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Vähä-Ypyä H, Husu P, Sievänen H, Vasankari T. Measurement of Sedentary Behavior-The Outcomes of the Angle for Posture Estimation (APE) Method. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2241. [PMID: 38610452 PMCID: PMC11014150 DOI: 10.3390/s24072241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Hip-worn accelerometers are commonly used to assess habitual physical activity, but their accuracy in precisely measuring sedentary behavior (SB) is generally considered low. The angle for postural estimation (APE) method has shown promising accuracy in SB measurement. This method relies on the constant nature of Earth's gravity and the assumption that walking posture is typically upright. This study investigated how cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) are related to APE output. A total of 3475 participants with adequate accelerometer wear time were categorized into three groups according to CRF or BMI. Participants in low CRF and high BMI groups spent more time in reclining and lying postures (APE ≥ 30°) and less time in sitting and standing postures (APE < 30°) than the other groups. Furthermore, the strongest partial Spearman correlation with CRF (r = 0.284) and BMI (r = -0.320) was observed for APE values typical for standing. The findings underscore the utility of the APE method in studying associations between SB and health outcomes. Importantly, this study emphasizes the necessity of reserving the term "sedentary behavior" for studies wherein the classification of SB is based on both intensity and posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Pauliina Husu
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, 33500 Tampere, Finland; (P.H.); (H.S.); (T.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014 Tampere, Finland
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Timm I, Reichert M, Ebner-Priemer UW, Giurgiu M. Momentary within-subject associations of affective states and physical behavior are moderated by weather conditions in real life: an ambulatory assessment study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:117. [PMID: 37777773 PMCID: PMC10541720 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical behavior (PB) is a key lifestyle factor in regulating and preventing diseases across the lifespan. Researchers identified affective, cognitive, and contextual factors like weather conditions, as significant contributors in determining if individuals are physically active. However, there is scarce empirical evidence about potential associations between PB and affective states influenced by weather conditions in daily life. Therefore, we explored if weather conditions moderated the within-subject association between momentary affective states and subsequent PB. METHODS Utilizing ambulatory assessment, 79 participants completed electronic diaries about their affective states (i.e., valence, energetic arousal, and calmness) up to six times a day over five days, and their PB (i.e., physical activity and sedentariness) was simultaneously recorded via accelerometers. Weather conditions (i.e., temperature and precipitation) recorded near participants' locations served as moderators in the multilevel analyses. RESULTS We confirmed earlier findings associating affective states with PB. Increased valence and energetic arousal were positively associated with physical activity (β = 0.007; p < .001), whereas calmness predicted lower levels of physical activity (β = -0.006; p < .001). Higher levels of calmness showed a positive association with sedentary behavior (β = 0.054; p = .003). In addition, we revealed a significant positive association between temperature, as a momentary weather condition, and physical activity (β = 0.025; p = .015). Furthermore, we showed that the association of affective states and physical activity was moderated by temperature. Higher temperatures enhanced the positive effects of valence on physical activity (β = .001, p = .023) and attenuated the negative effects of calmness on physical activity (β = .001, p = .021). Moreover, higher temperatures enhanced the positive effects of valence on reduced sedentary behavior (β = -0.011, p = .043). CONCLUSIONS Temperature alterations appeared to have an impact on subsequent physical activity. Furthermore, temperature alterations moderated the influence of affective states on conducted physical activity. This might offer the opportunity for just-in-time adaptive interventions to intervene in individually appropriate environmental conditions for promoting physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Timm
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, Karlsruhe, 76187, Germany.
| | - Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, Karlsruhe, 76187, Germany
- Department of eHealth and Sports Analytics, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus-Nord 10, Bochum, 44801, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, Karlsruhe, 76187, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, Karlsruhe, 76187, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
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Wallman-Jones A, Nigg C, Benzing V, Schmidt M. Leave the screen: The influence of everyday behaviors on self-reported interoception. Biol Psychol 2023; 181:108600. [PMID: 37286096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The influence of physical activity on interoception is apparent, however little is known about within-person variability following physical activity and sedentary behavior in daily life. To test this, 70 healthy adults (Mage 21.67 ± 2.50) wore thigh-mounted accelerometers for 7-days, with self-reported interoception recorded on movement-triggered smartphones. Participants additionally reported the predominant activity type performed across the last 15 min. Investigating this timeframe, multi-level analyses revealed that each one-unit increase in physical activity was associated with an increase in self-reported interoception (B = 0.0025, p = .013), whereas contrastingly, each one-minute increase in sedentary behavior was associated with a decrease (B = -0.06. p = .009). Investigating the influence of different activity types in comparison to screen time behavior, both partaking in exercise (B = 4.48, p < .001) and daily-life physical activity (B = 1.21, p < .001) were associated with an increase in self-reported interoception. Regarding other behavior categories, non-screen time behavior both with (B = 1.13, p < .001) and without (B = 0.67, p = .004) social interaction were also associated with an increase in self-reported interoception compared to screen-time behavior. Extending from previous laboratory-based studies, these findings indicate that physical activity influences interoceptive processes in real-life, further supplemented by the novel and contrasting findings regarding sedentary behavior. Furthermore, associations with activity type reveal important mechanistic information, highlighting the importance of reducing screen-time behavior to preserve and support interoceptive perceptions. Findings can be used to inform health recommendations for reducing screen-time behavior and guiding evidence-based physical activity interventions to promote interoceptive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Nigg
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Benzing
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Schmidt
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Abdul Jabbar K, Sarvestan J, Zia Ur Rehman R, Lord S, Kerse N, Teh R, Del Din S. Validation of an Algorithm for Measurement of Sedentary Behaviour in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4605. [PMID: 37430519 DOI: 10.3390/s23104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of sedentary behaviour in older adults is informative and relevant. Yet, activities such as sitting are not accurately distinguished from non-sedentary activities (e.g., upright activities), especially in real-world conditions. This study examines the accuracy of a novel algorithm to identify sitting, lying, and upright activities in community-dwelling older people in real-world conditions. Eighteen older adults wore a single triaxial accelerometer with an onboard triaxial gyroscope on their lower back and performed a range of scripted and non-scripted activities in their homes/retirement villages whilst being videoed. A novel algorithm was developed to identify sitting, lying, and upright activities. The algorithm's sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for identifying scripted sitting activities ranged from 76.9% to 94.8%. For scripted lying activities: 70.4% to 95.7%. For scripted upright activities: 75.9% to 93.1%. For non-scripted sitting activities: 92.3% to 99.5%. No non-scripted lying activities were captured. For non-scripted upright activities: 94.3% to 99.5%. The algorithm could, at worst, overestimate or underestimate sedentary behaviour bouts by ±40 s, which is within a 5% error for sedentary behaviour bouts. These results indicate good to excellent agreement for the novel algorithm, providing a valid measure of sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Abdul Jabbar
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Javad Sarvestan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rana Zia Ur Rehman
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Janssen Research & Development, High Wycombe HP12 4EG, UK
| | - Sue Lord
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Ngaire Kerse
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Ruth Teh
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Silvia Del Din
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR), Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Newcastle University, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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Burahmah E, Shanmugam S, Williams D, Stansfield B. Validity and Reliability of the activPAL4 TM for Measurement of Body Postures and Stepping Activity in 6-12-Year-Old Children. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23094555. [PMID: 37177759 PMCID: PMC10181769 DOI: 10.3390/s23094555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A link between inappropriate physical behaviour patterns (low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour) and poor health outcomes has been observed. To provide evidence to quantify this link, it is important to have valid and reliable assessment tools. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the activPAL4TM monitor for distinguishing postures and measuring stepping activity of 6-12-year-old children. Thirteen children (8.5 ± 1.8 years) engaged in pre-determined standardised (12 min) and non-standardised (6 min) activities. Agreement, specificity and positive predictive value were assessed between the activPAL4TM and direct observation (DO) (nearest 0.1 s). Between-activPAL4TM (inter-device) and between-observer (inter-rater) reliability were determined. Detection of sitting and stepping time and forward purposeful step count were all within 5% of DO. Standing time was slightly overestimated (+10%) and fast walking/jogging steps underestimated (-20%). For non-standardised activities, activPAL4TM step count matched most closely to combined backward and forward purposeful steps; however, agreement varied widely. The activPAL4TM demonstrated high levels of reliability (ICC(1, 1) > 0.976), which were higher in some instances than could be achieved through direct observation (ICC(2, 1) > 0.851 for non-standardised activities). Overall, the activPAL4TM recorded standardised activities well. However, further work is required to establish the exact nature of steps counted by the activPAL4TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa Burahmah
