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El-Dairi R, Outinen O, Kankaanpää H. Anthropogenic underwater noise: A review on physiological and molecular responses of marine biota. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115978. [PMID: 38217911 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The detrimental effects of anthropogenic underwater noise on marine organisms have garnered significant attention among scientists. This review delves into the research concerning the repercussions of underwater noise on marine species, with specific emphasis on the physiological and molecular responses of marine biota. This review investigates the sensory mechanisms, hearing sensitivity, and reaction thresholds of diverse marine organisms, shedding light on their susceptibility to underwater noise disturbances. The physiological and molecular effects of anthropogenic underwater noise on marine biota include oxidative stress, energy homeostasis, metabolism, immune function, and respiration. Additionally, changes in the gene expression profile associated with oxidative stress, metabolism, and immunological response are among the responses reported for marine biota. These effects pose a threat to animal fitness and potentially affect their survival as individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami El-Dairi
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Okko Outinen
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Kankaanpää
- Marine and Freshwater Solutions, Finnish Environment Institute, Agnes Sjöbergin katu 2, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Rogers LS, Lozier NR, Sapozhnikova YP, Diamond KM, Davis JL, Sisneros JA. Functional plasticity of the swim bladder as an acoustic organ for communication in a vocal fish. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231839. [PMID: 38087920 PMCID: PMC10716664 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Teleost fishes have evolved a number of sound-producing mechanisms, including vibrations of the swim bladder. In addition to sound production, the swim bladder also aids in sound reception. While the production and reception of sound by the swim bladder has been described separately in fishes, the extent to which it operates for both in a single species is unknown. Here, using morphological, electrophysiological and modelling approaches, we show that the swim bladder of male plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) exhibits reproductive state-dependent changes in morphology and function for sound production and reception. Non-reproductive males possess rostral 'horn-like' swim bladder extensions that enhance low-frequency (less than 800 Hz) sound pressure sensitivity by decreasing the distance between the swim bladder and inner ear, thus enabling pressure-induced swim bladder vibrations to be transduced to the inner ear. By contrast, reproductive males display enlarged swim bladder sonic muscles that enable the production of advertisement calls but also alter swim bladder morphology and increase the swim bladder to inner ear distance, effectively reducing sound pressure sensitivity. Taken together, we show that the swim bladder exhibits a seasonal functional plasticity that allows it to effectively mediate both the production and reception of sound in a vocal teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yulia P. Sapozhnikova
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Kelly M. Diamond
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julian Ly Davis
- Department of Engineering, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph A. Sisneros
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Deng X, Wagner HJ, Popper AN. Comparison of the saccules and lagenae in six macrourid fishes from different deep-sea habitatsa). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:2937-2949. [PMID: 37938046 PMCID: PMC10769568 DOI: 10.1121/10.0022354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
There are substantial interspecific differences in the morphology of the ears of the more than 34 000 living fish species. However, almost nothing is known about the functional significance of these differences. One reason is that most comparative studies have been conducted on shallow-water species with far less focus on the numerous species that inhabit the depths of the oceans. Thus, to get a better sense of ear diversity in fishes and its potential role in hearing, this study focuses on the saccule and lagena, the primary auditory end organs, in six species of the family Macrouridae (rattails), a large group of fishes that typically inhabit depths from 1000 to 4000 m. The inner ears and, particularly, the saccules and lagenae in these species are large with the saccule resembling that of other Gadiformes. The lagenae of all macrourids studied here have serrated edge otoliths and highly diverse hair cell ciliary bundle shapes. The differences found in the inner ear anatomy of macrourids likely reflect the sensory advantages in different habitats that are related to the benefits and constraints at different depths, the fish's particular lifestyle, and the trade-off among different sensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Deng
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | | | - Arthur N Popper
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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4
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Bendig TA, Dycha GM, Bull EM, Ayala-Osorio R, Higgs DM. A comparative analysis of form and function in Centrarchidae hearing ability: Does otolith variation affect auditory responsiveness? THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 154:772-780. [PMID: 37563826 DOI: 10.1121/10.0020587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
There exists a wealth of knowledge on hearing ability in individual fish species, but the role of interspecific variation, and drivers behind it, remains understudied, making it difficult to understand evolutionary drivers. The current study quantified hearing thresholds for three species of sunfish in the family Centrarchidae [bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus), and rock bass (Ambloplites rupestris)] using auditory evoked potentials and behavioral trials and saccular otolith size and hair cell density. In auditory physiological experiments, 10-ms tone bursts were played and responses monitored to measure hearing. In behavioral experiments, fish were exposed to the same tone bursts for 1 s, and changes in fish behaviors were monitored. Saccular otolith morphology and hair cell densities were also quantified. Physiological thresholds varied between species, but behavioral thresholds did not. Rock bass had larger S:O ratio (percentage of the saccular otolith surface occupied by the sulcus), but no differences in hair cell densities were found. Our study allows for a direct comparison between confamilial species, allowing a deeper understanding of sound detection abilities and possible mechanisms driving differential hearing. Using both approaches also allows future research into how these species may be impacted by increasing levels of anthropogenic noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Bendig
- Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Grace M Dycha
- Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Elise M Bull
- Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Roselia Ayala-Osorio
- Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Dennis M Higgs
- Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
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5
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Maiditsch IP, Ladich F, Heß M, Schlepütz CM, Schulz-Mirbach T. Revealing sound-induced motion patterns in fish hearing structures in 4D: a standing wave tube-like setup designed for high-resolution time-resolved tomography. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:273722. [PMID: 34904652 PMCID: PMC8778803 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Modern bony fishes possess a high morphological diversity in their auditory structures and auditory capabilities. Yet, how auditory structures such as the otoliths in the inner ears and the swim bladder work together remains elusive. Gathering experimental evidence on the in situ motion of fish auditory structures while avoiding artifacts caused by surgical exposure of the structures has been challenging for decades. Synchrotron radiation-based tomography with high spatio-temporal resolution allows the study of morphofunctional issues non-invasively in an unprecedented way. We therefore aimed to develop an approach that characterizes the moving structures in 4D (=three spatial dimensions+time). We designed a miniature standing wave tube-like setup to meet both the requirements of tomography and those of tank acoustics. With this new setup, we successfully visualized the motion of isolated otoliths and the auditory structures in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and glass catfish (Kryptopterus vitreolus). Summary: To characterize the sound-induced motion of fish auditory structures in 4D, we developed a tomography-compatible standing wave tube-like setup and thereby demonstrated the previously hypothesized rotational motion of otophysan sagittae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle P Maiditsch
