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Leow JWH, Chan ECY. CYP2J2-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid in heart: A review of its kinetics, inhibition and role in heart rhythm control. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 258:108637. [PMID: 38521247 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2 J2 (CYP2J2) is primarily expressed extrahepatically and is the predominant epoxygenase in human cardiac tissues. This highlights its key role in the metabolism of endogenous substrates. Significant scientific interest lies in cardiac CYP2J2 metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, to regioisomeric bioactive epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) metabolites that show cardioprotective effects including regulation of cardiac electrophysiology. From an in vitro perspective, the accurate characterization of the kinetics of CYP2J2 metabolism of AA including its inhibition and inactivation by drugs could be useful in facilitating in vitro-in vivo extrapolations to predict drug-AA interactions in drug discovery and development. In this review, background information on the structure, regulation and expression of CYP2J2 in human heart is presented alongside AA and EETs as its endogenous substrate and metabolites. The in vitro and in vivo implications of the kinetics of this endogenous metabolic pathway as well as its perturbation via inhibition and inactivation by drugs are elaborated. Additionally, the role of CYP2J2-mediated metabolism of AA to EETs in cardiac electrophysiology will be expounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Wen Hui Leow
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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2
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Wiley AM, Yang J, Madhani R, Nath A, Totah RA. Investigating the association between CYP2J2 inhibitors and QT prolongation: a literature review. Drug Metab Rev 2024; 56:145-163. [PMID: 38478383 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2024.2329928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Drug withdrawal post-marketing due to cardiotoxicity is a major concern for drug developers, regulatory agencies, and patients. One common mechanism of cardiotoxicity is through inhibition of cardiac ion channels, leading to prolongation of the QT interval and sometimes fatal arrythmias. Recently, oxylipin signaling compounds have been shown to bind to and alter ion channel function, and disruption in their cardiac levels may contribute to QT prolongation. Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) is the predominant CYP isoform expressed in cardiomyocytes, where it oxidizes arachidonic acid to cardioprotective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). In addition to roles in vasodilation and angiogenesis, EETs bind to and activate various ion channels. CYP2J2 inhibition can lower EET levels and decrease their ability to preserve cardiac rhythm. In this review, we investigated the ability of known CYP inhibitors to cause QT prolongation using Certara's Drug Interaction Database. We discovered that among the multiple CYP isozymes, CYP2J2 inhibitors were more likely to also be QT-prolonging drugs (by approximately 2-fold). We explored potential binding interactions between these inhibitors and CYP2J2 using molecular docking and identified four amino acid residues (Phe61, Ala223, Asn231, and Leu402) predicted to interact with QT-prolonging drugs. The four residues are located near the opening of egress channel 2, highlighting the potential importance of this channel in CYP2J2 binding and inhibition. These findings suggest that if a drug inhibits CYP2J2 and interacts with one of these four residues, then it may have a higher risk of QT prolongation and more preclinical studies are warranted to assess cardiovascular safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Wiley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of WA School of Pharmacy, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jade Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of WA School of Pharmacy, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rivcka Madhani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of WA School of Pharmacy, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Abhinav Nath
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of WA School of Pharmacy, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of WA School of Pharmacy, Seattle, WA, USA
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3
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Kingston E, Tingle M, Bellissima BL, Helsby N, Burns K. CYP-catalysed cycling of clozapine and clozapine- N-oxide promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species in vitro. Xenobiotica 2024; 54:26-37. [PMID: 38108307 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2294473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Clozapine is an effective atypical antipsychotic indicated for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but is under-prescribed due to the risk of severe adverse drug reactions such as myocarditis.A mechanistic understanding of clozapine cardiotoxicity remains elusive.This study aimed to investigate the contribution of selected CYP isoforms to cycling between clozapine and its major circulating metabolites, N-desmethylclozapine and clozapine-N-oxide, with the potential for reactive species production.CYP supersome™-based in vitro techniques were utilised to quantify specific enzyme activity associated with clozapine, clozapine-N-oxide and N-desmethylclozapine metabolism.The formation of reactive species within each incubation were quantified, and known intermediates detected.CYP3A4 predominately catalysed clozapine-N-oxide formation from clozapine and was associated with concentration-dependent reactive species production, whereas isoforms favouring the N-desmethylclozapine pathway (CYP2C19 and CYP1A2) did not produce reactive species.Extrahepatic isoforms CYP2J2 and CYP1B1 were also associated with the formation of clozapine-N-oxide and N-desmethylclozapine but did not favour one metabolic pathway over another.Unique to this investigation is that various CYP isoforms catalyse clozapine-N-oxide reduction to clozapine.This process was associated with the concentration-dependent formation of reactive species with CYP3A4, CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 that did not correlate with known reactive intermediates, implicating metabolite cycling and reactive oxygen species in the mechanism of clozapine-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Kingston
