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Vaidhya A, Ghildiyal K, Rajawat D, Nayak SS, Parida S, Panigrahi M. Relevance of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics in veterinary clinical practice: A review. Anim Genet 2024; 55:3-19. [PMID: 37990577 DOI: 10.1111/age.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies have heralded the arrival of the Big Data era. As a result, the use of pharmacogenetics in drug discovery and individualized drug therapy has transformed the field of precision medicine. This paradigm shift in drug development programs has effectively reshaped the old drug development practices, which were primarily concerned with the physiological status of patients for drug development. Pharmacogenomics bridges the gap between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, advancing current diagnostic and treatment strategies and enabling personalized and targeted drug therapy. The primary goals of pharmacogenetic studies are to improve drug efficacy and minimize toxicities, to identify novel drug targets, to estimate drug dosage for personalized medicine, and to incorporate it as a routine diagnostic for disease susceptibility. Although pharmacogenetics has numerous applications in individualized drug therapy and drug development, it is in its infancy in veterinary medicine. The objective of this review is to present an overview of historical landmarks, current developments in various animal species, challenges and future perspectives of genomics in drug development and dosage optimization for individualized medicine in veterinary subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Vaidhya
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Kanika Ghildiyal
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Divya Rajawat
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Sonali Sonejita Nayak
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Subhashree Parida
- Division of Pharmacology & Toxicology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Manjit Panigrahi
- Division of Animal Genetics, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
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Mealey KL, Owens JG, Freeman E. Canine and feline P-glycoprotein deficiency: What we know and where we need to go. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2023; 46:1-16. [PMID: 36326478 PMCID: PMC10092536 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In 2001 the molecular genetic basis of so-called "ivermectin sensitivity" in herding breed dogs was determined to be a P-glycoprotein deficiency caused by a genetic variant of the MDR1 (ABCB1) gene often called "the MDR1 mutation." We have learned a great deal about P-glycoprotein's role in drug disposition since that discovery, namely that P-glycoprotein transports many more drugs than just macrocyclic lactones that P-glycoprotein mediated drug transport is present in more places than just the blood brain barrier, that some cats have a genetic variant of MDR1 that results in P-glycoprotein deficiency, that P-glycoprotein dysfunction can occur as a result of drug-drug interactions in any dog or cat, and that the concept of P-glycoprotein "inhibitors" versus P-glycoprotein substrates is somewhat arbitrary and artificial. This paper will review these discoveries and discuss how they impact drug selection and dosing in dogs and cats with genetically mediated P-glycoprotein deficiency or P-glycoprotein dysfunction resulting from drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L Mealey
- Program in Individualized Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Weng HJ, Tsai TF. ABCB1 in dermatology: roles in skin diseases and their treatment. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 99:1527-1538. [PMID: 34370042 PMCID: PMC8350552 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1), also known as permeability glycoprotein, multidrug-resistant protein 1, or cluster of differentiation 243 (CD243), is a crucial protein for purging foreign substances from cells. The functions of ABCB1 have been investigated extensively for their roles in cancer, stem cells, and drug resistance. Abundant pharmacogenetic studies have been conducted on ABCB1 and its association with treatment responsiveness to various agents, particularly chemotherapeutic and immunomodulatory agents. However, its functions in the skin and implications on dermatotherapeutics are far less reported. In this article, we reviewed the roles of ABCB1 in dermatology. ABCB1 is expressed in the skin and its appendages during drug delivery and transport. It is associated with treatment responsiveness to various agents, including topical steroids, methotrexate, cyclosporine, azathioprine, antihistamines, antifungal agents, colchicine, tacrolimus, ivermectin, tetracycline, retinoid acids, and biologic agents. Moreover, genetic variation in ABCB1 is associated with the pathogenesis of several dermatoses, including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, melanoma, bullous pemphigoid, Behçet disease, and lichen planus. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the roles of ABCB1 in dermatology and the possibility of enhancing therapeutic efficacy through ABCB1 manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Weng
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan ,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan S Rd, Taipei, 10048 Taiwan
| | - T. F. Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung Shan S Rd, Taipei, 10048 Taiwan
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Virkel G, Ballent M, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Role of ABC Transporters in Veterinary Medicine: Pharmaco- Toxicological Implications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1251-1269. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180201094730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Unlike physicians, veterinary practitioners must deal with a number of animal species with crucial differences in anatomy, physiology and metabolism. Accordingly, the pharmacokinetic behaviour, the clinical efficacy and the adverse or toxic effects of drugs may differ across domestic animals. Moreover, the use of drugs in food-producing species may impose a risk for humans due to the generation of chemical residues in edible products, a major concern for public health and consumer's safety. As is clearly known in human beings, the ATP binding cassette (ABC) of transport proteins may influence the bioavailability and elimination of numerous drugs and other xenobiotics in domestic animals as well. A number of drugs, currently available in the veterinary market, are substrates of one or more transporters. Therefore, significant drug-drug interactions among ABC substrates may have unpredictable pharmacotoxicological consequences in different species of veterinary interest. In this context, different investigations revealed the major relevance of P-gp and other transport proteins, like breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), in both companion and livestock animals. Undoubtedly, the discovery of the ABC transporters and the deep understanding of their physiological role in the different species introduced a new paradigm into the veterinary pharmacology. This review focuses on the expression and function of the major transport proteins expressed in species of veterinary interest, and their impact on drug disposition, efficacy and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Myers MJ, Martinez M, Li F, Howard K, Yancy HF, Troutman L, Sharkey M. Impact of ABCB1 genotype in Collies on the pharmacokinetics of R- and S-fexofenadine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:805-814. [PMID: 30020547 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-two Collies were used to determine the impact of ABCB1 genotype and phenotype on the plasma pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine's (Fex) R- and S-enantiomers after bolus Fex administration, as human P-gp exhibits stereoselectivity. Each Collie's ABCB1 genotype and ivermectin (IVM) sensitivity (phenotype) was determined prior to study enrolment. Wild-type (WT) Collies had lower plasma concentrations of the individual enantiomers as compared to heterozygous IVM nonsensitive (HNS), heterozygous IVM-sensitive (HS) and homozygous mutant (MUT) Collies. Based on pairwise statistical comparison, WT Collies had statistically significantly lower (AUC0-last ) and peak (Cmax ) values compared to HS, HNS and MUT Collies. Tmax was not influenced by genotype/phenotype. Inter-individual variability in PK metrics tended to be largest for WT Collies. Although the influence of genotype/phenotype on Fex PK occurred with the individual isomers, impairment of S-Fex absorption, particularly in the MUT dogs, exceeded that associated with R-Fex. Since Fex elimination occurs primarily via biliary excretion via a transporter other than P-glycoprotein, and based upon our understanding of Fex absorption kinetics, we attributed these differences primarily to the absorption portion of the profile. These differences are expressed in a stereo-specific manner. These results demonstrate the potential negative impact on estimates of drug effectiveness and toxicity, especially for P-gp substrates that do not exhibit Central Nervous System toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Myers
- Office of Research, Division of Applied Veterinary Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Marilyn Martinez
- Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Fei Li
- Office of Research, Division of Applied Veterinary Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Karyn Howard
- Office of Research, Division of Applied Veterinary Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Haile F Yancy
- Office of Research, Division of Applied Veterinary Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Laurel, Maryland
| | - Lisa Troutman
- Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Division of Therapeutic Drugs for Non-food Animals, US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Michele Sharkey
- Office of New Animal Drug Evaluation, Division of Therapeutic Drugs for Non-food Animals, US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Rockville, Maryland
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Dekel Y, Machluf Y, Stoler A, Aderet A, Baumel D, Kellerman E, Plotsky Y, Noked Partouche O, Elhalal G, Ben-Shlomo I, Bercovich D. Frequency of canine nt230(del4) MDR1 mutation in prone pure breeds, their crosses and mongrels in Israel - insights from a worldwide comparative perspective. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:333. [PMID: 29132368 PMCID: PMC5683241 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1251-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sensitivity to macrocyclic lactones, which are commonly used in veterinary clinics, was first found in Rough Collies, and was attributed in 2001 to a 4 bp deletion in the MDR1 gene. The list of affected breeds currently includes 13 breeds. Researchers from different countries and continents examined the allelic frequencies of the nt230(del4) MDR1 mutation, emphasizing the clinical importance of this test not only to mutation-prone dogs, but also to their crosses and mongrels, since treatment of a deletion carrier with these compounds may lead to its death. In this study, the allelic frequencies of nt230(del4) MDR1 mutation in affected breeds, their crosses, unrelated pure breeds and mongrels are reported for the state of Israel (n = 1416 dogs). The Israeli data were compared with reports from the US, Europe, UK, Australia and Japan. Results The allelic frequencies of nt230(del4) MDR1 mutation in Israel for Australian, Swiss and German Shepherds (31%, 17% and 2.4%, respectively) are similar to the corresponding frequencies worldwide, much higher for Border Collies (4.8%), twice lower for Rough Collies (28%, compared to 55% or more elsewhere), and ~1% for mongrels. The frequencies for crosses of Australian Shepherd and Border Collies in Israel are 4 and 1.6 times lower, respectively, compared to the frequencies for the respective pure breeds. Conclusions This work, that for the first time presents the frequency of nt230(del4) MDR1 mutation in Israel, along with a worldwide survey, has implications for clinicians, owners and breeders of sheepdogs and their crosses and supports the need for extra care in treatment and in future breeding. Of note, the relative proportion of affected breeds, in the overall tested dogs, might be higher than their actual proportion in Israel due to directed samples collection by veterinarians for clinical purposes, as these are mainly limited to certain affected breeds or dogs that resemble them. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-017-1251-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Dekel
- Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, P.O.Box 97, 1290000, Kazerin, Israel. .,Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel. .,GGA - Galil Genetic Analysis Ltd, P.O.Box 3664, 12900, Kazerin, Israel.
