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Lamoureux NR, Phillips LA, DeShaw KJ, Radske-Suchan T, Welk GJ. Evaluating the feasibility and utility of telephonic motivational interviewing in older adults. PEC INNOVATION 2024; 5:100344. [PMID: 39323932 PMCID: PMC11422548 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Older adults face unique barriers and challenges related to physical activity (PA) participation. Motivational interviewing (MI) is a commonly used health coaching strategy to support behavior change that holds potential for older adults. Previous research on MI strategies has focused primarily on face-to-face delivery, limiting insights regarding virtual programs. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine if MI could be delivered telephonically with high fidelity and high acceptability in older adult participants. The study is designed to inform future trials evaluating its effectiveness in supporting virtual PA programs. Methods This study evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of telephonic MI among older adults that enrolled in an online version of the Walk with Ease program. Results Of 39 participants referred, 29 enrolled and 27 provided feedback. Participants were highly accepting and adherent, with 74 % of patients attending at least five of six sessions, and 96 % of participants indicating satisfaction with the MI provided. Coaches improved program enjoyment by helping set effective goals and providing ongoing accountability. Conclusions Evaluations documented adequate fidelity and high acceptability of telephonic delivery, and motivation results revealed large, significant increases in autonomous regulation (quality of motivation). Innovation Telephonic MI using non-healthcare professional coaches is feasibly delivered with high fidelity, and is acceptable to older adult participants. The innovative delivery format offers novel opportunities supporting virtual and telehealth interventions to reduce chronic disease risk among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Lamoureux
- Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gregory J. Welk
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50021, USA
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Ishigaki T, Misu S, Miyashita T, Matsumoto D, Kamiya M, Okamae A, Ogawa T, Ihira H, Taniguchi Y, Ohnuma T, Chibana T, Morikawa N, Ikezoe T, Makizako H. Effects of Walking-Only Intervention on Physical Function, Fall-Related Outcomes, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Aging Phys Act 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39179228 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2023-0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of walking-only intervention (walking was the only exercise in which people participated) on physical function, fall-related outcomes, and health-related quality of life in community-dwelling older adults. We conducted a systematic search across five electronic databases, assessing risk of bias using Minds Manual for Guideline Development. Meta-analyses were performed, and pooled standardized mean differences were calculated. Nine studies (a total of 1,309 participants) were included, showing that walking-only interventions improved walking endurance (standardized mean difference: 1.11, 95% confidence interval: [0.08, 2.15]) and health-related quality of life (standardized mean difference: 0.71, 95% confidence interval: [0.18, 1.25]). However, there were no significant improvements in other outcomes. The certainty of the evidence based on the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach for all outcomes was graded as very low, primarily due to significant inconsistency and imprecision. Our results suggest that walking-only intervention can be effective for enhancing walking endurance and health-related quality of life for community-dwelling older adults. Further studies are required to investigate the effects of walking-only intervention. This need stems from the limited number of randomized controlled trials, heterogeneous intervention settings and results, and the very low certainty of the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishigaki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Nagoya Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shogo Misu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Konan Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshinori Miyashita
- Inclusive Medical Sciences Research Institute, Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Matsumoto
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kio University, Kitakatsuragigun, Japan
| | - Midori Kamiya
- The First Nursing Course, Aichi Prefectural School of General Nursing, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akio Okamae
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hyogo College of Medicine Sasayama Medical Center, Sasayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ogawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nishiyamato Rehabilitation Hospital, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Japan
| | - Hikaru Ihira
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Taniguchi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Nursing and Welfare, Kyushu University of Nursing and Social Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohnuma
- Rehabilitation Progress Center Incorporated, Itabashi Rehabili Home-Visit Nursing Station, Itabashi-ku, Japan
| | | | - Natsu Morikawa
- Boys and Girls, Daycare Facility for Persons With Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities, CIL Toyonaka, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Tome Ikezoe
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Hyuma Makizako
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Tahmassi N, Al Snih S. Walking Activity and Physical Function Among Mexican American Older Adults Over 9 Years of Follow Up. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:692-697. [PMID: 38626896 PMCID: PMC11419941 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking activity has been associated with reduction in the development of chronic disease, cognitive and physical function impairment, disability, and mortality. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between walking activity and physical function over 9 years of follow-up among Mexican Americans aged 78 years and older. METHODS Participants (N = 998) were from the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly (2007-2016). Measures included walking activity duration and frequency, socio-demographics, body mass index, medical conditions, pain, depressive symptoms, limitation in activities of daily living, and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Low physical function was defined as scoring <7 on the Short Physical Performance Battery. At baseline, participants were grouped into nonwalkers (n = 653), walked <150 minutes/week (n = 144), and walked 150 minutes/week or more (n = 201). A Generalized Estimating Equation model was used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% CI of low physical performance as a function of walking activity status. RESULTS Compared with nonwalkers, participants walking < 150 minutes/week had lower odds (odds ratio = 0.66, 95% CI, 0.51-0.86) of low physical function over time, after controlling for all covariates, as did those walking ≥ 150 minutes/week (odds ratio = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.41-0.71). CONCLUSIONS Mexican American older adults who engage in any walking activity are at reduced risk of low physical function, even those with disability. Interventions at the individual and community level are recommended to reduce physical function impairment, even in those with preexisting medical conditions or disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Tahmassi
- John Sealy School of Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Soham Al Snih
- Department of Population Health and Health Disparities/School of Public and Population Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Division of Geriatrics and Palliative Medicine/Department of Internal Medicine, TheUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Sealy Center on Aging, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Culverhouse J, Hillsdon M, Koster A, Bosma H, de Galan BE, Savelberg HHCM, Pulsford R. Cross-sectional associations between patterns and composition of upright and stepping events with physical function: insights from The Maastricht Study. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2024; 21:10. [PMID: 38724917 PMCID: PMC11080173 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-024-00343-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Age-related declines in physical functioning have significant implications for health in later life. Physical activity (PA) volume is associated with physical function, but the importance of the pattern in which PA is accumulated is unclear. This study investigates associations between accelerometer-determined daily PA patterns, including composition and temporal distribution (burstiness) of upright and stepping events, with physical function. METHODS Data was from participants who wore an activPAL3 accelerometer as part of The Maastricht Study. Exposures included a suite of metrics describing the composition and the temporal distribution (burstiness) of upright and sedentary behaviour. Physical function outcomes included the six-minute walk test (6MWT), timed chair-stand test (TCST), grip strength (GS), and SF-36 physical functioning sub-scale (SF-36pf). Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess associations, adjusting for covariates including overall PA volume (daily step count). RESULTS Participants(n = 6085) had 6 or 7 days of valid data. Upright and stepping event metrics were associated with physical function outcomes, even after adjusting PA volume. Higher sedentary burstiness was associated with better function (6MWT, TCST, and SF-36pf), as was duration and step volume of stepping events (6MWT, TCST, GS, and SF-36pf), step-weighted cadence (6MWT, TCST, and SF-36pf). Number of stepping events was associated with poorer function (6MWT, GS, and SF-36pf), as was upright event burstiness (SF-36pf). Associations varied according to sex. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that diverse patterns of physical activity accumulation exhibit distinct associations with various measures of physical function, irrespective of the overall volume. Subsequent investigations should employ longitudinal and experimental studies to examine how changing patterns of physical activity may affect physical function, and other health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Culverhouse
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Melvyn Hillsdon
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Annemarie Koster
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Hans Bosma
- Department of Social Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan E de Galan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans H C M Savelberg
- School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Pulsford
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Auerswald T, Zwingmann K, Schlesinger T, Müller K. Development and Evaluation of a Community Health Program to Promote Physical Activity Among Vulnerable Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e51462. [PMID: 38376903 PMCID: PMC10915733 DOI: 10.2196/51462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vulnerable older adults have a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Regular physical activity (PA) can have a positive effect on the health and health-related behavior of this specific target group. However, evidence of the impact and feasibility of community-based PA promotion interventions for vulnerable older adults is still limited. OBJECTIVE The BeTaSen (Bewegungs-Tandems in den Lebenswelten Chemnitzer Seniorinnen und Senioren: ein Beitrag zur kommunalen Gesundheitsförderung) study aims to evaluate the (1) impact as well as the (2) feasibility, acceptance, and usefulness of a 12-month low-threshold PA intervention program for community-dwelling vulnerable older adults. METHODS For our population-based prospective observational cohort study, a total of 120 vulnerable older adults (aged 75 years or older) in the area of Chemnitz (Germany) will be recruited to participate in (1) weekly neighborhood-based low-threshold PA meetings with trained mentors (activity tandems) and (2) monthly exercise meetings led by trained exercise instructors. Within the intervention, participants will be encouraged to perform the PA independently. Participants will complete assessments, which will include questionnaires as well as objective measurements of their physical, cognitive, and psychosocial health at 3 different time points (baseline, 6 months after the start, and 6 months after the end of the intervention). Additionally, a process evaluation will be performed, including questionnaires and qualitative interviews, involving the participants, mentors, and municipal project partner representatives. RESULTS The BeTaSen project process began in October 2021, with the start of data collection and intervention in August 2022 in the first neighborhoods of the city of Chemnitz. A total of 86 participants were recruited at the time of submission of the manuscript. Longitudinal results are expected by 2025. CONCLUSIONS This study's results will provide insights on (1) the PA behavior of vulnerable older adults as well as the impact of PA interventions on health-related outcomes such as cognitive, physical, and psychosocial health, and (2) the feasible and useful components of community-based PA interventions. Thus, this pilot study contributes to future recommendations and provides a basis for further research, such as the development of feasible and sustainable target group-specific interventions in community settings. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/51462.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Auerswald
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Katharina Zwingmann
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Torsten Schlesinger
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Katrin Müller
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Chemnitz University of Technology, Chemnitz, Germany
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Lamoureux NR, Lansing J, Welk GJ. An observational pilot evaluation of the Walk with Ease program for reducing fall risk among older adults. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:203. [PMID: 37986196 PMCID: PMC10662528 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is an effective method of reducing fall risk among older adults. Previous evaluations of the six-week Walk with Ease (WWE) program have documented benefits to functional outcomes, but the potential effects on reducing fall risk have not been evaluated. This pilot study evaluates outcomes of a community delivered WWE program for potential suitability as a fall risk reduction program. METHODS A total of 59 older adults (age > 60) enrolled in a group version of WWE delivered by trained community-based leaders. Complete data (pre- and post-program) from functional fitness tests and behavioral instruments were obtained from 41 participants (aged 74.4 ± 6.6 years, 70% female). Functional outcomes included the 10-foot timed up and go (TUG), 30-second chair stand (CST) and 4-stage balance test (BT) included as part of STEADI, as well as a two-minute step test (ST) and normal gait speed test (GST). Survey assessments included STEADI fall risk screening, self-reported physical activity, and fear of falling measures. Analyses focused on reporting pre-post effect sizes, but paired t-tests were used to test statistical significance of differences. RESULTS Improvements in functional performance approached significance for both CST (d = 0.31, p = 0.06) and ST (d = 0.26, p = 0.12), but all other tests were nonsignificant. Survey results demonstrated significant increases in self-reported walking (d = 0.54, p = 0.02) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; d = 0.56, p = 0.004), but perceived fear of falling and overall fall risk scores had smaller, non-significant, effects (d ranging from 0.01 to 0.31). Stratified analysis suggested that participants screened at an elevated risk for falls at baseline consistently had larger effects on all functional and survey assessments, though the analysis was underpowered to test significance. CONCLUSIONS Walk with Ease participation significantly increased self-reported physical activity but did not significantly improve physical function or reduce fall risk. However, consistently larger effect sizes among participants screened as at-risk for falls suggest that the program may be beneficial for those with elevated risk for falls or functional limitations. Further research is needed to document the consistency of these effects among participants with elevated fall risk status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Lamoureux
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Cushing Coliseum W220, 1410W 26th St, Kearney, NE, 68849, USA.
