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Beevor HJ, Ginty AT, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS, Williams SE. Mastery imagery ability moderates the relationship between heart rate reactivity to acute psychological stress and perceptions of stress and physiological arousal. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14486. [PMID: 37973366 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Imagery has been associated with cardiovascular and psychological responses to stress; however, the mechanisms underlying this association are not fully understood. The present study examined if the ability to image mastering challenging or difficult situations moderated the relationship between heart rate reactivity and perceptions of stress and physiological arousal experienced during acute stress. Four hundred and fifty-eight participants completed a standardized laboratory stress protocol with heart rate being measured throughout. After completing an acute psychological stress task, participants rated how stressed and physiologically aroused they felt (i.e., intensity) and whether they perceived the stress and physiological arousal as being helpful/unhelpful to performance (i.e., interpretation). Mastery imagery ability was assessed by questionnaire. Moderation analyses controlling for gender demonstrated that imagery ability moderated the relationship between heart rate reactivity and interpretation of stress (β = 0.015, p = .003) and perceived physiological arousal (β = 0.013, p = .004). Simple slope analysis indicated that in those with higher imagery ability, heart rate reactivity was associated with stress and arousal being perceived as more positive toward performance. Imagery ability did not moderate the relationship between heart rate reactivity and perceived stress intensity or physiological arousal intensity (p's > .05), but imagery ability did predict lower perceived stress intensity (β = -0.217, p < .001) and perceived physiological arousal intensity (β = -0.172, p < .001). Higher mastery imagery ability may possibly help individuals perceive responses to stress as more beneficial for performance and thus be an effective coping technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Beevor
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Annie T Ginty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Williams
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Budnik-Przybylska D, Syty P, Kaźmierczak M, Przybylski J, Doliński Ł, Łabuda M, Jasik P, Kastrau A, di Fronso S, Bertollo M. Psychophysiological strategies for enhancing performance through imagery-skin conductance level analysis in guided vs. self-produced imagery. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5197. [PMID: 38431722 PMCID: PMC10908843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Athletes need to achieve their optimal level of arousal for peak performance. Visualization or mental rehearsal (i.e., Imagery) often helps to obtain an appropriate level of activation, which can be detected by monitoring Skin Conductance Level (SCL). However, different types of imagery could elicit different amount of physiological arousal. Therefore, this study aims: (1) to investigate differences in SCL associated with two instructional modalities of imagery (guided vs. self-produced) and six different scripts; (2) to check if SCL could differentiate respondents according to their sport expertise. Thirty participants, aged between 14 and 42 years (M = 22.93; SD = 5.24), with different sport levels took part in the study. Participants listened to each previously recorded script and then were asked to imagine the scene for a minute. During the task, SCL was monitored. We analysed the mean value, variance, slope and number of fluctuations per minute of the electrodermal signal. Unsupervised machine learning models were used for measuring the resemblance of the signal. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for distinguishing guided and self-produced imagery, and The Mann-Whitney U test was used for distinguishing results of different level athletes. We discovered that among others, self-produced imagery generates lower SCL, higher variance, and a higher number of fluctuations compared to guided imagery. Moreover, we found similarities of the SCL signal among the groups of athletes (i.e. expertise level). From a practical point of view, our findings suggest that different imagery instructional modalities can be implemented for specific purposes of mental preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska
- Division of Sport Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Paweł Syty
- Institute of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
- BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria Kaźmierczak
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Division of Family Studies and Quality of Life, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Przybylski
- Division of Sport Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Social Science, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Doliński
- Department of Biomechatronics, Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Łabuda
- Institute of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
- BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Patryk Jasik
- Institute of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
- BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adrian Kastrau
- Institute of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Selenia di Fronso
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bertollo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Martín-Rodríguez A, Gostian-Ropotin LA, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Belando-Pedreño N, Simón JA, López-Mora C, Navarro-Jiménez E, Tornero-Aguilera JF, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Sporting Mind: The Interplay of Physical Activity and Psychological Health. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:37. [PMID: 38275986 PMCID: PMC10819297 DOI: 10.3390/sports12010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic relationship between sports practice and psychological well-being has, in recent times, surged to the forefront of academic and public attention. The aim of this narrative review is to comprehensively explore the intricate pathways linking physical engagement in sports to its subsequent impacts on mental health and synthesize the multifarious effects of sports on psychological health, offering insights for integrating physical and psychological strategies to enhance well-being. From neurobiological underpinnings to therapeutic applications, this comprehensive manuscript provides an in-depth dive into the multifaceted world of sports and psychology. Highlighting evidence-based interventions, this review aspires to offer actionable insights for practitioners, athletes, and individuals alike, advocating for a holistic approach to mental well-being. This manuscript highlights the profound impact of sports on mental health, emphasizing its role in emotional regulation, resilience, cognitive function, and treating psychological conditions. It details how sports induce neurochemical changes, enhance brain functions like memory and learning, and aid against cognitive decline. This review also notes the benefits of regular exercise in mood improvement, stress management, and social skill enhancement, particularly when combined with mindfulness practices. It underscores the importance of considering cultural and gender perspectives in sports psychology, advocating for an integrated physical-psychological approach to promote overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (L.A.G.-R.); (N.B.-P.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Laura Augusta Gostian-Ropotin
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (L.A.G.-R.); (N.B.-P.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | | | - Noelia Belando-Pedreño
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (L.A.G.-R.); (N.B.-P.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Juan Antonio Simón
- Department Ciencias Sociales Act Fis Deporte & Ocio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Clara López-Mora
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Pg. de l’Albereda, 7, 46010 València, Spain;
