1
|
Rogers LS, Lozier NR, Sapozhnikova YP, Diamond KM, Davis JL, Sisneros JA. Functional plasticity of the swim bladder as an acoustic organ for communication in a vocal fish. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231839. [PMID: 38087920 PMCID: PMC10716664 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Teleost fishes have evolved a number of sound-producing mechanisms, including vibrations of the swim bladder. In addition to sound production, the swim bladder also aids in sound reception. While the production and reception of sound by the swim bladder has been described separately in fishes, the extent to which it operates for both in a single species is unknown. Here, using morphological, electrophysiological and modelling approaches, we show that the swim bladder of male plainfin midshipman fish (Porichthys notatus) exhibits reproductive state-dependent changes in morphology and function for sound production and reception. Non-reproductive males possess rostral 'horn-like' swim bladder extensions that enhance low-frequency (less than 800 Hz) sound pressure sensitivity by decreasing the distance between the swim bladder and inner ear, thus enabling pressure-induced swim bladder vibrations to be transduced to the inner ear. By contrast, reproductive males display enlarged swim bladder sonic muscles that enable the production of advertisement calls but also alter swim bladder morphology and increase the swim bladder to inner ear distance, effectively reducing sound pressure sensitivity. Taken together, we show that the swim bladder exhibits a seasonal functional plasticity that allows it to effectively mediate both the production and reception of sound in a vocal teleost fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yulia P. Sapozhnikova
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Laboratory of Ichthyology, Limnological Institute Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Kelly M. Diamond
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Julian Ly Davis
- Department of Engineering, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, IN, USA
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph A. Sisneros
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Abreu Rezende YG, Queiroz MB, Young RJ, da Silva Vasconcellos A. Behavioural effects of noise on Linnaeus's two-toed sloth ( Choloepus didactylus) in a walk-through enclosure. Anim Welf 2023; 32:e40. [PMID: 38487410 PMCID: PMC10936293 DOI: 10.1017/awf.2023.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise has been related to stress in captive animals; despite this there have been few studies on animal welfare assessment in walk-through zoo enclosures. We aimed to investigate the behavioural effects of noise on a male-female pair of two-toed sloths (Choloepus didactylus), housed in a walk-through enclosure in a zoo in the UK. The animals were filmed for 24 h per day, during three days per week, including days with potential low and high flow of visitors, for three weeks. Sound pressure measurement was performed four times each collection day (twice in the morning, once at noon and once in the afternoon), for 15 min per session, using a sound level meter. The number of visitors passing the enclosure during each session was also recorded. The videos were analysed using focal sampling, with continuous recording of behaviour. Correlations between noise and the behaviours expressed during, and in the 24 h after the acoustic recording, were investigated. The number of visitors correlated with the acoustic parameters. At the moment of exposure, higher levels of noise correlated with decreased inactivity, and longer expression of locomotion and maintenance behaviours for the male; the female spent more time inside a box in these moments. During the 24 h hours after exposure to loud noise, the female showed no behavioural changes while the male tended to reduce foraging. The behavioural changes observed in both individuals have already been reported in other species, in response to stressful events. Our study indicates the need for a good acoustic management in walk-through zoo enclosures where sloths are housed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Bonde Queiroz
- School of Science, Engineering and the Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, GB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Robert John Young
- School of Science, Engineering and the Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, GB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Zebrafish, like all fish species, use sound to learn about their environment. Thus, human-generated (anthropogenic) sound added to the environment has the potential to disrupt the detection of biologically relevant sounds, alter behavior, impact fitness, and produce stress and other effects that can alter the well-being of animals. This review considers the bioacoustics of zebrafish in the laboratory with two goals. First, we discuss zebrafish hearing and the problems and issues that must be considered in any studies to get a clear understanding of hearing capabilities. Second, we focus on the potential effects of sounds in the tank environment and its impact on zebrafish physiology and health. To do this, we discuss underwater acoustics and the very specialized acoustics of fish tanks, in which zebrafish live and are studied. We consider what is known about zebrafish hearing and what is known about the potential impacts of tank acoustics on zebrafish and their well-being. We conclude with suggestions regarding the major gaps in what is known about zebrafish hearing as well as questions that must be explored to better understand how well zebrafish tolerate and deal with the acoustic world they live in within laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur N Popper
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph A Sisneros
