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Fan Z, Li L, Cui Y, Tang X, Shen G, Feng B, Guan J, Zhu H. Identification of the absorbed constituents and metabolites of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5783. [PMID: 38014563 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction (HGWWD) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation for the treatment of ischemic stroke and diabetes peripheral neuropathy. However, the material basis for the efficacy of HGWWD remains unclear. In this study, a rapid, sensitive and selective ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method was developed to separate and identify the absorbed components and metabolites of HGWWD in rat plasma after oral administration for the first time. By comparing the retention time, high-resolution mass spectrometry primary and secondary mass spectrometry data of blank plasma and drug-containing plasma, a total of 42 constituents, including 24 prototype compounds and 18 metabolites, were identified or tentatively characterized. The results indicated that monoterpenes, flavonoids, organic acids, amino acids, gingerols and alkaloids were main prototype compounds in rat plasma, and flavonoid-related metabolites, organic acid-related metabolites and gingerol-related metabolites were major metabolites. It is concluded the developed UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS method with high sensitivity and resolution is suitable for identifying and characterizing the absorbed components and metabolites of HGWWD, and the results will provide important data for further study on the relationship between the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of HGWWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyu Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, Yanji, P. R. China
| | - Lele Li
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yue Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, Yanji, P. R. China
| | - Guanghai Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Jilin, Yanji, P. R. China
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Heyun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, P. R. China
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Zhu Y, Chai Y, Xiao G, Liu Y, Xie X, Xiao W, Zhou P, Ma W, Zhang C, Li L. Astragalus and its formulas as a therapeutic option for fibrotic diseases: Pharmacology and mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1040350. [PMID: 36408254 PMCID: PMC9669388 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1040350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix, characterized by accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components, which causes organ dysfunction and even death. Despite advances in understanding fibrosis pathology and clinical management, there is no treatment for fibrosis that can prevent or reverse it, existing treatment options may lead to diarrhea, nausea, bleeding, anorexia, and liver toxicity. Thus, effective drugs are needed for fibrotic diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine has played a vital role in fibrotic diseases, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Astragalus (Astragalus mongholicus Bunge) can attenuate multiple fibrotic diseases, which include liver fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, peritoneal fibrosis, renal fibrosis, cardiac fibrosis, and so on, mechanisms may be related to inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smads, apoptosis, inflammation pathways. The purpose of this review was to summarize the pharmacology and mechanisms of Astragalus in treating fibrotic diseases, the data reviewed demonstrates that Astragalus is a promising anti-fibrotic drug, its main anti-fibrotic components are Calycosin, Astragaloside IV, Astragalus polysaccharides and formononetin. We also review formulas that contain Astragalus with anti-fibrotic effects, in which Astragalus and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Astragalus and Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels are the most commonly used combinations. We propose that combining active components into new formulations may be a promising way to develop new drugs for fibrosis. Besides, we expect Astragalus to be accepted as a clinically effective method of treating fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilu Chai
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojin Xiao
- Nursing Department, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuying Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Heart Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zigong First People’s Hospital, Zigong, China
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3
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Dong Q, Li Z, Zhang Q, Hu Y, Liang H, Xiong L. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (Fabaceae): Bioactive Compounds and Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms Against Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:924429. [PMID: 35837291 PMCID: PMC9273815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.924429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (Fabaceae) (also known as Astragali radix-AR), a widely used herb by Traditional Chinese Medicine practitioners, possesses a wide range of pharmacological effects, and has been used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) historically. Its bioactive compounds are categorized into four families: saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and others. AR's bioactive compounds are effective in managing AD through a variety of mechanisms, including inhibiting Aβ production, aggregation and tau hyperphosphorylation, protecting neurons against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis, promoting neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation and ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. This review aims to shed light upon the chemical constituents of AR and the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of each compound in manging AD. Also presented are clinical studies which reported successful management of AD with AR and other herbs. These will be helpful for drug development and clinical application of AR to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueyu Hu
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huazheng Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lize Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai, China
- Clinical Research Center for Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Explore the Mechanism of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2022; 2022:4745042. [PMID: 35422858 PMCID: PMC9005278 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4745042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Astragalus mongholicus Bunge [Fabaceae] (AMB), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used to treat liver diseases in the clinic. However, the efficacy and mechanism of AMB in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the active components and mechanisms of AMB against NAFLD based on network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental verification. Methods First, the bioactive components and relevant targets of AMB were screened from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, and NAFLD-related targets were obtained from the GeneCards database. Then, the AMB-NAFLD protein target interaction network was built by the STRING database. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID database. The component targets were visualized using Cytoscape software. Finally, molecular docking and experiments were used to verify the results of network pharmacological prediction. Results Network pharmacology predicted that quercetin may be the main active component in AMB, and the TNF and MAPK signaling pathways may be the key targets of AMB against NAFLD. Molecular docking validation results demonstrated that quercetin, as the main active component of AMB, had the highest binding affinity with TNF. Furthermore, quercetin played a distinct role in alleviating NAFLD through in vitro experiments. Quercetin upregulated the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and inhibited the expression of p-MAPK and TNF-α. In addition, we further discovered that quercetin could increase ACC phosphorylation and CPT1α expression in PA-induced HepG2 cells. Conclusions Our results indicated that quercetin, as the main active component in AMB, exerts an anti-NAFLD effect by regulating the AMPK/MAPK/TNF-α and AMPK/ACC/CPT1α signaling pathways to inhibit inflammation and alleviate lipid accumulation.
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Study of the Therapeutic Effects of Chinese Herbal Decoction Combined with Glucocorticoid in Treating Primary Nephrotic Syndrome in Children. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4434504. [PMID: 34840588 PMCID: PMC8626201 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4434504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the clinical effects of Chinese medicine decoction combined with glucocorticoid in treating children with primary nephrotic syndrome. Methods A total of 70 children with pediatric nephritis nephrotic syndrome treated at Weifang People's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2019 were randomly allocated to the therapy group and the control group, each with 35 cases. The control group was treated with conventional Western medicine, and the therapy group received Western medicine and Chinese medicine. After 12 weeks of treatment, the therapeutic effect of the two groups was compared. Results After receiving the treatment, the levels of urine protein (UPro), triglyceride, and cholesterol were significantly decreased in the two groups (p < 0.05), and these levels in the therapy group were much lower than those of the control group (p < 0.05). However, the level of albumin (ALB) was predominantly increased in the two groups after treatment (p < 0.05), and this level in the therapy group was much higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the immune indicators, coagulation function, and recurrence rate were noticeably improved after treatment (p < 0.05), and the therapy group was better than the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the comparison of renal function indexes, liver function indexes, and blood routine between the two groups showed no statistical significance in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions For the treatment of refractory nephrotic syndrome in children, based on conventional shock therapy, the addition of traditional Chinese medicine (Liuwei Dihuang pill decoction) remedy can significantly improve the disease symptoms in children and improve the efficacy, and the incidence of adverse reactions is low.