| | | | - José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (L.A.G.-R.); (N.B.-P.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (L.A.G.-R.); (N.B.-P.); (J.F.T.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
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Baiano C, Zappullo I, Cecere R, Raimo G, Conson M. Visual and kinesthetic motor imagery in adults with different degrees of self-reported motor coordination difficulties. Hum Mov Sci 2023; 91:103137. [PMID: 37572558 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2023.103137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) involves difficulties in performing coordinated movements with fine and/or gross motor skills deficits. Several studies showed that DCD is characterized by motor imagery deficits as well. Here we investigated in neurotypical adults (N = 334) the relationships between the ease of imaging two main motor imagery components, that is the visual and the kinesthetic one, self-reported motor coordination difficulties and handwriting speed. Self-reported motor difficulties were measured by the Adult Developmental Co-ordination Disorders/Dyspraxia Checklist (ADC) and scores were used to distinguish three groups: participants at risk of DCD (with both relevant childhood and current motor coordination difficulties); with motor coordination difficulties (relevant current but not childhood difficulties); without motor coordination difficulties (neither current nor childhood difficulties). The main results showed more kinesthetic and visual imagery difficulties in participants at risk of DCD than in those both with and without motor coordination difficulties. Interestingly, the relationships between the two imagery components and motor difficulties were different in the three groups, depending on: 1) the developmental phase (childhood or adulthood) to which motor coordination difficulties referred, and 2) the point of view (self or other), from which images were judged. Instead, no relationship was found between imagery abilities and handwriting speed. Thus, a nuanced pattern of the ease of imaging motor imagery emerged in adults with different degrees of self-reported motor coordination difficulties. These findings could be relevant for the assessment of people candidate to undergo a motor imagery training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Baiano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Isa Zappullo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Roberta Cecere
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gennaro Raimo
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Conson
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Lee SM, Horino H. Psychometric Support for a Japanese Version of the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:461-484. [PMID: 36242095 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221134314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this two-part study, we addressed psychometric properties of the Japanese version of the Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ-J). We analyzed the SIAQ-J factor structure, assessed gender, competitive level, sport type and years of experience differences on the SIAQ-J, and we investigated whether the SIAQ-J was predicted by goal clarity. In Study 1, we translated the original SIAQ (15 items) into Japanese and performed an exploratory factor analysis (n = 366). In Study 2 (n = 422), we verified the measurement model established in Study 1 with exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Study 1 found five exploratory factors-skill, strategy, goal, affect and mastery imagery-and these were confirmed through the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) conducted in Study 2. Structural equation modelling supported a model wherein goal clarity positively predicted all SIAQ-J subscales. This study provided additional validation of the original SIAQ. Overall, the SIAQ-J demonstrated good factorial validity, temporal reliability and gender invariance and discriminated among athletes of different competitive levels and years of experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Min Lee
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, 13148Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Horino
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, 13148Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Tee V, Kuan G, Kueh YC, Abdullah N, Sabran K, Tagiling N, Sahran NF, Alang TAIT, Lee YY. Development and validation of audio-based guided imagery and progressive muscle relaxation tools for functional bloating. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268491. [PMID: 36155547 PMCID: PMC9512190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mind-body techniques, including Guided Imagery (GI) or Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR), may effectively manage bloating. The current study aimed to develop and validate (psychometric and psychological responses) audio-based GI and PMR techniques for bloating. Audio scripts were first developed from literature reviews and in-depth interviews of participants with bloating diagnosed based on the Rome IV criteria. Scripts were validated using psychometric (content & face validity index) and physiological approaches (brain event-related potentials & heart rate variability). 45/63 participants completed the in-depth interview, and ‘balloon’ emerged as the synonymous imagery description for bloating, of which inflation correlated with a painful sensation. The final tools consisted of narrated audio scripts in the background of a validated choice of music. Overall, the content and face validity index for PMR and GI ranged from 0.92 to 1.00. For ERP and HRV, 17/20 participants were analyzed. For ERP, there was a significant difference between GI and PMR for alpha waves (p = 0.029), delta waves (p = 0.029), and between PMR and control for delta waves (p = 0.014). For HRV, GI and PMR exhibited similar autonomic responses over controls (overall p<0.05). The newly developed GI and PMR audio-based tools have been validated using psychometric and physiological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Tee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Garry Kuan
- Exercise and Sport Science Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yee Cheng Kueh
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurzulaikha Abdullah
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Sabran
- School of Arts, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Georgetown, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nashrulhaq Tagiling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy and Oncology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur-Fazimah Sahran
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Yeong Yeh Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
- GI Function & Motility Unit, Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
- * E-mail: ,
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Tsai WL, Pan TY, Hu MC. Feasibility Study on Virtual Reality Based Basketball Tactic Training. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2022; 28:2970-2982. [PMID: 33351762 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2020.3046326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a VR-based basketball training system comprising a standalone VR device and a tablet is proposed. The system is intended to improve the ability of players to understand offensive tactics and practice these tactics correctly. We compare the training effectiveness of various degrees of immersion, including a conventional basketball tactic board, a 2D monitor, and virtual reality. A multi-camera-based human tracking system was designed and built around a real-world basketball court to record and analyze the running trajectory of each player during tactical execution. The accuracy of the running path and hesitation time at each tactical step were evaluated for each participant. Furthermore, we assessed several subjective measurements, including simulator sickness, presence, and sport imagery ability, to conduct a more comprehensive exploration of the feasibility of the proposed VR framework for basketball tactics training. The results indicate that the proposed system is useful for learning complex tactics. Furthermore, high VR immersion training improves athletes' abilities with regards to strategic imagery.