| | - Jeni Lansing
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Gregory J Welk
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Blodgett JM, Norris T, Pinto Pereira SM, Hamer M. Does moderate to vigorous physical activity mediate the association between depression and physical function in midlife: Evidence from two British birth cohort studies. J Affect Disord 2023; 326:206-215. [PMID: 36584709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health and physical health are intrinsically linked, yet the mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated whether moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) mediated the association between depression and physical function (PF) in midlife. METHODS Individuals from two UK birth cohorts born within one week in 1958 (n = 7278) and 1970 (n = 6097) with data on depression (ages 33/34; Malaise Inventory), MVPA (age 42; self-reported) and PF (ages 50/56; Short Form-36 subscale). Covariates included sex, childhood and adulthood social class, maternal mental health, childhood mood, alcohol consumption, smoking habits, sleep, marital status, BMI and long-standing illness/disability. Linear or multinomial logistic regression models examined associations between depression, MVPA and PF. We used a parametric g-computation mediation analysis approach to estimate percent differences in PF. RESULTS Depression was associated with less frequent MVPA and poorer PF. Lower MVPA was associated with worse PF. The direct effect - randomised analogue not operating via MVPA - of depression on PF was -18.8 % (95%CI:--25.8,-11.8) and -15.8 % (20.6,-11.0) in the 1958 and 1970 cohorts, respectively. The indirect effect - operating via MVPA - was -0.5 % (-1.0,-0.03) and -0.2 % (-0.6, 0.3), resulting in a total proportion mediated of 3.1 % (0.1, 6.0) and 0.9 % (-1.6, 3.4). LIMITATIONS MVPA was self-reported. Intermediate confounders and mediators were measured at the same age, however associations did not change in sensitivity analysis considering age 46 MVPA (1958 cohort). CONCLUSIONS Although higher MVPA was protective against poor PF, there was only minor evidence that it mediated the association between depression and PF. Further investigation into other potential mediators of pathways from mental to physical health is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Blodgett
- Institute of Sport Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, 170 Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7HA London, UK.
| | - Tom Norris
- Institute of Sport Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, 170 Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7HA London, UK.
| | - Snehal M Pinto Pereira
- Institute of Sport Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, 170 Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7HA London, UK.
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute of Sport Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, 170 Tottenham Court Road, W1T 7HA London, UK.
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Custodero C, Agosti P, Anton SD, Manini TM, Lozupone M, Panza F, Pahor M, Sabbà C, Solfrizzi V. Effect of Physical Activity Intervention on Gait Speed by Frailty Condition: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:489-496. [PMID: 36878264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is uncertainty about effects of physical activity on physical performance, such as gait speed, among community-dwelling older adults according to their physical frailty status. We determined whether a long-term, moderate-intensity physical activity program was associated with different responses on gait speed over 4 m and 400 m based on physical frailty status. DESIGN Post hoc analysis from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders (LIFE) (NCT01072500), a single-blind randomized clinical trial testing the effect of physical activity intervention compared with health education program. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We analyzed data on 1623 community-dwelling older adults (78.9 ± 5.2 years) at risk for mobility disability. METHODS Physical frailty was assessed at baseline using the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures frailty index. Gait speed over 4 m and 400 m was measured at baseline, and 6, 12, and 24 months. RESULTS We estimated significantly better 400-m gait speed at 6, 12, and 24 months for nonfrail older adults in the physical activity group, but not for frail participants. Among frail participants, physical activity showed a potentially clinically meaningful benefit on 400-m gait speed at 6 months (0.055; 95% CI 0.016-0.094; P = .005), compared with the healthy educational intervention, only in those who, at baseline, were able to rise from a chair 5 times without using their arms. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A well-structured physical activity program produced a faster 400-m gait speed potentially able to prevent mobility disability among physically frail individuals with preserved muscle strength in lower limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Custodero
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Agosti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, and Fondazione Luigi Villa, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen D Anton
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd M Manini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Madia Lozupone
- Population Health Unit-"Salus In Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Panza
- Population Health Unit-"Salus In Apulia Study", National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Carlo Sabbà
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Solfrizzi
- Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Clinica Medica e Geriatria "Cesare Frugoni", University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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Hlebichuk JL, Gretebeck RJ, Garnier-Villarreal M, Piacentine LB, Singh M, Gretebeck KA. Physical Activity, Inflammation, and Physical Function in Older Adults: Results From the Health & Retirement Study. Biol Res Nurs 2023; 25:24-32. [PMID: 35798678 DOI: 10.1177/10998004221111217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Physical function declines with aging due to physical and biological changes. The biological process of aging has been associated with increases in systemic inflammation and a greater risk for chronic conditions. In older adults, physical activity aids in maintenance of function. However, the influence of inflammatory biomarkers and adiposity on physical activity and physical function needs to be further explored. METHODS A cross-sectional secondary data analysis from Wave 13 of the Health & Retirement Study (HRS) core biennial data and Venous Blood Study (VBS) was conducted. Structural equation modeling was used to establish the model and test the relationships. RESULTS Chronic low-level inflammation was moderately negatively correlated with physical activity (r = -0.326) and function (r = -0.367). Latent regressions showed that higher physical activity is associated with better physical function (unstandardized estimate = 0.600, p < .001) while inflammation negatively affects physical function (unstandardized estimate = -0.139, p < .001), and adiposity was not a predictor in the model (p = 0.055). CONCLUSION For older adults, preserving physical function by participation in physical activity and decreasing chronic inflammation are key preventive health strategies for older adults to maintain independence, with a need to further explore pro and anti-inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maharaj Singh
- College of Nursing, 5505Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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Buckinx F, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Daoust R, Hegg S, Martel D, Martel-Thibault M, Sirois MJ. Impacts of Remote Physical Exercises on Functional Status and Mobility among Community-Dwelling Pre-Disabled Seniors during the Covid-19 Lockdown. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:354-361. [PMID: 37248759 PMCID: PMC10155135 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1914-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether remote physical exercise interventions helped maintain function in daily life, level of physical activities, basic mobility and frailty status in pre-disabled seniors during the first Covid-19 lockdown. DESIGN This is an interventional study conducted from May 2020 to May 2021. SETTING Community-dwelling older adults in 2 Canadian cities. PARTICIPANTS 84 pre-disabled seniors. INTERVENTION 12-week physical exercise programs (1 hour/ 3 times/ week) in kinesiologist-guided groups using Zoom or phone-supervised individual booklet-based home-program (n=44) vs. Control (usual life habits; n=40). MEASUREMENTS Functional status in daily activities (OARS scale); Daily level of aerobic (TAPA-1) and strengthening/flexibility (TAPA-2) physical activities; Basic mobility abilities (SPPB: balance, lower limbs strength, walking speed; Timed Up-and-Go) and Frailty (SOF index) were assessed at baseline and at 3, 6, 9 and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS The participants' mean age was 78.5 ± 7.2 and 76.5 % were women. There was a group * time effect for the OARS scale (p=0.02), the TAPA-1 (p=0.06) and the TAPA-2 (p=0.007) scores. For these outcomes, scores significantly improved during the first 3 months of follow-up and then stabilised in the intervention group whereas they remained constant in the control group over time. There was an overall time effect for the SPPB (p=0.004), the 4-m walking speed (p=0.02) and for the SOF index (p=0.004), with no between-group differences. Finally, no effect was observed for the TUG. CONCLUSION Remote home-based physical exercise interventions and monitoring during the first Covid-19 lockdown seemed to have helped maintain seniors' level of physical activities without impacting on basic mobility abilities. Further studies are needed to identify parameters of remote exercise programs that can improve daily function and mobility in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Buckinx
- Marie-Josée Sirois, PhD, 1435 de Longueuil, Québec, Qc, G1S 2G2, Canada, e-mail:
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Nascimento MDM, Gouveia ÉR, Gouveia BR, Marques A, França C, Freitas DL, Campos P, Ihle A. Exploring Mediation Effects of Gait Speed, Body Balance, and Falls in the Relationship between Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life in Vulnerable Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14135. [PMID: 36361009 PMCID: PMC9655035 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine whether gait speed (GS), body balance (BB), and falls mediated the relationship between physical activity (PA) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in community-dwelling older adults. This is a cross-sectional study that included 305 men and 314 women (69.5 ± 5.6 years), residing in the Autonomous Region of Madeira, Portugal. HRQoL and PA were assessed using the SF-36 and Baecke Questionnaires, respectively. While BB was obtained by the Fullerton Advance Balance (FAB) scale, GS by the 50-foot (15 m) walk test, and the frequency of falls was obtained by self-report. According to the analyses, when GS and BB were placed concomitantly as mediators, the direct effect revealed by the model revealed a non-significant relationship between PA and falls. Thus, in the context of falls, GS and BB partially mediated the association between PA and HRQoL in approximately 29.7%, 56%, and 49.2%, respectively. The total HRQoL model explained a variance of 36.4%. The results can help to understand the role that GS, BB, and falls play in the relationship between PA and HRQoL of the vulnerable older adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Maio Nascimento
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina 56304-917, Brazil
| | - Élvio Rúbio Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bruna R. Gouveia
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Regional Directorate of Health, Secretary of Health of the Autonomous Region of Madeira, 9004-515 Funchal, Portugal
- Saint Joseph of Cluny Higher School of Nursing, 9050-535 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, 1495-751 Lisbon, Portugal
- ISAMB, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cíntia França
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Duarte L. Freitas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Campos
- LARSYS, Interactive Technologies Institute, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Department of Informatics Engineering and Interactive Media Design, University of Madeira, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES—Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Barene S, Krustrup P, Holtermann A. Does a 40-week Football and Zumba exercise intervention influence self-reported job satisfaction, work role functioning and sick leave among female hospital employees? A cluster-randomised controlled trial. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36305278 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2139634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This 40-week cluster-randomised controlled trial (RCT) examines the effects of football and Zumba on self-perceived job satisfaction, work role functioning and sick leave among Norwegian female hospital employees. Hundred-and-seven employees, mainly consisting of nurses (80%), were allocated into three groups; Football (FG), Zumba (ZG) and Control (CG). The exercise groups were offered two to three and one to two 1-h weekly sessions during the first 12 and last 28 weeks, respectively, with an actual weekly exercise frequency of 2.4 ± 0.5 and 0.9 ± 0.2 in FG and 2.3 ± 0.3 and 0.8 ± 0.2 in ZG. Outcome variables were measured at baseline, 12 and 40 weeks. In comparison to CG (4.8 days 95% CI 3.2-6.4), ZG (1.9 days, 95% CI 0.4-3.5) had a significant lower overall mean days of sickness absence during last sick leave period (-2.9 days, 95% CI -5.1 to -0.7, p = .011) which corresponded to a moderate effect size (d = 0.60). Between baseline (88.5%, 95% CI 84.3-92.6) and 12 weeks (93.8%, 95% CI 89.4-98.2), ZG showed significant within-group improvement in total score of the Work Role Functioning Questionnaire (WRFQ) (5.3%, 95% CI 0.6-10.1, p = .029), corresponding to a moderate effect size (d = 0.40). This study indicates that two to three 1-h weekly Zumba sessions can have a preventive effect on sick leave in female hospital employees.HighlightsParticipants in Zumba exercise organised by the workplace showed a significant lower number of sick leave days compared with the controls.Despite a correspondingly significant reduction in exercise adherence in both groups in the last 28 weeks, only FG showed tendencies for group improvement in job satisfaction and total WRFQ in this period.Workplace promotion of exercise and physical activity can thus be beneficial for both the workers and the organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svein Barene
- Department of Public Health and Sport Science, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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A Non-Randomized Combined Program of Walking and Low-Load Resistance Exercise Improves Cognitive Function and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10102106. [PMID: 36292553 PMCID: PMC9602658 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study examines whether changes in cardiometabolic risk factors, functional fitness, and depressive symptoms following a six-month exercise intervention were associated with cognitive function in Korean women aged 65 years and older. Methods: A non-randomized study design was used to compare post-intervention changes in measured variables between control (n = 30) and exercise (n = 30) groups. The exercise intervention consisted of three days of low-load resistance exercise and two days of walking. Cognitive function and depressive symptoms were assessed with the Korean version of the Mini−Mental State Examination and the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale, respectively. Functional fitness was measured using a senior fitness test battery. Results: The exercise group showed a significant improvement in cognitive function (p < 0.001) in conjunction with significant decreases in blood glucose (p = 0.052), triglycerides (p = 0.011), insulin (p = 0.002), tumor necrosis factor-α (p = 0.043), and depressive symptoms (p = 0.006) and an increase in interleukin-10 (p = 0.037), compared with the control group. Multivariate stepwise regression showed that changes in depressive symptoms (p < 0.001), insulin resistance (p < 0.001), and upper body muscle strength (p = 0.003) were positively associated with cognitive function. Conclusion: A six-month exercise intervention consisting of walking and low-load/high-repetition elastic band resistance exercise has the potential to improve cognitive function, as well as physical function and cardiometabolic risk factors, and to decrease depressive symptoms in older women.