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Men WJ, Cheng LY, Chen MY, Zhang XY, Zhang Y, Zhou K. Study on pharmacokinetics of eight active compounds from Bufei-Huoxue Capsule based on UHPLC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1184:122974. [PMID: 34655890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bufei-Huoxue Capsule (BFHX) was applied to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China. It is composed of Astragali Radix, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, and Psoralea Fructus. A sensitive and reliable ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to quantify the eight main bioactive compounds (psoralen, isopsoralen, neobabaisoflavone, corylin, bavachin, astragaloside IV, ononin and formononetin) in rat plasma after oral administration of BFHX. Osthol was used as an internal standard (IS). Plasma samples were pretreated with methanol to precipitate protein. Chromatographic separation was accomplished using Hypersil GOLDTM C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.9 μm) with a gradient elution profile and a mobile phase consisting of (A) 0.1% formic acid in water and (B) acetonitrile and the flow rate was set at 0.2 mL/min. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was applied to perform mass spectrometric analyses. All calibration curves were linear (r > 0.9908) in tested ranges. The intra- and inter-day accuracy and precisions of eight compounds at three different concentration levels were within the acceptable limits. The extraction recovery was within the range of 76.4 ∼ 105.2% and the matrix effects were within the range of 88.3 ∼ 115.0% (RSD ≤ 15.6%). The dilution effects were within the range of 90.2 ∼ 114.9%. These 8 compounds were stable under the tested conditions. So the developed method was valid to evaluate the pharmacokinetic study of eight bioactive compounds after oral administration of BFHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Men
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Li-Yuan Cheng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meng-Ying Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Kun Zhou
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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An L, Lin Y, Li L, Kong M, Lou Y, Wu J, Liu Z. Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation to Investigate the Effects and Mechanism of Astragalus Flavonoids Against Hepatic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:618262. [PMID: 33551818 PMCID: PMC7862122 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.618262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis (HF) represents the excessive wound healing where an excess amount of connective tissues is formed within the liver, finally resulting in cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, it is significant to discover the efficient agents and components to treat HF, thus restraining the further progression of hepatopathy. Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge [also called Astragali Radix (AR)] is a famous herb in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which possesses a variety of biological activities and exerts good therapeutic effects in the treatment of HF. Flavonoids account for the major active ingredients related to the AR pharmacological effects. Total AR flavonoids have been proved to exert inhibitory effects on hepatic fibrosis. This study aimed to further undertake network pharmacology analysis coupled with experimental validation and molecular docking to investigate the effects and mechanism of multiple flavonoid components from AR against liver fibrosis. The results of the network pharmacology analysis showed that the flavonoids from AR exerted their pharmacological effects against liver fibrosis by modulating multiple targets and pathways. The experimental validation data showed that the flavonoids from AR were able to suppress transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-mediated activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and reduce extracellular matrix deposition in HSC-T6 cells via regulating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signal transduction pathway. The results of the molecular docking study further showed that the flavonoids had a strong binding affinity for IκB kinase (IKKβ) after docking into the crystal structure. The above results indicated that, flavonoids possibly exerted the anti-inflammatory effect on treating HF by mediating inflammatory signaling pathways. The potential mechanism of these flavonoids against liver fibrosis may be related to suppression of the NF-κB pathway through effective inhibition of IKKβ. This study not only provides a scientific basis for clarifying the effects and mechanism of AR flavonoids against liver fibrosis but also suggests a novel promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jinjun Wu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Li HF, Li T, Yang P, Wang Y, Tang XJ, Liu LJ, Xu F, Shang MY, Liu GX, Li YL, Wang X, Yin J, Cai SQ. Global Profiling and Structural Characterization of Metabolites of Ononin Using HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS n After Oral Administration to Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15164-15175. [PMID: 33315401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ononin is a bioactive isoflavone of legumes. To explore the "effective forms" of ononin, its metabolites were characterized using HPLC-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn after oral administration to rats. Metabolites (106), including 94 new metabolites, were characterized, which contained 17 phase I, 23 hydroxylated and methylated, 54 sulfated, 10 glucuronidated, and 2 sulfated and glucuronidated metabolites. Six hydroxylated metabolites of formononetin (aglycone of ononin) were simultaneously detected for the first time. Twenty-three hydroxylated and methylated metabolites were the new metabolites of ononin, and the number of hydroxylation and methylation was 1-3 and 1-2. Twenty metabolites have ononin-related bioactivities, and many metabolites have the same bioactivities. Their probable mechanisms of action may be additive and/or synergistic effects, especially because of the addition of the blood concentrations of these compounds. The results provide a foundation for a better understanding of the "effective forms" of ononin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Fu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Teng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Drug Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration, No.1 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, No.3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Xue-Jian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li-Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming-Ying Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guang-Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yao-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
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Li AP, Yang L, Cui T, Zhang LC, Liu YT, Yan Y, Li K, Qin XM. Uncovering the mechanism of Astragali Radix against nephrotic syndrome by intergrating lipidomics and network pharmacology. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 77:153274. [PMID: 32771537 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragali Radix (AR), a common Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is commonly used for treating nephrotic syndrome (NS) in China. At present, the research on the efficacy of AR against NS is relative clearly, but there are fewer researches on the mechanism. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of AR in an adriamycin-induced nephropathy rat model, as well as investigate the possible mechanisms of action and potential lipid biomarkers. METHODS In this work, a rat model of NS was established by two injections of ADR (3.5 + 1 mg/kg) into the tail vein. The potential metabolites and targets involved in the anti-NS effects of AR were predicted by lipidomics coupled with the network pharmacology approach, and the crucial metabolite and protein were further validated by western blotting and ELISA. RESULTS The results showed that 22 metabolites such as l-carnitine, LysoPC (20:3), and SM (d18:1/16:0) were associated with renal injury. Moreover, SMPD1, CPT1A and LCAT were predicted as lipids linked targets of AR against NS, whilst glycerophospholipid, sphingolipid and fatty acids metabolism were involved as key pathways of AR against NS. Besides, AR could play a critical role in NS by improving oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis and reducing inflammation. Interestingly, our results indicated that key metabolite l-carnitine and target CPT1 were one of the important metabolites and targets for AR to exert anti-NS effects. CONCLUSION In summary, this study offered a new understanding of the protection mechanism of AR against NS by network pharmacology and lipidomic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ting Cui
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Li-Chao Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical sciences of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yue-Tao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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Li AP, He SS, Zhang WN, Zhang LC, Liu YT, Li K, Qin XM. Exploration the active compounds of Astragali Radix in treatment of adriamycin nephropathy by network pharmacology combined with transcriptomic approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112537. [PMID: 31901455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aimed to study the active compounds of Astragali Radix (AR) in the treatment of adriamycin nephropathy (AN) by a combination of network pharmacology and transcriptomics. METHODS The chemical compounds of AR were screened out by text mining and database searching. Pharm Mapper was used to predict the targets of these chemical compounds. Potential targets of AN were screened by integrating the data from network pharmacology with known transcriptomics analysis results of kidney tissue. Compound-active target-potential target interactions networks were constructed so as to illustrate the relationship between compounds and targets, and obtain the chemical compounds directly related to potential targets of AN. The formula of compound contribution index (CI) based on algorithm was used to screen the active compounds of AR in the treatment of AN. In addition, we established an adriamycin-induced cell damage model with MPC5 cell, and used MTT assay, trypan blue dyeing and western blot analyses to validate the pharmacodynamic effect of the active compounds. RESULTS 27 chemical compounds and 376 targets in AR were obtained by network pharmacology. Through Compound-active target-potential target interactions networks analysis, 22 compounds and 9 active targets as well as 130 potential targets were linked through 282 edges. The CI of every chemical compounds was further calculated by formula, the first four chemical compounds, including astragaloside IV, formononetin, quercetin and calycosin, whose cumulative contribution rate reached 87.28%, were considered to be active compounds. The results of MTT and trypan blue staining indicate that four active compounds had the significant protective effect on adriamycin-induced cell damage with MPC5 cell. Western blot result showed that four active compounds could significantly increase the expression of podocin protein in MPC5 cell. CONCLUSION The active compounds of AR in the treatment of AN were successfully identified by using a network pharmacology and transcriptomics approach. This approach is expected to be beneficial to the study of the pharmacodynamic material basis of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Sheng He
