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Sher C, Wu C. Race, immigrant status, and inequality in physical activity: An intersectional and life course approach. CANADIAN REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SOCIOLOGIE 2023; 60:763-800. [PMID: 37615391 DOI: 10.1111/cars.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity improves health and well-being, but not everyone can be equally active. Previous research has suggested that racial minorities are less active than their white counterparts and immigrants are less active than their native-born counterparts. In this article, we adopt an intersectional and life course approach to consider how race and immigrant status may intersect to affect physical activity across the life span. This new approach also allows us to test the long-standing habitual versus structural debate in physical activity. Analysing data from two recent cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS, 2015-2016 & 2017-2018), we find that physical activity is only lower among immigrants who are also racial minorities and that the gap is most significant during adulthood, but rather insignificant during adolescence and late life. The findings that inequality in physical activity is more apparent among the most disadvantaged racialised immigrants and among working-age adults when structural influences are greater suggest that inequality in physical activity is rooted in structural inequalities, rather than habitual differences. Finally, we demonstrate that the widely observed 'healthy (racialised) immigrant effect' can be underestimated if inequality in physical activity is not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Sher
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cary Wu
- Department of Sociology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Wahi G, Kandasamy S, Bangdiwala SI, Baumann A, Crea-Arsenio M, Desai D, DiLiberto D, Georgiades K, Jackson-Best F, Kwan M, Montague P, Newbold KB, Sherifali D, Sim A, de Souza RJ, Anand SS. Strengthening Community Roots: Anchoring Newcomers in Wellness and Sustainability (SCORE!): A protocol for the co-design and evaluation of a healthy active living program among a newcomer community in Canada. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288851. [PMID: 37768908 PMCID: PMC10538726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden of childhood obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors affecting newcomer Canadians living in lower socioeconomic circumstances is a concerning public health issue. This paper describes Strengthening Community Roots: Anchoring Newcomers in Wellness and Sustainability (SCORE!), an academic-community research partnership to co-design interventions that nurture and optimize healthy activity living (HAL) among a community of children and families new to Canada in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. METHODS/DESIGN Our overarching program is informed by a socio-ecological model, and will co-create HAL interventions for children and families new to Canada rooted in outdoor, nature-based physical activity. We will proceed in three phases: Phase 1) synthesis of existing evidence regarding nature based HAL interventions among children and families; Phase 2) program development through four data collection activities including: i) community engagement activities to build trustful relationships and understand barriers and facilitators, including establishing a community advisory and action board, qualitative studies including a photovoice study, and co-design workshops to develop programs; ii) characterizing the demographics of the community through a household survey; iii) characterizing the built environment and HAL programs/services available in the community by developing an accessible real-time systems map; and iv) reviewing municipal policies relevant to HAL and sustainability; leading to Phase 3) implementation and evaluation of the feasibility of co-designed HAL programs. CONCLUSION The etiology of childhood obesity and related chronic diseases is complex and multifactorial, as are intervention strategies. The SCORE! program of research brings together partners including community members, service providers, academic researchers, and organizational leaders to build a multi-component intervention that promotes the health and wellness of newcomer children and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Wahi
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sujane Kandasamy
- Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St Catherines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shrikant I. Bangdiwala
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Baumann
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Global Health Office, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Crea-Arsenio
- Global Health Office, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dipika Desai
- Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah DiLiberto
- Global Health Office, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katholiki Georgiades
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, Ron Joyce Children’s Health Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fatimah Jackson-Best
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Kwan
- Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St Catherines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Montague
- Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - K. Bruce Newbold
- School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Sherifali
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Sim
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J. de Souza
- Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sonia S. Anand
- Chanchlani Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Trends and determinants of organised sports participation in immigrant and Australian children: A nine-year follow-up. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:125-131. [PMID: 36774233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine trends and determinants of organised sports participation among children of immigrant parents from low-and-middle-income countries, high-income countries, and Australian children. DESIGN Longitudinal (nine-year follow-up). METHODS Data were from the birth-cohort of Australian Children aged 6-15 years with follow-up between 2010 and 2018. Organised sports participation was measured using two items about regular participation in team and individual sports. Multilevel logit modelling was used to assess the determinants of organised sports participation across groups. RESULTS Both team sports participation and individual sports participation increased between 6 and 11 years and declined between 11 and 15 years across the three groups. Children of immigrant parents from low-and-middle-income countries (OR 0.65; 95 % CI 0.57-0.74) and high-income countries (OR 0.82; 95 % CI 0.76-0.89) had lower odds of team sports participation than Australian children. Children of immigrant parents from low-and-middle-income countries had lower odds of team sports participation (OR 0.79; 95 % CI 0.69-0.90) than children of immigrant parents from high-income countries. Female children, high screen time, high psychological difficulties, increased number of siblings and low socio-economic position were identified as determinants of lower team and individual sports participation. CONCLUSIONS The present study identified evidence of disparities in organised sports participation among children of immigrant parents and Australian children. Multilevel and multicomponent interventions to promote children's organised sports participation should be prioritised, with a focus on children of the female sex, older children, children with lower socioeconomic status, and children with higher screen time and higher psychological difficulties.