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Sivaramkumar Shanmugam
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Daniel Williams
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Ben Stansfield
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
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Salerno EA, Saint-Maurice PF, Wan F, Peterson LL, Park Y, Cao Y, Duncan RP, Troiano RP, Matthews CE. Prospective associations between accelerometry-derived physical activity and sedentary behaviors and mortality among cancer survivors. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2023; 7:pkad007. [PMID: 36786414 PMCID: PMC10038185 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival benefits of self-reported recreational physical activity (PA) during cancer survivorship are well-documented in common cancer types, yet there are limited data on the associations between accelerometer-derived PA of all domains, sedentary behavior, and mortality in large, diverse cohorts of cancer survivors. METHODS Participants included adults who reported a cancer diagnosis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and wore an accelerometer for up to 7 days in 2003-2006. Participants were followed for subsequent mortality through 2015. We examined the association of light PA, moderate to vigorous PA, total PA, and sedentary behavior, with all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for demographics and health indicators. RESULTS A total of 480 participants (mean age of 68.8 years [SD = 12.4] at the time of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey assessment) reported a history of cancer. A total of 215 deaths occurred over the follow-up period. For every 1-h/d increase in light PA and moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), cancer survivors had 49% (HR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.76) and 37% (HR = 0.63 , 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.99) lower hazards of all-cause mortality, respectively. Total PA demonstrated similar associations with statistically significantly lower hazards of death for each additional hour per day (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.54 to 0.85), as did every metabolic equivalents of task-hour per day increase in total PA estimations of energy expenditure (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.82 to 0.95). Conversely, more sedentary time (1 h/d) was not associated with statistically significantly higher hazards (HR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.94 to 1.23). CONCLUSIONS These findings reinforce the current recommendations for cancer survivors to be physically active and underscore the continued need for widespread PA promotion for long-term survival in older cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Salerno
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pedro F Saint-Maurice
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Fei Wan
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lindsay L Peterson
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yikyung Park
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan P Duncan
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard P Troiano
- Risk Factor Assessment Branch, Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
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Hysenllari E, Ottenbacher J, McLennan D. Validation of human activity recognition using a convolutional neural network on accelerometer and gyroscope data. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-022-00817-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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GREENWOOD-HICKMAN MIKAELANNE, NAKANDALA SUPUN, JANKOWSKA MARTAM, ROSENBERG DORIE, TUZ-ZAHRA FATIMA, BELLETTIERE JOHN, CARLSON JORDAN, HIBBING PAULR, ZOU JINGJING, LACROIX ANDREAZ, KUMAR ARUN, NATARAJAN LOKI. The CNN Hip Accelerometer Posture (CHAP) Method for Classifying Sitting Patterns from Hip Accelerometers: A Validation Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2445-2454. [PMID: 34033622 PMCID: PMC8516667 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sitting patterns predict several healthy aging outcomes. These patterns can potentially be measured using hip-worn accelerometers, but current methods are limited by an inability to detect postural transitions. To overcome these limitations, we developed the Convolutional Neural Network Hip Accelerometer Posture (CHAP) classification method. METHODS CHAP was developed on 709 older adults who wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on the hip, with ground-truth sit/stand labels derived from concurrently worn thigh-worn activPAL inclinometers for up to 7 d. The CHAP method was compared with traditional cut-point methods of sitting pattern classification as well as a previous machine-learned algorithm (two-level behavior classification). RESULTS For minute-level sitting versus nonsitting classification, CHAP performed better (93% agreement with activPAL) than did other methods (74%-83% agreement). CHAP also outperformed other methods in its sensitivity to detecting sit-to-stand transitions: cut-point (73%), TLBC (26%), and CHAP (83%). CHAP's positive predictive value of capturing sit-to-stand transitions was also superior to other methods: cut-point (30%), TLBC (71%), and CHAP (83%). Day-level sitting pattern metrics, such as mean sitting bout duration, derived from CHAP did not differ significantly from activPAL, whereas other methods did: activPAL (15.4 min of mean sitting bout duration), CHAP (15.7 min), cut-point (9.4 min), and TLBC (49.4 min). CONCLUSION CHAP was the most accurate method for classifying sit-to-stand transitions and sitting patterns from free-living hip-worn accelerometer data in older adults. This promotes enhanced analysis of older adult movement data, resulting in more accurate measures of sitting patterns and opening the door for large-scale cohort studies into the effects of sitting patterns on healthy aging outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - SUPUN NAKANDALA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - MARTA M. JANKOWSKA