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang-Ning Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Chao Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Tao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, No. 92, Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Huang J, Rui W, Wu J, Ye M, Huang L, Chen H. Strategies for determining the bioactive ingredients of honey-processed Astragalus by serum pharmacochemistry integrated with multivariate statistical analysis. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2061-2072. [PMID: 32135024 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Honey-processed Astragalus is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that has a better effect on reinforcing "Qi" (vital energy) than the raw one. A comparative study of metabolites analysis between them in rat serum for finding the bioactive ingredients was carried out using serum pharmacochemistry and multivariate statistical analysis. The blood collection methods and time were optimized first. Then the prototypes and metabolites in serum samples after oral administration were investigated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry integrated with principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis. The contents of metabolites were also analyzed to evaluate the metabolic profile differences. As a result, nine prototypes and 36 metabolites were identified. Only two prototypes and 15 metabolites were different between raw and honey-processed Astragalus. Their biotransformation reactions contained the process of oxidation, demethylation, and hydrolysis in phase I and glucuronide conjugation or sulfate conjugation in phase II. Most of the detected metabolites were transformed from isoflavones and isoflavanes. Our results expand the knowledge about the influence of honey-processing on Astragalus and suggest the different curative effects between raw and honey-processed Astragalus might due to their therapeutic material discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- The Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Wen Rui
- The Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiacai Wu
- The Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Ye
- The Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Li Huang
- The Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceuticals Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Cosmetics Engineering & Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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12
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Identification and Quantification of “Quality Markers” in Tongkang Tablet on Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections (RRTIs) by UFLC-IT-TOF–MS/MS and HPLC–DAD. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Zhang YZ, Xu F, Dong J, Liang J, Hashi Y, Liu GX, Li YL, Shang MY, Wang X, Cai SQ. Profiling the metabolites of astrapterocarpan in rat hepatic 9000g supernatant. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:842-857. [PMID: 31831131 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Astrapterocarpan (AP) is a bioactive constituent of Astragali Radix and was selected as a model compound for investigating the in vitro metabolism of pterocarpans in this study. Its in vitro metabolism was conducted by incubation with rat hepatic 9000g supernatant (S9) in the presence of an NADPH-generating system. At first, four compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated as 6a-hydroxy-AP (M1), astrametabolin I [M2, 1a-hydroxy-9, 10-dimethoxy-pterocarp-1(2), 4-diene-3-one], 9-demethyl-AP (M3, nissolin) and 4-methoxy-astraisoflavan (M4, 7, 2'dihydroxy-4, 3', 4'-trimethoxy-isoflavan) on the basis of NMR data, respectively. Among them, M1, M2 and M4 were new compounds. Next, the metabolite profile of AP in rat hepatic S9 was obtained via HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn, and 40 new metabolites were tentatively identified. These newly identified metabolites included 9 monohydroxylated metabolites, 1 demethylated metabolite, 7 demethylated and monohydroxylated metabolites, 4 dihydroxylated metabolites, 1 hydration metabolite, 1 didemethylated metabolite, 2 glucosylated metabolites, 1 monohydroxylated and dehydrogenated metabolite, 2 monohydroxylated and demethylated and dehydrogenated metabolites, 2 dimerized metabolites, 3 dimerized and monohydroxylated metabolites, 2 dimerized and didemethylated metabolites, and 5 dimerized and demethylated metabolites. Finally, the major metabolic reactions of AP in rat hepatic S9 were summarized and found to be hydroxylation, demethylation, dimerization, hydration, and dehydrogenation. More importantly, the biotransformation from AP to M2 and the dimerization of AP by incubation with hepatic S9 were reported for the first time. In conclusion, this is the first report on the metabolism of a pure pterocarpan in animal tissues, and these findings will provide a solid basis for further studies on the metabolism of other pterocarpans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Zhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China.
| | - Jing Dong
- Shimadzu China MS Center, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Yuki Hashi
- Shimadzu China MS Center, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Guang-Xue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Yao-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Ming-Ying Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10000, China.
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14
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Liu B, Chen N, Xu Y, Zhang JW, Sun Y, Zhao LZ, Ji YB. A new benzophenone with biological activities from metabolites of butyrolactone I in rat faeces. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:2489-2497. [PMID: 31674853 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1680668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Butyrolactone I, one of the major secondary metabolites of fungus Aspergillus terreus, is a selective cdc2 kinase inhibitor. In the present study, the metabolism of butyrolactone I in male Wistar rats was investigated by characterising metabolites excreted into faeces. Following an oral dose of 40 mg/kg butyrolactone I, two phase I metabolites were isolated from the faeces of rat. The new structure was identified on the spectroscopic data analysis. The new compound V1 and known compound V2 were tested for their cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. V1 and V2 showed significant free radical scavenging ability. V2 also showed strong inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China.,Postdoctoral Center of Chinese Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China.,Postdoctoral Workstation, Institute of Pharmacology, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Xu
- National Center for anti-Cancer Natural Medicine Engineering, Harbin, China
| | - Jia-Wei Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China.,Postdoctoral Center of Chinese Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Li-Zhu Zhao
- National Center for anti-Cancer Natural Medicine Engineering, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Bin Ji
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China.,National Center for anti-Cancer Natural Medicine Engineering, Harbin, China
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15
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In vivo metabolic profiles of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang, a famous traditional Chinese medicine prescription, in rats by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 171:81-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Rao T, Gong YF, Peng JB, Wang YC, He K, Zhou HH, Tan ZR, Lv LZ. Comparative pharmacokinetic study on three formulations of Astragali Radix by an LC-MS/MS method for determination of formononetin in human plasma. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4563. [PMID: 31025385 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for healing the cardiovascular, liver and immune systems. Recently, superfine pulverizing technology has been applied to developing novel formulations to improve bioavailability of the active constituents in herbs, such as ultrafine granular powder of AR. In this study, a universal and sensitive quantitative method based on LC-MS/MS was employed for determining formononetin, the main flavonoid in AR, in human plasma for comparative pharmacokinetics of three oral formulations of AR. Formononetin and IS (quercetin) were extracted by ethyl acetate from human plasma and were separated on a C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid. Positive-ion electrospray-ionization mode was applied in mass spectrometric detection. The quantitative method was validated with regards to selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision, matrix effect, extraction recovery and stability, and was applied to comparing the pharmacokinetics of ultrafine granular powder (UGP), ultrafine powder (UP) and traditional decoction pieces (TDP) of AR after oral administration. The peak concentration and areas under the concentration-time curve of formononetin in UGP and UP were significantly higher than those of TDP. UGP and UP could significantly improve the bioavailability of AR in human compared with TDP after oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Rao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Feng Gong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Bo Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Kang He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Li-Zhi Lv
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Wang Y, Qiao Y, Xu X, Ding X, Li W, Yuan B, Xu H. Simultaneous determination of major components of Huangqi-Honghua extract in rat plasma using LC-MS/MS and application to a pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr 2019; 33:e4546. [PMID: 30937924 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and reliable LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of the major components of Huangqi-Honghua extact in rat plasma, including hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), astragaloside IV (ASIV), calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (CAG), calycosin, calycosin-3'-O-glucuronide (C-3'-G) and calycosin-3'-O-sulfate (C-3'-S). After extraction by protein precipitation with acetonitrile and methanol from plasma, the analytes were separated on a Hypersil BDS C18 column by gradient elution with acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium acetate. The detection was carried out on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source switched between negative and positive modes. HSYA was monitored in negative ionization mode from 0 to 4.9 min, and ASIV, CAG, calycosin, C-3'-G and C-3'-S were determined in positive ionization mode from 4.9 to 10 min. The lower limits of quantification of the analytes were 6.25 ng/mL for HSYA, 0.781 ng/mL for CAG and 1.56 ng/mL for ASIV and calycosin. The intra- and inter-assay precision (RSD) values were within 13.43%, and accuracy (RE) ranged from -8.75 to 9.92%. The validated method was then applied to the pharmacokinetic study of HSYA, ASIV, CAG, calycosin, C-3'-G and C-3'-S in rat after an oral administration of Huangqi-Honghua extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Medical University of the Air Force, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaohong Ding
- Drug Research and Development Center, Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College, Weihai, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy School, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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18
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Guo Z, Lou Y, Kong M, Luo Q, Liu Z, Wu J. A Systematic Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics on Astragali Radix: Implications for Astragali Radix as a Personalized Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1463. [PMID: 30909474 PMCID: PMC6470777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragali radix (AR) is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Modern pharmacological studies and clinical practices indicate that AR possesses various biological functions, including potent immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antitumor activities. To date, more than 200 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from AR. Among them, isoflavonoids, saponins and polysaccharides are the three main types of beneficial compounds responsible for its pharmacological activities and therapeutic efficacy. After ingestion of AR, the metabolism and biotransformation of the bioactive compounds were extensive in vivo. The isoflavonoids and saponins and their metabolites are the major type of constituents absorbed in plasma. The bioavailability barrier (BB), which is mainly composed of efflux transporters and conjugating enzymes, is expected to have a significant impact on the bioavailability of AR. This review summarizes studies on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics on AR. Additionally, the use of AR as a personalized medicine based on the BB is also discussed, which may provide beneficial information to achieve a better and more accurate therapeutic response of AR in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Guo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yanmei Lou
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Muyan Kong
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Qing Luo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 999078, China.