- University of Vienna, Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Ladich
- University of Vienna, Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Heß
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Department Biology II, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152Germany
| | | | - Tanja Schulz-Mirbach
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (LMU), Department Biology II, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152Germany
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6
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Mok HK, Wu SC, Sirisuary S, Fine ML. A sciaenid swim bladder with long skinny fingers produces sound with an unusual frequency spectrum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18619. [PMID: 33122793 PMCID: PMC7596079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Swim bladders in sciaenid fishes function in hearing in some and sound production in almost all species. Sciaenid swim bladders vary from simple carrot-shaped to two-chambered to possessing various diverticula. Diverticula that terminate close to the ears improve hearing. Other unusual diverticula heading in a caudal direction have not been studied. The fresh-water Asian species Boesemania microlepis has an unusual swim bladder with a slightly restricted anterior region and 6 long-slender caudally-directed diverticula bilaterally. We hypothesized that these diverticula modify sound spectra. Evening advertisement calls consist of a series of multicycle tonal pulses, but the fundamental frequency and first several harmonics are missing or attenuated, and peak frequencies are high, varying between < 1–2 kHz. The fundamental frequency is reflected in the pulse repetition rate and in ripples on the frequency spectrum but not in the number of cycles within a pulse. We suggest that diverticula function as Helmholz absorbers turning the swim bladder into a high-pass filter responsible for the absence of low frequencies typically present in sciaenid calls. Further, we hypothesize that the multicycle pulses are driven by the stretched aponeuroses (flat tendons that connect the sonic muscles to the swim bladder) in this and other sciaenids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hin-Kiu Mok
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C.,National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, 2 Houwan Road, Checheng, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shih-Chia Wu
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Lien-hai Rd., Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Soranuth Sirisuary
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Rd., Ladyaow Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Michael L Fine
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284-2012, USA.
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7
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Vetter BJ, Sisneros JA. Swim bladder enhances lagenar sensitivity to sound pressure and higher frequencies in female plainfin midshipman ( Porichthys notatus). J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb225177. [PMID: 32587068 PMCID: PMC7406320 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.225177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) is an established model for investigating acoustic communication because the reproductive success of this species is dependent on the production and reception of social acoustic signals. Previous work showed that female midshipman have swim bladders with rostral horn-like extensions that project close to the saccule and lagena, while nesting (type I) males lack such rostral swim bladder extensions. The relative close proximity of the swim bladder to the lagena should increase auditory sensitivity to sound pressure and higher frequencies. Here, we test the hypothesis that the swim bladder of female midshipman enhances lagenar sensitivity to sound pressure and higher frequencies. Evoked potentials were recorded from auditory hair cell receptors in the lagena in reproductive females with intact (control condition) and removed (treated condition) swim bladders while pure tone stimuli (85-1005 Hz) were presented by an underwater speaker. Females with intact swim bladders had auditory thresholds 3-6 dB lower than females without swim bladders over a range of frequencies from 85 to 405 Hz. At frequencies from 545 to 1005 Hz, only females with intact swim bladders had measurable auditory thresholds (150-153 dB re. 1 µPa). The higher percentage of evoked lagenar potentials recorded in control females at frequencies >505 Hz indicates that the swim bladder extends the bandwidth of detectable frequencies. These findings reveal that the swim bladders in female midshipman can enhance lagenar sensitivity to sound pressure and higher frequencies, which may be important for the detection of behaviorally relevant social signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke J Vetter
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
| | - Joseph A Sisneros
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7923, USA
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8
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Salas AK, Wilson PS, Fuiman LA. Ontogenetic change in predicted acoustic pressure sensitivity in larval red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.201962. [PMID: 31371400 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.201962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Detecting acoustic pressure can improve a fish's survival and fitness through increased sensitivity to environmental sounds. Pressure detection results from interactions between the swim bladder and otoliths. In larval fishes, those interactions change rapidly as growth and development alter bladder dimensions and otolith-bladder distance. We used computed tomography imagery of lab-reared larval red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) in a finite-element model to assess ontogenetic changes in acoustic pressure sensitivity in response to a plane wave at frequencies within the frequency range of hearing by fishes. We compared the acceleration at points on the sagitta, asteriscus and lapillus when the bladder was air filled with results from models using a water-filled bladder. For larvae of 8.5-18 mm in standard length, the air-filled bladder amplified simulated otolith motion by a factor of 54-3485 times that of a water-filled bladder at 100 Hz. Otolith-bladder distance increased with standard length, which decreased modeled amplification. The concomitant rapid increase in bladder volume partially compensated for the effect of increasing otolith-bladder distance. Calculated resonant frequency of the bladders was between 8750 and 4250 Hz, and resonant frequency decreased with increasing bladder volume. There was a relatively flat frequency dependence of these effects in the audible frequency range, but we found a small increase in amplification with increasing excitation frequency. Using idealized geometry, we found that the larval vertebrae and ribs have negligible influence on bladder motion. Our results help clarify the auditory consequences of ontogenetic changes in bladder morphology and otolith-bladder relationships during larval stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria K Salas
- The University of Texas at Austin, Integrative Biology Department, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Preston S Wilson
- The University of Texas at Austin, Mechanical Engineering Department, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Lee A Fuiman
- The University of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
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9
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Brown AD, Zeng R, Sisneros JA. Auditory evoked potentials of the plainfin midshipman fish ( Porichthys notatus): implications for directional hearing. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb198655. [PMID: 31292164 PMCID: PMC6703703 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.198655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus) is an acoustically communicative teleost fish. Here, we evaluated auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) in reproductive female midshipman exposed to tones at or near dominant frequencies of the male midshipman advertisement call. An initial series of experiments characterized AEPs at behaviorally relevant suprathreshold sound levels (130-140 dB SPL re. 1 µPa). AEPs decreased in magnitude with increasing stimulus frequency and featured a stereotyped component at twice the stimulus frequency. Recording electrode position was varied systematically and found to affect AEP magnitude and phase characteristics. Later experiments employed stimuli of a single frequency to evaluate contributions of the saccule to the AEP, with particular attention to the effects of sound source azimuth on AEP amplitude. Unilateral excision of saccular otoliths (sagittae) decreased AEP amplitude; unexpectedly, decreases differed for right versus left otolith excision. A final set of experiments manipulated the sound pressure-responsive swim bladder. Swim bladder excision further reduced the magnitude of AEP responses, effectively eliminating responses at the standard test intensity (130 dB SPL) in some animals. Higher-intensity stimulation yielded response minima at forward azimuths ipsilateral to the excised sagitta, but average cross-azimuth modulation generally remained slight. Collectively, the data underscore that electrode position is an essential variable to control in fish AEP studies and suggest that in female midshipman: (1) the saccule contributes to the AEP, but its directionality as indexed by the AEP is limited, (2) a left-right auditory asymmetry may exist and (3) the swim bladder provides gain in auditory sensitivity that may be important for advertisement call detection and phonotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Brown
