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Olivares-Vicente M, Sánchez-Marzo N, Herranz-López M, Micol V. Analysis of Lemon Verbena Polyphenol Metabolome and Its Correlation with Oxidative Stress under Glucotoxic Conditions in Adipocyte. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:9768-9781. [PMID: 38629896 PMCID: PMC11066870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Lemon verbena has been shown to ameliorate obesity-related oxidative stress, but the intracellular final effectors underlying its antioxidant activity are still unknown. The purpose of this study was to correlate the antioxidant capacity of plasma metabolites of lemon verbena (verbascoside, isoverbascoside, hydroxytyrosol, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, homoprotocatechuic acid, and luteolin-7-diglucuronide) with their uptake and intracellular metabolism in hypertrophic adipocytes under glucotoxic conditions. To this end, intracellular ROS levels were measured, and the intracellular metabolites were identified and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS). The results showed that the plasma metabolites of lemon verbena are absorbed by adipocytes and metabolized through phase II reactions and that the intracellular appearance of these metabolites correlates with the decrease in the level of glucotoxicity-induced oxidative stress. It is postulated that the biotransformation and accumulation of these metabolites in adipocytes contribute to the long-term antioxidant activity of the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariló Olivares-Vicente
- Instituto
de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología
Sanitaria de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández
(UMH), Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Noelia Sánchez-Marzo
- Instituto
de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología
Sanitaria de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández
(UMH), Elche 03202, Spain
| | - María Herranz-López
- Instituto
de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología
Sanitaria de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández
(UMH), Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Instituto
de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología
Sanitaria de Elche, Universidad Miguel Hernández
(UMH), Elche 03202, Spain
- CIBER:
CB12/03/30038, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición,
CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III
(ISCIII), Madrid 28029, Spain
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Costa M, Costa V, Lopes M, Paiva-Martins F. A biochemical perspective on the fate of virgin olive oil phenolic compounds in vivo. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:1403-1428. [PMID: 36094444 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2116558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of the phenolic compounds found in virgin olive oil (VOO) is very complex due, not only to the different classes of polyphenols that can be found in it, but, above all, due to the existence of a very specific phenol class found only in oleaceae plants: the secoiridoids. Searching in the Scopus data base the keywords flavonoid, phenolic acid, lignin and secoiridoid, we can find a number of 148174, 79435, 11326 and 1392 research articles respectively, showing how little is devote to the latter class of compounds. Moreover, in contrast with other classes, that include only phenolic compounds, secoiridoids may include phenolic and non-phenolic compounds, being the articles concerning phenolic secoiridoids much less than the half of the abovementioned articles. Therefore, it is important to clarify the structures of these compounds and their chemistry, as this knowledge will help understand their bioactivity and metabolism studies, usually performed by researchers with a more health science's related background. In this review, all the structures found in many research articles concerning VOO phenolic compounds chemistry and metabolism was gathered, with a special attention devoted to the secoiridoids, the main phenolic compound class found in olives, VOO and olive leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vânia Costa
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Lopes
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Paiva-Martins
- REQUIMTE-LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Jiménez-Sánchez A, Martínez-Ortega AJ, Remón-Ruiz PJ, Piñar-Gutiérrez A, Pereira-Cunill JL, García-Luna PP. Therapeutic Properties and Use of Extra Virgin Olive Oil in Clinical Nutrition: A Narrative Review and Literature Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071440. [PMID: 35406067 PMCID: PMC9003415 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a cornerstone of the Mediterranean diet (MedD). In this narrative review, we synthesize and illustrate the various characteristics and clinical applications of EVOO and its components—such as oleic acid, hydroxytyrosol, and oleuropein—in the field of clinical nutrition and dietetics. The evidence is split into diet therapy, oleic acid-based enteral nutrition formulations and oral supplementation formulations, oleic acid-based parenteral nutrition, and nutraceutical supplementation of minor components of EVOO. EVOO has diverse beneficial health properties, and current evidence supports the use of whole EVOO in diet therapy and the supplementation of its minor components to improve cardiovascular health, lipoprotein metabolism, and diabetes mellitus in clinical nutrition. Nevertheless, more intervention studies in humans are needed to chisel specific recommendations for its therapeutic use through different formulations in other specific diseases and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Jiménez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.J.-S.); (P.P.G.-L.)
| | - Antonio Jesús Martínez-Ortega
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Torrecárdenas, C. Hermandad de Donantes de Sangre, s/n, 04009 Almería, Spain
| | - Pablo Jesús Remón-Ruiz
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Ana Piñar-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - José Luis Pereira-Cunill
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Pedro Pablo García-Luna
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain; (P.J.R.-R.); (A.P.-G.); (J.L.P.-C.)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Correspondence: (A.J.-S.); (P.P.G.-L.)
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Serreli G, Le Sayec M, Diotallevi C, Teissier A, Deiana M, Corona G. Conjugated Metabolites of Hydroxytyrosol and Tyrosol Contribute to the Maintenance of Nitric Oxide Balance in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells at Physiologically Relevant Concentrations. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247480. [PMID: 34946563 PMCID: PMC8707355 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signaling molecule involved in many pathophysiological processes. NO mediates vasodilation and blood flow in the arteries, and its action contributes to maintaining vascular homeostasis by inhibiting vascular smooth muscle contraction and growth, platelet aggregation, and leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium. Dietary antioxidants and their metabolites have been found to be directly and/or indirectly involved in the modulation of the intracellular signals that lead to the production of NO. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of conjugated metabolites of hydroxytyrosol (HT) and tyrosol (TYR) to the release of NO at the vascular level, and the related mechanism of action, in comparison to their parental forms. Experiments were performed in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) to evaluate the superoxide production, the release of NO and production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), the activation of serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (Akt1), and the activation state of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). It was observed that the tested phenolic compounds enhanced NO and cGMP concentration, inhibiting its depletion caused by superoxide overproduction. Moreover, some of them enhanced the activation of Akt (TYR, HT metabolites) and eNOS (HT, HVA, TYR-S, HT-3S). Overall, the obtained data showed that these compounds promote NO production and availability, suggesting that HT and TYR conjugated metabolites may contribute to the effects of parental extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenolics in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Serreli
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Melanie Le Sayec
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK;
| | - Camilla Diotallevi
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK;
| | - Alice Teissier
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK;
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Giulia Corona
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)20-8392-3622
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Galmés S, Reynés B, Palou M, Palou-March A, Palou A. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of the Main Olive Tree Phenols and Polyphenols: A Literature Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5281-5296. [PMID: 33908772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of olive tree (poly)phenols (OPs) are largely dependent upon their bioavailability and metabolization by humans. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) are fundamental for the nutritional efficacy and toxicological impact of foods containing OPs. This review includes studies on the administration of hydroxytyrosol (HT), oleuropein (Ole), or other OPs and foods, products, or mixtures that contain them. Briefly, data from in vivo studies indicate that OPs are absorbable by intestinal cells. Both absorption and bioavailability depend upon each compound and/or the matrix in which it is contained. OPs metabolism begins in enterocytes and can also continue in the liver. Metabolic phase I mainly consists of the hydrolysis of Ole, which results in an increase in the HT content. Phase II metabolic reactions involve the conjugation of (poly)phenols mainly with glucuronide and sulfate groups. This review offers a complete perspective of the ADME processes of OPs, which could support the future nutritional and/or toxicological studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastià Galmés
- Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bàrbara Reynés
- Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Mariona Palou
- Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou-March
- Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Palou
- Alimentómica S.L., 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Plotnikov MB, Plotnikova TM. Tyrosol as a Neuroprotector: Strong Effects of a "Weak" Antioxidant. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:434-448. [PMID: 32379590 PMCID: PMC8206466 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200507082311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of neuroprotective agents for stroke is pathogenetically justified, but the translation of the results of preclinical studies of neuroprotectors into clinical practice has been a noticeable failure. One of the leading reasons for these failures is the one-target mechanism of their activity. p-Tyrosol (Tyr), a biophenol, is present in a variety of natural sources, mainly in foods, such as olive oil and wine. Tyr has a wide spectrum of biological activity: antioxidant, stress-protective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective and many others. This review analyzes data on the neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and other kinds of Tyr activity as well as data on the pharmacokinetics of the substance. The data presented in the review substantiate the acceptability of tyr as the basis for the development of a new neuroprotective drug with multitarget activity for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Tyr is a promising molecule for the development of an effective neuroprotective agent for use in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Plotnikov
- Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Lenin Av., Tomsk 634028, Russian Federation
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Hermans MP, Lempereur P, Salembier JP, Maes N, Albert A, Jansen O, Pincemail J. Supplementation Effect of a Combination of Olive ( Olea europea L.) Leaf and Fruit Extracts in the Clinical Management of Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090872. [PMID: 32942738 PMCID: PMC7554871 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of herbal products in the prevention of cardiovascular disease requires supporting evidence. This open pilot study assessed the effect of 2-month supplementation of a combination of olive leaf and fruit extracts (Tensiofytol®, Tilman SA, Baillonville, Belgium) in the clinical management of hypertension and metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS A total of 663 (pre)-hypertensive patients were enrolled by general practitioners and supplemented for two months with Tensiofytol®, two capsules per day (100 mg/d of oleuropein and 20 mg/d of hydroxytyrosol). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP/DBP) were measured before and after treatment. Markers of MetS, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FG) and waist circumference (WC), were also examined. RESULTS Significant reductions (p < 0.0001) in SBP/DBP (13 ± 10/7.1 ± 6.6 mmHg) were observed and similarly in pre-diabetic and diabetic patients. Improvements in SBP/DPB were independent of age and gender but greater for elevated baseline SBP/DBP. Tensiofytol® supplementation also significantly improved markers of MetS, with a decrease of TG (11%), WC (1.4%) and FG (4.8%) and an increase of HDL-C (5.3%). Minor side effects were reported in 3.2% patients. CONCLUSIONS This real-life, observational, non-controlled, non-randomized pilot study shows that supplementation of a combination of olive leaf and fruit extracts may be used efficiently and safely in reducing hypertension and MetS markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel P. Hermans
- Service d’Endocrinologie et de Nutrition and Pôle Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition (EDIN), Institut de Recherche expérimentale et clinique, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Philippe Lempereur
- Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Bois de l’Abbaye, 4100 Seraing, Belgium;
| | - Jean-Paul Salembier
- Service de Cardiologie, CHU UCL Namur - site Sainte-Elisabeth, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Nathalie Maes
- Biostatistics and Medico-economic Information Department, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (N.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Adelin Albert
- Biostatistics and Medico-economic Information Department, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (N.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Olivia Jansen
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur le Médicament (CIRM), Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Joël Pincemail
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, CREDEC and Platform Nutrition Antioxydante et Santé, CHU and University of Liège, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Structure-Biological Activity Relationships of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds: Health Properties and Bioavailability. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080685. [PMID: 32752213 PMCID: PMC7464770 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra-virgin olive oil is regarded as functional food since epidemiological studies and multidisciplinary research have reported convincing evidence that its intake affects beneficially one or more target functions in the body, improves health, and reduces the risk of disease. Its health properties have been related to the major and minor fractions of extra-virgin olive oil. Among olive oil chemical composition, the phenolic fraction has received considerable attention due to its bioactivity in different chronic diseases. The bioactivity of the phenolic compounds could be related to different properties such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, although the molecular mechanism of these compounds in relation to many diseases could have different cellular targets. The aim of this review is focused on the extra-virgin olive oil phenolic fraction with particular emphasis on (a) biosynthesis, chemical structure, and influence factors on the final extra-virgin olive oil phenolic composition; (b) structure–antioxidant activity relationships and other molecular mechanisms in relation to many diseases; (c) bioavailability and controlled delivery strategies; (d) alternative sources of olive biophenols. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive review was developed, with particular emphasis on in vitro and in vivo assays as well as clinical trials. This report provides an overview of extra-virgin olive oil phenolic compounds as a tool for functional food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical applications.
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Perrone MA, Gualtieri P, Gratteri S, Ali W, Sergi D, Muscoli S, Cammarano A, Bernardini S, Di Renzo L, Romeo F. Effects of postprandial hydroxytyrosol and derivates on oxidation of LDL, cardiometabolic state and gene expression: a nutrigenomic approach for cardiovascular prevention. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2019; 20:419-426. [PMID: 31593559 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most frequent causes of death in the world. Inflammation and oxidative damage contribute significantly to the development of atherosclerosis and CVDs. European Food Safety Authority scientific opinion has acknowledged that hydroxytyrosol (3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol) and derivatives, contained in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), typically used in Mediterranean diet may play a crucial role in the reduction of the inflammatory pathway and in the prevention of CVDs. The aim of the study was to determine the effect in healthy volunteers of 25 g of phenols-rich EVOO (p-EVOO). METHODS The clinical study was a randomized, controlled trial to determine the acute effect in the postprandial time of 25 g of p-EVOO. We evaluated nutritional status using anthropometric parameters, body composition, serum metabolites, oxidative stress biomarkers and gene expression of eight genes related to oxidative stress and human inflammasome pathways, lasting 2 h after p-EVOO administration. Twenty-two participants resulted as eligible for the study. RESULTS A significant reduction of oxidized LDL, malondialdehyde, triglycerides and visceral adiposity index was highlighted (P < 0.05). Significant upregulation of catalase, superoxide dismutase 1 and upstream transcription factor 1 were observed (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The current study shows that intake of 25 g of p-EVOO has been able to be modulated, in the postprandial time, the antioxidant profile and the expression of inflammation and oxidative stress-related genes, as superoxide dismutase 1, upstream transcription factor 1 and catalase. We also observed a significant reduction of oxidized LDL, malondialdehyde, triglycerides and visceral adiposity index. We have demonstrated that a daily intake of phenols and antioxidants can reduce the inflammatory pathway and oxidative stress and therefore the risk of atherosclerosis and CVDs. More studies on a larger population are necessary before definitive conclusions can be drawn.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01890070.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Perrone
- Division of Cardiology.,Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology.,University Sports Centre