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Pineda-Hernández S. How to play under pressure: EEG monitoring of mental activation training in a professional tennis player. Physiol Behav 2022; 250:113784. [PMID: 35339575 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to monitor the mental activation training during match pressure imageries using a protocol with (MT) and without mental training (wMT) performed in the office and on the tennis court based on the analysis of heart rate, brain waves and subjective ratings in a professional tennis player with high imagery experience. Results showed that both in the office (MTo/wMTo) and on the court (MTc/wMTc) the tennis player's heart rate increased in the match pressure imagery (I.3-8), being higher in the MTo. It decreased in the pressure imagery using mental tools (I.8-13) in the MT. In the case of brainwaves, beta and gamma waves increased in the match pressure imagery (I.3-8); while beta, gamma, delta and theta waves decreased in the pressure imagery using mental tools (I.8-13), being higher in the office. Entropy decreased in the match pressure imagery (I.3-8), being higher in the MTo. It increased in the pressure imagery using mental tools (I.8-13), being higher in the MTo. Regarding subjective ratings, the tennis player felt the pressure in the match pressure imagery, being higher in MT. In the pressure imagery using mental tools he regulated the activation to feel it at an optimal level (7). In the imagery reality, the olfactory and gustatory dimensions were the most difficult to feel in both imageries.
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Imagery ability assessments: a cross-disciplinary systematic review and quality evaluation of psychometric properties. BMC Med 2022; 20:166. [PMID: 35491422 PMCID: PMC9059408 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the last two centuries, researchers developed several assessments to evaluate the multidimensional construct of imagery. However, no comprehensive systematic review (SR) exists for imagery ability evaluation methods and an in-depth quality evaluation of their psychometric properties. METHODS We performed a comprehensive systematic search in six databases in the disciplines of sport, psychology, medicine, education: SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC. Two reviewers independently identified and screened articles for selection. COSMIN checklist was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. All included assessments were evaluated for quality using criteria for good measurement properties. The evidence synthesis was summarised by using the GRADE approach. RESULTS In total, 121 articles reporting 155 studies and describing 65 assessments were included. We categorised assessments based on their construct on: (1) motor imagery (n = 15), (2) mental imagery (n = 48) and (3) mental chronometry (n = 2). Methodological quality of studies was mainly doubtful or inadequate. The psychometric properties of most assessments were insufficient or indeterminate. The best rated assessments with sufficient psychometric properties were MIQ, MIQ-R, MIQ-3, and VMIQ-2 for evaluation of motor imagery ability. Regarding mental imagery evaluation, only SIAQ and VVIQ showed sufficient psychometric properties. CONCLUSION Various assessments exist to evaluate an individual's imagery ability within different dimensions or modalities of imagery in different disciplines. However, the psychometric properties of most assessments are insufficient or indeterminate. Several assessments should be revised and further validated. Moreover, most studies were only evaluated with students. Further cross-disciplinary validation studies are needed including older populations with a larger age range. Our findings allow clinicians, coaches, teachers, and researchers to select a suitable imagery ability assessment for their setting and goals based on information about the focus and quality of the assessments. SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS REGISTER PROSPERO CRD42017077004 .
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10
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Pineda S. Playing under pressure: EEG monitoring of activation in professional tennis players. Physiol Behav 2022; 247:113723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Zhong W, Zhang G. Mental Simulation to Promote Exercise Intentions and Behaviors. Front Psychol 2021; 12:589622. [PMID: 34867568 PMCID: PMC8637839 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.589622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental simulation, which employs specific patterns of imagery, can increase the intention to exercise as well as actual engagement in exercise. The present studies explored the effects of mental simulation on the intention to engage in exercise while regulating emotions. The first study confirmed that mental simulation did promote intentions of participants. The second found that video-primed mental simulation was a more effective method of exercise intention promotion than semantic-primed and image-primed mental simulation. In the third study, it was found that combining process-based and outcome-based mental simulations increased exercise intentions. Positive emotions mediated imagery ability and intention to exercise. The final study found that the mental simulation interventions most effective for exercise adherence were those that balanced the valence of process and outcome components in such a way that a challenging process results in a positive outcome, or a smooth process results in a negative outcome. Each of these results has practical implications for exercise interventions that will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitan Zhong
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoli Zhang
- School of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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12
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Lin HH, Lin TY, Ling Y, Lo CC. Influence of Imagery Training on Adjusting the Pressure of Fin Swimmers, Improving Sports Performance and Stabilizing Psychological Quality. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211767. [PMID: 34831523 PMCID: PMC8621450 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the effects of imagery training on athletes' imagery ability, physical anxiety and athletic performance. This study employed a mixed research approach. Snowball sampling was used to select 55 fin swimmers with imagery training experience and formal competition participation. Basic statistics were obtained, and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0, and the results were compared with the opinions of three experts and were tested using multivariate validation methods. The results revealed that although imagery training can help athletes improve their performance and significantly reduce their anxiety during the competition, athletes can still make mistakes due to internal and environmental factors and even have negative thoughts that lead to their reduced likelihood of competition participation. By strengthening strategic and technical imagery training, we can help our fin swimmers perform at a higher level, achieve their goals, and improve overall satisfaction with their competition process and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Hsien Lin
- School of Physical Education, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
- Correspondence: (H.-H.L.); (C.-C.L.)