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ruiyu Zeng
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Joseph A Sisneros
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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10
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Colleye O, Vetter BJ, Mohr RA, Seeley LH, Sisneros JA. Sexually dimorphic swim bladder extensions enhance the auditory sensitivity of female plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.204552. [PMID: 31221741 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.204552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus, is a seasonally breeding, nocturnal marine teleost fish that produces acoustic signals for intraspecific social communication. Females rely on audition to detect and locate 'singing' males that produce multiharmonic advertisement calls in the shallow-water, intertidal breeding environments. Previous work showed that females possess sexually dimorphic, horn-like rostral swim bladder extensions that extend toward the primary auditory end organs, the saccule and lagena. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the rostral swim bladder extensions in females increase auditory sensitivity to sound pressure and higher frequencies, which potentially could enhance mate detection and localization in shallow-water habitats. We recorded the auditory evoked potentials that originated from hair cell receptors in the saccule of control females with intact swim bladders and compared them with those from treated females (swim bladders removed) and type I males (intact swim bladders lacking rostral extensions). Saccular potentials were recorded from hair cell populations in vivo while behaviorally relevant pure-tone stimuli (75-1005 Hz) were presented by an underwater speaker. The results indicate that control females were approximately 5-11 dB re. 1 µPa more sensitive to sound pressure than treated females and type I males at the frequencies tested. A higher percentage of the evoked saccular potentials were recorded from control females at frequencies >305 Hz than from treated females and type I males. This enhanced sensitivity in females to sound pressure and higher frequencies may facilitate the acquisition of auditory information needed for conspecific localization and mate choice decisions during the breeding season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orphal Colleye
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA.,Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Liège, Institut de Chimie, Bât. B6c, Quartier Agora, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Brooke J Vetter
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
| | - Robert A Mohr
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
| | - Lane H Seeley
- Department of Physics, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA 98199-1997, USA
| | - Joseph A Sisneros
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA .,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA.,Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7923, USA
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11
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Schulz-Mirbach T, Ladich F, Plath M, Heß M. Enigmatic ear stones: what we know about the functional role and evolution of fish otoliths. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:457-482. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Schulz-Mirbach
- Department Biology II, Zoology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Großhaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Friedrich Ladich
- Department of Behavioural Biology; University of Vienna; Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Martin Plath
- College of Animal Science & Technology; Northwest A&F University; 22 Xinong Road, Yangling Shaanxi China
| | - Martin Heß
- Department Biology II, Zoology; Ludwig-Maximilians-University; Großhaderner Strasse 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany
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12
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Mohr RA, Whitchurch EA, Anderson RD, Forlano PM, Fay RR, Ketten DR, Cox TC, Sisneros JA. Intra- and Intersexual swim bladder dimorphisms in the plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus): Implications of swim bladder proximity to the inner ear for sound pressure detection. J Morphol 2017; 278:1458-1468. [PMID: 28691340 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus, is a nocturnal marine teleost that uses social acoustic signals for communication during the breeding season. Nesting type I males produce multiharmonic advertisement calls by contracting their swim bladder sonic muscles to attract females for courtship and spawning while subsequently attracting cuckholding type II males. Here, we report intra- and intersexual dimorphisms of the swim bladder in a vocal teleost fish and detail the swim bladder dimorphisms in the three sexual phenotypes (females, type I and II males) of plainfin midshipman fish. Micro-computerized tomography revealed that females and type II males have prominent, horn-like rostral swim bladder extensions that project toward the inner ear end organs (saccule, lagena, and utricle). The rostral swim bladder extensions were longer, and the distance between these swim bladder extensions and each inner-ear end organ type was significantly shorter in both females and type II males compared to that in type I males. Our results revealed that the normalized swim bladder length of females and type II males was longer than that in type I males while there was no difference in normalized swim bladder width among the three sexual phenotypes. We predict that these intrasexual and intersexual differences in swim bladder morphology among midshipman sexual phenotypes will afford greater sound pressure sensitivity and higher frequency detection in females and type II males and facilitate the detection and localization of conspecifics in shallow water environments, like those in which midshipman breed and nest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Mohr
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1525
| | | | - Ryan D Anderson
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, 98101
| | - Paul M Forlano
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, 11210
| | - Richard R Fay
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543
| | - Darlene R Ketten
- Boston University, Biomedical Engineering (Hearing Research Center) and Harvard Medical School, Otology and Laryngology, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115.,Biology Department, Wood Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543
| | - Timothy C Cox
- Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, 98101.,Department of Pediatrics (Craniofacial Medicine), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195.,Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Joseph A Sisneros
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195-1525.,Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195.,Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Seattle, Washington, 98195
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13
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Mann DA. Acoustic Communication in Fishes and Potential Effects of Noise. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 875:673-8. [PMID: 26611018 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Many soniferous fishes such as cods and groupers are commercially important. Sounds are produced during courtship and spawning, and there is the potential for aquatic noise to interfere with critical behaviors and affect populations. There are few data on the response of wild populations of sound-producing fishes to acoustic noise. New motion and sound exposure fish tags could be used to assess the behavioral responses of large numbers of fish to noise exposure. Many factors, such as fishing mortality and environmental variability in prey supply, could also affect populations and potentially interact with the behavioral responses to noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Mann
- Loggerhead Instruments, 6776 Palmer Park Circle, Sarasota, FL, 34238, USA.