- City of Hope, Beckman Research Institute, Population Sciences, Duarte, CA
| | | | - FATIMA TUZ-ZAHRA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - JOHN BELLETTIERE
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - JORDAN CARLSON
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - PAUL R. HIBBING
- Center for Children’s Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - JINGJING ZOU
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - ANDREA Z. LACROIX
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - ARUN KUMAR
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - LOKI NATARAJAN
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Prediction framework for upper body sedentary working behaviour by using deep learning and machine learning techniques. Soft comput 2021; 26:12969-12984. [PMID: 34456620 PMCID: PMC8385485 DOI: 10.1007/s00500-021-06156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Public health experts and healthcare professionals are gradually identifying sedentary activity as a population-wide, pervasive health risk. The purpose of this paper is to propose a method to identify the changes in posture during sedentary work and to give feedback by analysing the identified posture of the upper body, i.e. hands, shoulder, and head positioning. After capturing the image of the human pose, pre-processing of the image takes place with a bandpass filter, which helps to reduce the noise and morphological operation, which is used to carry out the process of dilation, erosion and opening of an image. To predict the results easily with the use of texture feature extraction, it helps to extract the image’s feature. Then, accuracy is predicted by using the deep neural network techniques, to predict the result accurately. After prediction and analysis, the feedback system is developed to alert individuals through the alarm system. The proposed method is formulated by using DNN for prediction in the MATLAB software tool. The results show accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the prediction using a deep neural network are 97.2%, 88.7% and 99.1%. The proposed method is compared with the existing methods SVM, Random Forest and KNN algorithms. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the existing algorithms are SVM with 77.6%, 57.4 and 97.8%; Random Forest with 80.6%, 63.7% and 97.5%; and KNN with 65.8%, 61.2%, and 95.1%. This concept helps to prevent the impact of sedentary activity on fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular and musculoskeletal diseases, respectively.
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10
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Kanning M, Niermann C, Ebner-Primer U, Giurgiu M. The context matters - not all prolonged sitting bouts are equally related to momentary affective states: an ambulatory assessment with sedentary-triggered E-diaries. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:106. [PMID: 34391442 PMCID: PMC8364093 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01170-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sedentary behaviors (SB) and especially prolonged sitting bouts are highly prevalent in daily life and studies indicated an association with an increased risk for several non-communicable diseases. Consequently, guidelines to reduce SB were developed. At the same time, an in-depth knowledge regarding SB such as where, what and with whom people spend time sedentary as well as correlates such as affective states of prolonged sitting bouts, is still lacking. A more differentiated view on SB is necessary to identify detrimental and modifiable sedentary bouts. We addressed this gap by conducting an ambulatory assessment study including accelerometer and sedentary-triggered e-diaries that captures data during prolonged sitting bouts (> 20 min). We investigated how contextual factors of prolonged sitting bouts are associated with momentary affective states. Method Four studies were combined with a final sample of 308 participants (50.3% female, Mage, 27.4, range, 17–66). SB was assessed objectively with thigh-worn accelerometers for four to five days. Whenever a participant was sitting for 20 or 30 min the accelerometer triggered questions assessing social (not alone vs. alone) and environmental (leisure vs. working) factors as well as momentary affective states (valence, energetic arousal and calmness). Multilevel analyses were used to examine within-person associations between different contexts and mood during prolonged sitting. Results Momentary affective states varied significantly due to different social and environmental contexts (ps < 0.001): Sitting together with others was associated with higher levels of valence and energetic arousal. Furthermore, sitting during leisure time was associated with higher levels of valence and calmness and lower levels of energetic arousal. Significant interaction analyses revealed that participants had the highest ratings while sitting during leisure episodes together with others. Conclusion Findings showed that prolonged sitting bouts differ regarding their association with affect. Sitting with others, sitting during leisure time and especially sitting during leisure time and with others, was associated with higher levels of momentary affective states, respectively. Thus, SB guidelines should focus on reducing those SB episodes that are associated with lower levels of affect, for example during working episodes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01170-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kanning
- University of Konstanz, Department of Sports Science, Social and Health Sciences, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Christina Niermann
- University of Konstanz, Department of Sports Science, Social and Health Sciences, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Primer
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, mental mHealth lab, Hertzstraße, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 16, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, mental mHealth lab, Hertzstraße, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 16, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Central Institute of Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