| | - Paola Gualtieri
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Santo Gratteri
- Department of Surgery and Medical Science, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Germaneto, Italy
| | - Wahid Ali
- Department of Pathology, King George S. Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Andrea Cammarano
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology.,University Sports Centre
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome
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Boronat A, Mateus J, Soldevila-Domenech N, Guerra M, Rodríguez-Morató J, Varon C, Muñoz D, Barbosa F, Morales JC, Gaedigk A, Langohr K, Covas MI, Pérez-Mañá C, Fitó M, Tyndale RF, de la Torre R. Cardiovascular benefits of tyrosol and its endogenous conversion into hydroxytyrosol in humans. A randomized, controlled trial. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:471-481. [PMID: 31479717 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The simple phenol hydroxytyrosol (OHTyr) has been associated with the beneficial health effects of extra virgin olive oil. Pre-clinical studies have identified Tyr hydroxylation, mediated by cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP2A6 and CYP2D6, as an additional source of OHTyr. AIM We aimed to (i) confirm Tyr to OHTyr bioconversion in vivo in humans, (ii) assess the cardiovascular benefits of this bioconversion, and (iii) determine their interaction with a polygenic activity score (PAS) from CYP2A6 and CYP2D6 genotypes. METHODS Randomized, crossover, controlled study. Individuals at cardiovascular risk (n = 33) received: white wine (WW) (females 1, males 2 standard drinks/day), WW plus Tyr capsules (WW + Tyr) (25 mg Tyr capsule, one per WW drink), and water (control) ad libitum. Participants were classified by a PAS as low versus normal activity metabolizers. RESULTS OHTyr recovery following WW + Tyr was higher than after other interventions (P < 0.05). Low PAS individuals had lower OHTyr/Tyr ratios compared to individuals with normal PAS. WW + Tyr improved endothelial function, increased plasma HDL-cholesterol and antithrombin IIII, and decreased plasma homocysteine, endothelin 1, and CD40L, P65/RELA, and CFH gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (p < 0.05). Combining Tyr capsule(s) with WW abolished the increase in iNOS, eNOS, VEGFA, and CHF expressions promoted by WW (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Tyr, and its partial biotransformation into OHTyr, promoted cardiovascular health-related benefits in humans after dietary doses of Tyr. The study design allowed the health effects of individual phenols to be singled out from the dietary matrix in which they are naturally found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian Mateus
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Soldevila-Domenech
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Guerra
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlota Varon
- Department of Pharmacy, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig de Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Muñoz
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francina Barbosa
- CAP Barceloneta, Parc Sanitari Rovira Virgili, Passeig Marítim, 25 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Morales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López Neyra, CSIC, PTS Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento 17, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Andreas Gaedigk
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Klaus Langohr
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; NUPROAS Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), Nacka, Sweden
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, 08003, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN, CB06/03/028), Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Karković Marković A, Torić J, Barbarić M, Jakobušić Brala C. Hydroxytyrosol, Tyrosol and Derivatives and Their Potential Effects on Human Health. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24102001. [PMID: 31137753 PMCID: PMC6571782 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet and olive oil as its quintessential part are almost synonymous with a healthy way of eating and living nowadays. This kind of diet has been highly appreciated and is widely recognized for being associated with many favorable effects, such as reduced incidence of different chronic diseases and prolonged longevity. Although olive oil polyphenols present a minor fraction in the composition of olive oil, they seem to be of great importance when it comes to the health benefits, and interest in their biological and potential therapeutic effects is huge. There is a growing body of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as intervention-based clinical trials, revealing new aspects of already known and many new, previously unknown activities and health effects of these compounds. This review summarizes recent findings regarding biological activities, metabolism and bioavailability of the major olive oil phenolic compounds—hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, oleocanthal and oleacein—the most important being their antiatherogenic, cardioprotective, anticancer, neuroprotective and endocrine effects. The evidence presented in the review concludes that these phenolic compounds have great pharmacological potential, however, further studies are still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karković Marković
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jelena Torić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Monika Barbarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Cvijeta Jakobušić Brala
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A.Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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12
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Serreli G, Deiana M. In vivoformed metabolites of polyphenols and their biological efficacy. Food Funct 2019; 10:6999-7021. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01733j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The metabolites of polyphenols are antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents. Being bioavailable, they may play an important role in preventing degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cagliari
- Italy
| | - Monica Deiana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences
- University of Cagliari
- Cagliari
- Italy
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13
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Biological Relevance of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols Metabolites. ANTIOXIDANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018. [PMID: 30469520 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120170]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols beneficial effects have widely been debated throughout the last three decades, with greater attention to hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, which are by far the most studied. The main concern about the evaluation of EVOO phenols activities in vitro and in vivo is that the absorption and metabolism of these compounds once ingested lead to the production of different metabolites in the human body. EVOO phenols in the ingested forms are less concentrated in human tissues than their glucuronide, sulfate and methyl metabolites; on the other hand, metabolites may undergo deconjugation before entering the cells and thus act as free forms or may be reformed inside the cells so acting as conjugated forms. In most in vitro studies the presence of methyl/sulfate/glucuronide functional groups does not seem to inhibit biological activity. Parent compounds and metabolites have been shown to reach tissue concentrations useful to exert beneficial effects others than antioxidant and scavenging properties, by modulating intracellular signaling and improving cellular response to oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli. This review aims to give an overview on the reported evidence of the positive effects exerted by the main EVOO polyphenols metabolites in comparison with the parent compounds.
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14
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Biological Relevance of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenols Metabolites. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7120170. [PMID: 30469520 PMCID: PMC6315336 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7120170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) polyphenols beneficial effects have widely been debated throughout the last three decades, with greater attention to hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, which are by far the most studied. The main concern about the evaluation of EVOO phenols activities in vitro and in vivo is that the absorption and metabolism of these compounds once ingested lead to the production of different metabolites in the human body. EVOO phenols in the ingested forms are less concentrated in human tissues than their glucuronide, sulfate and methyl metabolites; on the other hand, metabolites may undergo deconjugation before entering the cells and thus act as free forms or may be reformed inside the cells so acting as conjugated forms. In most in vitro studies the presence of methyl/sulfate/glucuronide functional groups does not seem to inhibit biological activity. Parent compounds and metabolites have been shown to reach tissue concentrations useful to exert beneficial effects others than antioxidant and scavenging properties, by modulating intracellular signaling and improving cellular response to oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli. This review aims to give an overview on the reported evidence of the positive effects exerted by the main EVOO polyphenols metabolites in comparison with the parent compounds.