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14
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Ladich F, Schulz-Mirbach T. Diversity in Fish Auditory Systems: One of the Riddles of Sensory Biology. Front Ecol Evol 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2016.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Fishy Hearing: A Short Biography of Arthur N. Popper, PhD. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 877:3-11. [PMID: 26515307 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21059-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biologist Dr. Arthur Popper's career spans decades, from his early work on comparative inner ear morphology in fishes to his recent interest in how underwater noise impacts aquatic vertebrates. Along the way Dr. Popper's research subjects span at least 19 vertebrate taxa, from lamprey to lungfish to humans, and he's had a profound influence in the field of fish bioacoustics. This brief biography describes some of Dr. Popper's many contributions to fish hearing research and highlights both some of his major discoveries and some of the biological mysteries he has yet to solve.
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Ladich F. Peripheral Hearing Structures in Fishes: Diversity and Sensitivity of Catfishes and Cichlids. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 877:321-40. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21059-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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17
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Kubicek KM, Conway KW. Developmental osteology ofSciaenops ocellatusandCynoscion nebulosus(Teleostei: Sciaenidae), economically important sciaenids from the western Atlantic. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kole M. Kubicek
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Kevin W. Conway
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
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Tricas TC, Boyle KS. Sound pressure enhances the hearing sensitivity of Chaetodon butterflyfishes on noisy coral reefs. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:1585-95. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.114264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Butterflyfishes are conspicuous members of coral reefs that communicate with acoustic signals during social interactions with mates and other conspecifics. Members of the genus Chaetodon have a laterophysic connection (LC), a unique association of anterior swim bladder horns and the cranial lateral line, but the action of the LC system on auditory sensitivity was previously unexplored. Baseline auditory evoked potential threshold experiments show that Forcipiger flavissimus (which lacks swim bladder horns and LC) is sensitive to sound tones from 100 Hz up to 1000 Hz, and that thresholds for three species of Chaetodon were 10-15 dB lower with extended hearing ranges up to 1700-2000 Hz. The relatively high thresholds to sound pressure and low pass response near 500 Hz for all four species is consistent with a primary sensitivity to hydrodynamic particle acceleration rather than sound pressure. Deflation of the swim bladder in Forcipiger had no measurable effect on auditory sensitivity. In contrast, displacement of gas from the swim bladder horns in C. multicinctus and C. auriga increased thresholds (decreased sensitivity) by approximately 10 dB with the greatest effect at 600 Hz. The evolution of swim bladder horns associated with the LC system in Chaetodon has increased hearing sensitivity through sound pressure transduction in the frequency bands used for social acoustic communication. The close affiliative behaviors that are common in Chaetodon and other butterflyfish species facilitate sound perception and acoustic communication at close distances relative to the high background noise levels found in their natural reef environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Tricas
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, 2538 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 USA
| | - Kelly S. Boyle
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, 2538 The Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 USA
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, 46-007 Lilipuna Road, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744 USA
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Edds‐Walton PL, Arruda J, Fay RR, Ketten DR. Computerized tomography of the otic capsule and otoliths in the oyster toadfish,
O
psanus tau. J Morphol 2014; 276:228-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peggy L. Edds‐Walton
- Biology DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole Massachusetts
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods Hole Massachusetts
| | - Julie Arruda
- Biology DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole Massachusetts
- Radiology DepartmentMassachusetts Eye and Ear InfirmaryBoston Massachusetts
| | - Richard R. Fay
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological LaboratoryWoods Hole Massachusetts
| | - Darlene R. Ketten
- Biology DepartmentWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods Hole Massachusetts
- Department of Otology and LaryngologyHarvard Medical SchoolBoston Massachusetts
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Ladich F. Fish bioacoustics. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014; 28:121-7. [PMID: 25062472 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bony fishes have evolved a diversity of sound generating mechanisms and produce a variety of sounds. By contrast to sound generating mechanisms, which are lacking in several taxa, all fish species possess inner ears for sound detection. Fishes may also have various accessory structures such as auditory ossicles to improve hearing. The distribution of sound generating mechanisms and accessory hearing structures among fishes indicates that acoustic communication was not the driving force in their evolution. It is proposed here that different constraints influenced hearing and sound production during fish evolution, namely certain life history traits (territoriality, mate attraction) in the case of sound generating mechanisms, and adaptation to different soundscapes (ambient noise conditions) in accessory hearing structures (Ecoacoustical constraints hypothesis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Ladich
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Schulz-Mirbach T, Ladich F, Plath M, Metscher BD, Heß M. Are accessory hearing structures linked to inner ear morphology? Insights from 3D orientation patterns of ciliary bundles in three cichlid species. Front Zool 2014; 11:25. [PMID: 24645675 PMCID: PMC3999956 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-11-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cichlid fishes show considerable diversity in swim bladder morphology. In members of the subfamily Etroplinae, the connection between anterior swim bladder extensions and the inner ears enhances sound transmission and translates into an improved hearing ability. We tested the hypothesis that those swim bladder modifications coincide with differences in inner ear morphology and thus compared Steatocranus tinanti (vestigial swim bladder), Hemichromis guttatus (large swim bladder without extensions), and Etroplus maculatus (intimate connection between swim bladder and inner ears). Methodology and results We applied immunostaining together with confocal imaging and scanning electron microscopy for the investigation of sensory epithelia, and high-resolution, contrast-enhanced microCT imaging for characterizing inner ears in 3D, and evaluated otolith dimensions. Compared to S. tinanti and H. guttatus, inner ears of E. maculatus showed an enlargement of all three maculae, and a particularly large lacinia of the macula utriculi. While our analysis of orientation patterns of ciliary bundles on the three macula types using artificially flattened maculae uncovered rather similar orientation patterns of ciliary bundles, interspecific differences became apparent when illustrating the orientation patterns on the 3D models of the maculae: differences in the shape and curvature of the lacinia of the macula utriculi, and the anterior arm of the macula lagenae resulted in an altered arrangement of ciliary bundles. Conclusions Our results imply that improved audition in E. maculatus is associated not only with swim bladder modifications but also with altered inner ear morphology. However, not all modifications in E. maculatus could be connected to enhanced auditory abilities, and so a potential improvement of the vestibular sense, among others, also needs to be considered. Our study highlights the value of analyzing orientation patterns of ciliary bundles in their intact 3D context in studies of inner ear morphology and physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Schulz-Mirbach
- Department Biology II, Zoology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Martinsried, Germany.