| | - Tzu-Yun Lin
- Department of Sport Information and Communication, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung City 404401, Taiwan;
| | - Ying Ling
- Institute of Physical Education and Health, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, China;
| | - Chih-Cheng Lo
- Department of Industrial Education and Technology, National Changhua University of Education, No. 2, Shi-Da Road, Changhua City 500, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-H.L.); (C.-C.L.)
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Eye care professionals seek to provide effective vision care for a variety of patient needs, including performance in sports and recreational pursuits. This review provides an analysis of common visual performance assessments, including summaries of recent clinical research from a diverse array of professional literature.Vision is recognized as an important element of sports performance. Elite athletes frequently demonstrate exceptional abilities to see and respond effectively in sports competition. Which visual factors are important and how to most effectively assess visual performance are the sources of much debate. This topical review presents an evidence-based review of the common visual performance factors assessed in athletes, beginning with guidance for conducting a visual task analysis for the variety of sports that athlete patients may compete in. An information processing model is used to provide a framework for understanding the contributions of the many visual performance factors used during sports.
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Milley KR, Ouellette GP. Putting Attention on the Spot in Coaching: Shifting to an External Focus of Attention With Imagery Techniques to Improve Basketball Free-Throw Shooting Performance. Front Psychol 2021; 12:645676. [PMID: 33935903 PMCID: PMC8085315 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.645676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attentional focus is an area that has garnered considerable attention in the sport psychology and motor performance literature. This is unsurprising given that attentional focus has been directly linked to performance outcomes and is susceptible to coaching input. While research has amassed supporting benefits of an external focus of attention (EFA) on motor performance using verbal instruction, other studies have challenged the notion that an EFA is more beneficial than an internal focus of attention (IFA) for sport-related performance. Further, it is unclear what type of instructions may serve to direct an athlete to an EFA and, in particular, if coaching can utilize imagery to orient an athlete toward an EFA. In the present exploratory study, we evaluate the effectiveness of instruction to improve free-throw shooting performance with an emphasis on an EFA brought about by implementing techniques borrowed from the imagery literature. This was tested relative to an alternate approach with an IFA induced through an emphasis on technique, devised to more closely resemble input typical of coach-to-athlete instruction. Twenty-five male and female university basketball players completed both conditions in a fully counterbalanced within-subject design. Results confirmed that participants in the EFA imagery condition had greater shooting accuracy than in the IFA technique condition. The study provides initial evidence that EFA coaching can borrow from imagery techniques, though future research should elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Milley
- Psychology Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
| | - Gene P Ouellette
- Psychology Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada.,Department of Athletics, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB, Canada
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15
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Williams SE, Quinton ML, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS, Davies J, Möller C, Trotman GP, Ginty AT. Mastery Imagery Ability Is Associated With Positive Anxiety and Performance During Psychological Stress. Front Psychol 2021; 12:568580. [PMID: 33868067 PMCID: PMC8044829 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.568580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastery imagery (i.e., images of being in control and coping in difficult situations) is used to regulate anxiety. The ability to image this content is associated with trait confidence and anxiety, but research examining mastery imagery ability's association with confidence and anxiety in response to a stressful event is scant. The present study examined whether trait mastery imagery ability mediated the relationship between confidence and anxiety, and the subsequent associations on performance in response to an acute psychological stress. Participants (N = 130; 55% male; Mage = 19.94 years; SD = 1.07 years) completed assessments of mastery imagery ability and engaged in a standardized acute psychological stress task. Immediately prior to the task, confidence, cognitive and somatic anxiety intensity, and interpretation of anxiety symptoms regarding the task were assessed. Path analyses supported a model whereby mastery imagery ability mediated the relationship between confidence and cognitive and somatic anxiety interpretation. Greater mastery imagery ability and confidence were both directly associated with better performance on the stress task. Mastery imagery ability may help individuals experience more facilitative anxiety and perform better during stressful tasks. Improving mastery imagery ability by enhancing self-confidence may help individuals successfully cope with anxiety elicited during stressful situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Williams
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mary L Quinton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jack Davies
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Möller
- The Wright Institute, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Gavin P Trotman
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Annie T Ginty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
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16
