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Shakerian M, Nami M, Jahangiri M, Hasanzadeh J, Alimohammadlou M, Choobineh A. Validating the effectiveness of a self-report tool to predict unsafe behavior of industrial workers: a QEEG analysis. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 2024; 30:624-634. [PMID: 38562111 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2330249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Objectives. Unsafe behavior (UB) is defined as the likelihood of intentionally or unintentionally deviating from pre-defined plans. This study aims to investigate the validation of a self-report tool for measuring workers' cognitive-based UB using quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). Methods. The cognitive-based unsafe behavior questionnaire (CUBQ) was completed by 632 front-line workers in a manufacturing industry to identify differences in the backgrounds of the subjects regarding UBs. Two groups were then selected as extreme groups and QEEG was conducted based on the international 10-20 electrode placement. Results. The mean values of absolute power (AP), alpha/beta ratio (ABR) and alpha/gamma ratio (AGR) from brain oscillations in different regions of the cortex were significantly different between the studied groups (p < 0.05). Additionally, these values were found to be significantly correlated with slips, lapses and mistakes, as measured by certain scales of the CUBQ (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The findings of this study indicated differences in brain oscillation activities among industrial workers with different UB backgrounds. These results confirm the effectiveness of CUBQ as a proactive tool for safety practitioners to predict industrial workers' UBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Shakerian
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nami
- Department of Social Sciences, Canadian University Dubai, UAE
- Brain, Cognition, and Behavior Unit, BrainHub Academy, UAE
| | - Mehdi Jahangiri
- School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | | | - Alireza Choobineh
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Zhao K, Zhu H, Huang L, Yang N, Othman SMA, Shi W, Hua H, Liang H, Xu Q. Formation Mechanisms, Interrelationships, and Effects of Cognitive Factors on Diet and Physical Activity During the Post-Bariatric Surgery Period: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Compensatory Carry-Over Action Model. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1887-1901. [PMID: 38711676 PMCID: PMC11070847 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s455913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diet and physical activity (PA) are pivotal behaviors for managing energy balance post-bariatric surgery. Given the need for dual behavioral management, understanding the interplay of cognitive factors influencing these behaviors is crucial. This study applied the compensatory carry-over action model (CCAM) to explore the impact of cognitive factors on behaviors and their subsequent effects on subjective health outcomes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients at the third month after bariatric surgery in China. Data on diet and PA status, behavioral cognitive factors (intention, self-efficacy, compensatory belief, transfer cognition), and subjective health outcomes (perceived stress, well-being, quality of life) were collected. Structural equation model (SEM) was employed to test hypotheses in CCAM and assess mediation relationships. Results Analysis of data from 239 patients revealed the following: (1) Among antecedent cognitive factors, only compensatory belief significantly influenced diet (P<0.001). (2) Intention and self-efficacy directly correlated with their respective behaviors, while compensatory belief affected intention, and transfer cognition impacted self-efficacy (P<0.05), aligning with CCAM hypotheses. (3) PA demonstrated significant influence only on perceived stress (P=0.004), whereas diet significantly affected all subjective health outcomes (P<0.05). (4) Mediation analysis indicated intention partially mediated the relationship between compensatory belief and diet and fully mediated the relationship between compensatory belief and PA. Self-efficacy completely mediated the relationship between transfer cognition and diet and PA. Conclusion Transfer cognition's carry-over effect did not directly influence behaviors among antecedent cognitions. Interventions should primarily target improving diet by mitigating compensatory belief. Moreover, diet exhibited a more pronounced impact on overall health compared to PA. Consequently, prioritizing dietary intervention over PA intervention is warranted based on the analysis of CCAM and the aim of promoting joint behaviors post-bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhao
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanfei Zhu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lidong Huang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningli Yang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Wenbing Shi
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Hua
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
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Moriki K, Ogihara H, Yoshikawa K, Kikuchi K, Endo R, Sato T. Effects of sleep quality on pain, cognitive factors, central sensitization, and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2024; 37:119-125. [PMID: 37694349 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-220429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep quality in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) may affect quality of life (QoL), possibly due to worsening pain, central sensitization (CS), and cognitive factors. However, causal relationship among the factors has not been confirmed yet. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that sleep quality in patients with CLBP is attributable to pain, cognitive factors, and CS, and influences QoL, by structural covariance analysis. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited from six health care facilities and 101 patients with CLBP were included. Structural covariance analysis assessed the fit of data to the model using goodness of fit index (GFI), adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI), comparative fit index (CFI), and mean squared approximation error (RMSEA). RESULTS The structural covariance analysis showed that the goodness-of-fit indices were high (GFI = 0.993, AGFI = 0.964, CFI = 1.00, RMSEA < 0.01). Sleep quality was not directly influenced by QoL but rather by CS and cognitive factors. CONCLUSION This study suggests that sleep quality in patients with CLBP is indirectly mediated through multiple pathways, including cognitive factors and CS, which may influence QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hirofumi Ogihara
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nagano University of Health and Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshikawa
- Graduate school of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kenta Kikuchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Iwate Rehabilitation College, Iwate, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Endo
- Graduate school of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Division of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nagano University of Health and Medicine, Nagano, Japan
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Paban V, Mheich A, Spieser L, Sacher M. A multidimensional model of memory complaints in older individuals and the associated hub regions. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1324309. [PMID: 38187362 PMCID: PMC10771290 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1324309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory complaints are highly prevalent among middle-aged and older adults, and they are frequently reported in individuals experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD). SCD has received increasing attention due to its implications for the early detection of dementia. This study aims to advance our comprehension of individuals with SCD by elucidating potential cognitive/psychologic-contributing factors and characterizing cerebral hubs within the brain network. To identify these potential contributing factors, a structural equation modeling approach was employed to investigate the relationships between various factors, such as metacognitive beliefs, personality, anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and resilience, and memory complaints. Our findings revealed that self-esteem and conscientiousness significantly influenced memory complaints. At the cerebral level, analysis of delta and theta electroencephalographic frequency bands recorded during rest was conducted to identify hub regions using a local centrality metric known as betweenness centrality. Notably, our study demonstrated that certain brain regions undergo changes in their hub roles in response to the pathology of SCD. Specifically, the inferior temporal gyrus and the left orbitofrontal area transition into hubs, while the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the middle temporal gyrus lose their hub function in the presence of SCD. This rewiring of the neural network may be interpreted as a compensatory response employed by the brain in response to SCD, wherein functional connectivity is maintained or restored by reallocating resources to other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Paban
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives–UMR 7291), Marseille, France
| | - A. Mheich
- CHUV-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Service des Troubles du Spectre de l’Autisme et Apparentés, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L. Spieser
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LNC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives–UMR 7291), Marseille, France
| | - M. Sacher
- University of Toulouse Jean-Jaurès, CNRS, LCLLE (Laboratoire Cognition, Langues, Langage, Ergonomie–UMR 5263), Toulouse, France
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Zhang L, Han Z, Zhang Y. Editorial: Reading acquisition of Chinese as a second/foreign language, volume II. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1292975. [PMID: 37829061 PMCID: PMC10565512 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1292975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Linjun Zhang
- School of Chinese as a Second Language, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zaizhu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences, Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Alqahtani MM, Alanazi AMM, Aljohani H, Ismaeil TT, Algarni SS, Alotaibi TF, Alotaibi MM, Kalan ME, Lein DH, Alqahtani MK, Alwadeai KS, Almutairi AB, Hendricks PS. The relationship between chronic lung disease diagnosis and the susceptibility to e-cigarette use in adults: The mediation effects of psychosocial, cognitive influences, and the moderation effect of physiological factors. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:116. [PMID: 37745030 PMCID: PMC10515703 DOI: 10.18332/tid/169741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a paucity of studies on e-cigarette use among adults with chronic lung disease. In the present study, we aimed to assess whether psychosocial or cognitive factors elucidate the relationship between chronic lung disease (CLD) and susceptibility to e-cigarette use and whether the relationship between CLD and e-cigarette use is conditional on the presence of respiratory symptoms. METHODS We recruited adults aged ≥18 years in Alabama with CLD from university medical clinics (n=140) and individuals without CLD (n=123 as a reference group). Information on sociodemographics, susceptibility to e-cigarette use, psychosocial factors, and cognitive factors were collected. Mediation analysis was used to assess whether the psychosocial factors or cognitive factors explained the association between CLD and susceptibility to using e-cigarettes, and moderation analysis was conducted to determine if respiratory factors would change the association between CLD and susceptibility to e-cigarette use. RESULTS Psychosocial factors (stress, depression, anxiety) and e-cigarette positive expectancy were notably high among individuals with CLD. Having CLD was associated with a lower likelihood of susceptibility to e-cigarette use. Higher levels of stress, being a smoker, boredom, taste/sensorimotor manipulation, and social facilitation were associated with higher odds of susceptibility to using e-cigarettes among individuals with CLD. Mediation analysis indicated a statistically significant indirect effect of CLD on the susceptibility to using e-cigarettes through stress and boredom reduction. We did not find a statistically significant interaction between CLD and respiratory symptoms affecting susceptibility to using e-cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with CLD often exhibit stress, depression, and a positive view of e-cigarettes but are generally less inclined to use them. Stress, smoking habits, boredom, taste, and social influence can increase their susceptibility to e-cigarette use. Our findings call for further exploration to evaluate the temporal relationship between CLD status, psychosocial factors, cognitive factors, and susceptibility to using e-cigarettes. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov, on 5 November 2019. Identifier: NCT04151784.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Respiratory Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M M Alanazi
