1
|
Tonge KL, Mavilidi M, Jones RA. An updated systematic review of correlates of children's physical activity and sedentary time in early childhood education services. Child Care Health Dev 2024; 50:e13265. [PMID: 38657131 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood education services (ECE) continue to be a key setting to promote physical activity and limit sedentary behaviour. Thus, the aim of this study was to (1) provide an updated systematic review of correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour among children in ECE settings and (2) discuss changes in physical activity and sedentary behaviour correlates among children in ECEC settings over time. METHODS A systematic search of eight databases identified 40 studies published between 2015 and 2023 that met the inclusion criteria. The variables were categorized into four domains (child, educator, physical environmental and organizational). Fifty-eight variables were identified. RESULTS For data from 2015 to 2023, strong associations were identified in all domains (child, educator, physical environmental and organizational) for physical activity, yet no strong associations for sedentary behaviour were identified. Aggregated data (i.e., combining data from previous review and this review) showed strong associations with children's physical activity and age, motor coordination and sex (child), educator behaviour and presence (educator), presence and size of outdoor environments (physical environmental) and active opportunities and service quality (organizational). For sedentary behaviour, sex, outdoor environments and active opportunities were strongly associated in the combined data. CONCLUSION The correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in ECE settings continue to be multi-dimensional and span different domains. Variables such as educator behaviours and intentionality, provision of active opportunities, use of outdoor space and service quality should be the key focus area for improving physical activity and sedentary behaviour levels of young children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Tonge
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Education, Faculty of The Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Myrto Mavilidi
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Education, Faculty of The Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel A Jones
- Early Start, Faculty of the Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Education, Faculty of The Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Srivastav P, Vaishali K, Rajwar E, Broadbent S, Bhat HV. Factors associated with physical activity participation among children: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2023; 12:70. [PMID: 37106415 PMCID: PMC10134558 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced physical activity (PA) is one of the significant health concerns in adults and children alike. Despite the proven benefits of PA, most children, globally, do not meet the weekly criteria of enough PA to maintain health. The proposed systematic review is the review of the factors and will provide information on the factors associated with PA participation in children. METHODS The proposed systematic review will be conducted based on the methodology from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We will include observational studies (cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies), randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and non-randomized study designs for information on factors associated with PA participation among children. Studies with participants in the age range of 5-18 years, indulging in physical activity of 60 min per day for a minimum of 3 days a week, will be included. Studies including differently abled children, children under medical treatment, and those taking medications for illnesses such as neurological, cardiac, and mental health conditions will be excluded from the review. We will search MEDLINE (via PubMed and Web of Science), Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and PEDro for English language publications published from the inception till October 2022. For additional studies, we will search websites such as the Australian Association for Adolescent Health International Association for Adolescent Health and a reference list of the included publications. Selection of studies, data extraction, and quality assessment of the included studies will be performed in duplicate. Quality assessment of the included studies will be performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (ROB-II) for RCTs, New-Castle Ottawa, for observational studies, and ROBINS-I (Risk of Bias for Non-Randomized studies of Interventions) for non-randomized study designs. DISCUSSION The proposed systematic review and meta-analysis will present a summary of the available evidence on factors associated with PA participation in children. The findings of this review will provide new insights into how exercise providers can improve PA participation among children and can also help healthcare workers, clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to plan long-term interventions targeting child health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021270057.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Srivastav
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - K Vaishali
- Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
| | - Eti Rajwar
- Public Health Evidence South Asia, Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Suzanne Broadbent
- School of Health & Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - H Vinod Bhat