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15
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Cruz-Lozano M, González-González A, Marchal JA, Muñoz-Muela E, Molina MP, Cara FE, Brown AM, García-Rivas G, Hernández-Brenes C, Lorente JA, Sanchez-Rovira P, Chang JC, Granados-Principal S. Hydroxytyrosol inhibits cancer stem cells and the metastatic capacity of triple-negative breast cancer cell lines by the simultaneous targeting of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, Wnt/β-catenin and TGFβ signaling pathways. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:3207-3219. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Míguez N, Ramírez‐Escudero M, Gimeno‐Pérez M, Poveda A, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Ballesteros AO, Fernández‐Lobato M, Sanz‐Aparicio J, Plou FJ. Fructosylation of Hydroxytyrosol by the β‐Fructofuranosidase from
Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous
: Insights into the Molecular Basis of the Enzyme Specificity. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Míguez
- Biocatalysis DepartmentInstitute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (CSIC) Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Mercedes Ramírez‐Escudero
- Macromolecular Crystallography and Structural Biology Department Institute of Physical-Chemistry Rocasolano (CSIC) Madrid 28006 Spain
| | - María Gimeno‐Pérez
- Molecular Biology Department Centre of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM)Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Ana Poveda
- CIC bioGUNE: Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences Basque Network of Science Technology and InnovationBiscay Science and Technology Park Derio 48160 Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez‐Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE: Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences Basque Network of Science Technology and InnovationBiscay Science and Technology Park Derio 48160 Spain
| | - Antonio O. Ballesteros
- Biocatalysis DepartmentInstitute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (CSIC) Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - María Fernández‐Lobato
- Molecular Biology Department Centre of Molecular Biology Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM)Autonomous University of Madrid Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Julia Sanz‐Aparicio
- Macromolecular Crystallography and Structural Biology Department Institute of Physical-Chemistry Rocasolano (CSIC) Madrid 28006 Spain
| | - Francisco J. Plou
- Biocatalysis DepartmentInstitute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (CSIC) Madrid 28049 Spain
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17
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Wine and Olive Oil Phenolic Compounds Interaction in Humans. Diseases 2018; 6:diseases6030076. [PMID: 30200425 PMCID: PMC6165478 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and red wine (RW) are two basic elements that form part of the so-called Mediterranean diet. Both stand out because of their high phenolic compound content and their potential related health benefits. The present study is focused on the metabolic disposition of resveratrol (RESV), tyrosol (TYR), and hydroxytyrosol (HT) following the consumption of EVOO, RW, and a combination of both. In this study, 12 healthy volunteers consumed a single dose of 25 mL of EVOO, 150 mL of RW, and a combination of both in a crossover randomized clinical trial. Urinary recovery of RESV, TYR, and HT was analysed in urine samples collected over a 6-h period following the intake of each treatment. Higher HT levels were observed following EVOO compared to RW (3788 ± 1751 nmols and 2308 ± 847 nmols respectively). After the combination of EVOO and RW, the recovery of TYR and HT metabolites increased statistically compared to their separate consumption (4925 ± 1751 nmols of TYR and 6286 ± 3198 nmols of HT). EVOO triggered an increase in glucuronide conjugates, while RW intake raised sulfate metabolites. Marginal effects were observed in RESV increased bioavailability after the combination of RW with the fat matrix provided by EVOO.
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18
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Peyrol J, Meyer G, Obert P, Dangles O, Pechère L, Amiot MJ, Riva C. Involvement of bilitranslocase and beta-glucuronidase in the vascular protection by hydroxytyrosol and its glucuronide metabolites in oxidative stress conditions. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 51:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Robles-Almazan M, Pulido-Moran M, Moreno-Fernandez J, Ramirez-Tortosa C, Rodriguez-Garcia C, Quiles JL, Ramirez-Tortosa MC. Hydroxytyrosol: Bioavailability, toxicity, and clinical applications. Food Res Int 2017; 105:654-667. [PMID: 29433260 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many beneficial properties have been attributed to the Mediterranean diet. Over the years, researchers have attempted to learn which foods and which food components are responsible for good health. One of these components is hydroxytyrosol, an important phenolic compound present in olive oil. Hydroxytyrosol is a molecule of high interest to the pharmaceutical industry due to its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial qualities its role against cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome and for its neuroprotection, antitumour, and chemo modulation effects. The interest in this molecule has led to wide research on its biological activities, its beneficial effects in humans and how to synthetize new molecules from hydroxytyrosol. This review describes the vast range of information about hydroxytyrosol, focusing on its involvement in biological mechanisms and modulation effects on different pathologies. This review also serves to highlight the role of hydroxytyrosol as a nutraceutical and as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Robles-Almazan
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Hospital Complex of Jaén, Avenida del Ejército Español, 10, Jaén 23007, Spain
| | - Mario Pulido-Moran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Cesar Ramirez-Tortosa
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Hospital Complex of Jaén, Avenida del Ejército Español, 10, Jaén 23007, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodriguez-Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - Jose L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - MCarmen Ramirez-Tortosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, University campus of Cartuja, Granada 18071, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology José Mataix, University of Granada, Biomedical Research Centre, Avenida del Conocimiento, Armilla, Granada 18016, Spain.
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20
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Sun Y, Zhou D, Shahidi F. Antioxidant properties of tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol saturated fatty acid esters. Food Chem 2017; 245:1262-1268. [PMID: 29287352 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Dayong Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada; School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
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21
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Guo Z, Jia X, Zheng Z, Lu X, Zheng Y, Zheng B, Xiao J. Chemical composition and nutritional function of olive (Olea europaea L.): a review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11101-017-9526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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22
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Peyrol J, Riva C, Amiot MJ. Hydroxytyrosol in the Prevention of the Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders. Nutrients 2017; 9:E306. [PMID: 28335507 PMCID: PMC5372969 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Virgin olive oil (VOO) constitutes the main source of fat in the Mediterranean diet. VOO is rich in oleic acid, displaying health-promoting properties, but also contains minor bioactive components, especially phenolic compounds. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the main polyphenol of olive oil, has been reported to be the most bioactive component. This review aims to compile the results of clinical, animal and cell culture studies evaluating the effects of HT on the features of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) (body weight/adiposity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia/insulin resistance) and associated complications (oxidative stress and inflammation). HT was able to improve the lipid profile, glycaemia, and insulin sensitivity, and counteract oxidative and inflammatory processes. Experimental studies identified multiple molecular targets for HT conferring its beneficial effect on health in spite of its low bioavailability. However, rodent experiments and clinical trials with pure HT at biologically relevant concentrations are still lacking. Moreover, the roles of intestine and its gut microbiota have not been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Peyrol
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-Ecology EA4278, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Catherine Riva
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharm-Ecology EA4278, Department of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France.
| | - Marie Josèphe Amiot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Nutrition, Obesity and Risk of Thrombosis, Aix-Marseille University, F-13005 Marseille, France.
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Markets, Organisations, Institutions, Stakeholder Strategies, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Montpellier SupAgro, F-34060 Montpellier, France.
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; Division of Nutrtition, Chemical Food Safety and Consumer Behaviour, F-75015 Paris, France.
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, F-75015 Paris, France.