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Respiratory Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Aljohani
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Respiratory Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha T Ismaeil
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Respiratory Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh S Algarni
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Respiratory Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareq F Alotaibi
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Respiratory Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour M Alotaibi
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Donald H Lein
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Mobarak K Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Respiratory Care, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Alwadeai
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar B Almutairi
- Physical Therapy Department, School of Allied Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Peter S Hendricks
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
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Saini S, Golwala P, Tiwari D. Development and Validation of the Cognitive Behavior Questionnaire in Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain (CBQ-NSCLBP). Cureus 2023; 15:e41853. [PMID: 37581134 PMCID: PMC10423101 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It's common to experience chronic low back pain (CLBP), having serious psychological as well as physical implications. The experience of CLBP and its management depends greatly on cognitive and behavioral aspects. However, there is a requirement for a valid and reliable instrument that assesses the characteristics associated with this condition. Purpose The Cognitive Behavior Questionnaire in Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain (CBQ-NSCLBP), a questionnaire for measuring cognitive behavior was created and validated for this study. Methodology To validate the instrument, the consensus technique with two rounds of the modified Delphi process was used. With a varied background, 13 experts in the field were specifically chosen. Utilizing the literature review, an outline of the questionnaire was created. Each of the suggested things was evaluated by the experts using a five-point Likert scale. The items completed the descriptive analysis using the criteria for validation and elimination. Results The research findings showed that the CBQ-NSCLBP had good psychometric characteristics. The content Validity Ratio (CVR) (Critical) for a panel size (N) of 13 is 0.54 & for CBQ-NSCLBP is 0.70, which was regarded as indicative of strong content validity. Test-retest reliability showed that intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values for all the items were greater than 0.9 which indicates excellent reliability. Spearman's correlation test between CBQ-NSCLBP and the Survey of Pain Questionnaire-Brief (SOPA-B) has shown that all the items are valid since the correlation value is higher than the cutoff value (0.139). Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed and three factors were retained based on eigenvalue greater than one. Conclusion In order to evaluate cognitive behavior in Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain (NSCLBP), we created this tool. This will make it easy to understand the level of cognition in NSCLBP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Saini
- Physiotherapy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, IND
- Physiotherapy, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, IND
| | | | - Devashish Tiwari
- Physiotherapy, Massachusetts General Hospital Institute of Health Professions, Boston, USA
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Kalantzi V, Kalafati IP, Belitsi V, Tsiampalis T, Koutsonasios I, Androutsos O, Bonoti F, Panagiotakos DB, Kosti RI. Cardiometabolic Patient-Related Factors Influencing the Adherence to Lifestyle Changes and Overall Treatment: A Review of the Recent Literature. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051153. [PMID: 37240798 DOI: 10.3390/life13051153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well acknowledged that most of the modifiable risk factors for Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) can be averted through lifestyle modifications beyond medication adherence. This review aims to critically evaluate the cardiometabolic (CM) patient-related factors that influence the adherence to lifestyle changes studied alone and/or in combination with medication. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed articles from 2000 to 2023 retrieved 379 articles. After removing the articles which were not relevant, a total of 28 cross-sectional studies was chosen (12 qualitative, and 16 quantitative). The findings confirmed that five groups of factors influence patients' adherence to overall treatment: (1) health beliefs, knowledge, and perceptions regarding the risks and challenges of disease and medication intake along with adherence process perceptions; (2) self-concept; (3) emotions; (4) patient-healthcare providers relationship/communication and (5) social and cultural interactions. It is worth mentioning that cultural issues, such as culinary particularities, ethnic identity, social life as well as patients' skills and abilities, play a profound role in the effectiveness of the recommended lifestyle modifications beyond the aforementioned common factors. The need for clear-cut culturally adapted guidelines along with personalized advice from physicians is imperative as it could improve patients' self-efficacy. These socio-psychological factors should be seriously considered as a means to increase the effectiveness of future community prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Kalantzi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sports and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Ioanna Panagiota Kalafati
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sports and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Belitsi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sports and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Thomas Tsiampalis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sports and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Odysseas Androutsos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sports and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Fotini Bonoti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sports and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT 2617, Australia
| | - Rena I Kosti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sports and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42132 Trikala, Greece
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Halaj A, Strauss AY, Zalaznik D, Fradkin I, Zlotnick E, Andersson G, Ebert DD, Huppert JD. Examining the relationship between cognitive factors and insight in panic disorder before and during treatment. Cogn Behav Ther 2023:1-16. [PMID: 36880358 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2023.2179539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with Panic Disorder (PD) often have impaired insight, which can impede their willingness to seek treatment. Cognitive processes, including metacognitive beliefs, cognitive flexibility, and jumping to conclusions (JTC) may influence the degree of insight. By understanding the relationship between insight and these cognitive factors in PD, we can better identify individuals with such vulnerabilities to improve their insight. The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between metacognition, cognitive flexibility, and JTC with clinical and cognitive insight at pretreatment. We investigate the association among those factors' changes and changes in insight over treatment. Eighty-three patients diagnosed with PD received internet-based cognitive behavior therapy. Analyses revealed that metacognition was related to both clinical and cognitive insight, and cognitive flexibility was related to clinical insight at pre-treatment. Greater changes in metacognition were correlated with greater changes in clinical insight. Also, greater changes in cognitive flexibility were related to greater changes in cognitive insight. The current study extends previous studies suggesting potential relationships among insight, metacognition, and cognitive flexibility in PD. Determining the role of cognitive concepts in relation to insight may lead to new avenues for improving insight and can have implications for engagement and treatment-seeking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asala Halaj
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Asher Y Strauss
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Dina Zalaznik
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Isaac Fradkin
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Elad Zlotnick
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Department for Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University Munich, München, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Huppert
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
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Zhi Y, Wu L. Extended reality in language learning: A cognitive affective model of immersive learning perspective. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1109025. [PMID: 36818096 PMCID: PMC9935696 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1109025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A surge in the interest and implementation of extended reality (XR)-based lessons in language learning has resulted in many related studies. Recent reviews that summarized these studies and the previous studies focus on the technologies used in language-learning settings or the different ways of incorporating XR tools in language-learning activities. However, less work has been done to synthesize XR-based language-learning studies from a language-learning theory perspective. Thus, this study delineates the contour of scholarly literature on XR in language learning using the Cognitive Affective Model of Immersive Learning (CAMIL). The model contains six affective and cognitive factors that lead to XR-based learning: interest, motivation, self-efficacy, embodiment, cognitive load, and self-regulation. This model was adopted in the current study to systematically synthesize the findings from primary studies published between 2017 and 2022 to construct XR explanations on language learning from a cognitive theory perspective. Studies published in 12 indexed privileged journals in the language education and technology field on XR in language learning were reviewed. The results showed that the factors in the CAMIL led to factual, conceptual, and procedural knowledge acquisition and transfer. This study provides some insights into understanding the cognitive outcomes of XR-based language learning by analyzing the findings from previous studies. Suggestions for future studies are proposed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Zhi
- Department of English, College of Foreign Languages, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihuan Wu
- School of Foreign Languages, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Lihuan Wu,
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11
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Shao T, Zhou X. Correlates of physical activity habits in adolescents: A systematic review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1131195. [PMID: 37179839 PMCID: PMC10172932 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1131195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity habits are crucial for the physical and mental wellbeing of adolescents (individuals aged 10-19 years). However, few studies over the last two decades have systematically aggregated the influential factors of physical activity habits for adolescents. Five online databases (EBSCOhost (Eric), Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched for relevant studies published before 14 August 2022. Our systematic review indicated the following: 1) boys performed more physical activity habits than girls, whereas girls preferred to engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; 2) physical activity in adolescents decreased with age; 3) African American adolescents performed significantly more habitual physical activities than white adolescents; 4) adolescents with higher literacy had better physical activity habits; 5) support from parents, teachers, friends, and others helped adolescents in developing physical activity habits; 6) adolescents who spent less time participating in habitual physical activity had a higher body mass index; 7) adolescents who reported higher levels of self-efficacy and satisfaction with school sports tended to have stronger physical activity habits; 8) sedentary behavior, smoking, drinking, prolonged screen time, negative emotions, and excessive use of media technology were correlated with reduced habitual physical activity in adolescents. These findings could help develop interventions to motivate adolescents and promote physical activity habits among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Shao