| | - Jinjun Wu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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19
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Mi N, Cheng T, Li H, Yang P, Mu X, Wang X, Zu X, Qi X, Guo X, Ye J, Zhang W. Metabolite profiling of traditional Chinese medicine formula Dan Zhi Tablet: An integrated strategy based on UPLC-QTOF/MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 164:70-85. [PMID: 30359841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Metabolites derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are becoming active substances of pharmacologically as well as promising sources for discovering new drugs. However, detection and identification of constituents in vivo remains a challenge for TCM, due to massive endogenous interference and low abundance of metabolites in biological matrix. Traditional Chinese medicine formula Dan Zhi Tablet (DZT), a well-established TCM formula developed based on years of clinical experiences, was widely used to treat cerebral infraction disease. In this study, an integrated strategy based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) was adopted to comprehensively identify the prototype and metabolite constituents of DZT. The potential constituents were screened by cross orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Automatic matching analysis was performed on UNIFI platform based on the function of predicting metabolites. Using this strategy, a total of 170 compounds, including 51 prototype constituents and 119 metabolites were unambiguously or tentatively identified in rat plasma. Furthermore, 31 compounds have also been detected in rat cerebrospinal fluid. The metabolism reactions included phase I reactions (hydroxylation, hydrolysis, deglycosylation, hydrogenation, demethylation and dehydroxylation) and phase II reactions (conjugation with glutatione, cysteine, acetylcysteine, glucuronide, sulfate). It is the first systematic metabolic study of DZT in vivo and some metabolites were also reported for the first time, which could provide a scientific basis for explaining the multiple functions of DZT. More importantly, the integrated strategy also shows promising perspectives in the identification of the metabolites in TCM from a complicated biological matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Mi
- Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Taofang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huiliang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peiming Yang
- Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Mu
- Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaopo Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ji Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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20
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Huang J, Chen H, Li C, Liu W, Ma W, Rui W. Screening and Identification of the Metabolites of Water Extracts of Raw and Honey-Processed Astragalus in Rat Urine Based on UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS and Multivariate Statistical Analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:1919-1935. [PMID: 29931491 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Radix Astragali is a famous traditional Chinese medicine and honey-processed Astragalus is a product of Radix Astragali acquired by honey-processing. These two products are widely utilized to treat various diseases. In this study, we screened bioactive components and metabolites of raw and honey-processed Astragalus in rat urine by ultra-performance liquid chromatography equipped with electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis. In total, 62 compounds, including 7 parent compounds and 55 metabolites, were detected and 11 metabolites were characterized for the first time. The identified metabolites indicated that the metabolic reactions of Astragalus in rats included hydroxylation, glucuronidation, deglucosidation, monomethylation, demethylation, sulfation, hydrogenation, and dehydroxylation. The metabolic pathways of raw and honey-processed Astragalus in rat urine also were clarified. Through multivariate statistical analysis of the data of the raw and honey-processed Astragalus groups, we found that 20 compounds were differential components and that 1 metabolite only existed in the honey-processed Astragalus group. The differences in these ingredients between these two groups might provide the basis for interpreting the biologic activity differences in traditional Chinese medicine treatments. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of Immunology & Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chanyi Li
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuping Liu
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Rui
- Central Laboratory, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, 510006, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Zhang WW, Xu F, Wang D, Ye J, Cai SQ. Buyang Huanwu Decoction ameliorates ischemic stroke by modulating multiple targets with multiple components: In vitro evidences. Chin J Nat Med 2018; 16:194-202. [PMID: 29576055 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(18)30047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine prescription which is used to treat ischaemic stroke and stroke-induced disabilities. However, the exact mechanism underlying BYHWD's amelioration of ischaemic stroke and its effective constituents remain unclear. The present study aimed to identify the effective constituents of BYHWD and to further explore its action mechanisms in the amelioration of ischaemic stroke by testing the activities of 15 absorbable chemical constituents of BYHWD with the same methods under the same conditions. The following actions of these 15 compounds were revealed: 1) Ferulic acid, calycosin, formononetin, astrapterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucoside, paeonol, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, astraisoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucoside, ligustrazine, and propyl gallate significantly suppressed concanavalin A (Con A)-induced T lymphocyte proliferation; 2) Propyl gallate, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, paeonol, and ferulic acid markedly inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells; 3) Propyl gallate and formononetin significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO release; 4) Hydroxysafflor yellow A and inosine protected PC12 cells against the injuries caused by glutamate; and 5) Formononetin, astragaloside IV, astraisoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucoside, inosine, paeoniflorin, ononin, paeonol, propyl gallate, ligustrazine, and ferulic acid significantly suppressed the constriction of the thoracic aorta induced by KCl in rats. In conclusion, the results from the present study suggest that BYHWD exerts its ischaemic stroke ameliorating activities by modulating multiple targets with multiple components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Feng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ding Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jia Ye
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Toman J, Ostry V, Grosse Y, Roubal T, Malir F. Occurrence of ochratoxin A in Astragalus propinquus root and its transfer to decoction. Mycotoxin Res 2018; 34:223-227. [PMID: 29696523 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-018-0317-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to conduct a survey assessing (a) the ochratoxin A (OTA) content in different samples of Astragalus propinquus root (AR), one of the fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine, and (b) the rate of OTA transfer to AR decoctions that are traditionally used to reduce general weakness and increase overall vitality. A validated method of high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) was used to determine OTA concentrations in AR samples and AR decoctions. The limit of quantification was 0.35 ng/g; the recovery of the HPLC method for AR samples was 82%; and the relative standard deviation (SD) of repeatability was 2.6%. All 40 tested AR samples were positive, with a mean value of 451.0 ng/g (range, 28.8-1700.0 ng/g). The transfer rate of OTA to decoctions, from a naturally contaminated and homogenized AR sample (internal reference material) with a concentration of OTA of 288.9 ng/g ± 12.3 (SD), was 83.4% ± 8.5 (SD). We believe it is necessary to continue OTA monitoring in AR and other herbal products, estimate the actual human usual intake, and perform health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Toman
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Vladimir Ostry
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Center for Health, Nutrition and Food, National Institute of Public Health in Prague, Palackeho 3a, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yann Grosse
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372, Lyon Cedex, France
| | - Tomas Roubal
- Institute of Public Health in Usti nad Labem, Regional Branch Hradec Kralove, Nezvalova 958, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Malir
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Zhang J, Xu W, Wang P, Huang J, Bai JQ, Huang ZH, Liu XS, Qiu XH. Chemical Analysis and Multi-Component Determination in Chinese Medicine Preparation Bupi Yishen Formula Using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography With Linear Ion Trap-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry and Triple-Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:568. [PMID: 29937729 PMCID: PMC6002530 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bupi Yishen Formula (BYF), a Chinese medicine preparation, has been clinically applied for the recovery of chronic kidney disease and for delaying its progress. Nevertheless, the chemical components in BYF have yet to be fully clarified. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MSn) and triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TQ-MS/MS) methods were developed for qualitative chemical profiling and multi-components quantitative analysis in BYF. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Phenomenex Kinetex C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm i.d., 1.7 μm) using gradient elution of water (A) and acetonitrile (B) both containing 0.1% formic acid. Eighty-six compounds, including flavones, saponins, phenolic acids, and other compounds were authenticated or temporarily deduced according to their retention behaviors, mass mensuration, and characteristic fragment ions with those elucidated reference substances or literatures. Among the herbal medicinal materials of the formula, Astragali Radix, Codonopsis Radix, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Rhizoma, and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata contributed to the bulk of the dissolved metabolites of the formula extraction. In addition, seven analytes were simultaneously determined by UHPLC-TQ-MS/MS, which was validated and has managed to determine major components in BYF. The study indicated that the established qualitative and quantitative methods would be potent and dependable analytical tools for characterizing multi-constituent in complex prescriptions decoction and provided a basis for the evaluation of bioactive components in BYF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Qi Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hai Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Tang D, Shen YB, Wang ZH, He B, Xu YH, Nie H, Zhu Q. Rapid Analysis and Guided Isolation of Astragalus Isoflavonoids by UHPLC-DAD-MS n and Their Cellular Antioxidant Defense on High-Glucose-Induced Mesangial Cell Dysfunction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1105-1113. [PMID: 29091441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavonoids, including isoflavones, isoflavans, and pterocarpans, the principal components in Astragalus membranaceus, have a great deal of versatile health-promoting benefits. In this work, as a continuation of our search for bioactive constituents from A. membranaceus, a fast high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-multiple-stage mass spectrometry method was first used to analyze the isoflavonoid profile of A. membranaceus roots extract. Twelve diverse isoflavonoids in subclasses of isoflavones, isoflavans, and pterocarpans present in glycoside/aglycone pair forms were tentatively characterized; of those 12, eight major isoflavonoids were finally isolated and simultaneously quantified by the established fast UHPLC method. Furthermore, the results confirmed for the first time that Astragalus isoflavonoid aglycones could attenuate mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation triggered by high glucose levels, and the primary mechanism might be via protecting intracellular antioxidant enzymes activities and enhancing endogenous antioxidant function to lower levels of cellular oxidative damage induced by high glucose levels. Collectively, diverse Astragalus isoflavonoid antioxidants have the potential to ameliorate high-glucose-induced mesangial cell dysfunction through the regulation of cellular antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Bin Shen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hua Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Bao He
- Institute of Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group , Guangzhou 510530, P. R. China
| | - You-Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau, P. R. China
| | - Hong Nie
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632, P. R. China
| | - Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology , Macau, P. R. China
- Institute of Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group , Guangzhou 510530, P. R. China
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25
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Yu J, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Fan G, Zhu Y. A critical courier role of volatile oils from Dalbergia odorifera for cardiac protection in vivo by QiShenYiQi. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7353. [PMID: 28779167 PMCID: PMC5544742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Component-based Chinese medicine (CCM) is derived from traditional Chinese medicine but produced with modern pharmaceutical standard and clearer clinical indications. However, it still faces challenges of defining individual component contribution in the complex formula. Using QiShenYiQi (QSYQ) as a model CCM, we investigated the role of Dalbergia odorifera (DO), an herbal component, in preventing myocardial damage. We showed that in vitro, QSYQ exerted considerable protective activities on cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction with or without DO. However, in isolated rat hearts, myocardial protection by QSYQ was significantly weakened without DO. In everted gut sac model, DO significantly enhanced absorption of the major QSYQ ingredients in different regions of rat intestine. Finally, in in vivo mouse model of doxorubicin (DOX)-induced myocardial damage, only QSYQ, but not QiShenYiQi without DO (QSYQ-DO), exerted a full protection. Taken together, our results showed that instead of directly contributing to the myocardial protection, Dalbergia odorifera facilitates the major active ingredients absorption and increases their efficacy, eventually enhancing the in vivo potency of QSYQ. These findings may shed new lights on our understanding of the prescription compatibility theory, as well as the impacts of “courier herbs” in component-based Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of CM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Core Technology in Innovative Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Boli Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. .,First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China. .,Research and Development Center of CM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology & Medicine, Tianjin, China.
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26
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Astragalus polysaccharides attenuate PCV2 infection by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in vivo and in vitro. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40440. [PMID: 28071725 PMCID: PMC5223157 DOI: 10.1038/srep40440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections and its mechanism in vivo and vitro. First, fifty 2-week-old mice were randomly divided into five groups: a group without PCV2 infection and groups with PCV2 infections at 0, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg APS treatments. The trial lasted for 28 days. The results showed that APS treatments at 200 and 400 mg/kg reduced the pathological injury of tissues, inhibited PCV2 infection and decreased glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and GADD153/CHOP gene mRNA and protein expression significantly (P < 0.05). Second, a study on endoplasmic reticulum stress mechanism was carried out in PK15 cells. APS treatments at 15 and 45 μg/mL significantly reduced PCV2 infection and GRP78 mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.05). Tunicamycin supplementation increased GRP78 mRNA and protein expression and significantly attenuated the APS-induced inhibition of PCV2 infection (P < 0.05). Tauroursodeoxycholic acid supplementation decreased GRP78 mRNA and protein expression and significantly inhibited PCV2 infection (P < 0.05). In addition, fifty 2-week-old mice were randomly divided into five groups: Con, PCV2, APS + PCV2, TM + PCV2 and TM + APS + PCV2. The results were similar to those in PK15 cells. Taken together, it could be concluded that APS suppresses PCV2 infection by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Seong SH, Roy A, Jung HA, Jung HJ, Choi JS. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Pueraria lobata root and its constituents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:706-716. [PMID: 27769948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pueraria lobata root was used to treat wasting-thirst regarded as diabetes mellitus and was included in the composition of Okcheonsan, which is prescribed for thirst-waste in traditional Chinese medicine. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of the root of Pueraria lobata and its constituents via protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, anti-diabetic activities of the 70% ethanolic (EtOH) extract from P. lobata roots and its solvent soluble fractions with the isolated compounds were investigated by evaluating in vitro PTP1B and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. We also examined the potentials of active compounds as PTP1B and α-glucosidase inhibitors via enzyme kinetics and in silico molecular docking simulation between the enzymes and active compounds. RESULTS Triterpenoids lupeol and lupenone were potent PTP1B inhibitors with IC50 values of 38.89±0.17 and 15.11±1.23μM. Kinetic study using the Lineweaver-Burk and Dixon plots demonstrated that these compounds showed a noncompetitive-type inhibition against PTP1B with respective Ki values of 13.88μM and 21.24μM. In addition, molecular docking simulation showed lupeol and lupenone has negative binding energy values of -8.03 and -8.56kcal/mol. Considering the α-glucosidase inhibitory potential, daidzein, genistein, and calycosin exhibited the most potent α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values of 8.58±0.94, 2.37±0.52 and 6.84±1.58μM, respectively. Kinetic study demonstrated that these 3 compounds showed a noncompetitive-type inhibition against α-glucosidase with respective Ki values of 17.64μM, 5.03μM and 13.83μM. Moreover, molecular docking simulation showed daidzein, genistein and calycosin has more lower binding energy (-7.16kcal/mol, -7.42kcal/mol and -7.31kcal/mol) with higher binding affinity and tight binding capacity in the molecular docking studies than standard ligand α-D-glucose (-6.74kcal/mol). CONCLUSION Our results of the present study clearly demonstrate the potential of P. lobata extract and its constituents to inhibit PTP1B and α-glucosidase, contributing to the development of therapeutic or preventive agents that can be used in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Anupom Roy
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
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Gong AGW, Lau KM, Xu ML, Lin HQ, Dong TTX, Zheng KYZ, Zhao KJ, Tsim KWK. The estrogenic properties of Danggui Buxue Tang, a Chinese herbal decoction, are triggered predominantly by calycosin in MCF-7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 189:81-89. [PMID: 27196297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT), a Chinese herbal decoction containing Astragali Radix (AR; roots of Astragalus memebranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge) Hsiao) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR; roots of Angelica sinensis Oliv.) at a weight ratio of 5:1, is used to improve menopausal syndromes in women. Several lines of evidence indicate that DBT has strong estrogenic property; however, the action mechanism of this herbal decoction is not known. Calycosin, a major flavonoid in AR, shares similar structure with β-estradiol, and thus which is hypothesized to be the key compound of DBT in responsible for such estrogenic properties. AIMS We aimed to determine the role of calycosin in DBT in terms of its estrogenic functions by the creation of calycosin-depleted DBT (DBTΔcal) and calycosin-added DBT (DBT+cal) herbal extracts. METHODS The signalings triggered by DBT∆cal, DBT+cal, and parental DBT were compared in cultured MCF-7 cells by determining: (i) the activation of estrogen responsive element; (ii) the phosphorylation of estrogen receptor α (ERα); and (iii) the phosphorylation of Erk1/2. The DBT-induced responses were in dose- and/or time-dependent manners. RESULTS The estrogenic signals triggered by DBT were markedly reduced in DBTΔcal, and in contrast the addition of calycosin in DBT, i.e. DBT+cal, enhanced the responses by 2-5 folds; however, calycosin alone did not show such properties. In parallel, the DBT-induced responses could be significantly blocked by inhibitors for estrogen receptor and mitogen activated protein kinases. CONCLUSION Thus, we hypothesize that calycosin is an indispensable chemical in DBT, and which plays a linker in orchestrating multi-components of DBT as to achieve the maximal estrogenic functions. These discoveries should be invaluable in drug development and in investigating the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine from a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy G W Gong