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23
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Effect of metabolites of hydroxytyrosol on protection against oxidative stress and inflammation in human endothelial cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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24
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Rodríguez-Morató J, Robledo P, Tanner JA, Boronat A, Pérez-Mañá C, Oliver Chen CY, Tyndale RF, de la Torre R. CYP2D6 and CYP2A6 biotransform dietary tyrosol into hydroxytyrosol. Food Chem 2016; 217:716-725. [PMID: 27664690 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The dietary phenol tyrosol has been reported to be endogenously transformed into hydroxytyrosol, a potent antioxidant with multiple health benefits. In this work, we evaluated whether tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and cytochrome P450s (CYPs) catalyzed this process. To assess TH involvement, Wistar rats were treated with α-methyl-L-tyrosine and tyrosol. Tyrosol was converted into hydroxytyrosol whilst α-methyl-L-tyrosine did not inhibit the biotransformation. The role of CYP was assessed in human liver microsomes (HLM) and tyrosol-to-hydroxytyrosol conversion was observed. Screening with selective enzymatic CYP inhibitors identified CYP2A6 as the major isoform involved in this process. Studies with baculosomes further demonstrated that CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 could transform tyrosol into hydroxytyrosol. Experiments using human genotyped livers showed an interindividual variability in hydroxytyrosol formation and supported findings that CYP2D6 and CYP2A6 mediated this reaction. The dietary health benefits of tyrosol-containing foods remain to be evaluated in light of CYP pharmacogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Robledo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Julie-Anne Tanner
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Anna Boronat
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola, Spain.
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Cerdanyola, Spain; Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 80, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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25
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In silico studies reveal the mechanisms behind the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroxytyrosol. Med Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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26
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Rodríguez-Morató J, Boronat A, Kotronoulas A, Pujadas M, Pastor A, Olesti E, Pérez-Mañá C, Khymenets O, Fitó M, Farré M, de la Torre R. Metabolic disposition and biological significance of simple phenols of dietary origin: hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:218-36. [PMID: 27186796 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1179754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol are dietary phenolic compounds present in virgin olive oil and wine. Both compounds are also endogenously synthesized in our body as byproducts of dopamine and tyramine metabolisms, respectively. Over the last decades, research into hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol has experienced an increasing interest due to the role that these compounds may play in the prevention of certain pathologies (e.g. cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer). The translation of promising in vitro and in vivo biological effects from preclinical studies to the context of human disease prevention initially depends on whether the dose ingested becomes available at the site of action. In this regard, information regarding the bioavailability and metabolic disposition of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol is of most importance to evaluate the impact they may have on human health. In this review, we discuss and summarize the state of the art of the scientific evidence regarding the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of both hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. We also examine the impact of these compounds and their metabolites on biological activity in terms of beneficial health effects. Finally, we evaluate the different analytical approaches that have been developed to measure the plasma and urinary levels of hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Anna Boronat
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Aristotelis Kotronoulas
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mitona Pujadas
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Eulalia Olesti
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,d Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Cerdanyola, Spain
| | - Olha Khymenets
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain ;,e Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,d Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona , Cerdanyola, Spain ;,f Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) , Badalona , Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- a Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience , IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Research Institute) , Barcelona , Spain ;,b Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF) , Barcelona , Spain ;,c CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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27
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Mateos R, Martínez-López S, Baeza Arévalo G, Amigo-Benavent M, Sarriá B, Bravo-Clemente L. Hydroxytyrosol in functional hydroxytyrosol-enriched biscuits is highly bioavailable and decreases oxidised low density lipoprotein levels in humans. Food Chem 2016; 205:248-56. [PMID: 27006237 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) and its derivatives in olive oil protect low-density lipoproteins (LDL) against oxidation. Biscuits could be a convenient alternative to broaden consumers' choice of HT-rich foods, although the biscuit matrix could affect HT bioavailability. We performed a crossover, randomized, double-blind study to evaluate HT bioavailability in HT-enriched biscuits (HT-B) versus non-enriched biscuits (C-B), and the effects on oxidative postprandial status. On two separate days, 13 subjects consumed 30 g of C-B or HT-B (5.25mg HT) after overnight-fasting. Blood and urine were collected at different intervals and analysed by LC-MS-QToF. After HT-B consumption, plasma metabolites peaked between 0.5 and 1h and were extensively excreted in urine. HT-sulphate and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)-sulphate were the main metabolites, followed by DOPAC and homovanillic acid (HVA). HT-glucuronide, DOPAC-glucuronide, HVA-glucuronide and HVA-sulphate were also detected. Postprandial oxidised-LDL concentrations decreased with HT-B. HT is a promising functional ingredient and, in biscuits, it is highly bioavailable and lowers postprandial oxidised-LDL levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mateos
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sara Martínez-López
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Baeza Arévalo
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miryam Amigo-Benavent
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sarriá
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Bravo-Clemente
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Pastor A, Rodríguez-Morató J, Olesti E, Pujadas M, Pérez-Mañá C, Khymenets O, Fitó M, Covas MI, Solá R, Motilva MJ, Farré M, de la Torre R. Analysis of free hydroxytyrosol in human plasma following the administration of olive oil. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1437:183-190. [PMID: 26877176 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) from olive oil, a potent bioactive molecule with health benefits, has a poor bioavailability, its free form (free HT) being undetectable so far. This fact leads to the controversy whether attained HT concentrations after olive oil polyphenol ingestion are too low to explain the observed biological activities. Due to this, an analytical methodology to determine free HT in plasma is crucial for understanding HT biological activity. Plasma HT instability and low concentrations have been major limitations for its quantification in clinical studies. Here, we describe a method to detect and quantify free HT in human plasma by using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The method encompasses different steps of sample preparation including plasma stabilization, protein precipitation, selective derivatization with benzylamine, and purification by solid-phase extraction. A high sensitivity (LOD, 0.3ng/mL), specificity and stability of HT is achieved following these procedures. The method was validated and its applicability was demonstrated by analyzing human plasma samples after olive oil intake. A pharmacokinetic comparison was performed measuring free HT plasma concentrations following the intake of 25mL of ordinary olive oil (nearly undetectable concentrations) versus an extra-virgin olive oil (Cmax=4.40ng/mL). To our knowledge, this is the first time that an analytical procedure for quantifying free HT in plasma after olive oil dietary doses has been reported. The present methodology opens the door to a better understanding of the relationship between HT plasma concentrations and its beneficial health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Pastor
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Eulàlia Olesti
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mitona Pujadas
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Olha Khymenets
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María-Isabel Covas
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment), Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), Nacka, Sweden.
| | - Rosa Solá
- NFOC Group, CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain.
| | - María-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department, Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain.
| | - Magí Farré
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain.