- College of Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Xiaogang Zhou,
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12
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Goudman L, Vets N, Jansen J, De Smedt A, Moens M. The Association Between Bodily Functions and Cognitive/Emotional Factors in Patients With Chronic Pain Treated With Neuromodulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. Neuromodulation 2023; 26:3-24. [PMID: 35088738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, pain relief in general continues to be the most prominent outcome measurement in daily routine care and clinical research. Nevertheless, the awareness of a shift toward more functional outcomes and/or emotional and cognitive outcomes has been raised. The interplay between bodily functions (such as pain intensity) and emotional or cognitive factors, however, has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence for associations between bodily functions and cognitive and emotional factors in patients with chronic pain who are treated with neuromodulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four data bases were consulted for this systematic literature review: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase. The Downs and Black Checklist (modified) was used to assess the risk of bias. The study protocol was prospectively registered at the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42021226803). If two or more studies reported correlation coefficients for a specific association, a meta-analysis based on correlation coefficients was performed for that specific association. RESULTS The initial data base search identified a total of 1432 studies, of which 19 studies were eventually included in the systematic review. Evidence was found for two associations: 1) a positive correlation between pain intensity and anxiety (r = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.34 to 0.50) and 2) a positive correlation between pain intensity and depression (r = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.51). The association between pain intensity and catastrophizing was not statistically significant (r = 0.23; 95% CI, -0.36 to 0.69). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of the associations between pain intensity and anxiety/depression, a biopsychosocial approach might be the most suitable in clinical practice to properly address all aspects of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health framework in patients who are treated with neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Goudman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; STIMULUS consortium (reSearch and TeachIng neuroModULation Uz bruSsel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Pain in Motion (PAIN) Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nieke Vets
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; STIMULUS consortium (reSearch and TeachIng neuroModULation Uz bruSsel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Jansen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; STIMULUS consortium (reSearch and TeachIng neuroModULation Uz bruSsel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann De Smedt
- STIMULUS consortium (reSearch and TeachIng neuroModULation Uz bruSsel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maarten Moens
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; STIMULUS consortium (reSearch and TeachIng neuroModULation Uz bruSsel), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Pain in Motion (PAIN) Research Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Radiology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Kalu ME, Bello-Haas VD, Griffin M, Boamah S, Harris J, Zaide M, Rayner D, Khattab N, Abrahim S, Richardson TK, Savatteri N, Wang Y, Tkachyk C. Cognitive, psychological and social factors associated with older adults' mobility: a scoping review of self-report and performance-based measures. Psychogeriatrics 2022; 22:553-573. [PMID: 35535013 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although many factors have been associated with mobility among older adults, there is paucity of research that explores the complexity of factors that influence mobility. This review aims to synthesise the available evidence for factors comprising the cognitive, psychological, and social mobility determinants and their associations with mobility self-reported and performance-based outcomes in older adults (60 years). We followed Arksey and O'Malley's five stages of a scoping review and searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO, Web of Science, AgeLine, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature and Sociological Abstract databases. Reviewers in pairs independently conducted title, abstract, full-text screening and data extraction. We reported associations by analyses rather than articles because articles reported multiple associations for factors and several mobility outcomes. Associations were categorised as significantly positive, negative, or not significant. We included 183 peer-reviewed articles published in 27 countries, most of which were cross-sectional studies and conducted among community-dwelling older adults. The 183 articles reported 630 analyses, of which 381 (60.5%) were significantly associated with mobility outcomes in the expected direction. For example, older adults with higher cognitive functioning such as better executive functioning had better mobility outcomes (e.g., faster gait speed), and those with poor psychological outcomes, such as depressive symptoms, or social outcomes such as reduced social network, had poorer mobility outcomes (e.g., slower gait speed) compared to their counterparts. Studies exploring the association between cognitive factors, personality (a psychological factor) and self-reported mobility outcomes (e.g., walking for transportation or driving), and social factors and performance-based mobility outcomes in older adults are limited. Understanding the additive relationships between cognitive, psychological, and social factors highlights the complexity of older adults' mobility across different forms of mobility, including independence, use of assistive devices, transportation, and driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Kalu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanina Dal Bello-Haas
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meridith Griffin
- Department of Health, Aging & Society, Faculty of Social Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sheila Boamah
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Harris
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mashal Zaide
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Rayner
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nura Khattab
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Salma Abrahim
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Yimo Wang
- Myodetox Markham, Markham, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Peng XQ, Yang N, Zhang C, Nyarkoa WA, Shen YZ, Jiang H, Li S, You H, Zhou H, Wang L. Cognitive Factors of Weight Management During Pregnancy Among Chinese Women: A Study Applying Protective Motivation Theory. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:612-622. [PMID: 35220730 DOI: 10.1177/08901171211056607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the psychological cognitive factors of weight management during pregnancy based on protective motivation theory (PMT). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Participants were recruited at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China. SAMPLE A sample of 533 pregnant women was enrolled in the study. MEASURES Measures was a self-design questionnaire, comprising of demographics, cognition of weight management during pregnancy, and weight management behavior during pregnancy. ANALYSIS Structural equation modeling was used to examine the weight management's cognitive factors, path relationships, and the influence of maternal characteristics. RESULTS Self-efficacy cognition could promote gestational weight management behavior (b = .22, P < .001), but response cost cognition hindered gestational weight management (b = -.21, P < .001). Parity moderated pregnant women's self-efficacy cognition (diff b = .24, P < .01), where the self-efficacy of nullipara promoted weight management behaviors, but the self-efficacy of multipara had no significant effect. Also, the response cost factors stably existed in primipara and multipara groups, with multipara, being positively affected by response efficacy (b = .15, P < .05). CONCLUSION Findings highlight the need for psychological and cognitive interventions. Intervention strategies that focus on enabling women to correctly understand response cost and make an active response, improve self-efficacy cognition especially among primipara, and strengthening multipara's response efficacy among pregnant are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Qing Peng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, 12461Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Οbstetrics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 12461Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Nursing Humanity and Management, School of Nursing, 12461Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Walker Anita Nyarkoa
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, 12461Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Zhan Shen
- Department of Medical Affairs, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, 12461Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, 12461Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Li
- National Physical Fitness Research Center, 322323Jiangsu Research Institute of Sports Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua You
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, 12461Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Nursing Humanity and Management, School of Nursing, 12461Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Οbstetrics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 12461Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Οbstetrics, Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, 12461Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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15
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Abstract
We propose a novel active learning framework for activity recognition using wearable sensors. Our work is unique in that it takes limitations of the oracle into account when selecting sensor data for annotation by the oracle. Our approach is inspired by human-beings' limited capacity to respond to prompts on their mobile device. This capacity constraint is manifested not only in the number of queries that a person can respond to in a given time-frame but also in the time lag between the query issuance and the oracle response. We introduce the notion of mindful active learning and propose a computational framework, called EMMA, to maximize the active learning performance taking informativeness of sensor data, query budget, and human memory into account. We formulate this optimization problem, propose an approach to model memory retention, discuss the complexity of the problem, and propose a greedy heuristic to solve the optimization problem. Additionally, we design an approach to perform mindful active learning in batch where multiple sensor observations are selected simultaneously for querying the oracle. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using three publicly available activity datasets and by simulating oracles with various memory strengths. We show that the activity recognition accuracy ranges from 21% to 97% depending on memory strength, query budget, and difficulty of the machine learning task. Our results also indicate that EMMA achieves an accuracy level that is, on average, 13.5% higher than the case when only informativeness of the sensor data is considered for active learning. Moreover, we show that the performance of our approach is at most 20% less than the experimental upper-bound and up to 80% higher than the experimental lower-bound. To evaluate the performance of EMMA for batch active learning, we design two instantiations of EMMA to perform active learning in batch mode. We show that these algorithms improve the algorithm training time at the cost of a reduced accuracy in performance. Another finding in our work is that integrating clustering into the process of selecting sensor observations for batch active learning improves the activity learning performance by 11.1% on average, mainly due to reducing the redundancy among the selected sensor observations. We observe that mindful active learning is most beneficial when the query budget is small and/or the oracle's memory is weak. This observation emphasizes advantages of utilizing mindful active learning strategies in mobile health settings that involve interaction with older adults and other populations with cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Esna Ashari