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Dahm SF, Bart VKE, Pithan JM, Rieger M. Deutsche Übersetzung und Validierung des VMIQ-2 zur Erfassung der Lebhaftigkeit von Handlungsvorstellungen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SPORTPSYCHOLOGIE 2019; 26:151-158. [PMID: 32273834 PMCID: PMC7145442 DOI: 10.1026/1612-5010/a000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to validate a German version of the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire 2 (VMIQ-2; Roberts, Callow, Hardy, Markland, & Bringer, 2008), which measures external visual, internal visual, and kinesthetic vividness of movement imagery. The psychometric characteristics of the German version did not differ significantly from the English version. Using confirmatory factor analyses, the three-dimensional structure of the VMIQ-2 was replicated with reasonable fit and good internal consistency. The test-retest reliability was moderate. Thus, the German version of the VMIQ-2 is a valid instrument for measuring the vividness of movement imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan F Dahm
- UMIT - Private Universität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Medizinische Informatik und Technik, Hall in Tirol
| | - Victoria K E Bart
- UMIT - Private Universität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Medizinische Informatik und Technik, Hall in Tirol
| | | | - Martina Rieger
- UMIT - Private Universität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Medizinische Informatik und Technik, Hall in Tirol
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17
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Moradi J. Benefits of a Guided Motor-Mental Preperformance Routine on Learning the Basketball Free Throw. Percept Mot Skills 2019; 127:248-262. [PMID: 31438776 DOI: 10.1177/0031512519870648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While past research has shown the benefits of preperformance routines (PPRs) on athletes' performances, only a few studies have addressed PPR effects on novices' learning or performance. This study investigated the effect of motor-mental PPR on learning the basketball free throw. We categorized 45 undergraduate male students into three 15-session training groups receiving (a) a five-step PPR based on Singer's model, (b) a self-regulation PPR, and (c) no PPR, but only a basketball free throw performance (control group). One week later, we conducted retention and transfer testing. A repeated measures analysis of variance and two-way mixed design analysis of variance showed that, in the acquisition and test phases, the five-step PPR group performed better than the other two groups (p < .001), and there was no significant difference between the self-regulation PPR and control groups. The results also showed that, in accordance with the specificity of practice hypothesis, participants' performance decreased significantly on transfer testing when PPR was removed from the experimental groups. A well-guided motor-mental PPR was superior to a self-regulated PPR for novices learning this basketball skill, probably because it increased the participants' concentration during acquisition and helped them learn it as part of a motor pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalil Moradi
- Department of Motor Behavior and Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Arak University, Arak, Iran
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18
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Quinton ML, Veldhuijzen van Zanten J, Trotman GP, Cumming J, Williams SE. Investigating the Protective Role of Mastery Imagery Ability in Buffering Debilitative Stress Responses. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1657. [PMID: 31396128 PMCID: PMC6668598 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastery imagery has been shown to be associated with more positive cognitive and emotional responses to stress, but research is yet to investigate the influence of mastery imagery ability on imagery's effectiveness in regulating responses to acute stress, such as competition. Furthermore, little research has examined imagery's effectiveness in response to actual competition. This study examined (a) whether mastery imagery ability was associated with stress response changes to a competitive stress task, a car racing computer game, following an imagery intervention, and (b) the effects of different guided imagery content on pre-task cognitive and emotional responses. In Session 1, 78 participants (M age = 20.03 years, SD = 1.28) completed ratings of pre-task anxiety intensity and direction, confidence, and perceived control. Imagery ability was also assessed before completing the task. In Session 2, participants were randomly allocated to an imagery condition (positive mastery, negative mastery, relaxation) or control group (no imagery) before completing the task and outcome measures again. For the negative mastery group, greater positive mastery imagery ability was associated with greater perceived control and perceiving anxiety as more facilitative. Furthermore, mastery imagery ability moderated the relationship between anxiety intensity and direction. Altogether, results suggest that positive mastery imagery ability may act as a potential buffer against the effects of negative images.
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19
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Can Personality Factors and Body Esteem Predict Imagery Ability in Dancers? Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7060131. [PMID: 31146337 PMCID: PMC6628101 DOI: 10.3390/sports7060131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dancing is mainly regarded as a form of art, which has been linked to the expression of emotions. Imagery is a well-known technique for enhancing performance. Additionally, specific personality traits are likely to facilitate performance. In the dancer’s performance, regarding the body as a tool is crucial. The following study examines personality and perceived body esteem as predictors of imagery ability in professional dancers. We analyzed two experimental groups, namely ballet dancers and professional dancers of other styles, and a control group. A sample of 249 people took part in the study: 155 women and 94 men aged 18–56 years. Participants filled in The Imagination in Sport Questionnaire and Polish adaptations of the Big Five Inventory—Short and the Body Esteem Scale. Results indicated that while each experimental group differed significantly from the control group in terms of their imagery ability, there were no differences between the two experimental groups. Findings revealed that personality traits, mainly higher openness to experience, and body esteem, mainly related to physical condition, were significant predictors of higher imagery ability in all groups.