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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29
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Atzeri A, Lucas R, Incani A, Peñalver P, Zafra-Gómez A, Melis MP, Pizzala R, Morales JC, Deiana M. Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol sulfate metabolites protect against the oxidized cholesterol pro-oxidant effect in Caco-2 human enterocyte-like cells. Food Funct 2016; 7:337-46. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00074b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol sulfate metabolites counteract the oxidizing action of oxidized cholesterol in Caco-2 cells with an efficiency comparable to that of the parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Atzeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Unità di Patologia Sperimentale
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Ricardo Lucas
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas
- CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Alessandra Incani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Unità di Patologia Sperimentale
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Pablo Peñalver
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López Neyra
- 18016 Armilla-Granada
- Spain
| | - Alberto Zafra-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Granada
- 18001 Granada
- Spain
| | - M. Paola Melis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Unità di Patologia Sperimentale
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
| | - Roberto Pizzala
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare
- Università degli Studi di Pavia
- 27100 Pavia
- Italy
| | - Juan C. Morales
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas
- CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla
- 41092 Sevilla
- Spain
| | - Monica Deiana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Unità di Patologia Sperimentale
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- 09042 Monserrato
- Italy
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30
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Catalán Ú, López de las Hazas MC, Rubió L, Fernández-Castillejo S, Pedret A, de la Torre R, Motilva MJ, Solà R. Protective effect of hydroxytyrosol and its predominant plasmatic human metabolites against endothelial dysfunction in human aortic endothelial cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2523-36. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Úrsula Catalán
- Functional Nutrition; Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut); Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research (URLA); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Hospital Universitari Sant Joan; IISPV; Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | | | - Laura Rubió
- Functional Nutrition; Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut); Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research (URLA); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Hospital Universitari Sant Joan; IISPV; Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
- Food Technology Department; Universitat de Lleida-AGROTECNIO Center; Lleida Lleida Spain
| | - Sara Fernández-Castillejo
- Functional Nutrition; Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut); Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research (URLA); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Hospital Universitari Sant Joan; IISPV; Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Functional Nutrition; Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut); Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research (URLA); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Hospital Universitari Sant Joan; IISPV; Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Facultat de Ciencies de la Salut i de la Vida; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF); Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department; Universitat de Lleida-AGROTECNIO Center; Lleida Lleida Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Functional Nutrition; Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut); Unit of Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research (URLA); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM); Hospital Universitari Sant Joan; IISPV; Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
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31
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Tirosh O, Shpaizer A, Kanner J. Lipid Peroxidation in a Stomach Medium Is Affected by Dietary Oils (Olive/Fish) and Antioxidants: The Mediterranean versus Western Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7016-7023. [PMID: 26165509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Red meat is an integral part of the Western diet, and high consumption is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases. Using a system that simulated the human stomach, red meat was interacted with different oils (olive/fish) and lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxides (LOOH). Olive oil decreased meat lipid peroxidation from 121.7 ± 3.1 to 48.2 ± 1.3 μM and from 327.1 ± 9.5 to 77.3 ± 6.0 μM as assessed by MDA and ROOH, respectively. The inhibitory effect of olive oil was attributed to oleic acid rather than its polyphenol content. In contrast, fish oils from tuna or an ω-3 supplement dramatically increased meat lipid peroxidation from 96.2 ± 3.6 to 514.2 ± 6.7 μM MDA. Vitamin E inhibited meat lipid peroxidation in the presence of olive oil but paradoxically increased peroxidation in the presence of fish oil. The inhibitory properties of oleic acid may play a key role in the health benefits of the Mediterranean diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Adi Shpaizer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Joseph Kanner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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32
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New perspectives on bioactivity of olive oil: evidence from animal models, human interventions and the use of urinary proteomic biomarkers. Proc Nutr Soc 2015; 74:268-81. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665115002323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil (OO) is the primary source of fat in the Mediterranean diet and has been associated with longevity and a lower incidence of chronic diseases, particularly CHD. Cardioprotective effects of OO consumption have been widely related with improved lipoprotein profile, endothelial function and inflammation, linked to health claims of oleic acid and phenolic content of OO. With CVD being a leading cause of death worldwide, a review of the potential mechanisms underpinning the impact of OO in the prevention of disease is warranted. The current body of evidence relies on mechanistic studies involving animal and cell-based models, epidemiological studies of OO intake and risk factor, small- and large-scale human interventions, and the emerging use of novel biomarker techniques associated with disease risk. Although model systems are important for mechanistic research nutrition, methodologies and experimental designs with strong translational value are still lacking. The present review critically appraises the available evidence to date, with particular focus on emerging novel biomarkers for disease risk assessment. New perspectives on OO research are outlined, especially those with scope to clarify key mechanisms by which OO consumption exerts health benefits. The use of urinary proteomic biomarkers, as highly specific disease biomarkers, is highlighted towards a higher translational approach involving OO in nutritional recommendations.
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33
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López de las Hazas MC, Rubió L, Kotronoulas A, de la Torre R, Solà R, Motilva MJ. Dose effect on the uptake and accumulation of hydroxytyrosol and its metabolites in target tissues in rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1395-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Carmen López de las Hazas
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Laura Rubió
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
| | - Aristotelis Kotronoulas
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurociences Research Group; IMIM-Institut, Hospital del Mar d'Investigaciones Mèdiques, Barcelona; Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurociences Research Group; IMIM-Institut, Hospital del Mar d'Investigaciones Mèdiques, Barcelona; Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group; REGICOR Study Group, IMIM-Research Institute Hospital del Mar; Barcelona Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Unitat de Recerca en Lípids i Arteriosclerosis; CIBERDEM, St. Joan de Reus University Hospital, IISPV, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Reus Spain
| | - Maria-José Motilva
- Food Technology Department; Agrotecnio Research Center, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, University of Lleida; Lleida Spain
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34
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Pérez-Mañá C, Farré M, Pujadas M, Mustata C, Menoyo E, Pastor A, Langohr K, de la Torre R. Ethanol induces hydroxytyrosol formation in humans. Pharmacol Res 2015; 95-96:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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35
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Pérez-Mañá C, Farré M, Rodríguez-Morató J, Papaseit E, Pujadas M, Fitó M, Robledo P, Covas MI, Cheynier V, Meudec E, Escudier JL, de la Torre R. Moderate consumption of wine, through both its phenolic compounds and alcohol content, promotes hydroxytyrosol endogenous generation in humans. A randomized controlled trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1213-6. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Pérez-Mañá
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Pharmacology; Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona; Cerdanyola Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Pharmacology; Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona; Cerdanyola Spain
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - Esther Papaseit
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Department of Pharmacology; Therapeutics and Toxicology, Autonomous University of Barcelona; Cerdanyola Spain
| | - Mitona Pujadas
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
| | - Patricia Robledo
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - Maria-Isabel Covas
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Epidemiology Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- NUPROAS Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB); Nacka Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Rafael de la Torre
