. Resulting spatial distributions of individual pencil beams were measured with a scintillating screen. The MCS angles were determined by deconvolution and a virtual point source approach. Results were compared to those obtained with the Monte Carlo codes PENH, TOPAS, and RayStation Monte Carlo, as well as the analytical models RayStation Pencil Beam Algorithm and the Molière/Fano/Hanson variant of the Molière theory. RESULTS Experimental data obtained with the presented methodology agree with previously published results within 6%, with an average deviation of 3%. The combined average uncertainty of the experimental data yielded 1.8%, while the combined maximum uncertainty was below 4%. The obtained Monte Carlo results for PENH, TOPAS, and RayStation deviate on average for all considered energies, materials and thicknesses, by 2.5%, 3.4%, and 2.8% from the experimental data, respectively. For the analytical models, the average deviations amount to 4.5% and 2.9% for the RayStation Pencil Beam Algorithm and the Molière/Fano/Hanson model, respectively. CONCLUSION The experimental method developed for the present work allowed to measure MCS angles in clinical proton facilities with good accuracy. The presented method permits to extend the database on experimental MCS angles which is rather limited. This work further provides benchmark data for lucite in thicknesses relevant for clinical applications. The data may serve to validate dose engines of treatment planning systems and secondary dose check software. The Monte Carlo and analytical algorithms studied are capable of reproducing MCS data within the required accuracy for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Verbeek
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen WPE, Essen, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center WTZ, Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg Wulff
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen WPE, Essen, Germany.,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center WTZ, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Bäumer
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen WPE, Essen, Germany.,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center WTZ, Essen, Germany.,Radiation Oncology and Imaging, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Heidelberg, Germany.,Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
| | - Sameera Zahid
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen WPE, Essen, Germany.,Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Beate Timmermann
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen WPE, Essen, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center WTZ, Essen, Germany.,Radiation Oncology and Imaging, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Brualla
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen WPE, Essen, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center WTZ, Essen, Germany
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19
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Valdetaro LB, Høye EM, Skyt PS, Petersen JBB, Balling P, Muren LP. Empirical quenching correction in radiochromic silicone-based three-dimensional dosimetry of spot-scanning proton therapy. PHYSICS & IMAGING IN RADIATION ONCOLOGY 2021; 18:11-18. [PMID: 34258402 PMCID: PMC8254200 DOI: 10.1016/j.phro.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and purpose Three-dimensional dosimetry of proton therapy (PT) with chemical dosimeters is challenged by signal quenching, which is a lower dose-response in regions with high ionization density due to high linear-energy-transfer (LET) and dose-rate. This study aimed to assess the viability of an empirical correction model for 3D radiochromic silicone-based dosimeters irradiated with spot-scanning PT, by parametrizing its LET and dose-rate dependency. Materials and methods Ten cylindrical radiochromic dosimeters (Ø50 and Ø75 mm) were produced in-house, and irradiated with different spot-scanning proton beam configurations and machine-set dose rates ranging from 56 to 145 Gy/min. Beams with incident energies of 75, 95 and 120 MeV, a spread-out Bragg peak and a plan optimized to an irregular target volume were included. Five of the dosimeters, irradiated with 120 MeV beams, were used to estimate the quenching correction factors. Monte Carlo simulations were used to obtain dose and dose-averaged-LET (LETd) maps. Additionally, a local dose-rate map was estimated, using the simulated dose maps and the machine-set dose-rate information retrieved from the irradiation log-files. Finally, the correction factor was estimated as a function of LETd and local dose-rate and tested on the different fields. Results Gamma-pass-rates of the corrected measurements were >94% using a 3%-3 mm gamma analysis and >88% using 2%-2 mm, with a dose deviation of <5.6 ± 1.8%. Larger dosimeters showed a 20% systematic increase in dose-response, but the same quenching in signal when compared to the smaller dosimeters. Conclusion The quenching correction model was valid for different dosimeter sizes to obtain relative dosimetric maps of complex dose distributions in PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Barbosa Valdetaro
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ellen Marie Høye
- Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Peter Sandegaard Skyt
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Balling
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ludvig Paul Muren
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.,Medical Physics, Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
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20
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Nelson NP, Culberson WS, Hyer DE, Geoghegan TJ, Patwardhan KA, Smith BR, Flynn RT, Yu J, Rana S, Gutiérrez AN, Hill PM. Development and validation of the Dynamic Collimation Monte Carlo simulation package for pencil beam scanning proton therapy. Med Phys 2021; 48:3172-3185. [PMID: 33740253 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to develop and experimentally validate a Dynamic Collimation Monte Carlo (DCMC) simulation package specifically designed for the simulation of collimators in pencil beam scanning proton therapy (PBS-PT). The DCMC package was developed using the TOPAS Monte Carlo platform and consists of a generalized PBS source model and collimator component extensions. METHODS A divergent point-source model of the IBA dedicated nozzle (DN) at the Miami Cancer Institute (MCI) was created and validated against on-axis commissioning measurements taken at MCI. The beamline optics were mathematically incorporated into the source to model beamlet deflections in the X and Y directions at the respective magnet planes. Off-axis measurements taken at multiple planes in air were used to validate both the off-axis spot size and divergence of the source model. The DCS trimmers were modeled and incorporated as TOPAS geometry extensions that linearly translate and rotate about the bending magnets. To validate the collimator model, a series of integral depth dose (IDD) and lateral profile measurements were acquired at MCI and