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22
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Kéver L, Colleye O, Herrel A, Romans P, Parmentier E. Hearing capacities and otolith size in two ophidiiform species (Ophidion rochei and Carapus acus). J Exp Biol 2014; 217:2517-25. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.105254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Numerous studies have highlighted the diversity of fish inner ear morphology. However, the function of shape, size, and orientation of the different structures remains poorly understood. The saccule (otolithic endorgan) is considered as the principal hearing organ in fishes and it has been hypothesized that sagitta (saccular otolith) shape and size affect hearing capacities: large sagittae are thought to increase sensitivity. The sagittae of many ophidiids and carapids occupy a large volume inside the neurocranium. Hence they are of great interest to test the size hypothesis. The main aim of this study was to investigate hearing capacities and inner ear morphology in two ophidiiform species: Ophidion rochei and Carapus acus. We used a multidisciplinary approach that combines dissections, μCT-scan examinations, and auditory evoked potential technique. Carapus acus and O. rochei sagittae have similar maximal diameter, both species have larger otoliths than many non-ophidiiform species especially compared to the intra-neurocranium (INC) volume. Both species are sensitive to sounds up to 2100 Hz. Relative to the skull, O. rochei had smaller sagittae than the carapid but better hearing capacities from 300 to 900 Hz and similar sensitivities at 150 Hz and from 1200 to 2100 Hz. Results show that hearing capacities of a fish species cannot be predicted only based on sagitta size. Larger otoliths (in size relative to the skull) may have evolved mainly for performing vestibular functions in fishes, especially those ones that need to execute precise and complex movements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pascal Romans
- Observatoire Océanologique-Laboratoire Arago, France
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23
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Selckmann GM, Ramcharitar J. Patterns of saccular afferent innervation in sciaenids. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2013; 83:699-706. [PMID: 23991887 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, saccular afferent arborization patterns in Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus, red drum Sciaenops ocellatus and spot Leiostomus xanthurus were characterized. Leiostomus xanthurus showed the simplest configuration while M. undulatus displayed the most complex. In addition, hair-cell densities at sites sampled along the rostro-caudal axis of the saccular epithelia correlated with the observed patterns of arborization.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Selckmann
- St Mary's College of Maryland, Department of Biology, 18952 E. Fisher Road, St Mary's City, MD 20686, USA
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Zebedin A, Ladich F. Does the hearing sensitivity in thorny catfishes depend on swim bladder morphology? PLoS One 2013; 8:e67049. [PMID: 23825615 PMCID: PMC3692464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thorny catfishes exhibit large variations in swim bladder morphology. These organs are of different sizes, forms and may have simple or branched diverticula. The swim bladder plays an important role in otophysans because it enhances their hearing sensitivity by transmitting sound pressure fluctuations via ossicles to the inner ear. Methodology/Principal Findings To investigate if a form-function relationship exists, the swim bladder morphology and hearing ability were analyzed in six species. The morphology was quantified by measuring the length, width and height and calculating a standardized swim bladder length (sSBL), which was then used to calculate the relative swim bladder length (rSBL). Hearing was measured using the auditory evoked potential (AEP) recording technique. Two species had simple apple-shaped and four species heart-shaped (cordiform) bladders. One of the latter species had short unbranched diverticula on the terminal margin, two had a secondary bladder and two had many long, branched diverticula. The rSBL differed significantly between most of the species. All species were able to detect frequencies between 70 Hz and 6 kHz, with lowest thresholds found between 0.5 and 1 kHz (60 dB re 1 µPa). Hearing curves were U-shaped except in Hemidoras morrisi in which it was ramp-like. Mean hearing thresholds of species possessing smaller rSBLs were slightly lower (maximum 8.5 dB) than those of species having larger rSBLs. Conclusions/Significance The current findings reveal a relationship between swim bladder form and its function among thorny catfishes. Relatively smaller swim bladders resulted in relatively better hearing. This is in contrast to a prior inter-familial study on catfishes in which species with large unpaired bladders possessed higher sensitivity at higher frequencies than species having tiny paired and encapsulated bladders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Zebedin
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Ladich
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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25
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A proposed mechanism for the observed ontogenetic improvement in the hearing ability of hapuka (Polyprion oxygeneios). J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2013; 199:653-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-013-0820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ladich F, Schulz-Mirbach T. Hearing in cichlid fishes under noise conditions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57588. [PMID: 23469032 PMCID: PMC3585214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hearing thresholds of fishes are typically acquired under laboratory conditions. This does not reflect the situation in natural habitats, where ambient noise may mask their hearing sensitivities. In the current study we investigate hearing in terms of sound pressure (SPL) and particle acceleration levels (PAL) of two cichlid species within the naturally occurring range of noise levels. This enabled us to determine whether species with and without hearing specializations are differently affected by noise. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated auditory sensitivities in the orange chromide Etroplus maculatus, which possesses anterior swim bladder extensions, and the slender lionhead cichlid Steatocranus tinanti, in which the swim bladder is much smaller and lacks extensions. E. maculatus was tested between 0.2 and 3kHz and S. tinanti between 0.1 and 0.5 kHz using the auditory evoked potential (AEP) recording technique. In both species, SPL and PAL audiograms were determined in the presence of quiet laboratory conditions (baseline) and continuous white noise of 110 and 130 dB RMS. Baseline thresholds showed greatest hearing sensitivity around 0.5 kHz (SPL) and 0.2 kHz (PAL) in E. maculatus and 0.2 kHz in S. tinanti. White noise of 110 dB elevated the thresholds by 0–11 dB (SPL) and 7–11 dB (PAL) in E. maculatus and by 1–2 dB (SPL) and by 1–4 dB (PAL) in S. tinanti. White noise of 130 dB elevated hearing thresholds by 13–29 dB (SPL) and 26–32 dB (PAL) in E. maculatus and 6–16 dB (SPL) and 6–19 dB (PAL) in S. tinanti. Conclusions Our data showed for the first time for SPL and PAL thresholds that the specialized species was masked by different noise regimes at almost all frequencies, whereas the non-specialized species was much less affected. This indicates that noise can limit sound detection and acoustic orientation differently within a single fish family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Ladich
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Ladich F, Fay RR. Auditory evoked potential audiometry in fish. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2013; 23:317-364. [PMID: 26366046 PMCID: PMC4560088 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-012-9297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A recent survey lists more than 100 papers utilizing the auditory evoked potential (AEP) recording technique for studying hearing in fishes. More than 95 % of these AEP-studies were published after Kenyon et al. introduced a non-invasive electrophysiological approach in 1998 allowing rapid evaluation of hearing and repeated testing of animals. First, our review compares AEP hearing thresholds to behaviorally gained thresholds. Second, baseline hearing abilities are described and compared in 111 fish species out of 51 families. Following this, studies investigating the functional significance of various accessory hearing structures (Weberian ossicles, swim bladder, otic bladders) by eliminating these morphological structures in various ways are dealt with. Furthermore, studies on the ontogenetic development of hearing are summarized. The AEP-technique was frequently used to study the effects of high sound/noise levels on hearing in particular by measuring the temporary threshold shifts after exposure to various noise types (white noise, pure tones and anthropogenic noises). In addition, the hearing thresholds were determined in the presence of noise (white, ambient, ship noise) in several studies, a phenomenon termed masking. Various ecological (e.g., temperature, cave dwelling), genetic (e.g., albinism), methodical (e.g., ototoxic drugs, threshold criteria, speaker choice) and behavioral (e.g., dominance, reproductive status) factors potentially influencing hearing were investigated. Finally, the technique was successfully utilized to study acoustic communication by comparing hearing curves with sound spectra either under quiet conditions or in the presence of noise, by analyzing the temporal resolution ability of the auditory system and the detection of temporal, spectral and amplitude characteristics of conspecific vocalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friedrich Ladich
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard R. Fay
- Marine Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
- 179 Woods Hole Rd., Falmouth, MA 02540 USA
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Ladich F. Diversity in Hearing in Fishes: Ecoacoustical, Communicative, and Developmental Constraints. INSIGHTS FROM COMPARATIVE HEARING RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/2506_2013_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Schulz-Mirbach T, Metscher B, Ladich F. Relationship between swim bladder morphology and hearing abilities--a case study on Asian and African cichlids. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42292. [PMID: 22879934 PMCID: PMC3413697 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several teleost species have evolved anterior extensions of the swim bladder which come close to or directly contact the inner ears. A few comparative studies have shown that these morphological specializations may enhance hearing abilities. This study investigates the diversity of swim bladder morphology in four Asian and African cichlid species and analyzes how this diversity affects their hearing sensitivity. Methodology/Principal Findings We studied swim bladder morphology by dissections and by making 3D reconstructions from high-resolution microCT scans. The auditory sensitivity was determined in terms of sound pressure levels (SPL) and particle acceleration levels (PAL) using the auditory evoked potential (AEP) recording technique. The swim bladders in Hemichromis guttatus and Steatocranus tinanti lacked anterior extensions and the swim bladder was considerably small in the latter species. In contrast, Paratilapia polleni and especially Etroplus maculatus possessed anterior extensions bringing the swim bladder close to the inner ears. All species were able to detect frequencies up to 3 kHz (SPL) except S. tinanti which only responded to frequencies up to 0.7 kHz. P. polleni and E. maculatus showed significantly higher auditory sensitivities at 0.5 and 1 kHz than the two species lacking anterior swim bladder extensions. The highest auditory sensitivities were found in E. maculatus, which possessed the most intimate swim bladder-inner ear relationship (maximum sensitivity 66 dB re 1 µPa at 0.5 kHz). Conclusions Our results indicate that anterior swim bladder extensions seem to improve mean absolute auditory sensitivities by 21–42 dB (SPLs) and 21–36 dB (PALs) between 0.5 and 1 kHz. Besides anterior extensions, the size of the swim bladder appears to be an important factor for extending the detectable frequency range (up to 3 kHz).