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20
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Sook YY. Effect of Mindfulness Based Sport Psychology Counseling on Injured Junior Baseball Players in Rehabilitation Process-Case Study. THE ASIAN JOURNAL OF KINESIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.15758/ajk.2019.21.2.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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21
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Spindler DJ, Allen MS, Vella SA, Swann C. Motivational-general arousal imagery does not improve decision-making performance in elite endurance cyclists. Cogn Emot 2018; 33:1084-1093. [PMID: 30296909 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2018.1529656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Emotions are predicted to influence judgement and decision-making across a range of performance contexts. This experiment tested whether motivational-general arousal imagery can improve the decision-making performance of elite endurance cyclists. In total, 54 cyclists (38 men, 16 women) were assigned to either a positive imagery condition (where positive images associated with the affective experience of winning were encouraged) or a negative imagery condition (where negative images associated with poor performance were encouraged). The cyclists were read one of two scripts designed to elicit positive or negative images during a 20-min maximal sustainable interval on a cycle ergometer. A decision-making task (colour-word match Stroop) was performed before and immediately after the maximal sustainable power interval. Results showed that the manipulation was successful with cyclists in the positive imagery condition reporting more positive affective states (higher levels of happiness and lower levels of dejection) than those in the negative imagery condition. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in their decision-making performance under physiological duress. These findings indicate that while motivational-general arousal imagery might be a useful method to induce positive emotions during exercise, it is unlikely to improve the decision-making performance of cyclists in performance-relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Spindler
- a School of Psychology , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW , Australia
| | - Mark S Allen
- a School of Psychology , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW , Australia
| | - Stewart A Vella
- a School of Psychology , University of Wollongong , Wollongong , NSW , Australia
| | - Christian Swann
- b School of Health and Human Sciences , Southern Cross University , Coffs Harbour , NSW , Australia
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22
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Functional Role of Internal and External Visual Imagery: Preliminary Evidences from Pilates. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:7235872. [PMID: 29849565 PMCID: PMC5924993 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7235872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates whether a functional difference between the visualization of a sequence of movements in the perspective of the first- (internal VMI-I) or third- (external VMI-E) person exists, which might be relevant to promote learning. By using a mental chronometry experimental paradigm, we have compared the time or execution, imagination in the VMI-I perspective, and imagination in the VMI-E perspective of two kinds of Pilates exercises. The analysis was carried out in individuals with different levels of competence (expert, novice, and no-practice individuals). Our results showed that in the Expert group, in the VMI-I perspective, the imagination time was similar to the execution time, while in the VMI-E perspective, the imagination time was significantly lower than the execution time. An opposite pattern was found in the Novice group, in which the time of imagination was similar to that of execution only in the VMI-E perspective, while in the VMI-I perspective, the time of imagination was significantly lower than the time of execution. In the control group, the times of both modalities of imagination were significantly lower than the execution time for each exercise. The present data suggest that, while the VMI-I serves to train an already internalised gesture, the VMI-E perspective could be useful to learn, and then improve, the recently acquired sequence of movements. Moreover, visual imagery is not useful for individuals that lack a specific motor experience. The present data offer new insights in the application of mental training techniques, especially in field of sports. However, further investigations are needed to better understand the functional role of internal and external visual imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cumming
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel L. Eaves
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities & Law, Teesside University, UK
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24
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Campos A. Líneas actuales de diagnóstico sobre las imágenes mentales (2009-2017). REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS E INVESTIGACIÓN EN PSICOLOGÍA Y EDUCACIÓN 2017. [DOI: 10.17979/reipe.2017.0.01.2148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
En este trabajo estudiamos las medidas que se están utilizando en España desde el año 2009 hasta la actualidad (año 2017), y que fueron traducidas al español y analizadas en España, independientemente de que fuesen generadas en España, o simplemente hayan sido traducidas y estudiadas en España. El trabajo lo dividimos en seis grandes apartados a) La medida de la viveza de imagen, b) La imagen espacial y la rotación de imágenes, c) La imagen en el deporte, d) El estilo de procesamiento, e) La imagen auditiva, y f) La orientación espacial.