- Human Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences Research Group; Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute); Barcelona Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición; Santiago de Compostela; Spain
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36
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Giordano E, Dangles O, Rakotomanomana N, Baracchini S, Visioli F. 3-O-Hydroxytyrosol glucuronide and 4-O-hydroxytyrosol glucuronide reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress in vitro. Food Funct 2015; 6:3275-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00562k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is important for atherosclerosis development and is mediated by the unfolded protein response (UPR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Giordano
- Laboratory of Functional Foods
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) – Food
- UAM+CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
| | | | | | - Silvia Baracchini
- Laboratory of Functional Foods
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) – Food
- UAM+CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) – Food
- UAM+CSIC
- Madrid
- Spain
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37
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Rigacci S. Olive Oil Phenols as Promising Multi-targeting Agents Against Alzheimer's Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 863:1-20. [PMID: 26092624 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18365-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid diseases are characterized by the deposition of typically aggregated proteins/peptides in tissues, associated with degeneration and progressive functional impairment. Alzheimer's disease is one of the most studied neurodegenerative amyloid diseases and, in Western countries, a significant cause of dementia in the elderly. The so-called "Mediterranean diet" has been considered for long as the healthier dietary regimen, characterised by a great abundance in vegetables and fruits, extra virgin olive oil as the main source of fat, a moderate consumption of red wine and a reduced intake of proteins from red meat. Recent epidemiological studies support the efficacy of the Mediterranean diet not only against cardiovascular and cancer diseases (as previously demonstrated) but also against the cognitive decline associated with ageing, and several data are highlighting the role played by natural phenols, of which red wine and extra virgin olive oil are rich, in such context. In the meantime, studies conducted both in vivo and in vitro have started to reveal the great potential of the phenolic component of extra virgin olive oil (mainly oleuropein aglycone and oleocanthal) in counteracting amyloid aggregation and toxicity, with a particular emphasis on the pathways involved in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease: amyloid precursor protein processing, amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and tau aggregation, autophagy impairment, neuroinflammation. The aim of this review is to summarize the results of such research efforts, showing how the action of these phenols goes far beyond their renowned antioxidant activity and revealing their potential as multi-targeting agents against Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Rigacci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy,
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38
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Silva S, Sepodes B, Rocha J, Direito R, Fernandes A, Brites D, Freitas M, Fernandes E, Bronze MR, Figueira ME. Protective effects of hydroxytyrosol-supplemented refined olive oil in animal models of acute inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 26:360-8. [PMID: 25620693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Virgin olive oil is the primary source of fat in the Mediterranean diet, and its beneficial health effects have been related with oleic acid and phenolic compounds content. Hydroxytyrosol, a typical virgin olive oil phenolic compound, has beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as previously reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroxytyrosol-supplemented refined olive oil at 0.5 and 5 mg/kg in a rodent model of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis was induced by intradermic administration, in male Wistar rats, of Freund's adjuvant with collagen type II on days 1 and 21. Hydroxytyrosol-supplemented refined olive oils were administrated by gavage from day 23 until day 35. The treatment at 5-mg/kg dose significantly decreased paw edema (P<.01), histological damage, cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and markedly reduced the degree of bone resorption, soft tissue swelling and osteophyte formation, improving articular function in treated animals. Acute inflammation, induced by carrageenan, was also evaluated for hydroxytyrosol-supplemented refined olive oils at 0.5 and 5 mg/kg. Both doses significantly reduced paw edema (P<.001). Our results suggest that the supplementation of refined olive oil with hydroxytyrosol may be advantageous in rheumatoid arthritis with significant impact not only on chronic inflammation but also on acute inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Silva
- Ibet, Avenida da República, Quinta-do-Marquês, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; Itqb, Estação Agronómica Nacional, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - B Sepodes
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; iMED.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Rocha
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; iMED.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - R Direito
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; iMED.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Fernandes
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; iMED.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - D Brites
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; iMED.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Freitas
- Requimte, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - E Fernandes
- Requimte, Laboratório de Química Aplicada, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - M R Bronze
- Ibet, Avenida da República, Quinta-do-Marquês, Estação Agronómica Nacional, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; Itqb, Estação Agronómica Nacional, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M E Figueira
- Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; iMED.ULisboa, Research Institute for Medicines, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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39
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Vilaplana-Pérez C, Auñón D, García-Flores LA, Gil-Izquierdo A. Hydroxytyrosol and potential uses in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and AIDS. Front Nutr 2014; 1:18. [PMID: 25988120 PMCID: PMC4428486 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2014.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol is one of the main phenolic components of olive oil. It is present in the fruit and leaf of the olive (Olea europaea L.). During the past decades, it has been well documented that this phenolic compound has health benefits and a protective action has been found in preclinical studies against several diseases. Here, we review its bioavailability in human beings and several assays showing significant results related with cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Mechanisms of action include potent anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, among others. The importance of hydroxytyrosol in protection of low-density lipoproteins and consequently its implication in the reduction of cardiovascular disease risk has been highlighted by the European Food Safety Authority, concluding that 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol and its derivatives should be consumed daily to reach this effect at physiological level. We discuss the potential uses of this compound in supplements, nutraceutic foods, or topical formulations in the disease risk reduction. Finally, we conclude that more studies are needed to sustain or reject many other health claims not yet fully documented and to validate these newly available hydroxytyrosol-based products, because it seems to be a good candidate to reduce the risk of diseases mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vilaplana-Pérez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC , Murcia , Spain
| | - David Auñón
- Department of Research and Development, Seprox BIOTECH, S.L. , Madrid , Spain
| | - Libia A García-Flores
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC , Murcia , Spain
| | - Angel Gil-Izquierdo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura, CSIC , Murcia , Spain
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40
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Scoditti E, Capurso C, Capurso A, Massaro M. Vascular effects of the Mediterranean diet-part II: role of omega-3 fatty acids and olive oil polyphenols. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 63:127-34. [PMID: 25446163 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The lower occurrence of cardiovascular disease and cancer in populations around the Mediterranean basin as detected in the 1950s was correctly attributed to the peculiar dietary habits of those populations. Essentially, until the mid-20th century, typical Mediterranean diets were rich in fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole-wheat bread, nuts, fish, and, as a common culinary trait, the routine use of extra-virgin olive oil. Nowadays, the regular adoption of such dietary patterns is still thought to result in healthful benefits. Such patterns ensure the assumption of molecules with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions, among which ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), ω-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid), and phenolic compounds. The aim of this review is to provide an update of the vasculo-protective pathways mediated by ω-3 PUFAs and polyphenols in the context of the modern Mediterranean dietary habits, including the possible cross-talk and synergy between these typical components. This review complements a parallel one focusing on the role of dietary nitrates and alimentary fats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Cristiano Capurso
- Dept. of Medical and Surgical Science, Section on Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Foggia, Italy.
| | - Antonio Capurso
- Faculty of Medicine, Section of Geriatrics and Gerontology, University of Bari, Italy.
| | - Marika Massaro
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy.