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14
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Zhang D, Mobley EM, Manini TM, Leeuwenburgh C, Anton SD, Washington CJ, Zhou D, Parker AS, Okunieff PG, Bian J, Guo Y, Pahor M, Hiatt RA, Braithwaite D. Frailty and risk of mortality in older cancer survivors and adults without a cancer history: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2014. Cancer 2022; 128:2978-2987. [PMID: 35608563 PMCID: PMC9671088 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic evidence reporting the role of frailty in survival among older adults with a prior cancer diagnosis is limited. METHODS A total of 2050 older adults (≥60 years old) surviving for at least 1 year after a cancer diagnosis and 9474 older adults without a cancer history from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2014) were included for analysis. The exposure variable, a 45-item frailty index (FI), was categorized on the basis of validated cutoffs (FI ≤ 0.10 [fit], 0.10 < FI ≤ 0.21 [prefrail], and FI > 0.21 [frail]). All-cause mortality was ascertained via the National Death Index. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs) for the FI, and this was followed by restricted cubic splines depicting dose-response curves. RESULTS For older cancer survivors, the mean age at the baseline was 72.6 years (SD, 7.1 years); 5.9% were fit, 38.2% were prefrail, and 55.9% were frail. Older adults without a cancer history were slightly younger (mean age, 70.0 years) and less frail (47.9% were frail). At each level of the FI, cancer survivors (1.9 per 100 person-years for FI ≤ 0.10, 3.4 per 100 person-years for 0.10 < FI ≤ 0.21, and 7.5 per 100 person-years for FI > 0.21) had higher mortality than their cancer-free counterparts (1.4 per 100 person-years for FI ≤ 0.10, 2.4 per 100 person-years for 0.10 < FI ≤ 0.21, and 5.4 per 100 person-years for FI > 0.21). The multivariable model suggested a positive association between the FI and all-cause mortality for survivors (aHR for FI > 0.21 vs FI ≤ 0.10, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.73-4.53) and participants without a cancer history (aHR for FI > 0.21 vs FI ≤ 0.10, 2.75; 95% CI, 2.29-3.32). Restricted cubic splines indicated that all-cause mortality risk increased with the FI in a monotonic pattern. CONCLUSIONS Frailty is associated with a higher risk of death in older cancer survivors and the elderly without a cancer history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, Florida
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Erin M. Mobley
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Todd M. Manini
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Stephen D. Anton
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Daohong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Alexander S. Parker
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Paul G. Okunieff
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jiang Bian
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yi Guo
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Robert A. Hiatt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Dejana Braithwaite
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida College of Public Health and Health Professions, Gainesville, Florida
- University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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15
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Using wearables to promote physical activity in old age : Feasibility, benefits, and user friendliness. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 55:388-393. [PMID: 35849158 PMCID: PMC9360125 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-022-02083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background Wearables provide new opportunities to promote physical activity also among older adults but data on effectiveness and user friendliness are rare. Objective The effects of a comprehensive self-regulative intervention on moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and number of steps were examined using commercially available activity trackers. Acceptance regarding the devices was analysed in various domains. Methods In this study 80 older adults (mean = 67.03 years, standard deviation = 3.97 years; 59% women) wore a Fitbit Charge HR for 21 days including a baseline, a postintervention and a follow-up week. The intervention comprised feedback, goal setting and planning and 50% of the participants were additionally randomized to a role model component. Social cognitive predictors based on the health action process approach (HAPA) and user experience were assessed via questionnaires. Results The MVPA increased by an average of 19 min per week and steps by 1317 per day. An additional benefit of the role model component could be observed for MVPA. In the follow-up, the intervention effect was still significant for the number of steps, while MVPA dropped back to baseline. Multilevel models including HAPA variables explained small but significant amounts of variance in MVPA (8% within-person, 26% between-person) and steps (11% within-person, 12% between-person). User experience was rated as very high. Conclusion Providing an intervention based on established behavior change techniques and self-monitoring via wearables seems to be effective for increasing physical activity among older adults. The HAPA variables seem to play a limited role to explain activity levels. Acceptance of wearables can be expected to be high. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s00391-022-02083-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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16
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Kalu ME, Bello-Haas VD, Griffin M, Boamah S, Harris J, Zaide M, Rayner D, Khattab N, Abrahim S, Richardson TK, Savatteri N, Wang Y, Tkachyk C. Cognitive, psychological and social factors associated with older adults' mobility: a scoping review of self-report and performance-based measures. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:553-573. [PMID: 35535013 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although many factors have been associated with mobility among older adults, there is paucity of research that explores the complexity of factors that influence mobility. This review aims to synthesise the available evidence for factors comprising the cognitive, psychological, and social mobility determinants and their associations with mobility self-reported and performance-based outcomes in older adults (60 years). We followed Arksey and O'Malley's five stages of a scoping review and searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Web of Science, AgeLine, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Sociological Abstract databases. Reviewers in pairs independently conducted title, abstract, full-text screening and data extraction. We reported associations by analyses rather than articles because articles reported multiple associations for factors and several mobility outcomes. Associations were categorised as significantly positive, negative, or not significant. We included 183 peer-reviewed articles published in 27 countries, most of which were cross-sectional studies and conducted among community-dwelling older adults. The 183 articles reported 630 analyses, of which 381 (60.5%) were significantly associated with mobility outcomes in the expected direction. For example, older adults with higher cognitive functioning such as better executive functioning had better mobility outcomes (e.g., faster gait speed), and those with poor psychological outcomes, such as depressive symptoms, or social outcomes such as reduced social network, had poorer mobility outcomes (e.g., slower gait speed) compared to their counterparts. Studies exploring the association between cognitive factors, personality (a psychological factor) and self-reported mobility outcomes (e.g., walking for transportation or driving), and social factors and performance-based mobility outcomes in older adults are limited. Understanding the additive relationships between cognitive, psychological, and social factors highlights the complexity of older adults' mobility across different forms of mobility, including independence, use of assistive devices, transportation, and driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Kalu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanina Dal Bello-Haas
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meridith Griffin
- Department of Health, Aging & Society, Faculty of Social Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheila Boamah
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Harris
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mashal Zaide
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Rayner
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nura Khattab
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salma Abrahim
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Yimo Wang
- Myodetox Markham, Markham, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Ando M, Kamide N, Sakamoto M, Shiba Y, Sato H, Kawamura A, Watanabe S. The Effects of Neighborhood Physical and Social Environment on Physical Function among Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A One-Year Longitudinal Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137999. [PMID: 35805659 PMCID: PMC9266149 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown a relationship between physical and social aspects of the neighborhood environment (e.g., built environment, safety) and physical function in older adults. However, these associations are unclear in older Asian adults because longitudinal studies are lacking. This study examined the effects of neighborhood physical and social environment on longitudinal changes in physical function among Japanese older adults. We analyzed 299 Japanese community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years. Neighborhood environment was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Environment Module. Physical function was assessed using handgrip strength, knee extension muscle strength, 5-m walking time, and a timed up-and-go test (TUG) in baseline and follow-up surveys. Changes in physical function over one year were calculated and classified into decline or maintenance groups based on minimal detectable changes. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that even after adjusting for confounding factors, good access to recreational facilities affected the maintenance of 5-m walking time (odds ratio [OR] = 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–5.21) and good crime safety affected the maintenance of TUG (OR = 1.87, 95%CI: 1.06–3.33). Therefore, it is important to assess both physical and social environmental neighborhood resources in predicting decline in physical function among Japanese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Ando
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (N.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-778-9693
| | - Naoto Kamide
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (N.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Miki Sakamoto
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (N.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shiba
- School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, 10-6 Sakae-Machi, Fukushima 960-8031, Japan;
| | - Haruhiko Sato
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, 18-89 Uyama Higashi-Machi, Hirakata 573-1136, Japan;
| | - Akie Kawamura
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; (N.K.); (M.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Shuichiro Watanabe
- International Graduate School for Advanced Studies, J. F. Oberlin University, 3758 Tokiwa-Machi, Machida 194-0294, Japan;
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Neil-Sztramko SE, Teggart K, Moore C, Sherifali D, Fitzpatrick-Lewis D, Coletta G, Phillips SM, Newbold KB, Alvarez E, Kuspinar A, Kennedy CC, Santaguida PL, Ganann R. Community-based group physical activity and/or nutrition interventions to promote mobility in older adults: an umbrella review. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:539. [PMID: 35768770 PMCID: PMC9241281 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity and a healthy diet are important in helping to maintain mobility with aging. This umbrella review aims to identify group-based physical activity and/or nutrition interventions for community-dwelling older adults that improve mobility-related outcomes. METHODS Five electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, Sociological Abstracts) were searched from inception to December 2021. Eligibility criteria included systematic reviews exploring the effectiveness of physical activity or structured exercise, alone or combined with nutrition interventions on mobility-related outcomes (aerobic capacity, physical function, balance, falls/safety, muscle strength, health-related quality of life/wellbeing). Interventions must have been delivered in a group setting to community-dwelling older adults aged 55+. Two reviewers independently performed eligibility screening, critical appraisal (using AMSTAR 2) and data extraction. The GRADE approach was used to reflect the certainty of evidence based on the size of the effect within each mobility-related outcome category. Older adult/provider research partners informed data synthesis and results presentation. RESULTS In total, 62 systematic reviews (1 high, 21 moderate, 40 low/critically low quality) were identified; 53 included physical activity only, and nine included both physical activity and nutritional supplements. No reviews included nutrition interventions alone. Combined aerobic/resistance, general physical activity, and mind-body exercise all improved physical function and balance (moderate-high certainty). Aerobic/resistance training improved aerobic capacity (high certainty). Resistance training and general physical activity improved muscle strength (moderate certainty). Aerobic/resistance training and general physical activity are likely to reduce falls among older adults (moderate certainty). There was no evidence of benefit for nutritional supplementation with physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Group-based physical activity interventions that combine aerobic and resistance, general PA and mind-body exercise can improve measures of mobility in community-dwelling older adults. We found no reviews focused on nutrition only, highlighting a gap in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Neil-Sztramko