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Giurgiu M, Nissen R, Müller G, Ebner-Priemer UW, Reichert M, Clark B. Drivers of productivity: Being physically active increases yet sedentary bouts and lack of sleep decrease work ability. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1921-1931. [PMID: 34170563 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Physical behavior (ie, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep) is a crucial lifestyle factor for preventing and managing diseases across the lifespan. However, less is known about potential work-related psychological and cognitive outcomes such as productivity. The present study examined within-person associations between physical behavior and self-perceived work ability. To investigate the degree to which physical behavior parameters influence self-perceived work ability in everyday life, we conducted an Ambulatory Assessment study in 103 university students over 5 days. Physical behavior was assessed continuously via a multi-sensor system. Self-perceived work ability was assessed repeatedly up to six times per day on smartphones. We employed multilevel modeling to analyze the within-person effects of physical behavior on self-perceived work ability. Physical activity intensity (MET) (β = 0.15 ± 0.06, t = 2.59, p = 0.012) and sit-to-stand transitions (β = 0.07 ± 0.03, t = 2.44, p = 0.015) were positively associated with self-perceived work ability. Sedentary bouts (≥20 min) (β = -0.21 ± 0.08, t = -2.74, p = 0.006) and deviation from a recommended sleep duration (ie, 8 h) (β = -0.1 ± 0.04, t = -2.38, p = 0.018) were negatively associated with self-perceived work ability. Exploratory analyses supported the robustness of our findings by comparing various time frames. Total sedentary time and sleep quality were not associated with self-perceived work ability. Regular sleep durations, breaking up sedentary time through sit-to-stand transitions, and higher intensities of physical activity may be important for the regulation of self-perceived work ability in university students' daily lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giurgiu
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Mental mHealth Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Nissen
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Mental mHealth Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerhard Müller
- Department of Health Promotion, AOK Baden-Wuerttemberg, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Ebner-Priemer
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Mental mHealth Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Reichert
- Department of Sports and Sports Science, Mental mHealth Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bronwyn Clark
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QL, Australia
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Fiedler J, Eckert T, Burchartz A, Woll A, Wunsch K. Comparison of Self-Reported and Device-Based Measured Physical Activity Using Measures of Stability, Reliability, and Validity in Adults and Children. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21082672. [PMID: 33920145 PMCID: PMC8069485 DOI: 10.3390/s21082672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of physical activity (PA) depends on the type of measurement and analysis method making it difficult to compare adherence to PA guidelines. Therefore, test-retest reliability, validity, and stability for self-reported (i.e., questionnaire and diary) and device-based measured (i.e., accelerometry with 10/60 s epochs) PA was compared in 32 adults and 32 children from the SMARTFAMILY study to examine if differences in these measurement tools are systematic. PA was collected during two separate measurement weeks and the relationship for each quality criteria was analyzed using Spearman correlation. Results showed the highest PA values for questionnaires followed by 10-s and 60-s epochs measured by accelerometers. Levels of PA were lowest when measured by diary. Only accelerometry demonstrated reliable, valid, and stable results for the two measurement weeks, the questionnaire yielded mixed results and the diary showed only a few significant correlations. Overall, higher correlations for the quality criteria were found for moderate than for vigorous PA and the results differed between children and adults. Since the differences were not found to be systematic, the choice of measurement tools should be carefully considered by anyone working with PA outcomes, especially if vigorous PA is the parameter of interest.
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Aunger J, Wagnild J. Objective and subjective measurement of sedentary behavior in human adults: A toolkit. Am J Hum Biol 2020; 34:e23546. [PMID: 33277954 PMCID: PMC9286366 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Objectives: Human biologists are increasingly interested in measuring and comparing physical activities in different societies. Sedentary behavior, which refers to time spent sitting or lying down while awake, is a large component of daily 24 hours movement patterns in humans and has been linked to poor health outcomes such as risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, independently of physical activity. As such, it is important for researchers, with the aim of measuring human movement patterns, to most effectively use resources available to them to capture sedentary behavior. METHODS This toolkit outlines objective (device-based) and subjective (self-report) methods for measuring sedentary behavior in free-living contexts, the benefits and drawbacks to each, as well as novel options for combined use to maximize scientific rigor. Throughout this toolkit, emphasis is placed on considerations for the use of these methods in various field conditions and in varying cultural contexts. RESULTS Objective measures such as inclinometers are the gold-standard for measuring total sedentary time but they typically cannot capture contextual information or determine which specific behaviors are taking place. Subjective measures such as questionnaires and 24 hours-recall methods can provide measurements of time spent in specific sedentary behaviors but are subject to measurement error and response bias. CONCLUSIONS We recommend that researchers use the method(s) that suit the research question; inclinometers are recommended for the measurement of total sedentary time, while self-report methods are recommended for measuring time spent in particular contexts of sedentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Aunger
- Health Services Management Centre, Park House, University of Birmingham, England, UK
| | - Janelle Wagnild
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, England, UK
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