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25
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Anuar N, Williams SE, Cumming J. Do the physical and environment PETTLEP elements predict sport imagery ability? Eur J Sport Sci 2017; 17:1319-1327. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1377290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nurwina Anuar
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Sarah E. Williams
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Cumming
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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26
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Simonsmeier BA, Hannemann A. Die deutsche Übersetzung des SIQ und SIAQ zur Erfassung von Vorstellungsgebrauch und Vorstellungskompetenz im Sport. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SPORTPSYCHOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1026/1612-5010/a000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, eine deutschsprachige Übersetzung des Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ; Hall, Mack, Paivio & Hausenblas, 1998 ) sowie des Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire (SIAQ, Williams & Cumming, 2011 ) zu erstellen und auf ihre psychometrischen Eigenschaften zu überprüfen. Der SIQ erfasst das Konstrukt Vorstellungsgebrauch, der SIAQ die Vorstellungskompetenz. An der Studie nahmen 404 Athletinnen und Athleten aus über 45 Sportarten im Alter von 14 bis 72 Jahren in Präsenz- und Onlineerhebungen teil. Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen der deutschen Übersetzungen des SIQ und SIAQ zeigten akzeptable Fit-Indizes und Reliabilitäten. Messinvarianz-Analysen ergaben skalare Invarianz der Erhebungsmethode. Die deutschen Versionen des SIQ und SIAQ zeigen demnach die gleiche Faktorstruktur wie die Originalfragebögen mit vergleichbaren psychometrischen Eigenschaften. Die Ergebnisse liefern Evidenz, dass der SIQ und SIAQ reliable Maße zur Erfassung von Vorstellungsgebrauch und Vorstellungskompetenz für die Forschung und sportpsychologische Praxis darstellen. Weitere Forschung bezüglich der Weiterentwicklung, Retest-Reliabilität und prädiktiven Validität ist wünschenswert.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Hannemann
- Institut für Pädagogische Psychologie, Universität Trier
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28
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Mediator and moderator variables of imagery use-motor learning and sport performance relationships: a narrative review. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-016-0265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Reliability and validity of the Polish version of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3). CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2016.63218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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30
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Williams SE, Guillot A, Di Rienzo F, Cumming J. Comparing self-report and mental chronometry measures of motor imagery ability. Eur J Sport Sci 2015; 15:703-11. [PMID: 26313631 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the relationship between two of the most common measures of motor imagery ability, self-report ratings, and chronometric assessment. This was done for three types of imagery modalities: external visual imagery (EVI), internal visual imagery (IVI), and kinesthetic imagery (KI). Measures of imagery ability (i.e. self-report and mental chronometry) were also compared across skill levels. Participants (N = 198) completed the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 (MIQ-3) to generate self-report ratings. Chronometric assessment was obtained by recording the duration of each MIQ-3 movement imaged and physically performed and then calculating a discrepancy score. There were no significant correlations between self-report and mental chronometry for any of the three motor imagery types (p > .05). When assessing the different types of motor imagery ability using self-report ratings, elite athletes had significantly higher KI than IVI, which was in turn significantly higher than EVI (p < .05). When assessing motor imagery ability using mental chronometry, there were no significant differences in imagery type (p > .05). Findings suggest both measures address different components of MI quality and should be used together to obtain a more comprehensive assessment of motor imagery ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Williams
- a School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , B15 2TT , UK
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- b Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport , Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1 , Lyon , France
| | - Franck Di Rienzo
- b Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport , Université Claude Bernard - Lyon 1 , Lyon , France
| | - Jennifer Cumming
- a School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , B15 2TT , UK
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31
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Koehn S, Stavrou NAM, Young JA, Morris T. The applied model of imagery use: Examination of moderation and mediation effects. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:975-84. [PMID: 26247483 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The applied model of mental imagery use proposed an interaction effect between imagery type and imagery ability. This study had two aims: (a) the examination of imagery ability as a moderating variable between imagery type and dispositional flow, and (b) the testing of alternative mediation models. The sample consisted of 367 athletes from Scotland and Australia, who completed the Sport Imagery Questionnaire, Sport Imagery Ability Questionnaire, and Dispositional Flow Scale-2. Hierarchical regression analysis showed direct effects of imagery use and imagery ability on flow, but no significant interaction. Mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect path, indicating a partially mediated relationship (P = 0.002) between imagery use, imagery ability, and flow. Partial mediation was confirmed when the effect of cognitive imagery use and cognitive imagery ability was tested, and a full mediation model was found between motivational imagery use, motivational imagery ability, and flow. The results are discussed in conjunction with potential future research directions on advancing theory and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koehn
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
| | - N A M Stavrou
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - J A Young
- College of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T Morris
- College of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Mentale Vorstellungen werden im Sport vornehmlich in Form von Vorstellungen einer Bewegung eingesetzt. Der Gebrauch von Bewegungsvorstellungen hat sich inzwischen in einer Vielzahl von Sportarten etabliert und der Nutzen systematischer Bewegungsvorstellungen wurde mehrfach belegt. Durch Bewegungsvorstellung soll das Erlernen und Stabilisieren von Bewegungen gefördert und in der Rehabilitation die Rückgewinnung bereits erlernter Fähigkeiten erleichtert werden. Die Qualität der Bewegungsvorstellung hat darauf einen weitreichenden Einfluss. Daher geht diese Übersicht umfassend auf die Quantifizierung der Vorstellungsqualität ein. Möglichkeiten zur Erfassung der Bewegungsvorstellung werden vorgestellt. Bei der Messung anhand von Fragebögen welche die Leichtigkeit (z. B. Movement Imagery Questionnaire), Lebhaftigkeit (z. B. Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire) und den Gebrauch von Bewegungsvorstellungen im Sport (z. B. Sport Imagery Questionnaire) abbilden, spielen verschiedene Sinnesmodalitäten wie visuelle und kinästhetische Repräsentationen aber auch die Perspektive der Vorstellung eine zentrale Rolle. Als Alternative gelten quantitative Messungen der Vorstellungszeit. Sowohl Einsatzmöglichkeiten als auch Grenzen der Messmethoden werden aufgezeigt.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Frederic Dahm
- UMIT – Private Universität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Medizinische Informatik und Technik, Hall in Tirol, Österreich