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Rd S, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Kylie Teggart
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Caroline Moore
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Diana Sherifali
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Donna Fitzpatrick-Lewis
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Giulia Coletta
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - K Bruce Newbold
- School of Earth, Environment & Society, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Alvarez
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Rd S, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ayse Kuspinar
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Courtney C Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Pasqualina L Santaguida
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Rd S, Suite 210a, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Rebecca Ganann
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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19
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Cokorilo N, Ruiz-Montero PJ, González-Fernández FT, Martín-Moya R. An Intervention of 12 Weeks of Nordic Walking and Recreational Walking to Improve Cardiorespiratory Capacity and Fitness in Older Adult Women. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102900. [PMID: 35629025 PMCID: PMC9142967 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The main aim of this study was to examine the effect of an intervention of 12 weeks in three groups on anthropometric measurement and heart rate (HR) variables, fitness index, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in older women. (2) Methods: In total, 166 Serbian adult women, aged 50 to 69 years old, participated in this study, comprising a control group (60 participants, μage = 57.8 + 6.6), Nordic-walking (NW) group (53 participants, μage = 57.5 + 6.8), and recreational-walking (RW) group (53 participants, μage = 57.8 + 6.6) in a physical fitness programme for 12 weeks. (3) Results: Anthropometric measurement variables were measured using a stadiometer and an electronic scale. The data showed differences in walking heart rate (bt/min) (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.088) between control, NW, and RW groups in the pretest analysis. Moreover, there were significant differences in walking heart rate (bt/min) (η2 = 0.155), heart rate at the end of the test (bt/min) (η2 = 0.093), total time of fitness index test (min) (η2 = 0.097), fitness index (η2 = 0.130), and VO2max (η2 = 0.111) (all, p < 0.001) between control, NW, and RW groups in the posttest analysis. (4) Conclusions: NW group training resulted in slightly greater benefits than RW group training. The present study demonstrated that both groups could act as modalities to improve the functionality and quality of life of people during the ageing process, reflected mainly in HR variables; UKK test measurements, and VO2max. It also contributes to the extant research on older women during exercise and opens interesting avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojsa Cokorilo
- Faculty of Sport, University UNION Nikola Tesla, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Pedro Jesús Ruiz-Montero
- Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain; (F.T.G.-F.); (R.M.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain; (F.T.G.-F.); (R.M.-M.)
| | - Ricardo Martín-Moya
- Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, 52005 Melilla, Spain; (F.T.G.-F.); (R.M.-M.)
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20
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Rethorn ZD, Covington JK, Cook CE, Bezner JR. Identifying Factors That Influence Physical Activity Promotion in Outpatient Physical Therapist Practice Using the Theoretical Domains Framework. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2022; 45:190-196. [PMID: 35470309 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Physical activity (PA) promotion is not routine practice for physical therapists. Understanding the PA promotion beliefs of physical therapists may offer targets for behavior change interventions to improve PA promotion. The purpose of this study was to explore outpatient US physical therapists' beliefs about PA promotion and determine which Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) domains can inform implementation efforts. METHODS We used a descriptive qualitative research design. A TDF-based interview guide was developed to identify beliefs about PA promotion. Twenty-six outpatient US physical therapists (13 regular PA promoters and 13 irregular PA promoters) completed semistructured interviews. Directed content analysis identified specific beliefs by grouping similar belief statements. Specific beliefs were mapped to TDF domains. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Five TDF domains were identified as likely relevant to changing physical therapists' PA promotion behaviors. Key beliefs within those domains included conflicting comments about PA guidelines being evidence based, a lack of confidence to promote PA due to perceived deficits in communication skills, and time constraints as key barriers. Beliefs about improving PA promotion included incorporating screening for baseline PA and continuing education targeting confidence and communication. CONCLUSIONS We identified key beliefs that influence outpatient US physical therapists' PA promotion. These beliefs identify targets for behavior change interventions to improve PA promotion rates among outpatient US physical therapists including incorporating baseline screening for PA and the development of continuing education training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary D Rethorn
- Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, Utah.,Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - J Kyle Covington
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Chad E Cook
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Janet R Bezner
- Department of Physical Therapy, Texas State University, Round Rock
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21
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Casas R, Ribó-Coll M, Ros E, Fitó M, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Salas-Salvadó J, Zazpe I, Martínez-González MA, Sorlí JV, Estruch R, Sacanella E. Change to a healthy diet in people over 70 years old: the PREDIMED experience. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:1429-1444. [PMID: 34839386 PMCID: PMC8921045 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It is difficult to change dietary habits and maintain them in the long run, particularly in elderly people. We aimed to assess whether adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and cardiovascular risk factor were similar in the middle-aged and oldest participants in the PREDIMED study. METHODS We analyzed participants belonging to the first and fourth quartiles of age (Q1 and Q4, respectively) to compare between-group differences in adherence to the nutritional intervention and cardiovascular risk factor (CRF) control during a 3-year follow-up. All participants underwent yearly clinical, nutritional, and laboratory assessments during the following. RESULTS A total of 2278 patients were included (1091 and 1187 in Q1 and Q4, respectively). At baseline, mean ages were 59.6 ± 2.1 years in Q1 and 74.2 ± 2.6 years in Q4. In Q4, there were more women, greater prevalence of hypertension and diabetes, and lower obesity and smoking rates than the younger cohort (P ≤ 0.001, all). Adherence to the MedDiet was similar in Q1 and Q4 at baseline (mean 8.7 of 14 points for both) and improved significantly (P < 0.01) and to a similar extent (mean 10.2 and 10.0 points, respectively) during follow-up. Systolic blood pressure, low density-lipoprotein cholesterol, and body weight were similarly reduced at 3 years in Q1 and Q4 participants. CONCLUSION The youngest and oldest participants showed improved dietary habits and CRFs to a similar extent after 3 years' intervention. Therefore, it is never too late to improve dietary habits and ameliorate CRF in high-risk individuals, even those of advanced age. REGISTRATION The trial is registered in the London-based Current Controlled Trials Registry (ISRCTN number 35739639).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarida Ribó-Coll
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition and REGICOR Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa-María Lamuela-Raventos
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science School of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan de Reus, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Itziar Zazpe
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miguel-Angel Martínez-González
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose V Sorlí
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Sacanella
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 170 Villarroel, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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22
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Ergin E, Akin B, Kocoglu-Tanyer D. Effect of Home Visits by Nurses on the Physical and Psychosocial Health of Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 51:733-745. [PMID: 35936539 PMCID: PMC9288399 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v51i4.9234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background One of the best ways to maintain and develop physical and psychosocial health is to make regular home visits. This meta-analysis aimed to determine (by subgroups) the effects of interventions based on nurses' home visits on physical and psychological health outcomes of older people. Methods This search was carried out using the The CINAHL, Cochrane, MEDLINE, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Turkish databases. Experimental and observational studies were included. Results The meta-analysis included 26 (with subgroups 50) out of 13110 studies. The minimum and maximum values of the effect size (Hedges g) were g = -0.708 and g = 0.525, respectively. The average effect size was g = 0.084 (SD = 0.21). Conclusion Home visit interventions are effective in reducing the frequency of hospitalization in the older adults, and improving physical and psychosocial health. They are negatively effective on falls and have no significant effect on the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Ergin
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, İstanbul Aydın University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Belgin Akin
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Kocoglu-Tanyer
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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23
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Auerswald T, Hendker A, Ratz T, Lippke S, Pischke CR, Peters M, Meyer J, von Holdt K, Voelcker-Rehage C. Impact of Activity Tracker Usage in Combination with a Physical Activity Intervention on Physical and Cognitive Parameters in Healthy Adults Aged 60+: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073785. [PMID: 35409466 PMCID: PMC8997555 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity (PA) is of central importance for healthy aging and has a well-known impact on helping older adults maintain their cognitive and physical health. Thus, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of two physical activity interventions primarily conducted at home (print-based or web-based vs. web-based plus the use of an activity tracker) on cognitive and physical health parameters in older adults. Data of participants (n = 551, 60–80 years) were analyzed after being randomly allocated to a waitlist control group (CG), a web-based or print-based intervention group (IG) or a web-based intervention group that also included the use of an activity tracker (AG). Measured parameters were grip strength, endurance (two-minute step test), gait speed (four-meter walk test), cognition (Simon task; balanced integration score (BIS), reaction time and accuracy) and physical self-concept (Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ)). We found the highest effect sizes in all measured dimensions for AG (grip strength, endurance, gait speed, reaction time, physical self-concept), followed by IG (endurance, gait speed, reaction time, physical self-concept) and CG (endurance, gait speed, BIS). Findings suggest that a combined web-based and activity tracker intervention may improve physical functions, physical self-concept, and cognition in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Auerswald
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany;
| | - Anna Hendker
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Tiara Ratz
- Department of Psychology & Methods, Jacobs University Bremen GmbH, 28759 Bremen, Germany; (T.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Sonia Lippke
- Department of Psychology & Methods, Jacobs University Bremen GmbH, 28759 Bremen, Germany; (T.R.); (S.L.)
| | - Claudia R. Pischke
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Manuela Peters
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology–BIPS, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Jochen Meyer
- OFFIS–Institute for Information Technology, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany; (J.M.); (K.v.H.)
| | - Kai von Holdt
- OFFIS–Institute for Information Technology, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany; (J.M.); (K.v.H.)