used to benchmark the DCMC performance for modeling both pristine and range shifted beamlets. The water equivalent thickness (WET) of the range shifter was determined by quantifying the shift in the depth of the 80% dose point distal to the Bragg peak between the range shifted and pristine uncollimated beams. RESULTS A source model of the IBA DN system was successfully commissioned against on- and off-axis IDD and lateral profile measurements performed at MCI. The divergence of the source model was matched through an optimization of the source-to-axis distance and comparison against in-air spot profiles. The DCS model was then benchmarked against collimated IDD and in-air and in-phantom lateral profile measurements. Gamma analysis was used to evaluate the agreement between measured and simulated lateral profiles and IDDs with 1%/1 mm criteria and a 1% dose threshold. For the pristine collimated beams, the average 1%/1 mm gamma pass rates across all collimator configurations investigated were 99.8% for IDDs and 97.6% and 95.2% for in-air and in-phantom lateral profiles. All range shifted collimated IDDs passed at 100% while in-air and in-phantom lateral profiles had average pass rates of 99.1% and 99.8%, respectively. The measured and simulated WET of the polyethylene range shifter was determined to be 40.9 and 41.0 mm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a TOPAS-based Monte Carlo package for modeling collimators in PBS-PT. This package was then commissioned to model the IBA DN system and DCS located at MCI using both uncollimated and collimated measurements. Validation results demonstrate that the DCMC package can be used to accurately model other aspects of a DCS implementation via simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Nelson
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Wesley S Culberson
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Daniel E Hyer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Theodore J Geoghegan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kaustubh A Patwardhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Blake R Smith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ryan T Flynn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Jen Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 N. Kendall Drive, Miami, FL, 33176, USA
| | - Suresh Rana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 N. Kendall Drive, Miami, FL, 33176, USA
| | - Alonso N Gutiérrez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 N. Kendall Drive, Miami, FL, 33176, USA
| | - Patrick M Hill
- Department of Human Oncology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
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21
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Rahman M, Bruza P, Lin Y, Gladstone DJ, Pogue BW, Zhang R. Producing a Beam Model of the Varian ProBeam Proton Therapy System using TOPAS Monte Carlo Toolkit. Med Phys 2020; 47:6500-6508. [PMID: 33030241 PMCID: PMC10760485 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A Geant4-based TOPAS Monte Carlo toolkit was utilized to model a Varian ProBeam proton therapy system, with the aim of providing an independent computational platform for validating advanced dosimetric methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS The model was tested for accuracy of dose and linear energy transfer (LET) prediction relative to the commissioning data, which included integral depth dose (IDD) in water and spot profiles in air measured at varying depths (for energies of 70 to 240 MeV in increments of 10 MeV, and 242 MeV), and absolute dose calibration. Emittance was defined based on depth-dependent spot profiles and Courant-Snyder's particle transport theory, which provided spot size and angular divergence along the inline and crossline plane. Energy spectra were defined as Gaussian distributions that best matched the range and maximum dose of the IDD. The validity of the model was assessed based on measurements of range, dose to peak difference, mean point to point difference, spot sizes at different depths, and spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) IDD and was compared to the current treatment planning software (TPS). RESULTS Simulated and commissioned spot sizes agreed within 2.5%. The single spot IDD range, maximum dose, and mean point to point difference of each commissioned energy agreed with the simulated profiles generally within 0.07 mm, 0.4%, and 0.6%, respectively. A simulated SOBP plan agreed with the measured dose within 2% for the plateau region. The protons/MU and absolute dose agreed with the current TPS to within 1.6% and exhibited the greatest discrepancy at higher energies. CONCLUSIONS The TOPAS model agreed well with the commissioning data and included inline and crossline asymmetry of the beam profiles. The discrepancy between the measured and TOPAS-simulated SOBP plan may be due to beam modeling simplifications of the current TPS and the nuclear halo effect. The model can compute LET, and motivates future studies in understanding equivalent dose prediction in treatment planning, and investigating scintillation quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahbubur Rahman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Petr Bruza
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Yuting Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - David J. Gladstone
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Rongxiao Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover NH 03755
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22
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Farr JB, Moyers MF, Allgower CE, Bues M, Hsi WC, Jin H, Mihailidis DN, Lu HM, Newhauser WD, Sahoo N, Slopsema R, Yeung D, Zhu XR. Clinical commissioning of intensity-modulated proton therapy systems: Report of AAPM Task Group 185. Med Phys 2020; 48:e1-e30. [PMID: 33078858 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton therapy is an expanding radiotherapy modality in the United States and worldwide. With the number of proton therapy centers treating patients increasing, so does the need for consistent, high-quality clinical commissioning practices. Clinical commissioning encompasses the entire proton therapy system's multiple components, including the treatment delivery system, the patient positioning system, and the image-guided radiotherapy components. Also included in the commissioning process are the x-ray computed tomography scanner calibration for proton stopping power, the radiotherapy treatment planning system, and corresponding portions of the treatment management system. This commissioning report focuses exclusively on intensity-modulated scanning systems, presenting details of how to perform the commissioning of the proton therapy and ancillary systems, including the required proton beam measurements, treatment planning system dose modeling, and the equipment needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B Farr
- Department of Medical Physics, Applications of Detectors and Accelerators to Medicine, Meyrin, 1217, Switzerland
| | | | - Chris E Allgower
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Martin Bues