| | - Yossy Machluf
- Specialist in the Fields of Genetics, Epidemiology and Molecular Biology, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviad Stoler
- GGA - Galil Genetic Analysis Ltd, P.O.Box 3664, 12900, Kazerin, Israel
| | - Arava Aderet
- GGA - Galil Genetic Analysis Ltd, P.O.Box 3664, 12900, Kazerin, Israel
| | - Daniel Baumel
- GGA - Galil Genetic Analysis Ltd, P.O.Box 3664, 12900, Kazerin, Israel
| | - Efrat Kellerman
- GGA - Galil Genetic Analysis Ltd, P.O.Box 3664, 12900, Kazerin, Israel
| | - Yoram Plotsky
- GGA - Galil Genetic Analysis Ltd, P.O.Box 3664, 12900, Kazerin, Israel
| | - Oshrat Noked Partouche
- Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, P.O.Box 97, 1290000, Kazerin, Israel.,Tel Hai College, 12210, Tel-Hai, Israel
| | - Gal Elhalal
- Vetmarket Ltd. Industrial Park Hevel Modiin, P.O.Box 960, 6085001, Shoham, Israel
| | - Izhar Ben-Shlomo
- Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University & Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poria, Israel
| | - Dani Bercovich
- Tel Hai College, 12210, Tel-Hai, Israel.,GGA - Galil Genetic Analysis Ltd, P.O.Box 3664, 12900, Kazerin, Israel
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Li F, Howard KD, Myers MJ. Influence of P-glycoprotein on the disposition of fexofenadine and its enantiomers. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:274-284. [PMID: 28090646 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is responsible for the efflux of a broad variety of human and veterinary drugs. Canine P-gp polymorphisms alter drug disposition and toxicity, but their impact on the disposition of enantiomeric drugs is unknown. Using fexofenadine as a model compound, we developed and validated HPLC-fluorescence methods to determine the effect of P-gp on the disposition of fexofenadine and its enantiomers. METHODS A chiral CD-Ph column was used for the separation of (R) and (S)-fexofenadine. Determination of racemic fexofenadine was achieved on an XDB-CN column. Fexofenadine and its enantiomers were detected by fluorescence at the excitation wavelength of 220 nm and emission wavelength of 300 nm. These methods were used to measure concentrations of fexofenadine and its enantiomers in Collie plasma after oral administration. KEY FINDINGS This study demonstrates that P-gp prefers to transport (S)-fexofenadine, and P-gp deficiency causes the increase in both (R)-fexofenadine and (S)-fexofenadine in plasma. Racemic fexofenadine, (R)-fexofenadine and (S)-fexofenadine were increased in ABCB1-1Δ Collies (118.7, 72.0 and 48.3 ng/ml) compared to wild-type Collies (25.0, 16.5 and 7.7 ng/ml) at 1 h postadministration. The results demonstrate that the stereoselectivity of P-gp plays a key role in the disposition of fexofenadine enantiomers. CONCLUSIONS The information derived from this drug model will be used to determine whether additional safety or efficacy requirements are necessary for enantiomeric drugs that would be used in dogs or humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Karyn D Howard
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Myers
- Division of Applied Veterinary Research, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD, USA
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Zhu M, Yancy HF, Deaver C, Jones YL, Myers MJ. Loperamide-induced expression of immune and inflammatory genes in Collies associated with ivermectin sensitivity. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2015; 39:131-7. [PMID: 26471945 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of the ABCB1-1Δ mutation in Collies which exhibited toxicity toward ivermectin, on changes in gene expression when given the unrelated ABCB1 substrate loperamide, to identify potential biomarkers predictive of drug safety. Thirty-two healthy intact Collies consisting of dogs with either a wild-type, heterozygous mutant, or homozygous mutant genotype were used. Whole blood samples were collected from Collies at 0 or 5 h following administration of loperamide at a dose of 0.10 mg/kg. Whole-genome gene expression microarray was conducted to examine for changes in gene expression. Microarray analysis identified loperamide-induced changes in gene expression which were specifically associated with ivermectin-sensitive phenotypes in Collies possessing the ABCB1-1Δ mutation. Gene pathway analysis further demonstrated that the altered genes are involved in immunological disease, cell death and survival, and cellular development. Thirteen genes, including CCL8 and IL-8, were identified. Collie dogs harboring ABCB1-1Δ mutation which also exhibited toxicity toward ivermectin demonstrated systematic responses following loperamide treatment exhibited by altered expression of genes involved in immune and inflammatory signaling pathways. Genes such as CCL8 and IL-8 are potential biomarkers in whole blood that may predict the safety of loperamide in dogs with ABCB1-1∆ mutation associated with ivermectin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhu
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - H F Yancy
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - C Deaver
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Y L Jones
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - M J Myers