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany;
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-83-32461
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24
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Sanchez-Lastra MA, Varela S, Cancela JM, Ayán C. Upper versus lower body resistance exercise with elastic bands: effects on cognitive and physical function of institutionalized older adults. Eur Geriatr Med 2022; 13:907-916. [PMID: 35150433 PMCID: PMC9378322 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-022-00616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of upper versus the lower-body resistance exercise on cognitive and physical functions of institutionalized older people. METHODS This was a non-randomized multi-center comparative and crossover study (clincialtrials.gov code NCT03831373). Two experimental groups performed a 12-week intervention of resistance exercises with low-intensity elastic bands, one program focused on exercises of the upper body (n = 20, mean age 87.6 ± 6.4 years, 75% women) and the other on the lower body (n = 29, mean age 81.4 ± 7.7 years, 55% women). Following 12 weeks of detraining, the groups performed the other intervention. After another 12 weeks, a follow-up assessment was carried. The control group (n = 19, mean age 81.3 ± 9.5, 68% women) performed a full body stretching exercise program in both phases. Before and after each period, cognitive and physical function was assessed by standardized test (Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making test and Phototest; Timed Up and Go, Back Scratch, Chair Sit and Reach and had grip strength, respectively). Intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses were carried. RESULTS After the first intervention, significant improvements (p < 0.05) were observed in the cognitive function in both experimental groups, and in the hand grip strength in the group that performed lower-body exercise. After the second phase, all groups showed improvements in lower-body and shoulder flexibility and a significant worsening in hand grip strength. The lower-body exercise group showed a worsening in cognitive function, and the upper-body group in functional mobility and dynamic balance. CONCLUSIONS Resistance exercise with elastic bands showed beneficial effects on cognitive function and functional independence in institutionalized older adults. While upper body exercises seemed to be more effective on cognitive function, lower limb exercises showed better results on physical function parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Sanchez-Lastra
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Didácticas Especiais, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Campus A Xunqueira s/n, 36005, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Silvia Varela
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Didácticas Especiais, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Campus A Xunqueira s/n, 36005, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - José M Cancela
- Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Investigación HealthyFit, Departamento de Didácticas Especiais, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Campus A Xunqueira s/n, 36005, Pontevedra, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur) Sergas-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Carlos Ayán
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur (IIS Galicia Sur) Sergas-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.,Universidade de Vigo, Grupo de Investigación Wellness and Movement, Departamento de Didácticas Especiais, Facultade de Ciencias da Educación e do Deporte, Campus A Xunqueira s/n, 36005, Pontevedra, Spain
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25
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Sciamanna CN, Ballentine NH, Bopp M, Chinchilli VM, Ciccolo JT, Delauter G, Fisher A, Fox EJ, Jan De Beur SM, Kearcher K, Kraschnewski JL, Lehman E, McTigue KM, McAuley E, Paranjape A, Rodriguez-Colon S, Rovniak LS, Rutt K, Smyth JM, Stewart KJ, Stuckey HL, Tsay A. Working to Increase Stability through Exercise (WISE): screening, recruitment, and baseline characteristics. Trials 2021; 22:809. [PMID: 34781994 PMCID: PMC8591922 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05761-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this paper is to describe the utility of various recruitment modalities utilized in the Working to Increase Stability through Exercise (WISE) study. WISE is a pragmatic randomized trial that is testing the impact of a 3-year, multicomponent (strength, balance, aerobic) physical activity program led by trained volunteers or delivered via DVD on the rate of serious fall-related injuries among adults 65 and older with a past history of fragility fractures (e.g., vertebral, fall-related). The modified goal was to recruit 1130 participants over 2 years in three regions of Pennsylvania. Methods The at-risk population was identified primarily using letters mailed to patients of three health systems and those over 65 in each region, as well as using provider alerts in the health record, proactive recruitment phone calls, radio advertisements, and presentations at community meetings. Results Over 24 months of recruitment, 209,301 recruitment letters were mailed, resulting in 6818 telephone interviews. The two most productive recruitment methods were letters (72% of randomized participants) and the research registries at the University of Pittsburgh (11%). An average of 211 letters were required to be mailed for each participant enrolled. Of those interviewed, 2854 were ineligible, 2,825 declined to enroll and 1139 were enrolled and randomized. Most participants were female (84.4%), under age 75 (64.2%), and 50% took an osteoporosis medication. Not having a prior fragility fracture was the most common reason for not being eligible (87.5%). The most common reason provided for declining enrollment was not feeling healthy enough to participate (12.6%). Conclusions The WISE study achieved its overall recruitment goal. Bulk mailing was the most productive method for recruiting community-dwelling older adults at risk of serious fall-related injury into this long-term physical activity intervention trial, and electronic registries are important sources and should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher N Sciamanna
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Box HO34, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erik Lehman
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kayla Rutt
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne Tsay
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
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26
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Ando M, Kamide N, Shiba Y, Sakamoto M, Sato H, Murakami T, Watanabe S. Association Between Physical Function and Neighborhood Environment in Healthy, Older Adults: An Exploratory Study Using Regression Tree Analysis. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2021; 7:23337214211052403. [PMID: 34708149 PMCID: PMC8543633 DOI: 10.1177/23337214211052403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to perform an exploratory investigation of the individual characteristics of older adults that affect the relationships between physical function and neighborhood environment. A total of 624 community-dwelling older adults living independently, aged ≥65 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Physical function was assessed by muscle strength (grip strength and knee extension strength) and physical performance (5-m walking time and Timed Up and Go Test). The neighborhood environment was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Environmental Module. The individual characteristics that affect the association between both were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and Classification and Regression tree (CaRT) analysis. In both older men and women, multiple regression analysis showed that neighborhood environment was significantly associated with physical function. On the other hand, on CaRT analyses, older men ≤80 years of age without low back pain and depressive symptoms and perceived good access to recreational facilities had the shortest 5-m walking time. However, CaRT analyses found no relationship between physical function and neighborhood environment in older women. The relationships between physical function and neighborhood environment may be altered by sex, age, and physical and mental health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Ando
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Masataka Ando, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan.
| | - Naoto Kamide
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shiba
- School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Miki Sakamoto
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sato
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Takeshi Murakami
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
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27
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Cox KL, Clare L, Cyarto EV, Ellis KA, Etherton-Beer C, Southam J, Ames D, Flicker L, Almeida OP, LoGiudice D, Liew D, Vlaskovsky P, Lautenschlager NT. A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of a 6-Month Home-Based Physical Activity Program with Individual Goal-Setting and Volunteer Mentors on Physical Activity, Adherence, and Physical Fitness in Inactive Older Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decline: The INDIGO Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:207-226. [PMID: 34511499 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing physical activity (PA) in those who have memory concerns requires innovative approaches. OBJECTIVE To compare in this randomized controlled trial (RCT) the effects on PA, adherence, and fitness of two approaches to deliver a 6-month home-based PA program in older, inactive individuals at risk of cognitive decline. METHODS Individuals (n = 52) aged 60-85 years, inactive with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitive decline were recruited from the community and memory clinics. Randomization was to 6 months of 150 min/week moderate intensity PA with either: goal-setting with mentor support; or education and peer contact. A subset of participants (n = 36) continued for a further 6 months. PA, moderate and vigorous PA, and secondary outcomes, fitness, goal performance/satisfaction and self-efficacy were assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Modelling of primary and secondary outcomes was conducted with linear mixed models. RESULTS Participants were mean age (±sd) 70.1 (6.4) years. Six-month retention was 88.5%(n = 46). No significant between-group differences were observed for PA or fitness. Post-hoc combined group data showed a significant, moderate-large effect size increase in PA with time. PA increased by a mean 1,662 (943, 2383) steps/day (95%CI) and 1,320 (603, 2037) steps/day at 6 and 12 months (p < 0.001). Median (quartiles Q1-Q3) 6 and 6-12 month combined group adherence was 88.9 (74.4-95.7)%and 84.6 (73.9-95.4)%respectively. CONCLUSION In this target group, no differences were detected between groups both intervention strategies were highly effective in increasing PA and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay L Cox
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Linda Clare
- Centre for Research in Ageing and Cognitive Health, College of Medicine and Health, University ofExeter, UK
| | - Elizabeth V Cyarto
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Bolton Clarke Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Qld, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Ellis
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher Etherton-Beer
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jenny Southam
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Ames
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,St George's Hospital, Kew, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Osvaldo P Almeida
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Dina LoGiudice
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danny Liew
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip Vlaskovsky
- Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation Biostatistical Unit, Perth, Australia
| | - Nicola T Lautenschlager
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,North Western Mental Health, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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28
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Immersive Virtual Reality Exergame Promotes the Practice of Physical Activity in Older People: An Opportunity during COVID-19. MULTIMODAL TECHNOLOGIES AND INTERACTION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/mti5090052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Life expectancy has increased in recent years. Physical activity has been postulated as a key element in active aging strategies. However, adherence to physical exercise programs has traditionally been low among the elderly, and the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic has added extra impediments. Immersive virtual reality (IVR) devices could motivate this population to practice exercise. This study aimed to analyse the use of IVR exergames as a tool to facilitate physical exercise in older people. Four healthy older adults (males, 65–77 years) participated in the study. They carried out two exergaming sessions with HTC Vive ProTM. Outcomes were evaluated using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ), System Usability Scale (SUS), Game Experience Questionnaire (GEQ post-game module), an ad hoc satisfaction questionnaire, and perceived effort. All participants completed the sessions without adverse effects, with no SSQ symptoms reported. SUS scores were high in both sessions (SUS > 85/100). Post-game GEQ scores were 3.08–3.41/4 (positive experiences) and 0.08–0.16/4 (negative experiences). Opinions showed high levels of satisfaction with the experience. Exergaming programs, based on commercial head-mounted displays, are a feasible alternative to traditional senior exercise, and could be a solution to the current situation that has arisen from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Jenkins E, Koirala B, Rodney T, Lee JW, Cotter VT, Szanton SL, Taylor JL. Home/community-based interventions to improve function in persons with mild cognitive impairment/early dementia. Geriatr Nurs 2021; 42:1109-1124. [PMID: 34280736 PMCID: PMC8578179 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2021.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Persons with mild cognitive impairment/early dementia have a possible 20-year trajectory of disability and dependence with little information on the effectiveness of interventions to improve function. This review investigates the literature of home/community-based interventions for physical and executive function in persons with mild cognitive impairment/early dementia. A 2007-2020 systematic literature search was conducted through PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text and PsycINFO. Of the 1749 articles retrieved, 18 eligible studies were identified and consisted of three types of interventions: cognitive training-only (n = 7), multicomponent (n = 9), and physical activity-only (n = 2). Results showed that the interventions impacting function in persons with cognitive impairment incorporated a visual/written element, technology-based training, caregiver support, and modified duration/increased frequency of interventions. In studies improving function, participants simulated Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. They addressed cognitive function using both objective and subjective cognitive measures. We found gaps in the literature in incorporating race/ethnicity and appropriate socioeconomic status measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerald Jenkins
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
| | - Binu Koirala
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Tamar Rodney
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Valerie T Cotter
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 929 N Wolfe St. Room 403, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Sarah L Szanton
- Health Equity and Social Justice Endowed Professor, Director, Center on Innovative Care in Aging, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Joint Appointment with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, 525 North Wolfe Street #424, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Janiece L Taylor
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, 525 N. Wolfe St. Room 422, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Status Quo or Drop-Off: Do Older Adults Maintain Benefits From Choose to Move-A Scaled-Up Physical Activity Program-12 Months After Withdrawing the Intervention? J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:1236-1244. [PMID: 34407507 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choose to Move is one of few scaled-up health-promoting interventions for older adults. The authors evaluated whether Choose to Move participants maintained their intervention-related gains in physical activity (PA), mobility, and social connectedness 12 months after the intervention ended. METHODS The authors assessed PA, mobility, loneliness, social isolation, and muscle strength via questionnaire and objective measures in 235 older adults at 0 months (baseline), 6 months (end of intervention), and 18 months (12-months postintervention). The authors fitted linear mixed models to examine the change in each outcome from 6 to 18 months (primary objective) and 0 to 18 months (secondary objective) and reported by age group (60-74 and ≥75 y). RESULTS In younger participants, PA decreased between 6 and 18 months, but remained significantly higher than at baseline. Intervention-related benefits in loneliness, social isolation, mobility, and muscle strength were maintained between 6 and 18 months in the younger participants. Older participants maintained their intervention benefits in loneliness, mobility, and muscle strength. When compared with baseline values, PA levels in older participants were unchanged, whereas social isolation increased. CONCLUSIONS Older adults maintained some, but not all, health benefits of Choose to Move 12 months after the intervention ended. Long-term commitments are needed to deliver effective health-promoting interventions for older adults if benefits are to be maintained.