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Malcolm Tingle
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brandi L Bellissima
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nuala Helsby
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn Burns
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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4
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Zou LL, Zhao FL, Qi YY, Wang SH, Zhou Q, Geng PW, Zhou YF, Zhang Q, Chen H, Dai DP, Cai JP, Ji FS. Characterization of 15 CYP2J2 variants identified in the Chinese Han population on the metabolism of ebastine and terfenadine in vitro. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186824. [PMID: 37288113 PMCID: PMC10242136 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene can significantly influence the metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds. However, few studies have focused on the polymorphism of CYP2J2 and its impact on drug catalytic activity, especially in the Chinese Han population. In this study, we sequenced the promoter and exon regions of CYP2J2 in 1,163 unrelated healthy Chinese Han individuals using the multiplex PCR amplicon sequencing method. Then, the catalytic activities of the detected CYP2J2 variants were evaluated after recombinant expression in S. cerevisiae microsomes. As a result, CYP2J2*7, CYP2J2*8, 13 variations in the promoter region and 15 CYP2J2 nonsynonymous variants were detected, of which V15A, G24R, V68A, L166F and A391T were novel missense variations. Immunoblotting results showed that 11 of 15 CYP2J2 variants exhibited lower protein expression than wild-type CYP2J2.1. In vitro functional analysis results revealed that the amino acid changes of 14 variants could significantly influence the drug metabolic activity of CYP2J2 toward ebastine or terfenadine. Specifically, 4 variants with relatively higher allele frequencies, CYP2J2.8, 173_173del, K267fs and R446W, exhibited extremely low protein expression and defective catalytic activities for both substrates. Our results indicated that a high genetic polymorphism of CYP2J2 could be detected in the Chinese Han population, and most genetic variations in CYP2J2 could influence the expression and catalytic activity of CYP2J2. Our data significantly enrich the knowledge of genetic polymorphisms in CYP2J2 and provide new theoretical information for corresponding individualized medication in Chinese and other Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Ling Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ying Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang-Hu Wang
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Pei-Wu Geng
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhou
- The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Lishui, Lishui, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Peng Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sui Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Leow JWH, Gu Y, Chan ECY. Investigating the relevance of CYP2J2 inhibition for drugs known to cause intermediate to high risk torsades de pointes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 187:106475. [PMID: 37225005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) metabolizes endogenous polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid (AA), to bioactive regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) metabolites. This endogenous metabolic pathway has been postulated to play a homeostatic role in cardiac electrophysiology. However, it is unknown if drugs that cause intermediate to high risk torsades de pointes (TdP) exhibit inhibitory effects against CYP2J2 metabolism of AA to EETs. In this study, we demonstrated that 11 out of 16 drugs screened with intermediate to high risk of TdP as defined by the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative are concurrently reversible inhibitors of CYP2J2 metabolism of AA, with unbound inhibitory constant (Ki,AA,u) values ranging widely from 0.132 to 19.9 µM. To understand the physiological relevancy of Ki,AA,u, the in vivo unbound drug concentration within human heart tissue (Cu,heart) was calculated via experimental determination of in vitro unbound partition coefficient (Kpuu) for 10 CYP2J2 inhibitors using AC16 human ventricular cardiomyocytes as well as literature-derived values of fraction unbound in plasma (fu,p) and plasma drug concentrations in clinical scenarios leading to TdP. Notably, all CYP2J2 inhibitors screened belonging to the high TdP risk category, namely vandetanib and bepridil, exhibited highest Kpuu values of 18.2 ± 1.39 and 7.48 ± 1.16 respectively although no clear relationship between Cu,heart and risk of TdP could eventually be determined. R values based on basic models of reversible inhibition as per FDA guidelines were calculated using unbound plasma drug concentrations (Cu,plasma) and adapted using Cu,heart which suggested that 4 out of 10 CYP2J2 inhibitors with intermediate to high risk of TdP demonstrate greatest potential for clinically relevant in vivo cardiac drug-AA interactions. Our results shed novel insights on the relevance of CYP2J2 inhibition in drugs with risk of TdP. Further studies ascertaining the role of CYP2J2 metabolism of AA in cardiac electrophysiology, characterizing inherent cardiac ion channel activities of drugs with risk of TdP as well as in vivo evidence of drug-AA interactions will be required prior to determining if CYP2J2 inhibition could be an alternative mechanism contributing to drug-induced TdP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Wen Hui Leow
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543
| | - Yuxiang Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543.