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kei M Lau
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda L Xu
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huang Q Lin
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ken Y Z Zheng
- Department of Biology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, Guangdong 521041, China
| | - K J Zhao
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yongan Road, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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Kim KH, Park JY, Lee IS, Lim KJ, Jung WS, Jang HJ. Isolated protein of Astragalus membranaceus acts as an allergen by binding human immunoglobulin E on human sera. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-016-0301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Wang G, Li Z, Li H, Li L, Li J, Yu C. Metabolic Profile Changes of CCl₄-Liver Fibrosis and Inhibitory Effects of Jiaqi Ganxian Granule. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21060698. [PMID: 27248993 PMCID: PMC6273034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Jiaqi Ganxian Granule (JGG) is a famous traditional Chinese medicine, which has been long used in clinical practice for treating liver fibrosis. However, the mechanism underlying its anti-hepatic fibrosis is still not clear. In this study, an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS)-based metabolomics strategy was used to profile the metabolic characteristic of serum obtained from a carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis model in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with JGG treatment. Through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), it was shown that metabolic perturbations induced by CCl4 were inhibited after treatment of JGG, for 17 different metabolites related to CCl4. Among these compounds, the change tendency of eight potential drug targets was restored after the intervention with JGG. The current study indicates that JGG has a significant anti-fibrosis effect on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats, which might be by regulating the dysfunction of sphingolipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, N-acylethanolamine biosynthesis, fat digestion and absorption, while glycerophospholipid metabolism played vital roles in the inhibitory effects of JGG on hepatic fibrosis according to Metabolic Pathway Analysis (MetPA). Our findings indicated that the metabolomics approach may provide a useful tool for exploring potential biomarkers involved in hepatic fibrosis and elucidate the mechanisms underlying the action of therapies used in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zehao Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Hao Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Lidan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Jian Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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31
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Zhang G, Ou R, Li F, Wu J, Zheng L, Tong Y, Liu Y, Liu Z, Lu L. Regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters by Astragali radix decoction and its main bioactive compounds: Implication for clinical drug-drug interactions. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 180:104-113. [PMID: 26805467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragali radix ("Huang Qi" in Chinese, HQ) is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine that possesses various biological functions. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), calycosin (CS), and formononetin (FMNT) are the three main bioactive compounds of HQ that are responsible for its pharmacological activities and therapeutic efficacy. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to investigate the effects of HQ, AS-IV, CS, and FMNT on major human drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), including CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2E1, UGT1A, UGT1A6, SULT1A1, and SULT1A3, as well as efflux transporters (ETs), including P-gp, MRP2, BCRP, MRP1, and MRP3, by using HepG2 cell line. Results would provide beneficial information for the proper clinical application of HQ. MATERIALS AND METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with HQ, AS-IV, CS, and FMNT for 96h. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay. The protein and mRNA levels of DMEs and ETs were measured using Western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS Compared with the control group, HQ considerably increased the expression levels of CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2E1, UGT1A, P-gp, MRP2, BCRP, and MRP3 in a dose-dependent manner. Inversely, HQ significantly decreased the protein levels of UGT1A6, SULT1A1, and MRP1. Exposure to AS-IV induced the protein levels of UGT1A, P-gp, MRP1, and MRP3, but produced inhibitory effects on CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and BCRP. The expression levels of CYP3A4, UGT1A, SULT1A1, P-gp, MRP2, and MRP3 were remarkably increased in the CS-treated cells, whereas the protein levels of SULT1A3 and BCRP were decreased. FMNT treatment induced the protein levels towards CYP3A4, CYP2B6, UGT1A, P-gp, MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3, but inhibited the expression of CYP2E1, SULT1A1, and SULT1A3. CONCLUSIONS HQ and its main bioactive compounds, including AS-IV, CS, and FMNT significantly regulated the expression of the major DMEs and ETs. HQ produced stronger regulations (induction or inhibition) on DMEs and ETs than AS-IV, CS, or FMNT alone. The results indicate that potential drug-drug interactions might exist when the tested drugs, specifically HQ, are co-administered with other substrate drugs that are metabolized or transported via the studied DMEs or ETs. This study provides beneficial information for appropriate use of HQ for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyu Zhang
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Rilan Ou
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Jinjun Wu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yunli Tong
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Linlin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Intraspecific and heteroplasmic variations, gene losses and inversions in the chloroplast genome of Astragalus membranaceus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21669. [PMID: 26899134 PMCID: PMC4761949 DOI: 10.1038/srep21669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus membranaceus is an important medicinal plant in Asia. Several of its varieties have been used interchangeably as raw materials for commercial production. High resolution genetic markers are in urgent need to distinguish these varieties. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the chloroplast genome of A. membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge var. mongholicus (Bunge) P.K. Hsiao using the next generation DNA sequencing technology. The genome was assembled using Abyss and then subjected to gene prediction using CPGAVAS and repeat analysis using MISA, Tandem Repeats Finder, and REPuter. Finally, the genome was subjected phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses. The complete genome is 123,582 bp long, containing only one copy of the inverted repeat. Gene prediction revealed 110 genes encoding 76 proteins, 30 tRNAs, and four rRNAs. Five intra-specific hypermutation loci were identified, three of which are heteroplasmic. Furthermore, three gene losses and two large inversions were identified. Comparative genomic analyses demonstrated the dynamic nature of the Papilionoideae chloroplast genomes, which showed occurrence of numerous hypermutation loci, frequent gene losses, and fragment inversions. Results obtained herein elucidate the complex evolutionary history of chloroplast genomes and have laid the foundation for the identification of genetic markers to distinguish A. membranaceus varieties.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the anticancer effects of Radix astragali (RA), one of the most commonly used herbs to manage cancer in East Asia, and its constituents and to provide evidence of clinical usage through previously performed clinical studies. METHODS Preclinical and clinical studies related to the anticancer effects of RA were searched from inception to November 2013 in electronic databases. Two reviewers independently investigated 92 eligible studies, extracted all the data of studies and appraised methodological quality of clinical trials. The studies were categorized into in vitro and in vivo experimental studies and clinical studies, and analyzed by saponins, polysaccharides, and flavonoids of RA constituents, RA fraction, and whole extract. RESULTS In preclinical studies, RA was reported to have tumor growth inhibitory effects, immunomodulatory effects, and attenuating adverse effects by cytotoxic agents as well as chemopreventive effects. Saponins seemed to be the main constituents, which directly contributed to suppression of tumor growth through the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway, modulation of intracellular signaling pathway, and inhibition of invasion and angiogenesis. Flavonoids suppressed tumor growth through the similar mechanisms with saponins. Polysaccharides showed immunomodulatory effects, contributing tumor shrinkages in animal models, despite the low cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Most of the clinical studies were performed with low evidence level of study designs because of various limitations. RA whole extracts and polysaccharides of RA were reported to improve the quality of life and ameliorate myelosuppression and other adverse events induced by cytotoxic therapies. CONCLUSION The polysaccharides, saponins, and flavonoids of RA, and the whole extract of RA have been widely reported with their anticancer effects in preclinical studies and showed a potential application as a adjunctive cancer therapeutics with the activities of immunomodulation, anti-proliferation and attenuation of adverse effects induced by cytotoxic therapy.