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Taylor J, Walsh S, Kwok W, Pinheiro MB, de Oliveira JS, Hassett L, Bauman A, Bull F, Tiedemann A, Sherrington C. A scoping review of physical activity interventions for older adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:82. [PMID: 34193157 PMCID: PMC8243293 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To inform implementation and future research, this scoping review investigates the volume of evidence for physical activity interventions among adults aged 60+. Our research questions are: (1) what is the evidence regarding interventions designed to increase total physical activity in adults aged 60+ years, in accordance with three of the four strategic objectives of GAPPA (active societies, active environments, active people); (2) what is the current evidence regarding the effectiveness of physical activity programmes and services designed for older adults?; and (3) What are the evidence gaps requiring further research? METHODS We searched PEDro, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Cochrane from 1 January 2010 to 1 November 2020 for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of physical activity interventions in adults aged 60+. We identified interventions designed to: (1) increase physical activity; and (2) deliver physical activity programmes and services in home, community or outpatient settings. We extracted and coded data from eligible reviews according to our proposed framework informed by TIDieR, Prevention of Falls Network Europe (PROFANE), and WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). We classified the overall findings as positive, negative or inconclusive. RESULTS We identified 39 reviews of interventions to increase physical activity and 342 reviews of programmes/services for older adults. Interventions were predominantly structured exercise programmes, including balance strength/resistance training, and physical recreation, such as yoga and tai chi. There were few reviews of health promotion/coaching and health professional education/referral, and none of sport, workplace, sociocultural or environmental interventions. Fewer reported outcomes of total physical activity, social participation and quality of life/well-being. We noted insufficient coverage in diverse and disadvantaged samples and low-middle income countries. CONCLUSIONS There is a modest but growing volume of evidence regarding interventions designed to increase total physical activity in older adults, although more interventional studies with long term follow-up are needed, particularly for GAPPA 1. Active Societies and GAPPA 2. Active Environments. By comparison, there is abundant evidence for GAPPA 3. specific programmes and services, but coverage of sport and workplace interventions, and diverse samples and settings is lacking. Comprehensive reviews of individual studies are now needed as well as research targeting neglected outcomes, populations and settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Taylor
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Sarah Walsh
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Wing Kwok
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marina B Pinheiro
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Juliana Souza de Oliveira
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leanne Hassett
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Physical Activity, Nutrition and Obesity, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fiona Bull
- Physical Activity Unit, Department of Health Promotion, Division of Universal Health Coverage and Healthier Populations, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Tiedemann
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Garay RP. Investigational drugs and nutrients for human longevity. Recent clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov and clinicaltrialsregister.eu. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:749-758. [PMID: 34081543 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1939306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction:Several pharmacological drugs have shown proof of concept for longevity in animal models. I aimed to identify and review those longevity drug candidates that are undergoing clinical trials.Areas covered:Recent (post-2017) longevity clinical trials were found in US and EU clinical trial registries. Longevity drug candidates are the antidiabetic drugs metformin and acarbose, and the immunosuppressant rapamycin. These medicinal drugs are tested on biochemical and clinical markers of aging. In addition, vitamin D supplementation is being investigated in two mega-trials (sample size> 5000) for its efficacy in reducing all-cause mortality.Expert opinion:Anti-aging effects of longevity drug candidates suggest, but do not demonstrate that they prolong life. The two megatrials with vitamin D supplementation make it possible to detect differences in life expectancy between vitamin D and placebo. Therefore, a protocol similar to that for vitamin D could be used to demonstrate pro-longevity effects of metformin, acarbose, and rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo P Garay
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Craven, Villemoisson-sur-Orge, France.,CNRS, National Centre of Scientific Research, Paris, France
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Hsueh MC, Lin CY, Lai TF, Yu YC, Chang SH, Bae JY, Liao Y. Is achieving 7,000 steps/day cross-sectionally and prospectively associated with older adults' lower-extremity performance? BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:359. [PMID: 34118884 PMCID: PMC8196529 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence regarding the association between daily steps recommendation and older adults’ lower limb strength is lacking; thus, this study investigated whether taking at least 7,000 steps/day is cross-sectionally and prospectively related to lower-extremity performance in older Taiwanese adults. Methods There were 89 community-dwelling adults aged over 60 years (mean age: 69.5 years) attending both baseline and follow-up surveys. This study used adjusted logistic regression analysis to explore cross-sectional and prospective relationships between their accelerometer-assessed daily steps and lower-extremity performance (five-times-sit-to-stand test). Results This study found the older adults who took 7,000 steps/day were more likely to have better lower-extremity performance cross-sectionally (odds ratio [OR] = 3.82; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.04, 13.95; p = 0.04), as well as to maintain or increase their lower-extremity performance prospectively (OR = 3.53; 95 % CI: 1.05, 11.84; p = 0.04). Conclusions Our findings support a minimum recommended level of step-based physical activity for older adults, namely, 7,000 steps/day, as beneficial for maintaining or increasing older adults’ lower-extremity performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chun Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, No. 101, Sec. 2, Jhongcheng Rd., Shilin Dist, 11153, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 169-8050, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Ting-Fu Lai
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Heping East Road Section 1, 106, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Yu
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Heping East Road Section 1, 106, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsi Chang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Heping East Road Section 1, 106, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ju Yong Bae
- Department of Physical Education, College of Arts and Physical Education, Dong-A University, 37 Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Hadan-dong, Saha-gu, 604-714, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Liao
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Heping East Road Section 1, 106, Taipei, Taiwan
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Harrison CA, Parks RM, Cheung KL. The impact of breast cancer surgery on functional status in older women - A systematic review of the literature. Eur J Surg Oncol 2021; 47:1891-1899. [PMID: 33875285 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary endocrine therapy as treatment of breast cancer is only recommended in older women with limited life expectancy. However, many older women opt for endocrine therapy due to concerns regarding frailty and potential decline in function after surgery. A decline in functional status after surgery is documented in some cancer types, such as colorectal, however, the full impact of breast cancer surgery is less understood. A systematic review was performed to examine the evidence for impact of breast cancer surgery on functional status in older women. PubMed and Embase databases were searched. Studies were eligible if performed within the last 10 years; included patients over the age of 65 years undergoing breast cancer surgery; included stratification of results by age; measured functional status pre-operatively and at least six months following surgery. A total of 11 studies including 12 030 women were appraised. Two studies represented level-II and nine level-IV evidence. Overall, physical activity level was negatively impacted by breast cancer surgery and this was compounded by the extent of surgery. Evidence for impact of breast cancer surgery on quality of life, fatigue and cognition, was conflicting. The possibility of decline in functional status after breast cancer surgery should be discussed in all older women considering surgery. A structured exercise program may improve the negative effects of surgery on physical activity. Further work is required in the areas of quality of life, fatigability and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Harrison
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - R M Parks
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - K L Cheung
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, University of Nottingham, UK.
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Safety and Effectiveness of Long-Term Exercise Interventions in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sports Med 2021; 50:1095-1106. [PMID: 32020543 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01259-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise is beneficial to reduce the risk of several conditions associated with advanced age, but to our knowledge, no previous study has examined the association of long-term exercise interventions (≥ 1 year) with the occurrence of dropouts due to health issues and mortality, or the effectiveness of physical exercise versus usual primary care interventions on health-related outcomes in older adults (≥ 65 years old). OBJECTIVE To analyze the safety and effectiveness of long-term exercise interventions in older adults. METHODS We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis examining the association of long-term exercise interventions (≥ 1 year) with dropouts from the corresponding study due to health issues and mortality (primary endpoint), and the effects of these interventions on health-related outcomes (falls and fall-associated injuries, fractures, physical function, quality of life, and cognition) (secondary endpoints). RESULTS Ninety-three RCTs and six secondary studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analyses (n = 28,523 participants, mean age 74.2 years). No differences were found between the exercise and control groups for the risk of dropouts due to health issues (RR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.95-1.17) or mortality (RR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.83-1.04), although a lower mortality risk was observed in the former group when separately analyzing clinical populations (RR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.48-0.95). Exercise significantly reduced the number of falls and fall-associated injuries, and improved physical function and cognition. These results seemed independent of participants' baseline characteristics (age, physical function, and cognitive status) and exercise frequency. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exercise training does not overall influence the risk of dropouts due to health issues or mortality in older adults, and results in a reduced mortality risk in clinical populations. Moreover, exercise reduces the number of falls and fall-associated injuries, and improves physical function and cognition in this population.
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Lim SER, Cox NJ, Tan QY, Ibrahim K, Roberts HC. Volunteer-led physical activity interventions to improve health outcomes for community-dwelling older people: a systematic review. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:843-853. [PMID: 32356136 PMCID: PMC8084781 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Physical activity (PA) is important for older people to maintain functional independence and healthy ageing. There is strong evidence to support the benefits of physical activity interventions on the health outcomes of older adults. Nonetheless, innovative approaches are needed to ensure that these interventions are practical and sustainable. Aim This systematic review explores the effectiveness of volunteer-led PA interventions in improving health outcomes for community-dwelling older people. Methods Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PEDro, Cochrane library) were systematically searched for studies using trained volunteers to deliver PA interventions for community-dwelling older people aged ≥ 65 years. Meta-analysis was not conducted due to included study heterogeneity. Results Twelve papers describing eight studies (five papers reported different outcomes from the same study) were included in the review. All eight studies included strength and balance exercises and frequency of PA ranged from weekly to three times a week. Volunteer-led exercises led to improvements in functional status measured using the short physical performance battery, timed up and go test, Barthel Index, single leg stand, step touch test, chair stand test, and functional reach. Frailty status identified by grip strength measurement or the use of long-term care insurance improved with volunteer-led exercises. Interventions led to improvement in fear of falls and maintained or improved the quality of life. The impact on PA levels were mixed. Conclusion Limited evidence suggests that volunteer-led PA interventions that include resistance exercise training, can improve outcomes of community-dwelling older adults including functional status, frailty status, and reduction in fear of falls. More high-quality RCTs are needed to investigate the effects of volunteer-led PA interventions among older people.