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 USA
| | - Naomi S Chaytor
- Department of Medical Education and Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, 99202 USA
| | - Diane J Cook
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 USA
| | - Hassan Ghasemzadeh
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164 USA
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16
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Pellizzoni S, Cargnelutti E, Cuder A, Passolunghi MC. The interplay between math anxiety and working memory on math performance: a longitudinal study. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1510:132-144. [PMID: 34951707 PMCID: PMC9304239 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mathematical skills are essential to mastering everyday activities, making professional choices, and exercising citizenship in a numerate society. There is extensive evidence of the relationship between math anxiety (MA) and working memory (WM) influencing
math attainment. Studies have mainly considered adult samples, however, leaving primary school children almost unexplored. This study is a first attempt to examine how the complex interplay between MA and WM affects math achievement from a developmental perspective. A total of 148 third graders were assessed with WM, general anxiety (GA), MA, and math tasks. Anxiety and WM were assessed at the beginning of the school year when children started attending grade 3, while math achievement was tested twice at the start of grades 3 and 4. The findings seem to confirm that GA has both a direct and an indirect effect (mediated by WM) on math performance in third and fourth graders. MA has a direct effect on math performance in grade 4, but only an indirect effect in grade 3, suggesting MA has a developmental trajectory, becoming stronger over time. The implications in the educational setting are discussed, pointing to the importance of a combined intervention on MA and WM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa Cargnelutti
- Dipartimento/Unità Operativa Pasian di Prato, Scientific Institute, IRCCS E. Medea, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cuder
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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17
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Susanty A, Puspitasari NB, Prastawa H, Listyawardhani P, Tjahjono B. Antecedent Factors of Green Purchasing Behavior: Learning Experiences, Social Cognitive Factors, and Green Marketing. Front Psychol 2021; 12:777531. [PMID: 34955996 PMCID: PMC8692867 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.777531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study extends the theory of planned behavior (TPB) framework by introducing three further variables (i.e., learning experience, contextual factors, and green marketing) to explain how behavioral intention and actual behavior are induced by situational factors as well as green advertising from the company. Then, this study has four objectives. First, this study will assess the direct effect of personal factors (i.e., demographic factors) and contextual factors on learning experience and the direct effect of personal factors (i.e., demographic factors) on subjective norms. Second, this study will assess the direct effect of learning experience on social cognitive factors for a specific green product. Third, this study will assess the direct effect of social cognitive factors on intention purchasing behavior. Finally, this study will assess the role of green marketing as a moderating variable for the relationship between intention and purchasing behavior. Data used in this study were primary data, which were collected through closed questionnaires with a five-point Likert scale. This study succeeded in obtaining 602 valid data from the results of filling out questionnaires by participants. This study uses the partial least square (PLS) method with SmartPLS 3.0 for data processing. The result of data processing indicated that outcome expectation, self-efficacy, and subjective norms had significant positive effects on purchase intention for green personal care products. This study also found that the learning experience influenced both outcome expectation and self-efficacy. Although weak, the learning experience was influenced by demographic factors and contextual factors. The demographic factors that affect learning experience were gender and level of education. The contextual factor has a more substantial influence on learning experience in developing consumption-related attitudes to green personal care products than the demographic factor. Finally, this study also found the direct effect of intention on actual purchase behavior and the positive role of green marketing as the moderating variable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aries Susanty
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Nia Budi Puspitasari
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Heru Prastawa
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | | | - Benny Tjahjono
- Centre for Business in Society, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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18
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Dierkes K, Mattioni Maturana F, Rösel I, Martus P, Nieß AM, Thiel A, Sudeck G. Different Endurance Exercise Modalities, Different Affective Response: A Within-Subject Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:686661. [PMID: 34484040 PMCID: PMC8411706 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.686661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Affect experienced during an exercise session is supposed to predict future exercise behavior. However, empirical evidence reveals high variability in affective response to different exercise modalities. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to compare acute affective response and its variation during three different endurance exercise modalities: (a) moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE), (b) vigorous-intensity continuous exercise (VICE), and (c) high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Using the dual-mode theory as a theoretical framework, cognitive and interoceptive factors were considered as potential predictors of in-task affective response. In a within-subject design, 40 insufficiently active healthy participants (aged from 20 to 40 years) attended three sessions per exercise modality on a cycle ergometer. Affective valence (measured by the Feeling Scale), two cognitive factors (perceived competence and awareness of interoceptive cues), and one interoceptive factor (heart rate) were assessed before, during, and after each exercise session. Mixed models with three levels (subject, exercise session, and time point) revealed more positive affective valence during MICE compared with VICE (p < 0.001) and HIIE (p < 0.01), while there was no significant difference between the latter two. Levene's test results showed the highest variability of in-task affective valence during VICE (ps < 0.01). Regarding the course across the session, MICE was associated with a constant slight increase in affective valence from pre- to post-exercise (p < 0.05), whereas VICE and HIIE caused a decline in pleasure, followed by an affective rebound immediately after exercise termination (ps < 0.01). The highest importance of cognitive and interoceptive factors for in-task affective valence was observed in VICE (ps < 0.05). The current findings provide support for the tenets of the dual-mode theory, however, indicating that there may be differences in the affect-intensity relationship between continuous and interval exercise. In conclusion, the study results concerning previously insufficiently active individuals extend the knowledge of how exercise can positively shape affective well-being depending on exercise modality and psychophysiological influences. This knowledge enables public health practitioners to design more individualized activity recommendations, thereby improving the subjective experience of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Dierkes
- Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Institute of Sports Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Mattioni Maturana
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Inka Rösel
- Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Martus
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Nieß
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ansgar Thiel
- Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Institute of Sports Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences, Institute of Sports Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Abstract
This study systematically analyzes the factors that affect consumers' green purchase intention. Through a comprehensive literature review, the influencing factors of consumers' green purchase intention are organized into three categories: cognitive factors, consumer individual characteristics, and social factors. Next, a meta-analysis of 54 empirical papers was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.0 software to quantitatively assess these relationships. The results revealed that green perceived value, attitude, and green trust have a significant positive influence on green purchase intention. Perceived behavior control, perceived consumer effectiveness, and subjective norm also has a strong positive impact on green purchase intention. Collectivism has a positive effect on green purchase intention. Green perceived risk has a significant negative impact on green purchase intention. The study's findings provide references for enterprises engaged in green product diffusion and organizations responsible for environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencan Zhuang
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoguang Luo
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Usman Riaz
- School of Economics and Management, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, China
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20
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Écija C, Luque-Reca O, Suso-Ribera C, Catala P, Peñacoba C. Associations of Cognitive Fusion and Pain Catastrophizing with Fibromyalgia Impact through Fatigue, Pain Severity, and Depression: An Exploratory Study Using Structural Equation Modeling. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061763. [PMID: 32517175 PMCID: PMC7356993 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in fibromyalgia impact on functioning exist and appear to be influenced by numerous factors, including symptomatology severity, as well as the cognitive profile of the individual. The contribution of these elements, however, tends to be explored in a fragmented manner. To address this issue, we tested a comprehensive structural equation model in which associations of cognitive fusion and pain catastrophizing with function limitations are investigated through fibromyalgia symptomatology (i.e., fatigue, pain severity, and depression) in 231 women with fibromyalgia. In the model, cognitive fusion and two catastrophizing components (magnification and helplessness) were associated with poorer functioning indirectly through fibromyalgia symptomatology. Only the rumination component of catastrophizing had a direct association with functional limitations. All fibromyalgia symptoms were linked to increased functional limitations. A parsimonious model with significant associations only obtained an excellent fit (S-B χ2 = 774.191, df = 543, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.943; RMSEA = 0.043; CAIC = −2724.04) and accounted for 50% of the variance of functional limitations. These results suggest that the relationship between psychological cognitive processes, fibromyalgia symptomatology, and functional limitations is complex and support the need for comprehensive models such as the present. The findings are discussed in the context of personalized psychological treatments (i.e., the need to address certain cognitive processes according to the problematic symptomatology or outcome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Écija
- Department of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; (C.E.); (O.L.-R.); (P.C.)
| | - Octavio Luque-Reca
- Department of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; (C.E.); (O.L.-R.); (P.C.)