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Shi J, Zheng L, Lin Z, Hou C, Liu W, Yan T, Zhu L, Wang Y, Lu L, Liu Z. Study of pharmacokinetic profiles and characteristics of active components and their metabolites in rat plasma following oral administration of the water extract of Astragali radix using UPLC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:183-194. [PMID: 25917840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Astragali radix is one of the well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and possesses various biological functions, such as hepatoprotective and anticancer. In present study, to investigate the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of the major constituents of A. radix, a sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method with shorter chromatographic running time was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of formononetin, ononin, calycosin, calycosin-7-β-glucoside, astragaloside IV and their glucuronide metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of water extract of A. radix at two different doses. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 column with gradient elution by using a mixture of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3mL/min. A tandem mass spectrometric detection was conducted using multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) via electrospray ionization (ESI) source in positive ionization mode. Samples were pre-treated by a single-step protein precipitation with methanol, and erlotinib was used as internal standard (IS). RESULTS The current UPLC-MS/MS assay was validated for linearity, intra-day and inter-day precisions, accuracy, extraction recovery, matrix effects and stability. The lowest limit of quantifications (LLOQ) were 1ng/mL for all analytes. After oral administration, the plasma concentrations of the glucuronides, especially calycosin-3'-glucuronide, were much higher than the parent compounds. The mean half-life (t1/2) was between 1 and 5h, and the metabolites were eliminated faster than the parent constituents. The median (range) time to reach maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) was between 0.5 and 1h. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study of the pharmacokinetic study of bioactive compounds and their glucuronides in male rat plasma after oral administration of water extract of A. radix. The results demonstrated the biotransformation between the bioactive isoflavonoids and their glucuronides was extensive in rats and provided a significant basis for better understanding the absorption and metabolism mechanism of A. radix. Furthermore, this study could suggest that future studies should focus on the metabolites and biotransformation between the bioactive constituents when conducting a drug efficacy study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Liang Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhufen Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Chuqi Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Wenqin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Tongmeng Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lijun Zhu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Linlin Lu
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China; International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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Ruan JQ, Li S, Li YP, Wu WJ, Lee SMY, Yan R. The Presystemic Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Orally Administered Calycosin-7-O-β-d-Glucoside. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1601-11. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Yue R, Li X, Chen B, Zhao J, He W, Yuan H, Yuan X, Gao N, Wu G, Jin H, Shan L, Zhang W. Astragaloside IV Attenuates Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells through Raf-MEK-ERK Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126603. [PMID: 25961569 PMCID: PMC4427284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AGS-IV) is a main active ingredient of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge, a medicinal herb prescribed as an immunostimulant, hepatoprotective, antiperspirant, a diuretic or a tonic as documented in Chinese Materia Medica. In the present study, we employed a high-throughput comparative proteomic approach based on 2D-nano-LC-MS/MS to investigate the possible mechanism of action involved in the neuroprotective effect of AGS-IV against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Differential proteins were identified, among which 13 proteins survived the stringent filter criteria and were further included for functional discussion. Two proteins (vimentin and Gap43) were randomly selected, and their expression levels were further confirmed by western blots analysis. The results matched well with those of proteomics. Furthermore, network analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPI) and pathways enrichment with AGS-IV associated proteins were carried out to illustrate its underlying molecular mechanism. Proteins associated with signal transduction, immune system, signaling molecules and interaction, and energy metabolism play important roles in neuroprotective effect of AGS-IV and Raf-MEK-ERK pathway was involved in the neuroprotective effect of AGS-IV against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. This study demonstrates that comparative proteomics based on shotgun approach is a valuable tool for molecular mechanism studies, since it allows the simultaneously evaluate the global proteins alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongcai Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingyang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Mathematics, Logistical Engineering University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei He
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guozhen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WZ); (LS)
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (WZ); (LS)
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Zhao H, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Shi S. Identification of major α-glucosidase inhibitors in Radix Astragali and its human microsomal metabolites using ultrafiltration HPLC–DAD–MSn. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 104:31-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Li X, Dong X, Shuai M, Liang Y. Simultaneous separation and purification of calycosin and formononetin from crude extract of Astragalus membranaceus Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) using high-speed counter-current chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhang J, Xu XJ, Xu W, Huang J, Zhu DY, Qiu XH. Rapid Characterization and Identification of Flavonoids in Radix Astragali by Ultra-High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Linear Ion Trap-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:945-52. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Zhang HW, Lin ZX, Xu C, Leung C, Chan LS. Astragalus (a traditional Chinese medicine) for treating chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD008369. [PMID: 25335553 PMCID: PMC10589061 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd008369.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astragalus (Radix Astragali, huang qi) is the dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao or Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (Family Leguminosae). It is one of the most widely used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine for treating kidney diseases. Evidence is needed to help clinicians and patients make judgments about its use for managing chronic kidney disease (CKD). OBJECTIVES This review evaluated the benefits and potential harms of Astragalus for the treatment of people with CKD. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Renal Group's Specialised Register to 10 July 2014 through contact with the Trials' Search Co-ordinator using search terms relevant to this review. We also searched CINAHL, AMED, Current Controlled Trials, OpenSIGLE, and Chinese databases including CBM, CMCC, TCMLARS, Chinese Dissertation Database, CMAC and Index to Chinese Periodical Literature. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs comparing Astragalus, used alone as a crude herb or an extract, with placebo, no treatment, or conventional interventions were eligible for inclusion. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias in the included studies. Meta-analyses were performed using relative risk (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences (MD) for continuous outcomes, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS We included 22 studies that involved 1323 participants, of whom 241 were receiving dialysis treatment. Risk of bias was assessed as high in six studies, and unclear in the remaining 16 studies. Study quality was low overall.Our nominated primary outcomes of time to requirement for renal replacement therapy (RRT) or initiation of dialysis and all-cause mortality were not reported in any of the included studies.Results concerning the effects of Astragalus on kidney function were inconsistent. Astragalus significantly increased CrCl at end of treatment (4 studies, 306 participants: MD 5.75 mL/min, 95% CI 3.16 to 8.34; I² = 0%), decreased SCr (13 studies, 775 participants: MD -21.39 µmol/L, 95% CI -34.78 to -8; I² = 70%) and especially in those whose baseline SCr was < 133 µmol/L in particular (3 studies, 187 participants: MD -2.52 µmol/l, 95% CI -8.47 to 3.42; I² = 0%). Astragalus significantly decreased 24 hour proteinuria at end of treatment (10 studies, 640 participants; MD -0.53 g/24 h, 95% CI -0.79 to -0.26; I² = 90%); significantly increased haemoglobin levels overall (4 studies, 222 participants): MD 9.51 g/L, 95% CI 4.90 to 14.11; I² = 0%) and in haemodialysis patients in particular (3 studies, 142 participants: MD 11.20 g/L, 95% CI 5.81 to 16.59; I² = 0%). Astragalus significantly increased serum albumin (9 studies, 522 participants: MD 3.55 g/L, 95% CI 2.33 to 4.78; I² = 65%). This significant increase was seen in both dialysis (3 studies, 152 participants): MD 4.04 g/L, 95% CI 1.91 to 6.16; I² = 72%) and non-dialysis patients (6 studies, 370 participants: MD 3.24 g/L, 95% CI 1.70 to 4.77; I² = 61%). Astragalus significantly decreased systolic blood pressure (2 studies, 77 participants: MD -16.65 mm Hg, 95% CI -28.83 to -4.47; I² = 50%), and diastolic blood pressure (2 studies, 77 participants: MD -6.02 mm Hg, 95% CI -10.59 to -1.46; I² = 0%).Six of 22 included studies reported no adverse effects were observed; while the remaining 16 studies did not report adverse effects. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Although Astragalus as an adjunctive treatment to conventional therapies was found to offer some promising effects in reducing proteinuria and increasing haemoglobin and serum albumin, suboptimal methodological quality and poor reporting meant that definitive conclusions could not be made based on available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wei Zhang
- The Chinese University of Hong KongSchool of Chinese MedicineShatin, N.T., Hong KongChina
| | - Zhi Xiu Lin
- The Chinese University of Hong KongSchool of Chinese MedicineShatin, N.T., Hong KongChina
| | - Chuanshan Xu