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Miller KJ, Suárez-Iglesias D, Varela S, Rodríguez D, Ayán C. Exercise for Nonagenarians: A Systematic Review. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2021; 43:208-218. [PMID: 31569172 DOI: 10.1519/jpt.0000000000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise has been identified as a health promotion strategy for the oldest old. However, scientific evidence regarding the benefits of exercise on nonagenarians is scarce. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the characteristics and methodological quality of investigations that have examined the effects of physical exercise on nonagenarians. METHODS A systematic review and evidence synthesis were conducted. The MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched up to November 2018. Investigations were included if they tested the effects of an exercise intervention on people 90 years or older. The methodological quality of the randomized controlled trials was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Quality appraisal tools developed by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute were used to evaluate the uncontrolled and observational investigations. RESULTS Three randomized controlled trials, 1 retrospective study, 2 case reports, and 1 single-subject A-B design met the eligibility criteria. The methodological quality scores obtained from the scales ranged from poor to good. Most interventions were based on muscular strengthening, balance exercises, or a combination of both. No adverse effects were registered. In general, exercise showed a significant impact on muscular strength, while mixed effects were found regarding gait and balance. Pooled analyses indicated that interventions had significant improvements in global lower body functioning (standardized mean difference, SMD = 0.47; 95% confidence interval = 0.04, 0.90; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Exercise is a feasible therapy for nonagenarians, which can lead to improvements in physical functioning. Future research should focus on the effects of aerobic interventions, as well as the impact that exercise has on the cognitive functioning of nonagenarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Miller
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | | | - Silvia Varela
- HealthyFit Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Pontevedra, Spain.,Faculty of Education and Sport Science, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - David Rodríguez
- Faculty of Education and Sport Science, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Carlos Ayán
- Faculty of Education and Sport Science, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.,Well-Move Research Group, University of Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Current Evidence of Measurement Properties of Physical Activity Questionnaires for Older Adults: An Updated Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 50:1271-1315. [PMID: 32125670 PMCID: PMC7305082 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Questionnaires provide valuable information about physical activity (PA) behaviors in older adults. Until now, no firm recommendations for the most qualified questionnaires for older adults have been provided. OBJECTIVES This review is an update of a previous systematic review, published in 2010, and aims to summarize, appraise and compare the measurement properties of all available self-administered questionnaires assessing PA in older adults. METHODS We included the articles evaluated in the previous review and conducted a new search in PubMed, Embase, and SPORTDiscus from September 2008 to December 2019, using the following inclusion criteria (1) the purpose of the study was to evaluate at least one measurement property (reliability, measurement error, hypothesis testing for construct validity, responsiveness) of a self-administered questionnaire; (2) the questionnaire intended to measure PA; (3) the questionnaire covered at least one domain of PA; (4) the study was performed in the general, healthy population of older adults; (5) the mean age of the study population was > 55 years; and (6) the article was published in English. Based on the Quality Assessment of Physical Activity Questionnaires (QAPAQ) checklist, we evaluated the quality and results of the studies. The content validity of all included questionnaires was also evaluated using the reviewers' rating. The quality of the body of evidence was evaluated for the overall construct of each questionnaire (e.g., total PA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and walking using a modified Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. RESULTS In total, 56 articles on 40 different questionnaires (14 from the previous review and 26 from the update) were included. Reliability was assessed for 22, measurement error for four and hypotheses testing for construct validity for 38 different questionnaires. Evidence for responsiveness was available for one questionnaire. For many questionnaires, only one measurement property was assessed in only a single study. Sufficient content validity was considered for 22 questionnaires. All questionnaires displayed large measurement errors. Only versions of two questionnaires showed both sufficient reliability and hypotheses testing for construct validity, namely the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE; English version, Turkish version) for the assessment of total PA, and the Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (PASB-Q; English version) for the assessment of MVPA. The quality of evidence for these results ranged from very low to high. CONCLUSIONS Until more high-quality evidence is available, we recommend the PASE for measuring total PA and the PASB-Q for measuring MVPA in older adults. However, they are not equally qualified among different languages. Future studies on the most promising questionnaires should cover all relevant measurement properties. We recommend using and improving existing PA questionnaires-instead of developing new ones-and considering the strengths and weaknesses of each PA measurement instrument for a particular purpose.
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Kwok BC, Wong WP, Remedios L. Improving centre-based group exercise participation of older adults using the behaviour change wheel. BMJ Open Qual 2021; 10:bmjoq-2020-001078. [PMID: 33589505 PMCID: PMC7887340 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An emphasis on active ageing could help to delay the onset of frailty. In Singapore, Senior Activity Centres provide free and guided group exercise sessions for older adults. However, one such centre had very low participation rates among community-dwelling older adults despite running standardised programmes. Based on a needs analysis from a prior project, this paper reports on strategies implemented to improve the daily centre-based group exercise participation rate among community-dwelling older adults. Using the behaviour change wheel model, participant motivation domains were identified as primary gaps, while the psychological capability and physical opportunity were categorised as secondary gaps. A logic model was used to design a project to respond to these identified gaps and guide the evaluation approach. Three strategies were implemented over a 4-week period and reviewed at 6 months: (1) promotion of the exercise classes, (2) delayed rewards for participation and (3) health ambassadors. Evaluation findings highlighted that more resources were needed for the training of community-dwelling older adult healthcare ambassadors in the use of motivational interviewing. The interventions were found to be efficacious in increasing daily group exercise participation rate at the centre, from an average of three to nine participants per day over the 4 weeks. Furthermore, more than 60% of these participants achieved the WHO's weekly minimum exercise recommendation for older adults (150 min moderate-intensity physical activity). To increase the engagement of older adults in physical activity or exercise participation, we recommend the use of behaviour change wheel model and the use of community-based health ambassadors. In conclusion, the project found improved daily centre-based group physical exercise participation rates when all the domains in the behaviour change wheel model were addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wai Pong Wong
- Health and Social Sciences, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore
| | - Louisa Remedios
- Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Higuchi D, Kondo Y, Miki T. Patterns of physical activity and exercise after lumbar surgery among Japanese patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. J Phys Ther Sci 2021; 33:146-152. [PMID: 33642690 PMCID: PMC7897534 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.33.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of classifying the
patterns of physical activity and exercise after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in
Japanese patients and describe the characteristics of the patient groups. [Participants
and Methods] We evaluated Japanese patients diagnosed as having lumbar spinal stenosis and
underwent surgery. The frequencies of the 15 types of physical activity and exercise
recommended in Kenko Nippon 21 (Japanese policy for health promotion) were investigated by
mail. The study included 102 respondents (median age, 69 years [range, 34–88 years]; 55
males and 47 females). A hierarchical cluster analysis was used for grouping according to
the physical activity and exercise patterns. The Holm method and residual analysis were
used for comparisons of the frequencies of the physical activity and exercise patterns and
basic demographics among the groups. [Results] Three clusters, namely clusters A
(younger), B (frail older), and C (active older), were identified from the dendrogram. The
participants in cluster A frequently performed paid work. In cluster B, the frequencies of
all the physical activity and exercise patterns were low. The older people in cluster C
regularly performed stretching/light-intensity exercises, walking, muscle-strengthening
exercises, and house and garden maintenance tasks. [Conclusion] We found that the physical
activity and exercise after lumbar surgery in Japanese patients could be divided into
three patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Higuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare: 501 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
| | - Yu Kondo
- Sapporo Maruyama Orthopedic Hospital, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare: 501 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0033, Japan
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Garcia Meneguci CA, Meneguci J, Sasaki JE, Tribess S, Júnior JSV. Physical activity, sedentary behavior and functionality in older adults: A cross-sectional path analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246275. [PMID: 33513196 PMCID: PMC7846014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disability is negatively associated with the health of older adults, and it can be mediated by healthy lifestyles and behaviors throughout one's life. In this context, understanding the interrelationships between sedentary behavior, physical activity and functionality may assist in the implementation of effective public health actions. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between both physical activity and sedentary behavior and functionality in older adults and the possible mediators. The variables analyzed were selected according to the content analysis of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model, and included activity, participation, health conditions, body functions and structures, environmental factors and personal factors. 419 individuals participated in the study. Physical activity was directly associated with disability in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and the association was mediated by self-esteem, aerobic endurance, and agility/balance. Sedentary behavior was indirectly associated with IADL disability, and the association was mediated by aerobic resistance, nutritional status, and agility/balance. Regarding the basic activities of daily living (BADL), physical activity showed an indirect association mediated by aerobic resistance and IADL. The association of sedentary behavior with BADL was mediated by aerobic resistance and lower limb flexibility. These results reinforce the idea that functionality is multidimensional, and the mediating factors must be considered when strategies for promoting physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior are designed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joilson Meneguci
- Graduate Program in Health Care, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Jeffer Eidi Sasaki
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Sheilla Tribess
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Jair Sindra Virtuoso Júnior
- Graduate Program in Health Care, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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Sanchez-Lastra MA, Molina AJ, Martin V, Fernández-Villa T, Cancela JM, Ayan C. Is Stretching Exercise An Adequate Control Group in Clinical Trials Aimed at Improving Physical Fitness and Function of Older Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:889-910. [PMID: 32498038 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine if stretching exercise can be implemented as an adequate control therapy in exercise randomized controlled trials aimed at improving physical fitness and physical function in older adults. Five electronic databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials focused in the physical fitness and function of older adults using stretching exercise as control group. The methodological quality was assessed and a meta-analysis was carried out. Sixteen studies were included, 13 in the meta-analysis. The methodological quality ranged from fair to good. The meta-analysis only in the controls resulted in significant improvements in different functional parameters related to walking, balance, knee flexion strength, or global physical function. The interventions, compared with the controls, significantly improved balance and knee strength parameters. Stretching exercise as control therapy in older people can lead to beneficial effects and could influence the interpretation of the effect size in the intervention groups.
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Exercise Interventions for Community-Dwelling Older Adults Following an Emergency Department Consultation for a Minor Injury. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 29:267-279. [PMID: 33108761 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study compared effects of exercise-based interventions with usual care on functional decline, physical performance, and health-related quality of life (12-item Short-Form health survey) at 3 and 6 months after minor injuries, in older adults discharged from emergency departments. Participants were randomized either to the intervention or control groups. The interventions consisted of 12-week exercise programs available in their communities. Groups were compared on cumulative incidences of functional decline, physical performances, and 12-item Short-Form health survey scores at all time points. Functional decline incidences were: intervention, 4.8% versus control, 15.4% (p = .11) at 3 months, and 5.3% versus 17.0% (p = .06) at 6 months. While the control group remained stable, the intervention group improved in Five Times Sit-To-Stand Test (3.0 ± 4.5 s, p < .01). The 12-item Short-Form health survey role physical score improvement was twice as high following intervention compared with control. Early exercises improved leg strength and reduced self-perceived limitations following a minor injury.