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research, Laurel, MD, USA
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Myers MJ, Martinez M, Li H, Qiu J, Troutman L, Sharkey M, Yancy HF. Influence of ABCB1 Genotype in Collies on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Loperamide in a Dose-Escalation Study. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1392-407. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.063735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Zhu M, Ming Y, Swaim H, Swain MD, Myers MJ, Deaver C, Wu X, Jones YL, Yancy HF. Identification of potential biomarkers of P-glycoprotein substrate neurotoxicity in transgenic mice expressing the mutated canine ABCB1 gene. Am J Vet Res 2015; 75:1104-10. [PMID: 25419811 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.75.12.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify biomarkers of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate neurotoxicity in transgenic mice expressing the mutant canine ABCB1 gene (ABCB1-1Δ). ANIMALS 8 ABCB1 knock-in and knock-out transgenic mice expressing the ABCB1-1Δ gene and 8 control mice expressing the wild-type canine ABCB1 gene (ABCB1-WT). PROCEDURES Groups including 2 ABCB1-1Δ mutant mice and 2 ABCB1-WT mice were administered the P-gp substrates ivermectin (10 mg/kg, SC), doramectin (10 mg/kg, SC), moxidectin (10 mg/kg, PO), or digoxin (1.53 mg/kg, SC). A toxicogenomic approach based on DNA microarrays was used to examine whole-genome expression changes in mice administered P-gp substrates. RESULTS Compared with control ABCB1-WT mice, ABCB1-1Δ mutant mice developed neurotoxic signs including ataxia, lethargy, and tremors similar to those reported for dogs with the ABCB1-1Δ mutation. Microarray analysis revealed that gene expression was altered in ABCB1-1Δ mutant mice, compared with findings for ABCB1-WT mice, following administration of the same P-gp substrates. Gene pathway analysis revealed that genes with a ≥ 2-fold gene expression change were associated with behavior and nervous system development and function. Moreover, 34 genes were altered in the ABCB1-1Δ mutant mice in all 4 drug treatment groups. These genes were also associated with behavior, which was identified as the top-ranked gene network. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These study data have facilitated understanding of the molecular mechanisms of neurotoxicosis in ABCB1-1Δ mutant mice following exposure to various P-gp substrates. Some genes appear to be potential biomarkers of P-gp substrate neurotoxicity that might be used to predict the safety of those drugs in dogs with the ABCB1-1Δ mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, US FDA, 8401 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708
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Pharmacokinetic interactions of clopidogrel with quercetin, telmisartan, and cyclosporine A in rats and dogs. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1831-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-1017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Mizukami K, Chang HS, Yabuki A, Kawamichi T, Hossain MA, Rahman MM, Uddin MM, Yamato O. Rapid genotyping assays for the 4–base pair deletion of canine MDR1/ABCB1 gene and low frequency of the mutant allele in Border Collie dogs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011; 24:127-34. [DOI: 10.1177/1040638711425591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein, encoded by the MDR1 or ABCB1 gene, is an integral component of the blood–brain barrier as an efflux pump for xenobiotics crucial in limiting drug uptake into the central nervous system. Dogs homozygous for a 4–base pair deletion of the canine MDR1 gene show altered expression or function of P-glycoprotein, resulting in neurotoxicosis after administration of the substrate drugs. In the present study, the usefulness of microchip electrophoresis for genotyping assays detecting this deletion mutation was evaluated. Mutagenically separated polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR) and real-time PCR assays were newly developed and evaluated. Furthermore, a genotyping survey was carried out in a population of Border Collies dogs in Japan to determine the allele frequency in this breed. Microchip electrophoresis showed advantages in detection sensitivity and time saving over other modes of electrophoresis. The MS-PCR assay clearly discriminated all genotypes. Real-time PCR assay was most suitable for a large-scale survey due to its high throughput and rapidity. The genotyping survey demonstrated that the carrier and mutant allele frequencies were 0.49% and 0.25%, respectively, suggesting that the mutant allele frequency in Border Collies is markedly low compared to that in the susceptible dog breeds such as rough and smooth Collies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keijiro Mizukami
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
| | - Hye-Sook Chang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
| | - Akira Yabuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
| | - Takuji Kawamichi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
| | - Mohammad A. Hossain
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
| | - Mohammad M. Rahman