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Wen-Chien Hsi
- University of Florida Proton Therapy Institute, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32206, USA
| | - Hosang Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Dimitris N Mihailidis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hsiao-Ming Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hefei Ion Medical Center, 1700 Changning Avenue, Gaoxin District, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, China
| | - Wayne D Newhauser
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.,Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70809, USA
| | - Narayan Sahoo
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Roelf Slopsema
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory Proton Therapy Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Daniel Yeung
- Saudi Proton Therapy Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Riyadh Province, 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - X Ronald Zhu
- Department of Radiation Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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23
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Rana S, Bennouna J. Investigating beam matching for multi-room pencil beam scanning proton therapy. Phys Eng Sci Med 2020; 43:1241-1251. [PMID: 33025387 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-020-00927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the proton beam matching for a multi-room ProteusPLUS pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy system and quantify the agreement among three beam-matched treatment rooms (GTR1, GTR2, and GTR3). In-air spot size measurements were acquired using a 2D scintillation detector at various gantry angles. Range and absolute dose measurements were performed in water at gantry angle 0°. Patient-specific quality assurance (QA) plans of four different disease sites (brain, mediastinum, sacrum, and prostate) and machine QA fields with uniform dose were delivered for various beam conditions. The results from GTR1 were considered as reference values. The average difference in spot sizes between GTR2 and GTR1 was - 0.3% ± 2.2% (range, - 5.9 to 5.8%). For GTR3 vs. GTR1, the average difference in spot sizes was 0.6% ± 1.7% (range, - 4.8 to 4.6%). The spot symmetry was found to be ≤ 4.4%. For proton range, the difference among three rooms was within ± 0.5 mm. On average, the difference in absolute dose was - 0.1 ± 0.7% (range, - 1.3 to 2.1%) for GTR2 vs. GTR1 and 0.7 ± 0.6% (range, - 0.1 to 2.1%) for GTR3 vs. GTR1. The average gamma passing rate of patient-specific QA measurements (n = 29) was ≥ 98.6%. The average gamma passing rate of machine QA fields was 99.9%. In conclusion, proton beam matching was quantified for three beam-matched rooms of an IBA ProteusPLUS system with a PBS dedicated nozzle. It is feasible to match the spot size and absolute dose within ± 5% and ± 2%, respectively. Proton range can be matched within ± 0.5 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Rana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 N Kendall Drive, Miami, FL, 33176, USA. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA. .,Department of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jaafar Bennouna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 N Kendall Drive, Miami, FL, 33176, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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24
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Rana S, Eckert C, Singh H, Zheng Y, Chacko M, Storey M, Chang J. Determination of machine‐specific tolerances using statistical process control analysis of long‐term uniform scanning proton machine QA results. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2020; 21:163-170. [PMID: 32741135 PMCID: PMC7497929 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) report the long‐term monthly quality assurance (QA) dosimetry results of the uniform scanning beam delivery system, and (b) derive the machine‐specific tolerances based on the statistic process control (SPC) methodology and compare them against the AAPM TG224 recommended tolerances. Methods The Oklahoma Proton Center has four treatment rooms (TR1, TR2, TR3, and TR4) with a cyclotron and a universal nozzle. Monthly QA dosimetry results of four treatment rooms over a period of 6 yr (Feb 2014–Jan 2020) were retrieved from the QA database. The dosimetry parameters included dose output, range, flatness, and symmetry. The monthly QA results were analyzed using the SPC method, which included individuals and moving range (I‐MR) chart. The upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) were set at 3σ above and below the mean value, respectively. Results The mean difference in dose output was −0.3% (2σ = ±0.9% and 3σ = ±1.3%) in TR1, 0% (2σ = ±1.4% and 3σ = ±2.1%) in TR2, −0.2% (2σ = ±1.0% and 3σ = ±1.6%) in TR3, and −0.5% (2σ = ±0.9% and 3σ = ±1.3%) in TR4. The mean flatness and symmetry differences of all beams among the four treatment rooms were within ±1.0%. The 3σ for the flatness difference ranged from ±0.5% to ±1.2%. The 3σ for the symmetry difference ranged from ±0.4% to ±1.4%. The SPC analysis showed that the 3σ for range 10 cm (R10), R16, and R22 were within ±1 mm, whereas the 3σ for R28 exceeded ±1 mm in two rooms (3σ = ±1.9 mm in TR2 and 3σ = ±1.3 mm in TR3). Conclusion The 3σ of the dose output, flatness, and symmetry differences in all four rooms were comparable to the TG224 tolerance (±2%). For the uniform scanning system, if the measured range is compared against the requested range, it may not always be possible to achieve the range difference within ±1 mm (TG224) for all the ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Rana
- Department of Medical PhysicsOklahoma Proton Center Oklahoma City OK USA
| | - Colton Eckert
- Department of Medical PhysicsOklahoma Proton Center Oklahoma City OK USA
| | - Hardev Singh
- Department of Medical PhysicsOklahoma Proton Center Oklahoma City OK USA
| | - Yuanshui Zheng
- Department of Medical Physics Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center Guangzhou China
| | - Michael Chacko
- Department of Medical PhysicsOklahoma Proton Center Oklahoma City OK USA
| | - Mark Storey
- Department of Radiation OncologyOklahoma Proton Center Oklahoma City OK USA
| | - John Chang
- Department of Radiation OncologyOklahoma Proton Center Oklahoma City OK USA
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25