- The Apollo University, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nilsen A, Espedal H, Aadland KN, Aadland E. Associations between educators' and children's physical activity and sedentary time in Norwegian preschools: A cross-sectional study. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:200-208. [PMID: 37087749 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2204638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Preschool educators may be important role models influencing children's physical activity (PA) behaviours. The main aim of this paper was to examine the relationship between educators' and children's PA and sedentary time (SED) by including 1230 children (mean age 4.8 yrs, 48% girls) and 422 educators (mean age 42.4 yrs, 90% women) from 68 preschools in Western Norway. PA and SED were measured over 10 preschool days using hip worn ActiGraph GT3×+ accelerometers. Associations between child and educator PA and SED during preschool hours, determined by multivariate pattern analyses, provided explained variances (R2) = 2.8-5.2%. Levels of educator moderate PA were positively related to child PA (all intensities) and educator vigorous PA were positively related to child vigorous PA, while educator light PA was negatively associated with PA and positively associated with child SED. Educator SED were positively associated with child vigorous PA and negatively associated to child SED. Association patterns were similar for boys and girls, while educator moderate and vigorous PA were more strongly related to the younger vs. the older children's PA. The positive relationships between educators' moderate and vigorous PA and children's PA found herein suggest educators' PA behaviours should be addressed in future interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ako Nilsen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - H Espedal
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - K N Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - E Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moreira M, Veiga G, Lopes F, Hales D, Luz C, Cordovil R. Kindergarten Affordances for Physical Activity and Preschoolers' Motor and Social-Emotional Competence. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020214. [PMID: 36832343 PMCID: PMC9955055 DOI: 10.3390/children10020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between the quality of the kindergarten physical and social environment to promote physical activity (PA) and preschoolers' motor and social-emotional competence. Two Portuguese kindergartens (Gondomar city) were selected from a pool of seventeen with an assessment of kindergarten PA best practices (one with high PA practices, the other with low). Thirty-six children (M = 4.42; SD = 1.00 years) without neuromotor disorders participated in this study. Motor and social-emotional competence were assessed with standardized motor skills tasks and parent report of child behaviors. Children from the kindergarten with higher compliance with PA best practices showed significantly better motor competence. No statistically significant differences were found for social-emotional competence scores. These findings emphasize the critical importance of kindergarten in promoting preschoolers' motor competence by assuring a physical and social environment that enhances their PA practice. This is a particularly relevant concern for directors and teachers during the post-pandemic period, given the developmental delays and decreases in physical activity preschool children experienced across the pandemic period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Moreira
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Guida Veiga
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), University of Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Frederico Lopes
- Laboratory of Motor Behavior, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Derek Hales
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Carlos Luz
- Research Center in Sports Performance, Recreation, Innovation and Technology (SPRINT), 4960-320 Melgaço, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1549-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudos Educacionais, 1549-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita Cordovil
- Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratory of Motor Behavior, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martin A, Brophy R, Clarke J, Hall CJS, Jago R, Kipping R, Reid T, Rigby B, Taylor H, White J, Simpson SA. Environmental and practice factors associated with children's device-measured physical activity and sedentary time in early childhood education and care centres: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:84. [PMID: 35836231 PMCID: PMC9284804 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings offer a potentially cost-effective and sustainable solution for ensuring children have opportunities to meet physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) guidelines. This paper systematically reviewed the association between childcare environment and practice and children's PA and ST. METHODS Three electronic databases were searched, and citation tracking of eligible studies performed between June-July 2020 (updated March 2022). Studies were eligible when (i) participants attended ECEC settings, (ii) they reported the association between use of outdoor space, including factors of time, availability, play, size and equipment, and children's device-measured PA and ST, and (iii) where applicable, they compared the exposure to use of indoor space. Risk of bias was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tools. A synthesis was performed using effect direct plots and charts to visualise effect sizes. RESULTS Of 1617 reports screened, 29 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies provided data on outdoor versus indoor time (n = 9; 960 children), outdoor versus indoor play (n = 3; 1104 children), outdoor play space (n = 19; 9596 children), outdoor space use external to ECEC (n = 2; 1148 children), and portable (n = 7; 2408 children) and fixed (n = 7; 2451 children) outdoor equipment. Time spent outdoors versus indoors was associated with increased moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA) and total PA, while the association with ST was inconclusive. The mean (standard deviation) levels of outdoor MVPA (4.0 ± 3.2 to 18.6 ± 5.6 min/h) and LPA (9.9 ± 2.6 to 30.8 ± 11.8 min/h) were low, and ST high (30.0 ± 6.5 to 46.1 ± 4.3 min/h). MVPA levels doubled when children played outdoors versus indoors. Outdoor play space, and outdoor portable equipment, were associated with increased MVPA. A dose-response relationship for outdoor play area size was observed, demonstrating increased MVPA with areas ≥505m2 (5436 ft2), but no further increases when areas were > 900m2 (9688 ft2). No studies reported on injuries in outdoor settings. CONCLUSIONS ECEC policies and practices should promote not only outdoor time but also the availability of resources such as portable play equipment and sufficient size of outdoor play areas that enable children to be physically active for sustained periods while outdoors. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) Registration Number: CRD42020189886.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Martin
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Barkley Street, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK.