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rodríguez-Montaño VM, Beira-Jiménez JL, Puyana-Romero V, Cueto-Ancela JL, Hernández-Molina R, Fernández-Zacarías F. Acoustic conditioning of the neonatal incubator compartment: Improvement proposal. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:955553. [PMID: 36160787 PMCID: PMC9493257 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.955553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work focuses on the study of the main sources of noise associated with incubators and the acoustic effects that derive from them. The method that has been established is based on tests carried out under different operating conditions of the incubators. Noise levels are analyzed under different boundary conditions (Neonatal ICU and "Controlled environment rooms"). Under normal operating conditions, the levels inside the incubator are around 56 dB (A), values that exceed the maximum limits recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics. The scope of this study is to evaluate the existing noise levels in the incubator and analyze possible design improvements. The study was carried out in the hospitals of Cádiz, Huelva, and Malaga.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Virginia Puyana-Romero
- Acoustic Engineering Laboratory, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Acoustic Environments Research Group, Department of Sound and Acoustic Engineering, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Staud R, Godfrey MM, Robinson ME. Fibromyalgia Patients Are Not Only Hypersensitive to Painful Stimuli But Also to Acoustic Stimuli. J Pain 2021; 22:914-925. [PMID: 33636370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fibromyalgia is a chronic widespread pain syndrome associated with hypersensitivity to nociceptive stimuli. This increased sensitivity of FM patients has been associated with central sensitization of dorsal horn neurons. Increasing evidence, however, suggests that the mechanisms of FM hypersensitivity not only affect pain but include light, smell, and sound. We hypothesized that supraspinal augmentation of sensory input including sound represent a hallmark of FM. We tested 23 FM patients and 28 healthy controls (HC) for sensory augmentation of nociceptive and non-nociceptive sensations: For assessment of nociceptive augmentation we used sensitivity adjusted mechanical and heat ramp & hold stimuli and for assessment of sound augmentation, we applied wideband noise stimuli using a random-staircase design. Quantitative sensory testing demonstrated increased heat and mechanical pain sensitivity in FM participants (P < .001). The sound pressures needed to report mild, moderate, and intense sound levels were significantly lower in FM compared to HC (P < .001), consistent with auditory augmentation. FM patients are not only augmenting noxious sensations but also sound, suggesting that FM augmentation mechanisms are not only operant in the spinal cord but also in the brain. Whether the central nervous system mechanisms for auditory and nociceptive augmentation are similar, needs to be determined in future studies. PERSPECTIVE: This study presents QST evidence that the hypersensitivity of FM patients is not limited to painful stimuli but also to innocuous stimuli like sound. Our results suggest that abnormal brain mechanisms may be responsible for the increased sensitivity of FM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Staud
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
| | | | - Michael E Robinson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Park J, Lee S, Brotherton K, Um D, Park J. Identification of Speech Characteristics to Distinguish Human Personality of Introversive and Extroversive Male Groups. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E2125. [PMID: 32210035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
According to the similarity-attraction theory, humans respond more positively to people who are similar in personality. This observation also holds true between humans and robots, as shown by recent studies that examined human-robot interactions. Thus, it would be conducive for robots to be able to capture the user personality and adjust the interactional patterns accordingly. The present study is intended to identify significant speech characteristics such as sound and lexical features between the two different personality groups (introverts vs. extroverts), so that a robot can distinguish a user's personality by observing specific speech characteristics. Twenty-four male participants took the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test for personality screening. The speech data of those participants (identified as 12 introvertive males and 12 extroversive males through the MBTI test) were recorded while they were verbally responding to the eight Walk-in-the-Wood questions. After that, speech, sound, and lexical features were extracted. Averaged reaction time (1.200 s for introversive and 0.762 s for extroversive; p = 0.01) and total reaction time (9.39 s for introversive and 6.10 s for extroversive; p = 0.008) showed significant differences between the two groups. However, averaged pitch frequency, sound power, and lexical features did not show significant differences between the two groups. A binary logistic regression developed to classify two different personalities showed 70.8% of classification accuracy. Significant speech features between introversive and extroversive individuals have been identified, and a personality classification model has been developed. The identified features would be applicable for designing or programming a social robot to promote human-robot interaction by matching the robot's behaviors toward a user's personality estimated.