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Bäcker CM, Bäumer C, Gerhardt M, Ibisi S, Kröninger K, Nitsch C, Weingarten J, Timmermann B. Evaluation of the activation of brass apertures in proton therapy using gamma-ray spectrometry and Monte Carlo simulations. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2020; 40:848-860. [PMID: 32575092 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ab9f42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Collimating apertures are used in proton therapy to laterally conform treatment fields to the target volume. While this is a standard technique in passive spreading treatment heads, patient-specific apertures can supplement pencil-beam scanning (PBS) techniques to sharpen the lateral dose fall-off. A radiation protection issue is that proton-induced nuclear reactions can lead to the formation of radionuclides in the apertures. In the experiments of the current study, cylindrical, thick brass targets were irradiated with quasi-monoenergetic proton fields of 100.0 MeV and of 226.7 MeV in PBS mode. The radioactivation of these two brass samples was characterised with a low-level gamma-ray spectrometer. The activation products were scored in a Monte Carlo simulation, too, and compared with the experimental activities. For the high-energy field, 63Zn, 60Cu, and 61Cu were the most important short-lived isotopes regarding the measured specific activity. After irradiation with the 100.0 MeV field, 62Cu, 63Zn, and 60Cu had the highest activity. Regarding long-lived isotopes, which determine the storage time of the used apertures, the isotopes 57Co, 65Zn, 54Mn, 56Co had the largest contribution to the activity. The relative difference of activities between simulation and experiment was typically between 10%-20% for short-lived nuclides and were up to a factor of five larger for long-lived nuclides. Summarising experiments and simulations for both incident proton energies, 62Cu was the most important detected residual nucleus regardless if specific activity or equivalent dose is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Maximilian Bäcker
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), Am Mühlenbach 1, Essen, Germany. University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany. West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany. Technische Universität Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Str. 4a, Dortmund, Germany
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Kelleter L, Radogna R, Volz L, Attree D, Basharina-Freshville A, Seco J, Saakyan R, Jolly S. A scintillator-based range telescope for particle therapy. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:165001. [PMID: 32422621 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab9415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The commissioning and operation of a particle therapy centre requires an extensive set of detectors for measuring various parameters of the treatment beam. Among the key devices are detectors for beam range quality assurance. In this work, a novel range telescope based on a plastic scintillator and read out by a large-scale CMOS sensor is presented. The detector is made of a stack of 49 plastic scintillator sheets with a thickness of 2-3 mm and an active area of 100 × 100 mm2, resulting in a total physical stack thickness of 124.2 mm. This compact design avoids optical artefacts that are common in other scintillation detectors. The range of a proton beam is reconstructed using a novel Bragg curve model that incorporates scintillator quenching effects. Measurements to characterise the performance of the detector were carried out at the Heidelberger Ionenstrahl-Therapiezentrum (HIT, Heidelberg, GER) and the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre (CCC, Bebington, UK). The maximum difference between the measured range and the reference range was found to be 0.41 mm at a proton beam range of 310 mm and was dominated by detector alignment uncertainties. With the new detector prototype, the water-equivalent thickness of PMMA degrader blocks has been reconstructed within ± 0.1 mm. An evaluation of the radiation hardness proves that the range reconstruction algorithm is robust following the deposition of 6,300 Gy peak dose into the detector. Furthermore, small variations in the beam spot size and transverse beam position are shown to have a negligible effect on the range reconstruction accuracy. The potential for range measurements of ion beams is also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Kelleter
- Dept. Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
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Son J, Shin D, Kim T, Park S, Rah JE. Feasibility study of patient-specific energy verification using a multilayer acrylic-disk radiation sensor. Med Phys 2020; 47:3789-3796. [PMID: 32535940 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Obtaining an integral depth-dose (IDD) curve using a recently developed acrylic-disk radiation sensor (ADRS) is time-consuming because its single structure requires point-by-point measurements in a water phantom. The goal of this study was to verify the ability of a newly designed multilayer ADRS, composed of 20 layers, to measure the energy of proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) in patient-specific quality assurance (QA). MATERIALS AND METHODS The multilayer ADRS consisted of a disk-type transmitter, with a diameter of 15 cm and with a thickness of 1 mm, surrounded by a thin optical fiber; this ADRS provided a higher spatial resolution than the single ADRS, which was 2 mm. The dosimetric characteristics of the multilayer ADRS were determined to accurately measure the energy delivered layer-by-layer. We selected five patients to verify the energy measured using the multilayer ADRS from the actual clinical proton therapy plans. The accuracy of the results measured using the multilayer ADRS was compared with that of measurements by a Bragg peak ionization chamber (IC) and that calculated by a Monte Carlo TOPAS simulation. RESULTS The difference between the multilayer ADRS measurements and those of the TOPAS simulation was within 1% for all patients. The ranges, corresponding to the beam energies for each patient, measured using the multilayer ADRS were closer to those calculated using the TOPAS simulation than those measured using the Bragg peak IC. CONCLUSIONS The multilayer ADRS is well suited to verifying the energy of a pencil beam. The acrylic materials used in its configuration make this device easier to use and more cost-effective than conventional detectors. This device, with its high extensibility and stability, may be applicable as a new dosimetry tool for PBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeman Son
- SNUH Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator of Gijang, Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Dongho Shin
- Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Taeho Kim
- Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Korea
| | - Sukwon Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, 10475, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Rah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, 10475, Korea
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Farr JB, Moskvin V, Lukose RC, Yao W, Schwamm F. Technical Note: Design and characterization of a large diameter parallel plate ionization chamber for accurate integral depth dose measurements with proton beams. Med Phys 2020; 47:3214-3224. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.14166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan B. Farr
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 USA
- Applications of Detectors and Accelerators to Medicine Meyrin 1217 Switzerland
| | - Vadim Moskvin