| | - Carlos Suso-Ribera
- Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Jaume I University, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Castelló, Spain;
| | - Patricia Catala
- Department of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; (C.E.); (O.L.-R.); (P.C.)
| | - Cecilia Peñacoba
- Department of Psychology, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; (C.E.); (O.L.-R.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Hannon B. Not All Factors Contribute Equally to European-American and Hispanic Students' SAT Scores. J Intell 2019; 7:E18. [PMID: 31374853 PMCID: PMC6789860 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence7030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This exploratory study shows that the contributions of cognitive, metacognitive awareness, performance avoidance, test anxiety, and socioeconomic family background factors to SAT scores (i.e., overall SAT, SAT-V, SAT-M) may vary as a function of ethnicity (i.e., European-American, Hispanic). Four hundred and fifty-seven students, 282 European-American and 175 Hispanic, completed multiple measures of cognitive, metacognitive awareness, social/personality (i.e., test anxiety, performance avoidance, academic self-efficacy), and socioeconomic family background factors, which were used in regression analyses predicting overall SAT, SAT-V, and SAT-M scores. The results show that most factors contributed significantly to overall SAT, SAT-M, and SAT-V scores. In addition, the ethnicity X test anxiety interaction was significant for all three SAT measures, a finding that suggests ethnic differences in the contributions of test anxiety to overall SAT, SAT-M, and SAT-V scores. For European-American students, test anxiety had no influence on overall SAT and SAT-M scores, whereas for Hispanic students test anxiety had a negative influence on overall SAT and SAT-M scores. For SAT-V scores, interpreting the ethnicity X test anxiety interaction was more complicated because both the significant main effect of test anxiety and the ethnicity X test anxiety interaction must be interpreted together. Whereas test anxiety negatively influenced European-Americans' SAT-V scores, this negative influence was less than the influence it had on Hispanic students' SAT-V scores. Indeed, for Hispanic students with high test anxiety, this negative influence was profound. Taken as a whole, these results suggest that any theory explaining the SAT may need to take into account multiple predictors as well as the possibility that the contributions of these predictors may vary as a function of ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Hannon
- Department of Psychology & Sociology, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX 78363-8202, USA.
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22
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Guzmán-Vélez E, Jaimes S, Aguirre-Acevedo DC, Norton DJ, Papp KV, Amariglio R, Rentz D, Baena A, Henao E, Tirado V, Muñoz C, Giraldo M, Sperling RA, Lopera F, Quiroz YT. A Three-Factor Structure of Cognitive Functioning Among Unimpaired Carriers and Non-Carriers of Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:107-115. [PMID: 30040714 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to find cognitive markers that can help identify individuals at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and that can be used to reliably measure cognitive decline. OBJECTIVE We tested whether a theoretically driven three-factor structure would characterize cognitive functioning in individuals who are genetically-determined to develop AD due to a mutation in Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) gene. We also examined whether these factors could distinguish cognitively unimpaired PSEN1 mutation carriers from age-matched non-carrier family members. METHODS 1,395 cognitively unimpaired members of a Colombian kindred with the PSEN1 E280A mutation were included in the study. A confirmatory factor analysis examined the fit of the three-factor model comprising episodic memory (MMSE memory recall, CERAD-COL Word list recall, and Constructional praxis recall), executive function (Phonemic fluency and WCST perseverative errors), and psychomotor processing speed (TMT-A and WAIS-III Digit Symbol). RESULTS The three-factor model provided an excellent fit for all participants (p = 0.24; RMSEA = 0.01). Further, the episodic memory (p = 0.0004, d = 0.25) and executive functioning (p = 0.001, d = 0.18) factors distinguished cognitively unimpaired carriers from non-carriers. The episodic memory factor provided the earliest indication of preclinical cognitive decline at 35 years of age, nine years before individuals' estimated age of clinical onset. CONCLUSIONS The three theoretically derived cognitive factors provide a reliable measure of cognition and may be useful for the early detection of AD, as well as for measuring disease progression. However, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm that these factors can be used to track the progression of cognitive decline in preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sehily Jaimes
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel C Aguirre-Acevedo
- Grupo Académico de Epidemiología Clínica, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Daniel J Norton
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn V Papp
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Amariglio
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dorene Rentz
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Baena
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Eliana Henao
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Victoria Tirado
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Claudia Muñoz
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Margarita Giraldo
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Yakeel T Quiroz
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Alves MJV, Manita C, Caldas IM, Fernández-Martinez E, Gomes da Silva A, Magalhães T. Evolution and Analysis of Cultural and Cognitive Factors Related With Domestic Violence Against Women. J Interpers Violence 2019; 34:621-641. [PMID: 27139222 DOI: 10.1177/0886260516645570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the occurrence of encouraging political and social changes in the past few years, many beliefs about women's role in intimate relationships persist, influencing their response to domestic violence (DV). This study aims to analyze the influence of recent policies against DV in Portugal, concerning particularly intimate partner violence against women and their perceptions about the victimization process. Two samples of women ( n = 126 each) reporting an aggressive act allegedly perpetrated by the current or former male partner were interviewed with a hiatus of 5 years (before and after some most relevant policy updates). Results suggest a positive influence of the recent policies against DV. Many significant and encouraging changes were found in the more recent women sample (S2) relatively to the first sample (S1) regarding their information, awareness, perceptions, and attitudes toward DV. They seem to show less tolerance and endurance to DV, placing responsibility on the offender, as well as seem more empowered to report. In S2, there was a decrease in the acceptance of violent behaviors as normal and of reasons to explain violence; the fears, shame, and helplessness about DV; the elapsed time between the beginning of the abuse and its report; and the prevalence of more severe types of physical abuse. In S2, there was an increase on the acknowledgment of DV as a crime, the number of reports in cases without cohabitation, the report of psychological abuses, and the feeling of safety and assurance while reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Celina Manita
- 2 Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- 3 CENCIFOR: Forensic Sciences Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Morais Caldas
- 3 CENCIFOR: Forensic Sciences Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
- 4 Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- 5 CFE: Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Angélica Gomes da Silva
- 7 National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences - North Branch, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Magalhães
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- 3 CENCIFOR: Forensic Sciences Centre, Coimbra, Portugal
- 8 University Institute of Health Sciences - CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
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24
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Sabino ADV, Camargo CM, Chagas MHN, Osório FL. Facial Recognition of Happiness Is Impaired in Musicians with High Music Performance Anxiety. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:5. [PMID: 29472873 PMCID: PMC5810303 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Music performance anxiety (MPA) can be defined as a lasting and intense apprehension connected with musical performance in public. Studies suggest that MPA can be regarded as a subtype of social anxiety. Since individuals with social anxiety have deficits in the recognition of facial emotion, we hypothesized that musicians with high levels of MPA would share similar impairments. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare parameters of facial emotion recognition (FER) between musicians with high and low MPA. METHODS 150 amateur and professional musicians with different musical backgrounds were assessed in respect to their level of MPA and completed a dynamic FER task. The outcomes investigated were accuracy, response time, emotional intensity, and response bias. RESULTS Musicians with high MPA were less accurate in the recognition of happiness (p = 0.04; d = 0.34), had increased response bias toward fear (p = 0.03), and increased response time to facial emotions as a whole (p = 0.02; d = 0.39). CONCLUSION Musicians with high MPA displayed FER deficits that were independent of general anxiety levels and possibly of general cognitive capacity. These deficits may favor the maintenance and exacerbation of experiences of anxiety during public performance, since cues of approval, satisfaction, and encouragement are not adequately recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alini Daniéli Viana Sabino
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Cristielli M Camargo
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marcos Hortes N Chagas
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Flávia L Osório
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology - Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
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25
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Torselli E, Ottonello M, Franceschina E, Palagi E, Bertolotti G, Fiabane E. Cognitive and meta cognitive factors among alcohol-dependent patients during a residential rehabilitation program: a pilot study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:1907-1917. [PMID: 30104877 PMCID: PMC6074777 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s166669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this pilot study were to examine cognitive factors (brooding and craving) together with positive/negative metacognitive beliefs about alcohol during a residential program for alcohol addiction and to explore relationships with psychological variables at discharge, with the scope of identifying predictive factors of psychological outcome and patients at greatest risk of relapse. METHODS Thirty patients underwent a brief semistructured interview on admission to a 28-day rehabilitation program for alcohol addiction, and completed at admission and discharge the following five self-report questionnaires: 1) brooding (Brooding subscale of Ruminative Response Scale [B-RRS]), 2) craving (Penn Alcohol Craving Scale [PACS]), 3) positive beliefs about alcohol use (Positive Alcohol Metacognitions Scale [PAMS]), 4) negative beliefs about alcohol use (Negative Alcohol Metacognitions Scale [NAMS]), and 5) the psychophysical state of health (Cognitive Behavioral Assessment - Outcome Evaluation [CBA-OE]). RESULTS Significant changes were found between admission and discharge in CBA-OE, B-RRS, and PACS. Brooding at admission was a significant predictor of post-treatment psychological variables of "anxiety", "depression", and "psychological distress", whereas craving at admission was a good predictor of "perception of positive change" at discharge. CONCLUSION Our results confirm the importance of brooding in mood regulation and its role in the development and maintenance of problem drinking. In addition, craving was negatively associated with the perception of positive change in the post-treatment outcomes and was a predictor of this psychological variable, which includes features related to the individual's resilience and strength. The changes in metacognitive beliefs regarding alcohol use were not statistically significant, but we found a reduction in positive metacognitions and an increase in negative alcohol-related beliefs; future studies are needed to further explore this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Torselli