| | - Rachel Brophy
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Joanne Clarke
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Charlotte J S Hall
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Russell Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, 8 Priory Road, Bristol, BS8 1TZ, UK
| | - Ruth Kipping
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Tom Reid
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - Benjamin Rigby
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Barkley Street, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| | - Hilary Taylor
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Canynge Hall, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol, BS8 2PS, UK
| | - James White
- DECIPHer, Centre for Trials Research, University of Cardiff, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | - Sharon A Simpson
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 99 Barkley Street, Glasgow, G3 7HR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vega-Perona H, Estevan I, García-Ochoa YC, Martínez-Bello DA, Bernabé-Villodre MDM, Martínez-Bello VE. Role of Spanish Toddlers' Education and Care Institutions in Achieving Physical Activity Recommendations in the COVID-19 Era: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:51. [PMID: 35053676 PMCID: PMC8774401 DOI: 10.3390/children9010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To our knowledge, there are no published studies that describe the physical activity (PA) levels and objectively measure them through accelerometry in toddlers (2-3 years old) attending early childhood education and care (ECEC) institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of this study were two-fold: (a) to analyse toddlers' PA levels and sedentary behaviour (SB) during school hours in ECEC institutions, as well as the rate of adherence to specific recommendations on total PA (TPA) and moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA); and (b) to evaluate the characteristics correlates (age, gender, and body mass index -BMI) of young children and the school environment on toddlers' TPA, light PA (LPA), MVPA, and SB during school hours in ECEC institutions. PA was evaluated with ActiGraph accelerometers. The main findings were that: (a) toddlers engaged in very high amounts of TPA and MVPA during ECEC hours; (b) girls and boys displayed similar levels of LPA, TPA, and SB, while girls had lower levels of MVPA, compared to boys, and younger toddlers were less active than older ones; (c) BMI was not associated with PA of any intensity or SB; (d) playground and classroom density were not associated with higher levels of PA of any intensity, though classroom density was associated with SB. These ECEC institutions provide and challenge the new COVID-19 scenario, as well as supportive environments for toddlers' PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herminia Vega-Perona
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (H.V.-P.); (I.E.); (M.d.M.B.-V.)
- COS Research Group, Body, Movement, Music and Curricular Practices, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Isaac Estevan
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (H.V.-P.); (I.E.); (M.d.M.B.-V.)
- AFIPS Research Group, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Cabrera García-Ochoa
- COS Research Group, Body, Movement, Music and Curricular Practices, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
- Department of Language Theory and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Philology, Translation and Communication, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel A. Martínez-Bello
- Programa de Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga Cl. 45 11-52, Colombia;
| | - María del Mar Bernabé-Villodre
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (H.V.-P.); (I.E.); (M.d.M.B.-V.)
- COS Research Group, Body, Movement, Music and Curricular Practices, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Vladimir E. Martínez-Bello
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (H.V.-P.); (I.E.); (M.d.M.B.-V.)
- COS Research Group, Body, Movement, Music and Curricular Practices, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tonge KL, Jones RA, Okely AD. The relationship between educators' and children's physical activity and sedentary behaviour in early childhood education and care. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 24:580-584. [PMID: 33642184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The early childhood education and care (ECEC) environment has a significant role to play in the promotion of physical activity and reduction of sedentary behaviour in young children. Educators may be an important social factor influencing children's physical activity and sedentary behaviour, however limited evidence exists on this relationship. The primary aim was to examine the relationships between educators' and children's physical activity and sedentary behaviours within ECEC settings. DESIGN A cross sectional study. METHODS The study involved 11 ECEC centres from NSW, Australia (n=110 educators; n=490 children). Data for each centre were collected over five consecutive days. Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour were collected from children using Actigraph accelerometers and were analysed using STATA 13c. Linear regression was used to examine relationships between children and educators, adjusted for centre clustering. RESULTS A significant association was reported between educators' sedentary behaviour and children's sedentary behaviour (p=0.047). Educators spent 61% of their work day in sedentary behaviour. No significant associations were reported between educators' physical activity and children's physical activity, for any intensity of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS The positive relationship between educators' sedentary behaviours and children's sedentary behaviour in this study highlights a novel area to target in future interventions. Improving physical activity and sedentary behaviours of educators will likely improve children's physical activity levels and thus health and wellbeing outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Tonge
- Early Start, Faculty of Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Australia; School of Education, Faculty of Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Rachel A Jones
- Early Start, Faculty of Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Australia; School of Education, Faculty of Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, Faculty of Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Australia; School of Education, Faculty of Arts Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|