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
| | - Mohammad M. Uddin
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
| | - Osamu Yamato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan (Mizukami, Chang, Yabuki, Hossain, Rahman, Uddin, Yamato)
- Japan Border Collie Health Network, Kobe, Japan (Kawamichi)
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13
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MEALEY KL, WAITING D, RAUNIG DL, SCHMIDT KR, NELSON FR. Oral bioavailability of P-glycoprotein substrate drugs do not differ between ABCB1-1Δ and ABCB1 wild type dogs. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2010; 33:453-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2010.01170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Padowski JM, Pollack GM. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic implications of P-glycoprotein modulation. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 596:359-384. [PMID: 19949932 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-416-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-mediated transport has significant pharmacokinetic implications for Pgp substrates. Pharmacokinetic alterations may be at the systemic (blood concentrations), regional (organ or tissue concentrations), or local (intracellular concentrations) level. Regardless of the particular location of Pgp modulation, changes in substrate pharmacokinetics will have the potential to alter the magnitude and duration of pharmacologic effect (pharmacodynamics). It is important to understand each of the aspects of Pgp modulation for a given Pgp substrate in order to predict the degree to which Pgp modulation may affect that substrate, to minimize untoward effects associated with that modulation, or to exploit that modulation for specific therapeutic advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannie M Padowski
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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15
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Abstract
Pharmacogenomics is the study of the impact of genetic variation on drug effects, with the ultimate goal of achieving "personalised medicine". Since the completion of the Human Genome Project, great strides have been made towards the goal of personalised dosing of drugs in people, as exemplified by the development of gene-guided dosing of the anticoagulant drug, warfarin. Although the pharmacogenomics of domestic animals is still at an early stage of development, there is great potential for advances in the coming years as the direct result of complete genome sequences currently being derived for many of the species of significance to veterinary and comparative medicine. This sequence information is being used to discover sequence variants in candidate genes associated with altered drug response, as well as to develop whole genome high density single nucleotide polymorphism arrays for genotype-phenotype linkage analysis. This review summarises the current state of veterinary pharmacogenomics research, including drug response variability phenotypes with either known genetic aetiology or strong circumstantial evidence for genetic involvement. Polymorphisms and rarer gene variants affecting drug disposition (pharmacokinetics) and drug effect (pharmacodynamics) are discussed. In addition to providing the veterinary clinician with useful information for the practise of therapeutics, it is envisaged that the increasing knowledge base will also provide a resource for individuals involved in veterinary and comparative biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie M Mosher
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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16
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Klintzsch S, Meerkamp K, Döring B, Geyer J. Detection of the nt230[del4] MDR1 mutation in dogs by a fluorogenic 5' nuclease TaqMan allelic discrimination method. Vet J 2009; 185:272-7. [PMID: 19733104 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
For detection of the nt230[del4] MDR1 mutation, a 4-bp deletion in the canine MDR1 (ABCB1) gene, a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay was designed that allows for MDR1 genotyping without post-PCR processing. Directly after completion of the PCR amplification, the MDR1 genotype can be assigned based on selective fluorescence measurement. For primer selection the locus of a potential 265A>G single nucleotide polymorphism was omitted; this locus is covered by the oligonucleotide PCR primers from most of the hitherto established MDR1 genotyping methods. Dogs homozygous for the nt230[del4] MDR1 mutation show highly increased susceptibility to many drugs commonly used in veterinary medicine including ivermectin. As more than 10 dog breeds are predisposed to this mutation, reliable genotyping methods are necessary to identify affected dogs before drug treatment. This study provides a new allelic discrimination method that detects the MDR1 mutation with high specificity and reliability and is useful for routine diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Klintzsch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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