- The Chinese University of Hong KongSchool of Chinese MedicineShatin, N.T., Hong KongChina
| | - Connie Leung
- Yan Oi TongMedical Services Department7/F Yan Oi Tong Jockey Club Community and Sports Centre18 Kai Man Path, Tuen MunHong KongChina
| | - Lai Sum Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong KongSchool of Chinese MedicineShatin, N.T., Hong KongChina
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Regioselective glucuronidation of the isoflavone calycosin by human liver microsomes and recombinant human UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 220:231-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Fu J, Wang Z, Huang L, Zheng S, Wang D, Chen S, Zhang H, Yang S. Review of the Botanical Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology ofAstragalus membranaceus(Huangqi). Phytother Res 2014; 28:1275-83. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100193 China
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine; Jinlin Agricultural University; Changchun 130118 China
| | - Zenghui Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Linfang Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Sihao Zheng
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; Beijing 100193 China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine; Jinlin Agricultural University; Changchun 130118 China
| | - Shihai Yang
- College of Chinese Herbal Medicine; Jinlin Agricultural University; Changchun 130118 China
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Comparison of two approaches of intestinal absorption by puerarin. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2014; 70:6-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.03.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Chemical profile analysis and comparison of two versions of the classic TCM formula Danggui Buxue Tang by HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn. Molecules 2014; 19:5650-73. [PMID: 24786849 PMCID: PMC6270708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19055650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula primarily used to treat symptoms associated with menopause in women. Usually, DBT is composed of one portion of Radix Angelicae Sinensis (RAS) and five portions of Radix Astragali (RA). Clinically, Radix Hedysari (RH) is sometimes used by TCM physicians to replace RA in DBT. In order to verity whether the chemical constituents of the DBT1 (RA:RAS = 5:1, w/w) and DBT2 (RH:RAS = 5:1, w/w) share similarities the chemical profiles of the two DBTs crude extracts and urine samples were analyzed and compared with the aid of HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn, which determines the total ion chromatogram (TIC) and multi-stage mass spectra (MSn). Then, the DBT1 and DBT2 were identified and compared on the basis of the TIC and the MSn. In the first experiment (with crude extracts), 69 compounds (C1–C69) were identified from the DBT1; 46 compounds (c1–c46) were identified from the DBT2. In the second experiment(with urine samples), 44 compounds (M1–M44) were identified from the urine samples of rats that had been administered DBT1, and 34 compounds (m1–m34) were identified from the urine samples of rats that had been administered DBT2. Identification and comparison of the chemical compositions were carried out between the DBT1 and DBT2 of the crude extracts and urine samples respectively. Our results showed that the two crude extracts of the DBTs have quite different chemical profiles. The reasons for their differences were that the special astragalosides in DBT1 and the isoflavonoid glycosides formed the malonic acid esters undergo single esterification and acetyl esters undergo acetylation in DBT1. In contrast, the urine from DBT1-treated rats strongly resembled that of DBT2-treated rats. These metabolites originate mainly from formononetin, calycosin and their related glycosides, and they were formed mainly by the metabolic process of reduction, deglycosylation, demethylation, hydrogenation and sulfation. The HPLC-DAD-ESI-IT-TOF-MSn method was successfully applied for the rapid chemical profiles evaluation of two DBTs and their related urine samples.
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Hydrolysis of Glycosidic Flavonoids during the Preparation of Danggui Buxue Tang: An Outcome of Moderate Boiling of Chinese Herbal Mixture. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:608721. [PMID: 24744813 PMCID: PMC3976805 DOI: 10.1155/2014/608721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical change during boiling of herbal mixture is a puzzle. By using Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT), a herbal decoction that contains Astragali Radix (AR) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR), we developed a model in analyzing the hydrolysis of flavonoid glycosides during the boiling of herbal mixture in water. A proper preparation of DBT is of great benefit to the complete extraction of bioactive ingredients. Boiling of DBT in water increased the solubility of AR-derived astragaloside IV, calycosin, formononetin, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, and ononin in a time- and temperature-dependent manner: the amounts of these chemicals reached a peak at 2 h. The glycosidic resides of AR, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, and ononin could be hydrolyzed during the moderate boiling process to form calycosin and formononetin, respectively. The hydrolysis efficiency was strongly affected by pH, temperature, and amount of herbs. Interestingly, the preheated herbs were not able to show this hydrolytic activity. The current results supported the rationality of ancient preparation of DBT in boiling water by moderate heat.
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Zhang ZY, Wu B, Tang YH, Li ZX, Sun ZL, Chen LY, Ji YB, Ma CH, Huang CG. Characterization of major flavonoids, triterpenoid, dipeptide and their metabolites in rat urine after oral administration of Radix Astragali decoction. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934813080145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Olennikov DN, Chirikova NK. Phenolic Compounds and Cinnamamide from Scutellaria scordiifolia. Chem Nat Compd 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-013-0528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Li T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liang R, Zhang D, Zhang H, Chen L, Yang W. Development of an SPE-HPLC-MS method for simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of bioactive constituents of Yu Ping Feng San in rat plasma after oral administration. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:784-792. [PMID: 23261488 PMCID: PMC7126458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yu Ping Feng San (YPFS, in Chinese: Jade Windscreen Powder), a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used to cure the diseases of respiratory systems and immune systems. AIM OF THE STUDY A selective and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry method (HPLC-MS) was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of cycloastragenol, formononetin, calycosin, 4'-O-β-glucopyranosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol (GMV) and cimifugin in rat plasma after oral administration of Yu Ping Feng San decoction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma samples were extracted via solid-phase extraction (SPE), separated on a Zorbax SB-C18 column, detected by single quadruple mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionization interface, and quantified using selected ion monitoring mode. The current SPE-HPLC-MS assay was validated for linearity, intra-day and inter-day precisions, accuracy, extraction recovery and stability. The method was applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study after administration of Yu Ping Feng San to rats at different doses (10, 20 and 40g/kg). RESULTS The calibration curves were linear over the ranges 0.50-50ng/mL and 17.36-1736ng/mL. Intra- and inter-day precisions (relative standard deviations) were from 0.45% to 10.95%, and accuracy (relative recovery) from 95% to 115%. The extraction recoveries were greater than 88.42% for all analytes. Dose-dependence was shown for some constituents in the drug concentration-time profiles. Among all the active ingredients detected, cimifugin had the highest blood concentration (881-1510ng/mL), and cycloastragenol had the longest retention time in the rat body (15.06-20.44h). CONCLUSION This analytical method is a selective, sensitive, precise, accurate, and reliable assay for simultaneous determination of cycloastragenol, calycosin, formononetin, GMV, and cimifugin in rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Weipeng Yang
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 10 64046469; fax: +86 10 64013996.
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Liu JY, Lee KF, Sze CW, Tong Y, Tang SCW, Ng TB, Zhang YB. Intestinal absorption and bioavailability of traditional Chinese medicines: a review of recent experimental progress and implication for quality control. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 65:621-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Experimental studies on the pharmacokinetics of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have achieved great progress in recent years. This review aims to summarize the progress made on intestinal absorption and bioavailability of TCMs, and proposes the application of intestinal absorption assays as new tools for the quality and safety control of these medicines.
Key findings
Since only the absorbed constituents may produce possible therapeutic effect (except those that directly target the digestive tract), intestinal absorption is of utmost importance for the drug action of TCMs, which are usually taken orally. Meanwhile, complicated drug interactions may occur among the multiple ingredients in a herbal mixture. In this regard, the intestinal permeability assays not only provide useful pharmacokinetic data of TCMs, but have potential applications for quality and safety control. Moreover, knockout animals, 2/4/A1 in-vitro cell model and physiologically-based in-silico models based on the online TCM database can be quite useful for the prediction of absorption and bioavailability of TCMs.
Summary
A variety of in-vivo, in-vitro, in-situ and in-silico models for predicting the intestinal absorption and bioavailability can be applied to study the herbal interactions and screen appropriate biomarkers for the quality and safety control of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yi Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cho-Wing Sze
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Tong
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sydney Chi-Wai Tang
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi-Bun Ng
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Profiling and identification of the metabolites of calycosin in rat hepatic 9000×g supernatant incubation system and the metabolites of calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside in rat urine by HPLC–DAD–ESI-IT-TOF-MSn technique. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 70:425-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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