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Liu W, Liu J, Bhavsar R, Mao T, Mamikonyan E, Raizen D, Detre JA, Weintraub D, Rao H. Perfusion Imaging of Fatigue and Time-on-Task Effects in Patients With Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:901203. [PMID: 35754969 PMCID: PMC9226473 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.901203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue is a highly prevalent and debilitating non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), yet its' neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we combined arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with a sustained mental workload paradigm to examine the neural correlates of fatigue and time-on-task effects in PD patients. Twenty-one PD patients were scanned at rest and during continuous performance of a 20-min psychomotor vigilance test (PVT). Time-on-task effects were measured by the reaction time changes during the PVT and by self-reported fatigue ratings before and after the PVT. PD subjects demonstrated significant time-on-task effects, including progressively slower reaction time on the PVT and increased post-PVT fatigue ratings compared to pre-PVT. Higher levels of general fatigue were associated with larger increases in mental fatigue ratings after the PVT. ASL imaging data showed increased CBF in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), bilateral occipital cortex, and right cerebellum during the PVT compared to rest, and decreased CBF in the right MFG at post-task rest compared to pre-task rest. The magnitude of regional CBF changes in the right MFG and right inferior parietal lobe correlated with subjective fatigue rating increases after the PVT task. These results demonstrate the utility of continuous PVT paradigm for future studies of fatigue and cognitive fatigability in patients, and support the key role of the fronto-parietal attention network in mediating fatigue in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Liu
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China,Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research and Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China,Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jianghong Liu
- Department of Family and Community Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rupal Bhavsar
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tianxin Mao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research and Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China,Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eugenia Mamikonyan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David Raizen
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - John A. Detre
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research and Key Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, School of Business and Management, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China,Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Hengyi Rao,
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Dasari D, Shou G, Ding L. ICA-Derived EEG Correlates to Mental Fatigue, Effort, and Workload in a Realistically Simulated Air Traffic Control Task. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:297. [PMID: 28611575 PMCID: PMC5447707 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalograph (EEG) has been increasingly studied to identify distinct mental factors when persons perform cognitively demanding tasks. However, most of these studies examined EEG correlates at channel domain, which suffers the limitation that EEG signals are the mixture of multiple underlying neuronal sources due to the volume conduction effect. Moreover, few studies have been conducted in real-world tasks. To precisely probe EEG correlates with specific neural substrates to mental factors in real-world tasks, the present study examined EEG correlates to three mental factors, i.e., mental fatigue [also known as time-on-task (TOT) effect], workload and effort, in EEG component signals, which were obtained using an independent component analysis (ICA) on high-density EEG data. EEG data were recorded when subjects performed a realistically simulated air traffic control (ATC) task for 2 h. Five EEG independent component (IC) signals that were associated with specific neural substrates (i.e., the frontal, central medial, motor, parietal, occipital areas) were identified. Their spectral powers at their corresponding dominant bands, i.e., the theta power of the frontal IC and the alpha power of the other four ICs, were detected to be correlated to mental workload and effort levels, measured by behavioral metrics. Meanwhile, a linear regression analysis indicated that spectral powers at five ICs significantly increased with TOT. These findings indicated that different levels of mental factors can be sensitively reflected in EEG signals associated with various brain functions, including visual perception, cognitive processing, and motor outputs, in real-world tasks. These results can potentially aid in the development of efficient operational interfaces to ensure productivity and safety in ATC and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dasari
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of OklahomaNorman, OK, United States
| | - Guofa Shou
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of OklahomaNorman, OK, United States
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of OklahomaNorman, OK, United States.,Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of OklahomaNorman, OK, United States
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Zhu FF, Poolton JM, Maxwell JP, Fan JKM, Leung GKK, Masters RSW. Refining the continuous tracking paradigm to investigate implicit motor learning. Exp Psychol 2013; 61:196-204. [PMID: 24149243 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In two experiments we investigated factors that undermine conclusions about implicit motor learning in the continuous tracking paradigm. In Experiment 1, we constructed a practice phase in which all three segments of the waveform pattern were random, in order to examine whether tracking performance decreased as a consequence of time spent on task. Tracking error was lower in the first segment than in the middle segment and lower in the middle segment than in the final segment, indicating that tracking performance decreased as a function of increasing time-on-task. In Experiment 2, the waveform pattern presented in the middle segment was identical in each trial of practice. In a retention test, tracking performance on the repeated segment was superior to tracking performance on the random segments of the waveform. Furthermore, substitution of the repeated pattern with a random pattern (in a transfer test) resulted in a significantly increased tracking error. These findings imply that characteristics of the repeated pattern were learned. Crucially, tests of pattern recognition implied that participants were not explicitly aware of the presence of a recurring segment of waveform. Recommendations for refining the continuous tracking paradigm for implicit learning research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F F Zhu
- Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J M Poolton
- Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J P Maxwell
- Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J K M Fan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - G K K Leung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - R S W Masters
- Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Lim J, Wu WC, Wang J, Detre JA, Dinges DF, Rao H. Imaging brain fatigue from sustained mental workload: an ASL perfusion study of the time-on-task effect. Neuroimage 2010; 49:3426-35. [PMID: 19925871 PMCID: PMC2830749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Revised: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During sustained periods of a taxing cognitive workload, humans typically display time-on-task (TOT) effects, in which performance gets steadily worse over the period of task engagement. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used in this study to investigate the neural correlates of TOT effects in a group of 15 subjects as they performed a 20-min continuous psychomotor vigilance test (PVT). Subjects displayed significant TOT effects, as seen in progressively slower reaction times and significantly increased mental fatigue ratings after the task. Perfusion data showed that the PVT activates a right lateralized fronto-parietal attentional network in addition to the basal ganglia and sensorimotor cortices. The fronto-parietal network was less active during post-task rest compared to pre-task rest, and regional CBF decrease in this network correlated with performance decline. These results demonstrate the persistent effects of cognitive fatigue in the fronto-parietal network after a period of heavy mental work and indicate the critical role of this attentional network in mediating TOT effects. Furthermore, resting regional CBF in the thalamus and right middle frontal gyrus prior to task onset was predictive of subjects' subsequent performance decline, suggesting that resting CBF quantified by ASL perfusion fMRI may be a useful indicator of performance potential and a marker of the level of fatigue in the neural attentional system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Lim
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Wen-chau Wu
- Center of Functional Neuroimaging, Departments of Neurology & Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jiongjiong Wang
- Center of Functional Neuroimaging, Departments of Neurology & Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - John A. Detre
- Center of Functional Neuroimaging, Departments of Neurology & Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - David F. Dinges
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Center of Functional Neuroimaging, Departments of Neurology & Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Center of Functional Brain Imaging and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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