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 USA
| | | | - Weiguang Yao
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis TN 38105 USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21201 USA
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Burg JM, Horst F, Wulff J, Timmermann B, Vorwerk H, Zink K. Optical range determination of clinical proton beams in water. A comparison with standard measurement methods. Phys Med 2020; 73:197-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Chang CW, Huang S, Harms J, Zhou J, Zhang R, Dhabaan A, Slopsema R, Kang M, Liu T, McDonald M, Langen K, Lin L. A standardized commissioning framework of Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithms for proton pencil beam scanning treatment planning systems. Med Phys 2020; 47:1545-1557. [PMID: 31945191 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Treatment planning systems (TPSs) from different vendors can involve different implementations of Monte Carlo dose calculation (MCDC) algorithms for pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy. There are currently no guidelines for validating non-water materials in TPSs. Furthermore, PBS-specific parameters can vary by 1-2 orders of magnitude among different treatment delivery systems (TDSs). This paper proposes a standardized framework on the use of commissioning data and steps to validate TDS-specific parameters and TPS-specific heterogeneity modeling to potentially reduce these uncertainties. METHODS A standardized commissioning framework was developed to commission the MCDC algorithms of RayStation 8A and Eclipse AcurosPT v13.7.20 using water and non-water materials. Measurements included Bragg peak depth-dose and lateral spot profiles and scanning field outputs for Varian ProBeam. The phase-space parameters were obtained from in-air measurements and the number of protons per MU from output measurements of 10 × 10 cm2 square fields at a 2 cm depth. Spot profiles and various PBS field measurements at additional depths were used to validate TPS. Human tissues in TPS, Gammex phantom materials, and artificial materials were used for the TPS benchmark and validation. RESULTS The maximum differences of phase parameters, spot sigma, and divergence between MCDC algorithms are below 4.5 µm and 0.26 mrad in air, respectively. Comparing TPS to measurements at depths, both MC algorithms predict the spot sigma within 0.5 mm uncertainty intervals, the resolution of the measurement device. Beam Configuration in AcurosPT is found to underestimate number of protons per MU by ~2.5% and requires user adjustment to match measured data, while RayStation is within 1% of measurements using Auto model. A solid water phantom was used to validate the range accuracy of non-water materials within 1% in AcurosPT. CONCLUSIONS The proposed standardized commissioning framework can detect potential issues during PBS TPS MCDC commissioning processes, and potentially can shorten commissioning time and improve dosimetric accuracies. Secondary MCDC can be used to identify the root sources of disagreement between primary MCDC and measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sheng Huang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joseph Harms
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Rongxiao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Anees Dhabaan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Roelf Slopsema
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Minglei Kang
- New York Proton Center, New York, NY, 10035, USA
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Mark McDonald
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Katja Langen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Liyong Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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Vai A, Mirandola A, Magro G, Maestri D, Mastella E, Mairani A, Molinelli S, Russo S, Togno M, Civita SL, Ciocca M. Characterization of a MLIC Detector for QA in Scanned Proton and Carbon Ion Beams. Int J Part Ther 2020; 6:50-59. [PMID: 31998821 DOI: 10.14338/ijpt-19-00064.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Beam energy validation is a fundamental aspect of the routine quality assurance (QA) protocol of a particle therapy facility. A multilayer ionization chamber (MLIC) detector provides the optimal tradeoff between achieving accuracy in particle range determination and saving operational time in measurements and analysis procedures. We propose the characterization of a commercial MLIC as a suitable QA tool for a clinical environment with proton and carbon-ion scanning beams. Materials and Methods Commercial MLIC Giraffe (IBA Dosimetry, Schwarzenbruck, Germany) was primarily evaluated in terms of short-term and long-term stability, linearity with dose, and dose-rate independence. Accuracy was tested by analyzing range of integrated depth-dose curves for a set of representative energies against reference acquisitions in water for proton and carbon ion beams; in addition, 2 modulated proton spread-out Bragg peaks were also measured. Possible methods to increase the native spatial resolution of the detector were also investigated. Results Measurements showed a high repeatability: mean relative standard deviation was within 0.5% for all channels and both particle types. The long-term stability of the gain calibration showed discrepancies less than 1% at different times. The detector response was linear with dose (R 2 > 0.99) and independent on the dose rate. Measurements of integrated depth-dose curve ranges revealed a mean deviation from reference measurements in water of 0.1 ± 0.3 mm for protons with a maximum difference of 0.4 mm and 0.2 ± 0.6 mm with maximum difference of 0.85 mm for carbon ion beams. For the 2 modulated proton spread-out Bragg peaks, measured differences in distal dose falloff were ≤0.5 mm against calculated values. Conclusions The detector is stable, linearly responding with dose, precise, and easy to handle for QA beam energy checks of proton and carbon ion beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vai
- Fondazione CNAO (Italian National Center for Oncological Hadronterapy), Pavia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Mirandola
- Fondazione CNAO (Italian National Center for Oncological Hadronterapy), Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Magro
- Fondazione CNAO (Italian National Center for Oncological Hadronterapy), Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Maestri
- Fondazione CNAO (Italian National Center for Oncological Hadronterapy), Pavia, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mastella
- Fondazione CNAO (Italian National Center for Oncological Hadronterapy), Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Mairani
- Fondazione CNAO (Italian National Center for Oncological Hadronterapy), Pavia, Italy.,Heidelberg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Silvia Molinelli
- Fondazione CNAO (Italian National Center for Oncological Hadronterapy), Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Russo
- Fondazione CNAO (Italian National Center for Oncological Hadronterapy), Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Togno