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Stefani M, Rigacci S. Beneficial properties of natural phenols: highlight on protection against pathological conditions associated with amyloid aggregation. Biofactors 2014; 40:482-93. [PMID: 24890399 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mediterranean and Asian diets are currently considered as the most healthy traditional feeding habits effective against risk of age-associated, particularly cardiovascular and neurodegenerative, diseases. A common feature of these two regimens is the abundance of foods and beverages of plant origin (green tea, extra virgin olive oil, red wine, spices, berries, and aromatic herbs) that are considered responsible for the observed beneficial effects. Epidemiological data suggest that the phenolic component remarkably enriched in these foods plays an important role in reducing the incidence of amyloid diseases, pathological conditions associated to tissue deposition of toxic protein aggregates responsible for progressive functional deterioration. Great effort is being spent to provide knowledge on the effects of several natural phenols in this context, moving from the test tube to animal models and, more slowly, to the patient's bed. An emerging feature that makes these molecules increasingly attractive for amyloid disease prevention and therapy is their wide spectrum of activity: recent pieces of evidence suggest that they can inhibit the production of amyloidogenic peptides from precursors, increase antioxidant enzyme activity, activate autophagy and reduce inflammation. Our concept should than shift from considering natural phenols simply as antioxidants or, at the best, as amyloid aggregation inhibitors, to describing them as potentially multitargeting drugs. A main concern is the low bioavailability of such compounds and efforts aimed at improving it are underway, with encapsulation strategies being the most promising ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Stefani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio,", University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Research Centre on the Molecular Basis of Neurodegeneration, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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42
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Extra virgin olive oil phenols down-regulate lipid synthesis in primary-cultured rat-hepatocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:683-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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43
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Dose-dependent metabolic disposition of hydroxytyrosol and formation of mercapturates in rats. Pharmacol Res 2013; 77:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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García-Villalba R, Larrosa M, Possemiers S, Tomás-Barberán FA, Espín JC. Bioavailability of phenolics from an oleuropein-rich olive (Olea europaea) leaf extract and its acute effect on plasma antioxidant status: comparison between pre- and postmenopausal women. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:1015-27. [PMID: 24158653 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0604-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical studies suggest a potential protective effect of oleuropein in osteoporosis, and one of the proposed mechanisms is the modulation of the oxidative stress. Oleuropein bioavailability and its effect on antioxidant status in pre- and postmenopausal women are unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the oral bioavailability of an olive leaf extract rich in oleuropein (40 %) and its effect on antioxidant status in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. METHODS Premenopausal (n = 8) and postmenopausal women (n = 8) received 250 mg of olive leaf extract, blood samples (t = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 24 h) were taken, and 24-h urine divided into five fractions was collected. Olive-leaf-extract-derived metabolites were analyzed in plasma and urine by HPLC-ESI-QTOF and UPLC-ESI-QqQ, and pharmacokinetics parameters were determined. Ferric reducing antioxidant ability and malondialdehyde levels were measured in plasma. RESULTS Plasma levels of hydroxytyrosol glucuronide, hydroxytyrosol sulfate, oleuropein aglycon glucuronide and oleuropein aglycon derivative 1 were higher in postmenopausal women. MDA levels were significantly decreased (32%) in postmenopausal women and inversely correlated with hydroxytyrosol sulfate levels. Postmenopausal women excreted less sulfated metabolites in urine than premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that postmenopausal women could be a target population for the intake of olive phenolics in order to prevent age-related and oxidative stress-related processes such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R García-Villalba
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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45
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de Bock M, Thorstensen EB, Derraik JGB, Henderson HV, Hofman PL, Cutfield WS. Human absorption and metabolism of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol ingested as olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extract. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:2079-85. [PMID: 23766098 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds derived from the olive plant (Olea europaea L.), particularly hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein, have many beneficial effects in vitro. Olive leaves are the richest source of olive phenolic compounds, and olive leaf extract (OLE) is now a popular nutraceutical taken either as liquid or capsules. To quantify the bioavailability and metabolism of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol when taken as OLE, nine volunteers (five males) aged 42.8 ± 7.4 years were randomized to receive either capsulated or liquid OLE as a single lower (51.1 mg oleuropein, 9.7 mg hydroxytyrosol) or higher (76.6 mg oleuropein, 14.5 mg hydroxytyrosol) dose, and then the opposite strength (but same formulation) a week later. Plasma and urine samples were collected at fixed intervals for 24 h post-ingestion. Phenolic content was analyzed by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Conjugated metabolites of hydroxytyrosol were the primary metabolites recovered in plasma and urine after OLE ingestion. Peak oleuropein concentrations in plasma were greater following ingestion of liquid than capsule preparations (0.47 versus 2.74 ng/mL; p = 0.004), but no such effect was observed for peak concentrations of conjugated (sulfated and glucuronidated) hydroxytyrosol (p = 0.94). However, the latter peak was reached earlier with liquid preparation (93 versus 64 min; p = 0.031). There was a gender effect on the bioavailability of phenolic compounds, with males displaying greater plasma area under the curve for conjugated hydroxytyrosol (11,600 versus 2550 ng/mL; p = 0.048). All conjugated hydroxytyrosol metabolites were recovered in the urine within 8 h. There was wide inter-individual variation. OLE effectively delivers oleuropein and hydroxytrosol metabolites to plasma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin de Bock
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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46
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47
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Sánchez-Fidalgo S, Sánchez de Ibargüen L, Cárdeno A, Alarcón de la Lastra C. Influence of extra virgin olive oil diet enriched with hydroxytyrosol in a chronic DSS colitis model. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:497-506. [PMID: 21874330 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent epidemiological studies have shown that habitual consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), the characteristic culinary fat of the Mediterranean area, is effective in the prevention of diverse types of digestive disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease. Many of these benefits are, in addition to its high proportion of oleic acid, due to the high content of phenolic compounds. METHODS Six-week-old mice were randomized into three dietary groups: standard, EVOO and hydroxytyrosol-enriched EVOO. After 30 days, mice that were exposed to 3% DSS for 5 days developed acute colitis that progressed to severe chronic inflammation during a regime of 21 days of water. RESULTS Diets enriched with EVOO significantly attenuated the clinical and histological signs of damage, improving results from disease activity index and reducing about 50% the mortality caused by DSS. Moreover, hydroxytyrosol supplement showed better results. Cytokines study showed that TNF-α was maintained near to sham control and IL-10 levels were significantly improved in EVOO and EVOO plus hydroxytyrosol diet-DSS groups. In the same way, COX-2 and iNOS were downregulated, and the activation of p38 MAPK was reduced. We also observed a higher significant reduction in iNOS in hydroxytyrosol-enriched EVOO compared with EVOO alone. CONCLUSIONS EVOO diets exerted a noteworthy beneficial effect in chronic DSS-induced colitis by cytokine modulation and COX-2 and iNOS reduction via downregulation of p38 MAPK. In addition to the beneficial effect by EVOO, supplementation of the diet with hydroxytyrosol may improve chronic colitis through iNOS downregulation plus its antioxidant capacity.
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48
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Deiana M, Incani A, Rosa A, Atzeri A, Loru D, Cabboi B, Paola Melis M, Lucas R, Morales JC, Assunta Dessì M. Hydroxytyrosol glucuronides protect renal tubular epithelial cells against H(2)O(2) induced oxidative damage. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 193:232-9. [PMID: 21798251 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol; HT), the most active ortho-diphenolic compound, present either in free or esterified form in extravirgin olive oil, is extensively metabolized in vivo mainly to O-methylated, O-sulfated and glucuronide metabolites. We investigated the capacity of three glucuronide metabolites of HT, 3'-O-β-d-glucuronide and 4'-O-β-d-glucuronide derivatives and 2-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)ethanol-1-O-β-d-glucuronide, in comparison with the parent compound, to inhibit H(2)O(2) induced oxidative damage and cell death in LLC-PK1 cells, a porcine kidney epithelial cell line. H(2)O(2) treatment exerted a toxic effect inducing cell death, interacting selectively within the pro-death extracellular-signal relate kinase (ERK 1/2) and the pro-survival Akt/PKB signaling pathways. It also produced direct oxidative damage initiating the membrane lipid peroxidation process. None of the tested glucuronides exhibited any protection against the loss in renal cell viability. They also failed to prevent the changes in the phosphorylation states of ERK and Akt, probably reflecting their inability to enter the cells, while HT was highly effective. Notably, pretreatment with glucuronides exerted a protective effect at the highest concentration tested against membrane oxidative damage, comparable to that of HT: the formation of malondialdehyde, fatty acid hydroperoxides and 7-ketocholesterol was significantly inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Deiana
- Dipartimento di Biologia Sperimentale, Sezione di Patologia Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Italy.
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