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López-Gil JF, Chen S, Smith L, Gutiérrez-Espinoza H, Victoria-Montesinos D, Iglesias JN, Tárraga-López PJ, Mesas AE. What is the role of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) on excess weight? A cross-sectional study in young Spanish people aged 2─14 years. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114561. [PMID: 36243054 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the relationship between particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) levels and the prevalence of excess weight in a representative sample of Spanish young people aged 2─14 years. METHODS This was an ecological cross-sectional study using data from the 2017 wave of the Encuesta Nacional de Salud Española (ENSE), a nationally representative survey of the Spanish young and adult population. The final sample included 4378 young Spanish people (51.0% boys). The weight (kg) and height (cm) of the study participants were proxy-reported by parents or guardians. Excess weight was determined according to the age- and sex-criteria of the International Obesity Task Force. The PM2.5 level was calculated as the annual monitoring data indicator for 2017 among the different regions in Spain. Logistic regression models were performed to estimate the relationships between PM2.5 and weight. RESULTS Compared to young people located in regions with low levels of PM2.5, those reporting greater odds for excess weight were found in regions with medium PM2.5 (OR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02-1.49) and high PM2.5 (OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.11-1.64) after adjusting for several sociodemographic, lifestyle and environmental covariates. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of excess weight in young people was positively associated with PM2.5 levels in Spain. This finding supports the hypothesis that air pollution exposure can result in excess weight in the young population, which, in turn, might lead to the development of metabolic disorders. From a socioecological perspective, a practical need to take environmental factors into consideration is important to address unhealthy weight in Spanish young people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Javier Nieto Iglesias
- Unidad de Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular, Hospital General Universitario de Ciudad Real, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pedro Juan Tárraga-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Arthur Eumann Mesas
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain; Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Hartono S, Niyonsenga T, Cochrane T, Kinfu Y. Effect of migrant parents' bodyweight perception on children's body bodyweight: A longitudinal analysis of population cohort study. SSM Popul Health 2022; 21:101318. [PMID: 36582615 PMCID: PMC9793301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Children of migrants in Australia are disproportionally affected by overweight/obesity. Their parents, however, are likely to put little effort into lifestyle changes if unable to recognise their children's suboptimal bodyweight. We examined the potential impact of migrant parents' bodyweight perception on their children's bodyweight over time and whether the region-of-birth of parents and acculturation to the host nation's way of life moderated the relationship, as very little is known about these in the Australian context. We analysed a sample of 2046 children of migrant parents drawn from 8 waves of population-based cohort data, the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, capturing their lived experience from ages 2 to 17. After controlling for child, parent, family, and neighbourhood factors influencing children's bodyweight, multilevel models showed higher children's bodyweight in subsequent waves if their parents perceived children's bodyweight as lower than their actual bodyweight (i.e., underestimation). However, the rate of increase in children's bodyweight attenuated over time. The effect of migrant parents' underestimation on children's subsequent bodyweight differed by region-of-birth, with higher children's bodyweight in successive waves if their parents were from the Americas, compared to migrant parents from North/West Europe. Parents' acculturation, however, did not have a discernible effect. Although migrant parents' bodyweight perception of their children's bodyweight status influenced children's bodyweight in subsequent waves, this factor was not enough to explain the extent of disparities in children's bodyweight observed in the Australian migrant population. Further research is needed to assess the effects of other types of perception (such as perceptions of healthy weight and physical exercise) on bodyweight disparities in children of migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hartono
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Bruce, A.C.T, Australia,Corresponding author.