- R&D Department, IBA Dosimetry, Schwarzenbruck, Germany
| | | | - Mario Ciocca
- Fondazione CNAO (Italian National Center for Oncological Hadronterapy), Pavia, Italy
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Grevillot L, Osorio Moreno J, Letellier V, Dreindl R, Elia A, Fuchs H, Carlino A, Kragl G, Palmans H, Vatnitsky S, Stock M. Clinical implementation and commissioning of the MedAustron Particle Therapy Accelerator for non‐isocentric scanned proton beam treatments. Med Phys 2019; 47:380-392. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Grevillot
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | | | - Virgile Letellier
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Ralf Dreindl
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Alessio Elia
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Hermann Fuchs
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
- Department of Radiation Therapy Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Antonio Carlino
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Gabriele Kragl
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Hugo Palmans
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
- National Physical Laboratory Hampton Road TW11 0LW Teddington UK
| | | | - Markus Stock
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie Curie‐Straße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
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Nystrom H, Jensen MF, Nystrom PW. Treatment planning for proton therapy: what is needed in the next 10 years? Br J Radiol 2019; 93:20190304. [PMID: 31356107 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment planning is the process where the prescription of the radiation oncologist is translated into a deliverable treatment. With the complexity of contemporary radiotherapy, treatment planning cannot be performed without a computerized treatment planning system. Proton therapy (PT) enables highly conformal treatment plans with a minimum of dose to tissues outside the target volume, but to obtain the most optimal plan for the treatment, there are a multitude of parameters that need to be addressed. In this review areas of ongoing improvements and research in the field of PT treatment planning are identified and discussed. The main focus is on issues of immediate clinical and practical relevance to the PT community highlighting the needs for the near future but also in a longer perspective. We anticipate that the manual tasks performed by treatment planners in the future will involve a high degree of computational thinking, as many issues can be solved much better by e.g. scripting. More accurate and faster dose calculation algorithms are needed, automation for contouring and planning is required and practical tools to handle the variable biological efficiency in PT is urgently demanded just to mention a few of the expected improvements over the coming 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Nystrom
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Skandionkliniken, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Petra Witt Nystrom
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Skandionkliniken, Uppsala, Sweden
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Tommasino F, Rovituso M, Lorentini S, La Tessa C, Petringa G, Cirrone P, Romano F, Scifoni E, Schwarz M, Durante M. STUDY FOR A PASSIVE SCATTERING LINE DEDICATED TO RADIOBIOLOGY EXPERIMENTS AT THE TRENTO PROTON THERAPY CENTER. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 183:274-279. [PMID: 30535406 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncy238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent worldwide spread of Proton Therapy centers paves the way to new opportunities for basic and applied research related to the use of accelerated proton beams. Clinical centers make use of proton beam energies up to about 230 MeV. This represents an interesting energy range for a large spectrum of applications, including detector testing, radiation shielding and space research. Additionally, radiobiology research might benefit for a larger availability of proton beams, especially in those centers where a room dedicated to research activities also exists. Here, we describe the initial activities for the setup of a radiobiology irradiation facility at the Trento Proton Therapy Center. Data referring to the characterization of the beam in air are essential to that purpose and will be presented. A basic setup for large field irradiation will be also proposed, which is needed for the majority of in vitro and in vivo radiobiology experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tommasino
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Povo, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Povo, Italy
| | - M Rovituso
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Povo, Italy
| | - S Lorentini
- Protontherapy Department, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - C La Tessa
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Povo, Italy
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Povo, Italy
| | - G Petringa
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Catania, Italy
| | - P Cirrone
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Catania, Italy
| | - F Romano
- Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Catania, Italy
- National Physics Laboratory, Acoustic and Ionizing Radiation Division, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - E Scifoni
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Povo, Italy
| | - M Schwarz
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Povo, Italy
- Protontherapy Department, Azienda Provinciale per i Servizi Sanitari (APSS), Trento, Italy
| | - M Durante
- Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (TIFPA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Povo, Italy
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Giordanengo S, Palmans H. Dose detectors, sensors, and their applications. Med Phys 2018; 45:e1051-e1072. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Giordanengo
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Section of Torino Via Giuria 1 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Hugo Palmans
- National Physical Laboratory Medical Radiation Science Hampton Road Teddington Middlesex TW11 0LW UK
- EBG MedAustron GmbH Marie‐Curiestraße 5 A‐2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