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sajja VSSS, LaValle C, Salib JE, Misistia AC, Ghebremedhin MY, Ramos AN, Egnoto MJ, Long JB, Kamimori GH. The Role of Very Low Level Blast Overpressure in Symptomatology. Front Neurol 2019; 10:891. [PMID: 31555194 PMCID: PMC6722183 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blast overpressure exposure has been linked to transient, but measurably deteriorated performance and symptomatologies in law enforcement and military personnel. Overlapping sub-concussive symptomatology associated with the very low level blast overpressures (vLLB) but high sound pressure (<3 psi) associated with these exposures has largely been ignored. Notably, the current vLLB or acoustic literature has focused exclusively on auditory defects, and has not addressed the broader concerns of Soldier health and readiness. This work was prompted by reports of symptomatology such as headache, nausea, slowed reaction time, and balance/hearing complications among personnel undergoing frequent exposures to low overpressure accompanied by high acoustic pressures. To more fully address the consequences associated with low overpressure exposures (<3 psi), a pilot proof-of-concept study was implemented, and data was acquired at two sites on the Fort Benning grenade course range. Findings indicated overpressures ranged from 0.14 to 0.42 psi (0.97–2.89 kPa) at range 1 and 0.22–0.30 psi (1.52–2.07 kPa) on range 2 of the grenade course. Corresponding sound-meter data varied from 153.72 to 163.22 dBP. Headache and long think were the most frequently reported symptoms (3/6 instructors), with lightheadedness, ringing of the ears, restlessness, frustration, and irritability also increasing in 2/6 of the instructors post exposure. Long think (prolonged thinking), ringing of the ears, restlessness, and irritability were the most severe symptoms, with the highest reported post exposure value rating a 3 on the 0–4-point scale. We demonstrate that low-level repeated overpressure exposure can result in transient symptomatology that overlaps with sub-concussive like effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina LaValle
- Blast-Induced NeuroTrauma Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan E Salib
- Blast-Induced NeuroTrauma Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Anthony C Misistia
- Blast-Induced NeuroTrauma Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Meron Y Ghebremedhin
- Blast-Induced NeuroTrauma Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Alejandro N Ramos
- Blast-Induced NeuroTrauma Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Michael Joseph Egnoto
- Blast-Induced NeuroTrauma Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Joseph B Long
- Blast-Induced NeuroTrauma Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Gary H Kamimori
- Blast-Induced NeuroTrauma Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Motomura E, Inui K, Kawano Y, Nishihara M, Okada M. Effects of Sound-Pressure Change on the 40 Hz Auditory Steady-State Response and Change-Related Cerebral Response. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9080203. [PMID: 31426410 PMCID: PMC6721352 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9080203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The auditory steady-state response (ASSR) elicited by a periodic sound stimulus is a neural oscillation recorded by magnetoencephalography (MEG), which is phase-locked to the repeated sound stimuli. This ASSR phase alternates after an abrupt change in the feature of a periodic sound stimulus and returns to its steady-state value. An abrupt change also elicits a MEG component peaking at approximately 100-180 ms (called "Change-N1m"). We investigated whether both the ASSR phase deviation and Change-N1m were affected by the magnitude of change in sound pressure. The ASSR and Change-N1m to 40 Hz click-trains (1000 ms duration, 70 dB), with and without an abrupt change (± 5, ± 10, or ± 15 dB) were recorded in ten healthy subjects. We used the source strength waveforms obtained by a two-dipole model for measurement of the ASSR phase deviation and Change-N1m values (peak amplitude and latency). As the magnitude of change increased, Change-N1m increased in amplitude and decreased in latency. Similarly, ASSR phase deviation depended on the magnitude of sound-pressure change. Thus, we suspect that both Change-N1m and the ASSR phase deviation reflect the sensitivity of the brain's neural change-detection system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eishi Motomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Koji Inui
- Department of Functioning and Disability, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishihara
- Multidisciplinary Pain Center, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Motohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Davidsen JG, Dong H, Linné M, Andersson MH, Piper A, Prystay TS, Hvam EB, Thorstad EB, Whoriskey F, Cooke SJ, Sjursen AD, Rønning L, Netland TC, Hawkins AD. Effects of sound exposure from a seismic airgun on heart rate, acceleration and depth use in free-swimming Atlantic cod and saithe. Conserv Physiol 2019; 7:coz020. [PMID: 31110769 PMCID: PMC6521782 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Airguns used for offshore seismic exploration by the oil and gas industry contribute to globally increasing anthropogenic noise levels in the marine environment. There is concern that the omnidirectional, high intensity sound pulses created by airguns may alter fish physiology and behaviour. A controlled short-term field experiment was performed to investigate the effects of sound exposure from a seismic airgun on the physiology and behaviour of two socioeconomically and ecologically important marine fishes: the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and saithe (Pollachius virens). Biologgers recording heart rate and body temperature and acoustic transmitters recording locomotory