- Miller Institute for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marcella Ottonello
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, ICS Maugeri Spa SB, Institute of Genoa Nervi, Genoa, Italy,
| | | | - Emanuele Palagi
- Miller Institute for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Elena Fiabane
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, ICS Maugeri Spa SB, Institute of Genoa Nervi, Genoa, Italy, .,Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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26
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Dasari D, Shou G, Ding L. ICA-Derived EEG Correlates to Mental Fatigue, Effort, and Workload in a Realistically Simulated Air Traffic Control Task. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:297. [PMID: 28611575 PMCID: PMC5447707 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalograph (EEG) has been increasingly studied to identify distinct mental factors when persons perform cognitively demanding tasks. However, most of these studies examined EEG correlates at channel domain, which suffers the limitation that EEG signals are the mixture of multiple underlying neuronal sources due to the volume conduction effect. Moreover, few studies have been conducted in real-world tasks. To precisely probe EEG correlates with specific neural substrates to mental factors in real-world tasks, the present study examined EEG correlates to three mental factors, i.e., mental fatigue [also known as time-on-task (TOT) effect], workload and effort, in EEG component signals, which were obtained using an independent component analysis (ICA) on high-density EEG data. EEG data were recorded when subjects performed a realistically simulated air traffic control (ATC) task for 2 h. Five EEG independent component (IC) signals that were associated with specific neural substrates (i.e., the frontal, central medial, motor, parietal, occipital areas) were identified. Their spectral powers at their corresponding dominant bands, i.e., the theta power of the frontal IC and the alpha power of the other four ICs, were detected to be correlated to mental workload and effort levels, measured by behavioral metrics. Meanwhile, a linear regression analysis indicated that spectral powers at five ICs significantly increased with TOT. These findings indicated that different levels of mental factors can be sensitively reflected in EEG signals associated with various brain functions, including visual perception, cognitive processing, and motor outputs, in real-world tasks. These results can potentially aid in the development of efficient operational interfaces to ensure productivity and safety in ATC and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dasari
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of OklahomaNorman, OK, United States
| | - Guofa Shou
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of OklahomaNorman, OK, United States
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of OklahomaNorman, OK, United States.,Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of OklahomaNorman, OK, United States
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27
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Abstract
Situation awareness describes an individual's perception, comprehension and subsequent projection of what is going on in the environment around them. The concept of situation awareness sits within the group of non-technical skills that include teamwork, communication and managing hierarchical lines of communication. The importance of non-technical skills has been recognised in safety-critical industries such as aviation, the military, nuclear, and oil and gas. However, health care has been slow to embrace the role of non-technical skills such as situation awareness in improving outcomes and minimising the risk of error. This article explores the concept of situation awareness and the cognitive processes involved in maintaining it. In addition, factors that lead to a loss of situation awareness and strategies to improve situation awareness are discussed.
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28
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Kusev P, Purser H, Heilman R, Cooke AJ, Van Schaik P, Baranova V, Martin R, Ayton P. Understanding Risky Behavior: The Influence of Cognitive, Emotional and Hormonal Factors on Decision-Making under Risk. Front Psychol 2017; 8:102. [PMID: 28203215 PMCID: PMC5285332 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Financial risky decisions and evaluations pervade many human everyday activities. Scientific research in such decision-making typically explores the influence of socio-economic and cognitive factors on financial behavior. However, very little research has explored the holistic influence of contextual, emotional, and hormonal factors on preferences for risk in insurance and investment behaviors. Accordingly, the goal of this review article is to address the complexity of individual risky behavior and its underlying psychological factors, as well as to critically examine current regulations on financial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petko Kusev
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London London, UK
| | - Harry Purser
- Department of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University Nottingham, UK
| | - Renata Heilman
- Department of Psychology, Babeş-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alex J Cooke
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London London, UK
| | - Paul Van Schaik
- Department of Psychology, Teesside University Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Victoria Baranova
- Department of Psychology, Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow, Russia
| | - Rose Martin
- Department of Psychology, Kingston University London London, UK
| | - Peter Ayton
- Department of Psychology, City University of London London, UK
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Rollo S, Gaston A, Prapavessis H. Cognitive and Motivational Factors Associated with Sedentary Behavior: A Systematic Review. AIMS Public Health 2016; 3:956-984. [PMID: 29546206 PMCID: PMC5690416 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2016.4.956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive time spent in sedentary behavior (SB) is associated with numerous health risks. These associations remain even after controlling for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) and body mass index, indicating that efforts to promote leisure time physical activity alone are insufficient. Cognitive and motivation variables represent potentially modifiable factors and have the potential of furthering our understanding of sedentary behavior. Hence, a systematic review was conducted to synthesize and critique the literature on the relationship between cognitive and motivational factors and sedentary behaviors. In April 2016, four electronic databases (Psych info, Pub Med, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science) were searched and a total of 4866 titles and abstracts were reviewed. After meeting inclusion criteria, study characteristics were extracted and the methodological quality of each study was assessed according to the Downs and Black Checklist. PRISMA guidelines for reporting of systematic reviews were followed. Twenty-five studies (16 cross-sectional, 8 longitudinal and one examining two populations and employing both a cross-sectional and prospective design) assessed 23 different cognitive and motivational factors. Seventeen studies were theory-based and 8 did not employ a theoretical model. Results showed that among SB-related cognitions, risk factors for greater sedentary time included having a more positive attitude towards SB, perceiving greater social support/norms for SB, reporting greater SB habits, having greater intentions to be sedentary, and having higher intrinsic, introjected, and external motivation towards SB. Protective factors associated with lower sedentary time included having greater feelings of self-efficacy/control over SB and greater intentions to reduce SB. Among PA-related cognitions, protective factors for lower SB included a more positive attitude towards PA, having greater social support/norms for PA, greater self-efficacy/control for PA, higher PA intentions, and higher intrinsic and identified motivation towards PA. In addition, feeling more supported and empowered in general was related with lower levels of SB. The average methodological quality score for included studies was 69% (SD = 9.15%; range 35–80%). In conclusion, a number of cognitive and motivational factors were identified that were associated with sedentarism. These findings have come from reasonably high quality studies. To further extend our understanding of the relation between cognitive and motivational factors and SB, more longitudinal, theory-driven studies examining cognitions and motivation from a sedentary perspective are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Rollo
- Exercise and Health Psychology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anca Gaston
- Exercise and Health Psychology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harry Prapavessis
- Exercise and Health Psychology Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Ungar N, Wiskemann J, Sieverding M. Physical Activity Enjoyment and Self-Efficacy As Predictors of Cancer Patients' Physical Activity Level. Front Psychol 2016; 7:898. [PMID: 27445882 PMCID: PMC4914598 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) can support cancer patients during medical treatment by reducing side-effects and increasing quality of life. However, PA levels mostly decline after diagnosis. Which factors can explain if patients are able to remain or even increase their PA level? Self-efficacy is an important cognitive factor that has been linked to cancer patients' PA across many studies. In contrast, affective factors such as PA enjoyment have rarely been examined. We compare the influence of self-efficacy and PA enjoyment on cancer patients' PA levels after completion of an exercise or stress-management intervention. METHODS Outpatient cancer patients [N = 72; 54% female; M = 56 years, SD = 12.34; most with breast or colon cancer (34%, 15%)] were enrolled in the MOTIVACTION study, a 4-week intervention (1 h counseling followed by weekly phone calls), with pre-test (T1), post-test (T2), and a 10-week follow-up (T3). Participants were randomized to either an exercise intervention (emphasizing self-regulatory strategies for behavior change) or to a stress management intervention (coping and relaxation techniques). Sixty-seven patients remained in the study and completed the SQUASH assessment of PA, a measure of maintenance self-efficacy (7 items, Cronbach's α = 0.88) and PA enjoyment (2 items, Cronbach's α = 0.89). Regression analyses were calculated with PA level (at T2 and T3) as dependent variable and relative weight analyses were conducted. The study was registered at clinicalTrials.gov (unique identifier:NCT01576107; URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01576107?term=motivaction&rank=1). RESULTS Baseline self-efficacy and change in PA enjoyment significantly predicted cancer patients' PA level at T2 adjusting for baseline PA and type of intervention. Relative weight (RW) analysis revealed that PA enjoyment (baseline and change together) explained 34.3% of the dependent variable, self-efficacy (baseline and change) explained 38.4%. At follow-up, self-efficacy was still a significant predictor of PA (RW = 74.6%), whereas PA enjoyment was no longer a relevant factor (RW = 5.2%). CONCLUSION The affective factor PA enjoyment was equally important as self-efficacy for predicting cancer patient' PA level directly after completion of the intervention. Reasons for the reduced relevance at follow-up and a broader range of affective factors should be analyzed in future studies on cancer patients' PA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Ungar