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Cho S, Lee N, Song S, Son J, Kim H, Jeong JH, Lee SB, Lim Y, Moon S, Yoon M, Shin D. Toward a novel dosimetry system using acrylic disk radiation sensor for proton pencil beam scanning. Med Phys 2018; 45:5277-5282. [PMID: 30133716 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Fabricate an acrylic disk radiation sensor (ADRS) and characterize the photoluminescence signal generated from the optical device as basis for the development and evaluation of a new dosimetry system for pencil beam proton therapy. METHODS Based on the characteristics of the proposed optical dosimetry sensor, we established the relation between the photoluminescence output and the applied dose using an ionization chamber. Then, we obtained the relative integral depth dose profiles using the photoluminescence signal generated by pencil beam irradiation at energies of 99.9 and 162.1 MeV, and compared the results with the curve measured using a Bragg peak ionization chamber. RESULTS The relation between the photoluminescence output and applied dose was linear. In addition, the ADRS was dose independent for beam currents up to 6 Gy/min, and the calibration factor for energy was close to 1. Hence, the energy dependence on the optical device can be disregarded. The integral depth dose profiles obtained for the ADRS suitable agreed with the curve measured in the Bragg peak ionization chamber without requiring correction. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the ADRS is suitable for dosimetry measurements in pencil beam scanning, and it will be employed as a low-cost and versatile dosimetry sensor in upcoming developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinhaeng Cho
- Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Nuri Lee
- Department of Radiation and Oncology, National Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sanghyeon Song
- Department of Radiation and Oncology, Soon Chun Hyang University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeman Son
- Department of Radiation and Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haksoo Kim
- Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jong Hwi Jeong
- Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Se Byeong Lee
- Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Youngkyung Lim
- Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Moon
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myonggeun Yoon
- Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongho Shin
- Proton Therapy Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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Bäumer C, Janson M, Timmermann B, Wulff J. Collimated proton pencil-beam scanning for superficial targets: impact of the order of range shifter and aperture. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:085020. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aab79c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mirandola A, Magro G, Lavagno M, Mairani A, Molinelli S, Russo S, Mastella E, Vai A, Maestri D, La Rosa V, Ciocca M. Characterization of a multilayer ionization chamber prototype for fast verification of relative depth ionization curves and spread-out-Bragg-peaks in light ion beam therapy. Med Phys 2018. [PMID: 29537642 DOI: 10.1002/mp.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To dosimetrically characterize a multilayer ionization chamber (MLIC) prototype for quality assurance (QA) of pristine integral ionization curves (ICs) and spread-out-Bragg-peaks (SOBPs) for scanning light ion beams. METHODS QUBE (De.Tec.Tor., Torino, Italy) is a modular detector designed for QA in particle therapy (PT). Its main module is a MLIC detector, able to evaluate particle beam relative depth ionization distributions at different beam energies and modulations. The charge collecting electrodes are made of aluminum, for a nominal water equivalent thickness (WET) of ~75 mm. The detector prototype was calibrated by acquiring the signals in the initial plateau region of a pristine BP and in terms of WET. Successively, it was characterized in terms of repeatability response, linearity, short-term stability and dose rate dependence. Beam-induced measurements of activation in terms of ambient dose equivalent rate were also performed. To increase the detector coarse native spatial resolution (~2.3 mm), several consecutive acquisitions with a set of certified 0.175-mm-thick PMMA sheets (Goodfellow, Cambridge Limited, UK), placed in front of the QUBE mylar entrance window, were performed. The ICs/SOBPs were achieved as the result of the sum of the set of measurements, made up of a one-by-one PMMA layer acquisition. The newly obtained detector spatial resolution allowed the experimental measurements to be properly comparable against the reference curves acquired in water with the PTW Peakfinder. Furthermore, QUBE detector was modeled in the FLUKA Monte Carlo (MC) code following the technical design details and ICs/SOBPs were calculated. RESULTS Measurements showed a high repeatability: mean relative standard deviation within ±0.5% for all channels and both particle types. Moreover, the detector response was linear with dose (R2 > 0.998) and independent on the dose rate. The mean deviation over the channel-by-channel readout respect to the reference beam flux (100%) was equal to 0.7% (1.9%) for the 50% (20%) beam flux level. The short-term stability of the gain calibration was very satisfying for both particle types: the channel mean relative standard deviation was within ±1% for all the acquisitions performed at different times. The ICs obtained with the MLIC QUBE at improved resolution satisfactorily matched both the MC simulations and the reference curves acquired with Peakfinder. Deviations from the reference values in terms of BP position, peak width and distal fall-off were submillimetric for both particle types in the whole investigated energy range. For modulated SOBPs, a submillimetric deviation was found when comparing both experimental MLIC QUBE data against the reference values and MC calculations. The relative dose deviations for the experimental MLIC QUBE acquisitions, with respect to Peakfinder data, ranged from ~1% to ~3.5%. Maximum value of 14.1 μSv/h was measured in contact with QUBE entrance window soon after a long irradiation with carbon ions. CONCLUSION MLIC QUBE appears to be a promising detector for accurately measuring pristine ICs and SOBPs. A simple procedure to improve the intrinsic spatial resolution of the detector is proposed. Being the detector very accurate, precise, fast responding, and easy to handle, it is therefore well suited for daily checks in PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Mirandola
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO Foundation), Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Magro
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO Foundation), Pavia, 27100, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20100, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Mairani
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO Foundation), Pavia, 27100, Italy.,Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center (HIT), Heidelberg, 69121, Germany
| | - Silvia Molinelli
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO Foundation), Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Stefania Russo
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO Foundation), Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mastella
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO Foundation), Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vai
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO Foundation), Pavia, 27100, Italy
| | - Davide Maestri
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO Foundation), Pavia, 27100, Italy.,Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, 20100, Italy