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Suryotrisongko H, Samopa F. Evaluating OpenBCI Spiderclaw V1 Headwear's Electrodes Placements for Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) Motor Imagery Application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2015.12.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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34
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The Imagination in Sport Questionnaire – reliability and validity characteristics. CURRENT ISSUES IN PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.5114/cipp.2014.44303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
<b>Background</b><br />
Imagery is an effective performance enhancement technique. Imagery has been described previously in a range of psychological domains. Measuring imagery is critical in research and practice in sport. Self-report questionnaires are the most regularly used method. The aim of the present study was to examine reliability and validity characteristics of the Imagination in Sport Questionnaire (Kwestionariusz Wyobraźni w Sporcie – KWS).<br />
<b>Participants and procedure</b><br />
Five and hundred eight (N = 326 – study I; N = 182 – study II) Polish athletes completed questionnaires (169 male, 156 female – study I; 139 male, 43 female – study II), aged between 12 and 57 years (M = 22.08, SD = 8.18 – study I; age 19-24, M = 20.46, SD = 1.1 – study II), at different competitive levels and recruited from various sports disciplines.<br />
<b>Results</b><br />
Results indicated the maintained good stability and internal consistency over a 3-week period. Results of confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the 7-factor structure of the KWS resulted in acceptable model fit indices (NC = 2416.63, df = 1203, GFI = 0.944, AGFI = 0.944, CFI = 0.786, RMSEA = 0.056, p (RMSEA < 0.05) = 0.002 – first study; NC = 2234.39, df = 1203, GFI = 0.673, AGFI = = 0.640, CFI = 0.691, RMSEA = 0.069, p (RMSEA < 0.05) = = 0.000 – second study). Concurrent validity was supported by examination of the relationships between the KWS subscales and the SIAM (Sport Imagery Ability Measure) in Polish adaptation. In addition, differences in athletes’ imagery ability were examined across competitive levels, and in relation to both gender and age.<br />
<b>Conclusions</b><br />
Overall, the results supported the reliability and construct validity of the KWS.
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Schack T, Essig K, Frank C, Koester D. Mental representation and motor imagery training. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:328. [PMID: 24904368 PMCID: PMC4033090 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in sports, dance and rehabilitation has shown that basic action concepts (BACs) are fundamental building blocks of mental action representations. BACs are based on chunked body postures related to common functions for realizing action goals. In this paper, we outline issues in research methodology and an experimental method, the structural dimensional analysis of mental representation (SDA-M), to assess action-relevant representational structures that reflect the organization of BACs. The SDA-M reveals a strong relationship between cognitive representation and performance if complex actions are performed. We show how the SDA-M can improve motor imagery training and how it contributes to our understanding of coaching processes. The SDA-M capitalizes on the objective measurement of individual mental movement representations before training and the integration of these results into the motor imagery training. Such motor imagery training based on mental representations (MTMR) has been applied successfully in professional sports such as golf, volleyball, gymnastics, windsurfing, and recently in the rehabilitation of patients who have suffered a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schack
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics Research Group, Center of Excellence "Cognitive Interaction Technology", Research Institute for Cognition and Robotics, Bielefeld University Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kai Essig
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics Research Group, Center of Excellence "Cognitive Interaction Technology", Research Institute for Cognition and Robotics, Bielefeld University Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Cornelia Frank
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics Research Group, Center of Excellence "Cognitive Interaction Technology", Research Institute for Cognition and Robotics, Bielefeld University Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dirk Koester
- Neurocognition and Action-Biomechanics Research Group, Center of Excellence "Cognitive Interaction Technology", Research Institute for Cognition and Robotics, Bielefeld University Bielefeld, Germany
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36
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Cumming J, Williams SE. Introducing the revised applied model of deliberate imagery use for sport, dance, exercise, and rehabilitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/sm/2013098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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MacIntyre TE, Moran AP, Collet C, Guillot A. An emerging paradigm: a strength-based approach to exploring mental imagery. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:104. [PMID: 23554591 PMCID: PMC3612690 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental imagery, or the ability to simulate in the mind information that is not currently perceived by the senses, has attracted considerable research interest in psychology since the early 1970's. Within the past two decades, research in this field-as in cognitive psychology more generally-has been dominated by neuroscientific methods that typically involve comparisons between imagery performance of participants from clinical populations with those who exhibit apparently normal cognitive functioning. Although this approach has been valuable in identifying key neural substrates of visual imagery, it has been less successful in understanding the possible mechanisms underlying another simulation process, namely, motor imagery or the mental rehearsal of actions without engaging in the actual movements involved. In order to address this oversight, a "strength-based" approach has been postulated which is concerned with understanding those on the high ability end of the imagery performance spectrum. Guided by the expert performance approach and principles of ecological validity, converging methods have the potential to enable imagery researchers to investigate the neural "signature" of elite performers, for example. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explain the origin, nature, and implications of the strength-based approach to mental imagery. Following a brief explanation of the background to this latter approach, we highlight some important theoretical advances yielded by recent research on mental practice, mental travel, and meta-imagery processes in expert athletes and dancers. Next, we consider the methodological implications of using a strength-based approach to investigate imagery processes. The implications for the field of motor cognition are outlined and specific research questions, in dynamic imagery, imagery perspective, measurement, multi-sensory imagery, and metacognition that may benefit from this approach in the future are sketched briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadhg E. MacIntyre
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of LimerickLimerick, Ireland
| | | | - Christian Collet
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Centre de Recherche et d'Innovation sur le Sport, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1France
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Williams SE, Cumming J. Sport imagery ability predicts trait confidence, and challenge and threat appraisal tendencies. Eur J Sport Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2011.630102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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