- Institute of Psychology, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Wiskemann
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases Heidelberg and University Clinic HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
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Blanchette I, Treillet V, Davies SR. Affective learning in adults with intellectual disability: an experiment using evaluative conditioning. J Intellect Disabil Res 2016; 60:263-273. [PMID: 26677114 DOI: 10.1111/jir.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluative conditioning is a form of affective learning in which initially neutral stimuli acquire an affective value through association with negative or positive stimuli. Recent research shows an important role for cognitive resources in this type of learning. This form of affective learning has rarely been studied in intellectual disability (ID). METHOD We examined evaluative conditioning in 16 adults with mild to moderate ID compared to age- and gender-matched control participants. Neutral shapes and symbols were repeatedly paired with positive, neutral or negative unconditioned stimuli (faces or International Affective Picture System images). There was also an extinction phase. RESULTS There was significant acquisition of conditioning in both groups. Stimuli paired with positive images were evaluated more positively, and stimuli paired with negative images were evaluated more negatively. Post-extinction ratings however show that these novel affective associations were not maintained by individuals with ID as much as by individuals in the control group. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that ID modulates some aspects of affective learning but not necessarily initial preference acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Blanchette
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - V Treillet
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - S R Davies
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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32
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Pelegrín-Borondo J, Reinares-Lara E, Olarte-Pascual C, Garcia-Sierra M. Assessing the Moderating Effect of the End User in Consumer Behavior: The Acceptance of Technological Implants to Increase Innate Human Capacities. Front Psychol 2016; 7:132. [PMID: 26941662 PMCID: PMC4761839 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, technological implants are being developed to increase innate human capacities, such as memory or calculation speed, and to endow us with new ones, such as the remote control of machines. This study's aim was two-fold: first, to introduce a Cognitive-Affective-Normative (CAN) model of technology acceptance to explain the intention to use this technology in the field of consumer behavior; and second, to analyze the differences in the intention to use it based on whether the intended implant recipient is oneself or one's child (i.e., the moderating effect of the end user). A multi-group analysis was performed to compare the results between the two groups: implant "for me" (Group 1) and implant "for my child" (Group 2). The model largely explains the intention to use the insideable technology for the specified groups [variance explained (R (2)) of over 0.70 in both cases]. The most important variables were found to be "positive emotions" and (positive) "subjective norm." This underscores the need to broaden the range of factors considered to be decisive in technology acceptance to include variables related to consumers' emotions. Moreover, statistically significant differences were found between the "for me" and "for my child" models for "perceived ease of use (PEU)" and "subjective norm." These findings confirm the moderating effect of the end user on new insideable technology acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Reinares-Lara
- Departamento de Economía y Empresa, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Garcia-Sierra
- Departamento de Economía y Empresa, Universidad de La RiojaLogroño, Spain; Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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33
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Riva S, Antonietti A, Iannello P, Pravettoni G. What are judgment skills in health literacy? A psycho-cognitive perspective of judgment and decision-making research. Patient Prefer Adherence 2015; 9:1677-86. [PMID: 26648700 PMCID: PMC4664540 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s90207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to summarize current research relating to psychological processes involved in judgment and decision-making (JDM) and identify which processes can be incorporated and used in the construct of health literacy (HL) in order to enrich its conceptualization and to provide more information about people's preferences. METHODS The literature review was aimed at identifying comprehensive research in the field; therefore appropriate databases were searched for English language articles dated from 1998 to 2015. RESULTS Several psychological processes have been found to be constituents of JDM and potentially incorporated in the definition of HL: cognition, self-regulation, emotion, reasoning-thinking, and social perception. CONCLUSION HL research can benefit from this JDM literature overview, first, by elaborating on the idea that judgment is multidimensional and constituted by several specific processes, and second, by using the results to implement the definition of "judgment skills". Moreover, this review can favor the development of new instruments that can measure HL. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Future researchers in HL should work together with researchers in psychological sciences not only to investigate the processes behind JDM in-depth but also to create effective opportunities to improve HL in all patients, to promote good decisions, and orient patients' preferences in all health contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Riva
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Iannello
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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Dalle Grave R, Calugi S, Compare A, El Ghoch M, Petroni ML, Tomasi F, Mazzali G, Marchesini G. Weight Loss Expectations and Attrition in Treatment-Seeking Obese Women. Obes Facts 2015; 8:311-8. [PMID: 26444382 PMCID: PMC5644826 DOI: 10.1159/000441366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The analysis of the relation between weight loss goals and attrition in the treatment of obesity has produced conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of weight loss goals on attrition in a cohort of obese women seeking treatment at 8 Italian medical centres. METHODS 634 women with obesity, consecutively enrolled in weight loss programmes, were included in the study. Weight loss goals were evaluated with the Goals and Relative Weights Questionnaire (GRWQ), reporting a sequence of unrealistic ('dream' and 'happy') and more realistic ('acceptable' and 'disappointing') weight loss goals. Attrition was assessed at 12 months on the basis of patients' medical records. RESULTS At 12 months, 205/634 patients (32.3%) had interrupted their programme and were lost to follow-up. After adjustment for age, baseline weight, education and employment status, attrition was significantly associated with higher percent acceptable and disappointing weight loss targets, not with dream and happy weight loss. CONCLUSION In 'real world' clinical settings, only realistic expectations might favour attrition whenever too challenging, whereas unrealistic weight loss goals have no effect. Future studies should assess the effect of interventions aimed at coping with too challenging weight goals on attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Dalle Grave
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda (VR), Italy, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Calugi
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda (VR), Italy, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Compare
- Human and Social Science, University of Bergamo and Human Factors and Technology in Healthcare Research Centre, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marwan El Ghoch
- Department of Eating and Weight Disorders, Villa Garda Hospital, Garda (VR), Italy, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Franco Tomasi
- Unit of Diabetology, Dietetics & Clinical Nutrition, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gloria Mazzali
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Marchesini
- Unit of Metabolic Diseases, ‘Alma Mater Studiorum’ University, Bologna, Italy
- *Giulio Marchesini, MD, Unit of Metabolic Diseases, ‘Alma Mater Studiorum’ University, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy,
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Marie Dit Asse L, Fabrigoule C, Helmer C, Laumon B, Lafont S. Automobile driving in older adults: factors affecting driving restriction in men and women. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:2071-8. [PMID: 25371138 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.13077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify factors associated with driving restriction in elderly men and women. DESIGN Prospective cohort study of French drivers from 2003 to 2009. SETTING The Three-City Cohort of Bordeaux, a prospective study of 2,104 people aged 65 and older. PARTICIPANTS Five hundred twenty-three drivers with a mean age of 76 (273 male, 250 female). MEASUREMENTS Sociodemographic characteristics, driving habits, health variables, cognitive evaluation and dementia diagnosis. Predementia was defined as no dementia at one follow-up and dementia at the next follow-up. RESULTS Over the 6-year period, 54% of men and 63% of women stopped driving or reduced the distance they drove. Predementia, Parkinson's disease, older age, and a high number of kilometers previously driven were common restriction factors in both sexes. Prevalent dementia, depressive symptomatology, a decline in one or more instrumental activities of daily living, and poor visual working memory were specific factors in men. In women, low income, fear of falling, slow processing speed, and severe decline in global cognitive performance all affected driving restriction. CONCLUSION Older women restricted their driving activity more than older men, regardless of the number of kilometers previously driven, physical health, and cognitive status. Factors affecting driving restriction differed according to sex, and women were more likely to stop driving than men in the period preceding a dementia diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Marie Dit Asse