| | | | - Mario Ciocca
- Centro Nazionale di Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO Foundation), Pavia, 27100, Italy
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Grevillot L, Stock M, Palmans H, Osorio Moreno J, Letellier V, Dreindl R, Elia A, Fuchs H, Carlino A, Vatnitsky S. Implementation of dosimetry equipment and phantoms at the MedAustron light ion beam therapy facility. Med Phys 2017; 45:352-369. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Grevillot
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Markus Stock
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Hugo Palmans
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
- National Physical Laboratory; Hampton Road TW11 0LW Teddington UK
| | | | - Virgile Letellier
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Ralf Dreindl
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
| | - Alessio Elia
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
- Centre Léon Bérard; CREATIS, Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR5220, Inserm U1044, INSA-Lyon, Université Lyon 1; 69007 Lyon France
| | - Hermann Fuchs
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Medical University of Vienna/AKH Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Antonio Carlino
- EBG MedAustron GmbH; Marie Curie-Straße 5 A-2700 Wiener Neustadt Austria
- Department of Physics and Chemistry; University of Palermo; Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 18 90128 Palermo Italy
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Giordanengo S, Manganaro L, Vignati A. Review of technologies and procedures of clinical dosimetry for scanned ion beam radiotherapy. Phys Med 2017; 43:79-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Bäumer C, Geismar D, Koska B, Kramer PH, Lambert J, Lemke M, Plaude S, Pschichholz L, Qamhiyeh S, Schiemann A, Timmermann B, Vermeren X. Comprehensive clinical commissioning and validation of the RayStation treatment planning system for proton therapy with active scanning and passive treatment techniques. Phys Med 2017; 43:15-24. [PMID: 29195558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.09.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To commission the treatment planning system (TPS) RayStation for proton therapy including beam models for spot scanning and for uniform scanning. METHODS Tests consist of procedures from ESTRO booklet number 7, the German DIN for constancy checks of TPSs, and extra tests checking the dose perturbation function. The dose distributions within patients were verified in silico by a comparison of 65 clinical treatment plans with the TPS XiO. Dose-volume parameters, dose differences, and three-dimensional gamma-indices serve as measures of similarity. The monthly constancy checks of Raystation have been automatized with a script. RESULTS The basic functionality of the software complies with ESTRO booklet number 7. For a few features minor enhancements are suggested. The dose distribution in RayStation agrees with the calculation in XiO. This is supported by a gamma-index (3mm/3%) pass rate of >98.9% (median over 59 plans) for the volume within the 20% isodose line and a difference of <0.3% of V95 of the PTV (median over 59 plans). If spot scanning is used together with a range shifter, the dose level calculated by RayStation can be off by a few percent. CONCLUSIONS RayStation can be used for the creation of clinical proton treatment plans. Compared to XiO RayStation has an improved modelling of the lateral dose fall-off in passively delivered fields. For spot scanning fields with range shifter blocks an empirical adjustment of monitor units is required. The computation of perturbed doses also allows the evaluation of the robustness of a treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bäumer
- Westdeutsches Protonentherapiezentrum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany.
| | - D Geismar
- Westdeutsches Protonentherapiezentrum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - B Koska
- Westdeutsches Protonentherapiezentrum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - P H Kramer
- Westdeutsches Protonentherapiezentrum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - J Lambert
- Westdeutsches Protonentherapiezentrum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - M Lemke
- Westdeutsches Protonentherapiezentrum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - S Plaude
- Westdeutsches Protonentherapiezentrum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - L Pschichholz
- Westdeutsches Protonentherapiezentrum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany; Hochschule Hamm-Lippstadt, Department Hamm 1, Marker Allee 76, Hamm, Germany
| | - S Qamhiyeh
- Westdeutsches Protonentherapiezentrum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - A Schiemann
- Westdeutsches Protonentherapiezentrum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany; Technische Universität Ilmenau, Institut für Biomedizinische Technik und Informatik, Gustav-Kirchhoff Str. 2, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - B Timmermann
- Westdeutsches Protonentherapiezentrum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany; Clinic for Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center (WTZ), Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - X Vermeren
- Westdeutsches Protonentherapiezentrum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
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Lehrack S, Assmann W, Bertrand D, Henrotin S, Herault J, Heymans V, Stappen FV, Thirolf PG, Vidal M, Van de Walle J, Parodi K. Submillimeter ionoacoustic range determination for protons in water at a clinical synchrocyclotron. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:L20-L30. [PMID: 28742053 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa81f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Proton ranges in water between 145 MeV to 227 MeV initial energy have been measured at a clinical superconducting synchrocyclotron using the acoustic signal induced by the ion dose deposition (ionoacoustic effect). Detection of ultrasound waves was performed by a very sensitive hydrophone and signals were stored in a digital oscilloscope triggered by secondary prompt gammas. The ionoacoustic range measurements were compared to existing range data from a calibrated range detector setup on-site and agreement of better than 1 mm was found at a Bragg peak dose of about 10 Gy for 220 MeV initial proton energy, compatible with the experimental errors. Ionoacoustics has thus the potential to measure the Bragg peak position with submillimeter accuracy during proton therapy, possibly correlated with ultrasound tissue imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Lehrack
- Department of Medical Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
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Dosimetry intercomparison of four proton therapy institutions in Germany employing spot scanning. Z Med Phys 2017; 27:80-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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