| | - Theo Niyonsenga
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Bruce, A.C.T, Australia,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, A.C.T, Australia
| | - Tom Cochrane
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Bruce, A.C.T, Australia
| | - Yohannes Kinfu
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, A.C.T, Australia
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López-Gil JF, García-Hermoso A, Cavero-Redondo I, Ortega FB, Gómez SF, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Association between air pollution and 24-h movement behaviours in a representative sample of Spanish youth. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113996. [PMID: 35926576 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between air pollution and 24-h movement guidelines in Spanish children/adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study analysed secondary data from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud Española (2017), a representative survey for the Spanish population. The original dataset included 6016 Spanish young people (aged 0-14 years). Since the data on 24-h movement recommendations were limited to Spanish young people aged 2-14 years, the final sample included 4398 (49.2% girls) Spanish young people. Air pollution was evaluated by particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) from different Spanish regions and divided into tertiles representing areas with low, medium, and high pollution. Sleep duration and recreational screen time and were reported by the parents/caregivers. Physical activity was evaluated by an adapted version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Time spent in screen time, sleep, and physical activity were classified as meeting or not the 24-h movement guidelines. RESULTS After adjusting for several covariates (sex, age, immigrant status, region, socioeconomic status, and body mass index), lower odds of meeting with the 24-h movement recommendations were found in those living in areas with medium (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55; confident interval [CI] 95%, 0.46-0.67) or high air pollution (OR = 0.45; CI 95%, 0.36-0.55), compared with those living in areas with low air pollution. CONCLUSIONS The movement behaviour of young people seems to be associated with the presence of air pollution among Spanish youth. Spanish public health agencies could consider the development of strategies to mitigate the health risks for children/adolescents in high air polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile.
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago F Gómez
- Gasol Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; GREpS, Health Education Research Group, Nursing and Physiotherapy Department, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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The Role of Physical Education in Preventing Unhealthy Lifestyles in Immigrant Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116889. [PMID: 35682480 PMCID: PMC9180895 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, migratory phenomena have changed the composition of Spanish society. There are many studies that explore the healthy habits of young adolescents, but few focus on young immigrants. The purpose of this study is to examine the causal relationships between certain factors that influence the health of immigrant youth and sports. The sample consisted of 173 students enrolled in secondary education in the city of Cuenca. The structural model confirms the relationship between the latent variables and sports. Specifically, we obtained a positive influence of an active lifestyle (regular physical activity and exercise) and a negative influence for the remaining variables (alcohol consumption, unhealthy foods, self-medication and tobacco consumption in the family). Physical education should promote healthy lifestyles; greater coordination between physical education and other subjects involved in education and the promotion of health are necessary because we consider that this task is not exclusive to physical education.
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Ahmed S, Uddin R, Ziviani J, Gomersall S, Khan A. Lifestyle behaviours of immigrant and Australian children: Evidence from a nationally representative sample. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 4:112-118. [PMID: 35782282 PMCID: PMC9219330 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shahnawaz Ahmed
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Corresponding author. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Riaz Uddin
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jenny Ziviani
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sjaan Gomersall
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Asaduzzaman Khan
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Corresponding author. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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A Quasi-Experimental Study of the Effects of an Outdoor Learning Program on Physical Activity Patterns of Children with a Migrant Background: the PASE Study. PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.5334/paah.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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