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Parmentier E, Mann K, Mann D. Hearing and morphological specializations of the mojarra (Eucinostomus argenteus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 214:2697-701. [PMID: 21795565 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.058750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The air-filled swimbladder acts as an acoustic amplifier for some fish by converting sound pressure into particle motion, which is transmitted to the inner ear. Here, we describe in detail the specialized connection between the swimbladder and ear in the mojarra, as well as a modified cone on the anal fin in which the posterior end of the swimbladder sits. Hearing tests show the mojarra has better hearing sensitivity than other species of fish without a connection. However, mojarras do not seem to use this adaptation for communication. Furthermore, the inclined position of the swimbladder may help the fish to catch their prey more easily, as the swimbladder will be horizontal when they are picking up benthic prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Parmentier
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Institut de chimie, Bât. B6, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Locascio JV, Mann DA. Localization and source level estimates of black drum (Pogonias cromis) calls. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2011; 130:1868-1879. [PMID: 21973341 DOI: 10.1121/1.3621514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A four hydrophone linear array was used to localize calling black drum and estimate source levels and signal propagation. A total of 1025 source level estimates averaged 165 dB(RMS) relative (re:) 1 μPa (standard deviation (SD)=1.0). The authors suggest that the diverticulated morphology of the black drum swimbladder increase the bladder's surface area, thus contributing to sound amplitude. Call energy was greatest in the fundamental frequency (94 Hz) followed by the second (188 Hz) and third harmonics (282 Hz). A square root model best described propagation of the entire call, and separately the fundamental frequency and second harmonic. A logarithmic model best described propagation of the third harmonic which was the only component to satisfy the cut-off frequency equation. Peak auditory sensitivity was 300 Hz at a 94 dB re: 1 μPa threshold based on auditory evoked potential measurements of a single black drum. Based on mean RMS source level, signal propagation, background levels, and hearing sensitivity, the communication range of black drum was estimated at 33-108 m and was limited by background levels not auditory sensitivity. This estimate assumed the source and receiver were at approximately 0.5 m above the bottom. Consecutive calls of an individual fish localized over 59 min demonstrated a mean calling period of 3.6 s (SD=0.48), mean swimming speed of 0.5 body lengths/s, and a total distance swam of 1035 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- James V Locascio
- University of South Florida College of Marine Science, 140 Seventh Avenue South, Saint Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.
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32
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Popper AN, Fay RR. Rethinking sound detection by fishes. Hear Res 2011; 273:25-36. [PMID: 20034550 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2009.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ramcharitar J, Selckmann GM. Differential ablation of sensory receptors underlies ototoxin-induced shifts in auditory thresholds of the goldfish (Carassius auratus). J Appl Toxicol 2011; 30:536-41. [PMID: 20809542 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, fish models have become popular for investigations of ototoxic agents. However, the vast majority of such studies have focused on anatomical changes in lateral line hair cells after drug administration. Using the goldfish (Carassius auratus), we confirm that the acquisition of auditory evoked potentials offers a rapid and non-invasive method for quantifying ototoxin-induced changes in hearing sensitivity. Gentamicin (100 mg ml(-1)) was the drug of choice as it is a well-studied human ototoxin. Auditory threshold elevation was observed between 300 and 600 Hz and was accompanied by significant reductions in hair cell ciliary bundle densities in specific regions of the utricle and saccule. The correlations between structure and function suggest that differential susceptibility of sensory hair cells to acute gentamicin treatment underlies the frequency-specific elevation of auditory thresholds. We propose that fish auditory systems should be used alongside the lateral line, for the assessment of ototoxicity in new-developed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ramcharitar
- St Mary's College of Maryland, Department of Biology, 18952 E. Fisher Road, St Mary's City, MD 20686, USA.
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Deng X, Wagner HJ, Popper AN. The Inner Ear and its Coupling to the Swim Bladder in the Deep-Sea Fish Antimora rostrata (Teleostei: Moridae). DEEP-SEA RESEARCH. PART I, OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS 2011; 58:27-37. [PMID: 21532967 PMCID: PMC3082141 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The inner ear structure of Antimora rostrata and its coupling to the swim bladder were analyzed and compared with the inner ears of several shallow-water species that also have similar coupling. The inner ear of Antimora has a long saccular otolith and sensory epithelium as compared to many other fishes. Some parts of the membranous labyrinth are thick and rigid, while other parts are thinner but attached tightly to the bony capsule. The partially rigid membranous labyrinth, along with its intimate connection to the swim bladder, may help the inner ear follow the sound oscillations from the swim bladder with better precision than would occur in a less rigid inner ear. In addition, the saccular sensory epithelium has an elaborate structure and an anterior enlargement that may be correlated with increased hearing sensitivity. Some of the features in the inner ear of Antimora may reflect the functional specialization of deep-water living and support the hypothesis that there is enhanced inner ear sensitivity in some deep-sea fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Deng
- Department of Biology, Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing, Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Ramcharitar JU, Brack CL. Physiological dimensions of ototoxic responses in a model fish species. J Clin Neurosci 2009; 17:103-6. [PMID: 20004583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 08/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical agents known to be toxic to the human auditory system also impair sensory hair cells of teleosts, and this supports the use of fish models for the screening of such compounds. However, previous investigations have focused almost exclusively on anatomical changes after drug administration without assessing macro-level physiological effects. Using the goldfish (Carassius auratus), we demonstrate that the acquisition of auditory evoked potentials offers a rapid and non-invasive means for tracking ototoxin-induced shifts in auditory thresholds. Gentamicin (100mg/mL) was the agent of choice as it is an extensively-studied human ototoxin. Significant shifts (p<0.05) in hearing sensitivity were observed between 300 Hz and 600 Hz and these shifts depended on acoustic pressure, but not particle motion. This differential elevation of auditory thresholds may be caused by impairment of specific populations of auditory sensory hair cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- John U Ramcharitar
- Department of Biology, St Mary's College of Maryland, 18952 E Fisher Road, St Mary's City, Maryland 20686, USA.