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Epidémiologique et de Surveillance Transport Travail Environnement, Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux, UMRT 9405, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childbirth has gained growing attention in the recent years. Although a number of predictors for PTSD following childbirth have been identified (e.g., history of sexual trauma, emergency caesarean section, low social support), only very few studies have tested predictors derived from current theoretical models of the disorder. This study first aimed to replicate the association of PTSD symptoms after childbirth with predictors identified in earlier research. Second, cognitive predictors derived from Ehlers and Clark's (2000) model of PTSD were examined. METHODS N = 224 women who had recently given birth completed an online survey. In addition to computing single correlations between PTSD symptom severities and variables of interest, in a hierarchical multiple regression analyses posttraumatic stress symptoms were predicted by (1) prenatal variables, (2) birth-related variables, (3) postnatal social support, and (4) cognitive variables. RESULTS Wellbeing during pregnancy and age were the only prenatal variables contributing significantly to the explanation of PTSD symptoms in the first step of the regression analysis. In the second step, the birth-related variables peritraumatic emotions and wellbeing during childbed significantly increased the explanation of variance. Despite showing significant bivariate correlations, social support entered in the third step did not predict PTSD symptom severities over and above the variables included in the first two steps. However, with the exception of peritraumatic dissociation all cognitive variables emerged as powerful predictors and increased the amount of variance explained from 43% to a total amount of 68%. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the prediction of PTSD following childbirth can be improved by focusing on variables derived from a current theoretical model of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claudia Freisfeld
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Fliednerstraße 21, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Ehring
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Fliednerstraße 21, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Durkin K, Mok PLH, Conti-Ramsden G. Severity of specific language impairment predicts delayed development in number skills. Front Psychol 2013; 4:581. [PMID: 24027548 PMCID: PMC3759789 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which mathematical development is dependent upon language is controversial. This longitudinal study investigates the role of language ability in children's development of number skills. Participants were 229 children with specific language impairment (SLI) who were assessed initially at age 7 and again 1 year later. All participants completed measures of psycholinguistic development (expressive and receptive), performance IQ, and the Basic Number Skills subtest of the British Ability Scales. Number skills data for this sample were compared with normative population data. Consistent with predictions that language impairment would impact on numerical development, average standard scores were more than 1 SD below the population mean at both ages. Although the children showed improvements in raw scores at the second wave of the study, the discrepancy between their scores and the population data nonetheless increased over time. Regression analyses showed that, after controlling for the effect of PIQ, language skills explained an additional 19 and 17% of the variance in number skills for ages 7 and 8, respectively. Furthermore, logistic regression analyses revealed that less improvement in the child's language ability over the course of the year was associated with a greater odds of a drop in performance in basic number skills from 7 to 8 years. The results are discussed in relation to the interaction of linguistic and cognitive factors in numerical development and the implications for mathematical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Durkin
- School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UK
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Sugaya N, Yoshida E, Yasuda S, Tochigi M, Takei K, Ohtani T, Otowa T, Minato T, Umekage T, Sakano Y, Chen J, Shimada H, Nomura S, Okazaki Y, Kaiya H, Tanii H, Sasaki T. Irritable bowel syndrome, its cognition, anxiety sensitivity, and anticipatory anxiety in panic disorder patients. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2013; 67:397-404. [PMID: 23890055 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study examined the effect of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), cognitive appraisal of IBS, and anxiety sensitivity on anticipatory anxiety (AA) and agoraphobia (AG) in patients with panic disorder (PD). METHODS We examined 244 PD patients who completed a set of questionnaires that included the Rome II Modular Questionnaire to assess the presence of IBS, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), the Cognitive Appraisal Rating Scale (CARS; assessing the cognitive appraisal of abdominal symptoms in four dimensions: commitment, appraisal of effect, appraisal of threat, and controllability), and items about the severity of AA and AG. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to diagnose AG and PD. RESULTS After excluding individuals with possible organic gastrointestinal diseases by using 'red flag items,' valid data were obtained from 174 participants, including 110 PD patients without IBS (PD/IBS[-]) and 64 with IBS (PD/IBS[+]). The PD/IBS[+] group had higher AA and higher comorbidity with AG than the PD/IBS[-] group. In the PD/IBS[+] group, the controllability score of CARS was significantly correlated with AA and ASI. Multiple regression analysis showed a significant effect of ASI but not of controllability on AA in PD/IBS[+] subjects. CONCLUSION This study suggested that the presence of IBS may be related to agoraphobia and anticipatory anxiety in PD patients. Cognitive appraisal could be partly related to anticipatory anxiety in PD patients with IBS with anxiety sensitivity mediating this correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagisa Sugaya
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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Gonzalo D, Kleim B, Donaldson C, Moorey S, Ehlers A. How Disorder-Specific are Depressive Attributions? A Comparison of Individuals with Depression, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Healthy Controls. Cognit Ther Res 2012; 36:731-739. [PMID: 23144516 PMCID: PMC3490075 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-011-9429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Depressed individuals tend to assign internal, stable, and global causes to negative events. The present study investigated the specificity of this effect to depression and compared depressive attributional styles of individuals with major depression (MD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and healthy controls. We indexed attributional style using the depressive attributions questionnaire in 164 participants. Additionally, we assessed appraisals characteristic of PTSD using the post-traumatic cognitions inventory (PTCI), depressive rumination, trauma history, and depression and PTSD symptom severity. Individuals with MD endorsed a depressive attributional style to a greater extent than both individuals with PTSD, who were not depressed, and healthy controls. Depressive attributional style was associated with the severity of depressive and PTSD symptoms, number and distress of traumatic experiences, frequency of rumination, and post-traumatic cognitions. Depressive attributions and PTCI appraisals independently predicted MD and PTSD symptom severity. They may thus be useful in predicting MD and PTSD, and should be targeted in psychological treatments of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Désirée Gonzalo
- Department of Psychology, University of New York in Prague, Legerova 72, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Birgit Kleim
- Department of Psychology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Donaldson
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
- Affective Disorders Unit, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stirling Moorey
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London & Maudsley NHS Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- CBT Psychotherapy Unit, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Anke Ehlers
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London & Maudsley NHS Trust and King’s College London, London, UK
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
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Abstract
AIM Recently, Witkiewitz & Marlatt reformulated the Marlatt & Gordon relapse model to account for current research findings. The present paper aims to extend this model further to incorporate social variables more fully. METHODS The social-factors and alcohol-relapse literatures were reviewed within the framework of the reformulated relapse model. RESULTS The literature review found that the number of social network members, investment of the individual in the social network, levels of general and alcohol-specific support available within the social network and specific behaviors of network members all predict drinking outcomes. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which these social variables influence outcomes. The authors postulate that social variables influence outcomes by affecting intra-individual factors central to the reformulated relapse prevention model, including processes (e.g. self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, craving, motivation, negative affective states) and behaviors (e.g. coping and substance use). The authors suggest specific hypotheses and discuss methods that can be used to study the impact of social factors on the intra-individual phenomena that contribute to relapse. CONCLUSION The proposed extension of the relapse model provides testable hypotheses that may guide future alcohol-relapse research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Hunter-Reel
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND and aims: Dietary fat plays a role in the pathophysiology of symptoms in functional dyspepsia (FD). In healthy subjects, cognitive factors enhance postprandial fullness; in FD patients, attention increases gut perception. We hypothesised that the information given to patients about the fat content of a meal would affect dyspeptic symptoms. METHODS Fifteen FD patients were each studied on four occasions in a randomised double blind fashion. Over two days they ingested a high fat yoghurt (HF) and over the other two days a low fat yoghurt (LF). For each yoghurt, the patients received the correct information about its fat content on one day (HF-C, LF-C) and the opposite (wrong) information on the other day (HF-W, LF-W). Dyspeptic symptoms, plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations, and gastric volumes were evaluated. RESULTS Both the fat content and information about the fat content affected fullness and bloating scores-both were higher after HF-C compared with LF-C, and LF-W compared with LF-C, with no differences between HF-C and HF-W. Nausea scores were higher after HF compared with LF, with no effect of the information about fat content. No differences between discomfort and pain scores were found between study conditions. Plasma CCK and gastric volumes were greater following HF compared with LF, with no effect of the information given to the patients. All differences are p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive factors contribute to symptom induction in FD. Low fat foods may also elicit symptoms if patients perceive foods as high in fat, while CCK and gastric volumes do not appear to be affected by cognitive factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Feinle-Bisset
- University of Adelaide Department of Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
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