activity (i.e. acceleration) and depth were used to monitor free-swimming individuals during experimental sound exposures (18-60 dB above ambient). Fish were held in a large sea cage (50 m diameter; 25 m depth) and exposed to sound exposure trials over a 3-day period. Concurrently, the behaviour of untagged cod and saithe was monitored using video recording. The cod exhibited reduced heart rate (bradycardia) in response to the particle motion component of the sound from the airgun, indicative of an initial flight response. No behavioural startle response to the airgun was observed; both cod and saithe changed both swimming depth and horizontal position more frequently during sound production. The saithe became more dispersed in response to the elevated sound levels. The fish seemed to habituate both physiologically and behaviourally with repeated exposure. In conclusion, the sound exposures induced over the time frames used in this study appear unlikely to be associated with long-term alterations in physiology or behaviour. However, additional research is needed to fully understand the ecological consequences of airgun use in marine ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan G Davidsen
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Corresponding author: NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway. Tel: +47 9246 4314.
| | - Hefeng Dong
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Markus Linné
- FOI, Swedish Defence Research Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Adam Piper
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya S Prystay
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Eva B Thorstad
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Steven J Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Aslak D Sjursen
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lars Rønning
- NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tim C Netland
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim CS, Lee KE, Lee JM, Kim SO, Cho BJ, Choi JW. Application of N-Doped Three-Dimensional Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel to Thin Film Loudspeaker. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:22295-22300. [PMID: 27532328 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We built a thermoacoustic loudspeaker employing N-doped three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide aerogel (N-rGOA) based on a simple template-free fabrication method. A two-step fabrication process, which includes freeze-drying and reduction/doping, was used to realize a three-dimensional, freestanding, and porous graphene-based loudspeaker, whose macroscopic structure can be easily modulated. The simplified fabrication process also allows the control of structural properties of the N-rGOAs, including density and area. Taking advantage of the facile fabrication process, we fabricated and analyzed thermoacoustic loudspeakers with different structural properties. The anlayses showed that a N-rGOA with lower density and larger area can produce a higher sound pressure level (SPL). Furthermore, the resistance of the proposed loudspeaker can be easily controlled through heteroatom doping, thereby helping to generate higher SPL per unit driving voltage. Our success in constructing an array of optimized N-rGOAs able to withstand input power as high as 40 W demonstrates that a practical thermoacoustic loudspeaker can be fabricated using the proposed mass-producible solution-based process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Choong Sun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative (CRI) Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Material Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative (CRI) Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Material Science and Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Jin Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Woo Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST , Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Song J, Xue C, He C, Zhang R, Mu L, Cui J, Miao J, Liu Y, Zhang W. Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (CMUTs) for Underwater Imaging Applications. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:23205-17. [PMID: 26389902 PMCID: PMC4610594 DOI: 10.3390/s150923205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer structure for use in underwater imaging is designed, fabricated and tested in this paper. In this structure, a silicon dioxide insulation layer is inserted between the top electrodes and the vibration membrane to prevent ohmic contact. The capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristic curve shows that the transducer offers suitable levels of hysteresis and repeatability performance. The -6 dB center frequency is 540 kHz and the transducer has a bandwidth of 840 kHz for a relative bandwidth of 155%. Underwater pressure of 143.43 Pa is achieved 1 m away from the capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer under 20 Vpp excitation. Two-dimensional underwater ultrasonic imaging, which is able to prove that a rectangular object is present underwater, is achieved. The results presented here indicate that our work will be highly beneficial for the establishment of an underwater ultrasonic imaging system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Song
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Chenyang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Changde He
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Linfeng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Juan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Jing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Wendong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Electronic Test & Measurement, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| |
Collapse
|