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Ladich F, Wysocki LE. Does speaker presentation affect auditory evoked potential thresholds in goldfish? Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 154:341-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wysocki LE, Codarin A, Ladich F, Picciulin M. Sound pressure and particle acceleration audiograms in three marine fish species from the Adriatic Sea. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2009; 126:2100-7. [PMID: 19813819 DOI: 10.1121/1.3203562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Fishes show great variability in hearing sensitivity, bandwidth, and the appropriate stimulus component for the inner ear (particle motion or pressure). Here, hearing sensitivities in three vocal marine species belonging to different families were described in terms of sound pressure and particle acceleration. In particular, hearing sensitivity to tone bursts of varying frequencies were measured in the red-mouthed goby Gobius cruentatus, the Mediterranean damselfish Chromis chromis, and the brown meagre Sciaena umbra using the non-invasive auditory evoked potential-recording technique. Hearing thresholds were measured in terms of sound pressure level and particle acceleration level in the three Cartesian directions using a newly developed miniature pressure-acceleration sensor. The brown meagre showed the broadest hearing range (up to 3000 Hz) and the best hearing sensitivity, both in terms of sound pressure and particle acceleration. The red-mouthed goby and the damselfish were less sensitive, with upper frequency limits of 700 and 600 Hz, respectively. The low auditory thresholds and the large hearing bandwidth of S. umbra indicate that sound pressure may play a role in S. umbra's hearing, even though pronounced connections between the swim bladder and the inner ears are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Eva Wysocki
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Xiao J, Braun CB. Objective threshold estimation and measurement of the residual background noise in auditory evoked potentials of goldfish. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2008; 124:3053-63. [PMID: 19045791 PMCID: PMC2677356 DOI: 10.1121/1.2982366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A survey of papers using auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) published over the last 10 years (Table I) demonstrates that most AEP studies in animals have used subjective methods for auditory threshold determination. Subjective methods greatly reduce the value of statistical hypothesis testing and jeopardize tests of hypothetical experimental group differences in hearing sensitivity. Correspondingly, many attempts have been made to develop objective threshold determination methods, but these have not been used widely. Further, they seldom include an appreciation of the effects of residual noise in the AEP. In this study, AEPs evoked by tonal and noise stimuli in goldfish (Carassius auratus) were recorded and the residual background noise was measured and analyzed in detail. High variability was found in residual noise, but can be effectively controlled with a simple modification of averaging routines. Considerable interobserver disagreements were found using subjective threshold estimation. An objective method of threshold determination was developed based on comparison between AEP amplitude and controlled residual noise, using a signal detection theory approach to set specific threshold criteria. The usefulness of AEP in hypothesis testing for auditory function requires more control over residual background noise amplitudes and the use of objective threshold determination techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Xiao
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, The City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York City, New York 10021, USA
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Lechner W, Ladich F. Size matters: diversity in swimbladders and Weberian ossicles affects hearing in catfishes. J Exp Biol 2008; 211:1681-9. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.016436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYOtophysine fish possess Weberian ossicles, which connect the swimbladder to the inner ear and improve hearing ability. There is a high diversity in the morphology of the swimbladder and Weberian apparatus in catfishes, which might affect hearing. We have examined these structures in representatives of six families with large, single bladders (Ariidae, Auchenipteridae, Heptapteridae,Malapteruridae, Mochokidae, Pseudopimelodidae) and five subfamilies from two families (Callichthyidae, Loricariidae) having small, paired, encapsulated bladders. We tested their hearing abilities utilizing the non-invasive auditory evoked potential recording technique. Species with single,non-encapsulated, free airbladders possess one, three or four ossicles,whereas species with encapsulated bladders possess one or two. The relative sizes of the bladders and ossicles were significantly smaller in the latter group. All species were able to detect sound stimuli between 50 Hz and 5 kHz. Interspecific differences in hearing sensitivity varied at most by 24 dB below 1 kHz, whilst this variation increased to more than 50 dB at higher frequencies. Catfishes with free bladders had lower thresholds above 1 kHz than those having encapsulated ones. The relative lengths of swimbladders and of ossicular chains were correlated with hearing sensitivity above 1 and 2 kHz, respectively. The number of ossicles affected hearing at 4 and 5 kHz. These results indicate that larger bladders and ossicles as well as higher ossicle numbers improve hearing ability at higher frequencies in catfishes. We furthermore assume that the tiny bladders have minimized their hydrostatic function but were not completely lost because of their auditory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Lechner
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Ladich
- Department of Behavioural Biology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Horodysky AZ, Brill RW, Fine ML, Musick JA, Latour RJ. Acoustic pressure and particle motion thresholds in six sciaenid fishes. J Exp Biol 2008; 211:1504-11. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.016196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYSciaenid fishes are important models of fish sound production, but investigations into their auditory abilities are limited to acoustic pressure measurements on five species. In this study, we used auditory brainstem response (ABR) to assess the pressure and particle acceleration thresholds of six sciaenid fishes commonly found in Chesapeake Bay, eastern USA: weakfish(Cynoscion regalis), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus),Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) and northern kingfish(Menticirrhus saxatilis). Experimental subjects were presented with pure 10 ms tone bursts in 100 Hz steps from 100 Hz to 1.2 kHz using an airborne speaker. Sound stimuli, monitored with a hydrophone and geophone,contained both pressure and particle motion components. Sound pressure and particle acceleration thresholds varied significantly among species and between frequencies; audiograms were notably flatter for acceleration than pressure at low frequencies. Thresholds of species with diverticulae projecting anteriorly from their swim bladders (weakfish, spotted seatrout,and Atlantic croaker) were typically but not significantly lower than those of species lacking such projections (red drum, spot, northern kingfish). Sciaenids were most sensitive at low frequencies that overlap the peak frequencies of their vocalizations. Auditory thresholds of these species were used to estimate idealized propagation distances of sciaenid vocalizations in coastal and estuarine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrij Z. Horodysky
- Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Richard W. Brill
- Cooperative Marine Education and Research Program, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Michael L. Fine
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA,USA
| | - John A. Musick
- Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
| | - Robert J. Latour
- Department of Fisheries Science, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA
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