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Chase JAD, Otmanowski J, Rowland S, Cooper PS. A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to reduce sedentary behavior among older adults. Transl Behav Med 2020; 10:1078-1085. [DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibz189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with numerous negative health outcomes, independent of physical activity behavior. Older adults are the most sedentary population in the United States. Understanding the effects and characteristics of existing interventions to reduce SB can inform practice, future research, and public health initiatives to improve older adults’ health. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine existing SB intervention research among older adults and quantitatively synthesize intervention effects. Comprehensive searches were conducted to identify studies testing interventions to reduce SB time among adults at least 60 years old. Data on study design, intervention content and delivery, and participant characteristics were extracted from eligible studies. Standardized mean difference effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were synthesized using a random-effects model for two-group pretest–posttest design studies. Twenty-two reports describing 17 distinct studies were included in the narrative synthesis, with eight studies included in the meta-analysis (k = 8; n = 1,024). Most interventions were theory-driven and employed multiple strategies, including education, self-monitoring, and goal setting. Although SB interventions significantly reduced total sedentary time, the overall effect was small (d = −0.25, 95% confidence interval [−0.50, 0.00], p = .05). Studies were significantly heterogeneous (Q = 22.34, p < .01); however, the small number of comparisons prevented moderator analyses. Practitioners should employ diverse SB-specific strategies to encourage older adults to reduce time spent sedentary. To develop public health programs targeting SB in older adults, future research should include measures of time spent in specific SB and duration/number of breaks in sedentary time and investigate SB intervention effects on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo-Ana D Chase
- Sinclair School of Nursing, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Sheri Rowland
- College of Nursing – Lincoln Division, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Buckinx F, Bruyère O, Lengelé L, Reginster JY, Marchal Q, Hurtrez P, Mouton A. The effects of GAMotion (a giant exercising board game) on physical capacity, motivation and quality of life among nursing home residents: A pilot interventional study. Exp Gerontol 2020; 138:110983. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bischoff-Ferrari HA, de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino C, Rival S, Vellas B, Rizzoli R, Kressig RW, Kanis JA, Manson JE, Dawson-Hughes B, Orav EJ, da Silva JAP, Blauth M, Felsenberg D, Ferrari SM, Theiler R, Egli A. DO-HEALTH: Vitamin D3 - Omega-3 - Home exercise - Healthy aging and longevity trial - Design of a multinational clinical trial on healthy aging among European seniors. Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 100:106124. [PMID: 32858228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DO-HEALTH is a multi-center clinical trial among 2157 community-dwelling European men and women age 70 and older. The 2x2x2 randomized-control factorial design trial tested the individual and additive benefit, as well as the cost-effectiveness, of 3 interventions: vitamin D 2000 IU/day, omega-3 fatty acids 1000 mg/day (EPA + DHA, ratio 1:2), and a 30-minute 3 times/week home exercise (strength versus flexibility). Each treatment tested has shown considerable prior promise from mechanistic studies, small clinical trials, or large cohort studies, in the prevention of common age-related chronic diseases, but definitive data are missing. DO-HEALTH will test these interventions in relation to 6 primary endpoints (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, non-vertebral fractures, Short Physical Performance Battery score, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and risk of infections), plus several secondary endpoints explored in ancillary studies (i.e. rate of any falls and injurious falls, joint pain, oral health, quality of life, and incident frailty). As the 3 interventions have distinct mechanisms of action for each of the 6 primary endpoints, a maximum benefit is expected for their additive benefit as a "multi-modal" intervention. The trial duration is 3 years with in-person contacts with all participants at 4 clinical visits and by quarterly phone calls. Baseline and follow-up blood samples were collected in all participants to measure changes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and poly-unsaturated fatty acid concentrations. Our objective was to test interventions that are expected to promote healthy aging and longer life expectancy and that can be easily and safely implemented by older community-dwelling adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, City HospitalWaid & Triemli and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Geriatric Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; University Clinic for Acute Geriatric Care, City Hospital Waid&Triemli, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Sandrine Rival
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, City HospitalWaid & Triemli and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Center Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1027, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - René Rizzoli
- Division of Bone Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Reto W Kressig
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John A Kanis
- Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Sheffield Medical School, United Kingdom; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bess Dawson-Hughes
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Endel J Orav
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael Blauth
- Department for Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dieter Felsenberg
- Center for Muscle and Bone Research, Department of Radiology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Robert Theiler
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, City HospitalWaid & Triemli and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Geriatric Medicine and Aging Research, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Egli
- Center on Aging and Mobility, University Hospital Zurich, City HospitalWaid & Triemli and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Scolari GADS, Derhun FM, Rissardo LK, Baldissera VDA, Radovanovic CAT, Carreira L. Participation in the coexistence center for elderly: repercussions and challenges. Rev Bras Enferm 2020; 73 Suppl 3:e20190226. [PMID: 32756801 DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the repercussions on the life of the elderly after joining a coexistence center and the existing challenges from the perspective of the participants and their families. METHODS Qualitative research conducted with 16 elderly from a coexistence center and 14 family members. Data were collected through individual interviews and subjected to content analysis. RESULTS Two thematic categories were identified: "Before and after: changes in the life of the elderly after joining the coexistence center" and "Aspects needed to improve care in the coexistence center". Final Considerations: The benefits of older people's participation in the service are evidenced by changes in lifestyle and interrelationships. However, there is a need to expand assistance in these institutions, with a multidisciplinary team trained in gerontogeriatric care, as well as to consider the importance of nursing as a science of care and insert it in this service.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lígia Carreira
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Ruangthai R, Phoemsapthawee J, Makaje N, Phimphaphorn P. Comparative effects of water- and land-based combined exercise training in hypertensive older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 90:104164. [PMID: 32650155 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A randomized controlled trial was designed to compare water- and land-based combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise training programs on cardiometabolic parameters, functional fitness, and quality-of-life (QoL) in hypertensive older adults. METHODS Fifty-three participants were divided into three groups: 1) land-based exercise group (LET, n=17), 2) water-based exercise group (WET, n=16), and 3) control group (CON, n=20). All programs comprised of a 12-week supervised training program (three 1-hr sessions per week), followed by a 12-week self-supervised training program. Blood pressure (BP), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total nitrite/nitrate (NOx-), malondialdehyde (MDA), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), blood lipids, functional fitness, and QoL were assessed before and after each period. RESULTS Following the supervised period, systolic BP, rate-pressure product, GPx, NOx-, MDA, hs-CRP concentrations, physical and psychological domains, and overall QoL significantly improved in both training groups. Only the WET improved LDL-C and lipoprotein combine index. Meanwhile, the 30s chair-stand test and 2-min step test improved only in the LET. Succeeding the self-supervised period, systolic BP and NOx- concentration significantly improved in both training groups. Notwithstanding, the 30s chair-standing and arm curl tests improved only in the LET. CONCLUSIONS Both training programs rendered ameliorated systolic BP, antioxidant capacity and inflammation, muscular strength, aerobic endurance and QoL with a higher progression in the LET. Nevertheless, metabolic variables were greater improved in the WET. Additionally, due to greater exercise participation, the WET program may be a useful tool in motivating hypertensive older adults to continuously exercise on their own.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratree Ruangthai
- Department of Sports Science and Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Jatuporn Phoemsapthawee
- Department of Sports Science and Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Niromlee Makaje
- Department of Sports Science and Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Phornphon Phimphaphorn
- Department of Sports Science and Health, Faculty of Sports Science, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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German version of the outcome expectations for exercise scale-2 : Psychometric properties in geriatric patients after hip or pelvic fractures with fear of falling. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2020; 54:582-589. [PMID: 32623492 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-020-01753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical exercise is associated with many health benefits. Especially for older adults it is challenging to achieve an appropriate adherence to exercise programs. The outcome expectations for exercise scale 2 (OEE-2) is a 13-item self-report questionnaire to assess negative and positive exercise outcome expectations in older adults. The aim of this study was to translate the OEE‑2 into German and to assess the psychometric properties of this version. METHODS The OEE‑2 was translated from English into German including a forward and backward translation process. Psychometric properties were assessed in 115 patients with hip/pelvic fractures (76% female, mean age 82.5 years) and fear of falling during geriatric inpatient rehabilitation. RESULTS Principal component analyses could confirm a two-factor solution (positive/negative OEE) that explained 58% of the total variance, with an overall internal reliability of α = 0.89. Cronbach's α for the 9‑item positive OEE subscale was 0.89, for the 4‑item negative OEE subscale 0.79. The two subscales were correlated with rs = 0.49. Correlations of the OEE total score were highest with the perceived ability to manage falls, prefracture leisure time activities and prior training history (rs = 0.35-0.41). CONCLUSION These results revealed good internal reliability and construct validity of the German version of the OEE‑2. The instrument is valid for measuring physical exercise outcome expectations in older, German-speaking patients with hip or pelvic fractures and fear of falling.
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50
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Xiao T, Yang L, Smith L, Loprinzi PD, Veronese N, Yao J, Zhang Z, Yu JJ. Correlation Between Cognition and Balance Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults Observed Through a Tai Chi Intervention Program. Front Psychol 2020; 11:668. [PMID: 32328017 PMCID: PMC7153433 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Age-associated decline in cognition and balance may cause severe ability loss for daily living activities among middle-aged and older adults. The relationship between cognition and balance in this aging population remains to be explored. Objective The present study Is exploratory in nature and aimed to examine the relationship between balance (both static and dynamic components) and global cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults through Tai Chi (TC) practice as a research avenue. Methods A short-term (12 weeks) intervention of TC was conducted among middle-aged and older adults in the community setting. Global cognitive function (using the Chinese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (MoCA) and balance (i.e., one leg standing test score; Timed Up and Go Test score, TUGT) of all participants were assessed before and after the intervention. Age, body mass index (BMI), sex, and physical fitness variables (Chair Stand Test, CST; the 6-Meter Walk Test, 6MWT) were also collected as confounding factors. Results Significant moderator effects of baseline CST on the association between the dichotomized baseline MoCA score and the baseline left leg balance score (p = 0.0247), the baseline right leg balance score (p = 0.0140) and the baseline TUGT score (p = 0.0346) were found. Change score of left score balance (p = 0.0192) and change score of TUGT (p = 0.0162) were found to be significantly associated with change score of cognitive function. Conclusion Cognitive function and balance are interrelated in middle-aged and older adults. The association between global cognitive function and balance Is moderated by strength of lower limbs. The change scores of cognitive function and balance introduced by TC training were found to be positively correlated. Future research Is warranted to further confirm the cause-effect relationship of cognitive function and balance and its influencing factors among middle-aged and older adults utilizing intervention studies with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiao
- College of Mathematics and Statistics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Departments of Oncology and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Lee Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D Loprinzi
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management School of Applied Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Jie Yao
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zonghao Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jane Jie Yu
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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