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6
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Salim H, Jones AM. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and manufacturing contamination: A retrospective National Register Study into suspected associated adverse drug reactions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:4812-4827. [PMID: 35585835 PMCID: PMC9796460 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to determine if any suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) observed with the use of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) could be linked to either (a) their unique respective physicochemical and pharmacological profiles and (b) the recently disclosed suspected carcinogenic manufacturing contaminants found in certain sartan drug class batches. METHODS The pharmacology profiles of ARBs were data-mined from the Chemical Database of bioactive molecules with drug-like properties, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (ChEMBL). Suspected ADR data (from 01/2016-10/2022, inclusive) and prescribing rates of ARBs over a 5-year prescribing window (from 09/2016 to 08/2021, inclusive) were obtained via analysis of the United Kingdom Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Authority (MHRA) Yellow Card drug analysis profile and Open prescribing databases, respectively. RESULTS The overall suspected ADRs and fatalities per 100 000 prescriptions identified across the ARBs studied were found to be different between the sartan drug class members (chi-squared test, P < .05). There is a greater relative rate of reports for valsartan across all investigated organ classes of ADRs, than other ARBs, despite valsartan's more limited pharmacological profile and similar physicochemical properties to other sartans. The disparity in ADR reporting rates with valsartan vs other ARBs could be due to the dissimilarity in formulation excipients, patient factors and publicity surrounding batch contaminations, amongst others. Cancer-related ADRs and fatalities per 100 000 prescriptions identified across the ARBs studied are not statistically significant (chi-squared test, P > .05) based on the datasets used over the 5-year period. CONCLUSION No connection between ARB pharmacology and their suspected ADRs could be found. No conclusion between sartan batch contaminations and increased suspected cancer-related ADRs was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamisha Salim
- Medicines Safety Research Group (MSRG), School of PharmacyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Alan M. Jones
- Medicines Safety Research Group (MSRG), School of PharmacyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a superfamily of monooxygenases with diverse biological roles. CYP2J2 is an isozyme highly expressed in the heart where it metabolizes endogenous substrates such as N-3/N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to produce lipid mediators involved in homeostasis and cardioprotective responses. Expanding our knowledge of the role CYP2J2 has within the heart is important for understanding its impact on cardiac health and disease. AREAS COVERED The objective of this review was to assess the state of knowledge regarding cardiac CYP2J2. A literature search was conducted using PubMed-MEDLINE (from 2022 and earlier) to evaluate relevant studies regarding CYP2J2 mediated cardioprotection, small molecule modulators, effects of CYP2J2 substrates toward biologically relevant effects and implications of CYP2J2 polymorphisms and sexual dimorphism in the heart. EXPERT OPINION Cardiac CYP2J2-mediated metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substrates have been shown to impact cardiac function. Identifying individual factors, like sex and age, that affect CYP2J2 require further elucidation to better understand CYP2J2's clinical relevance. Resolving the biological targets and activities of CYP2J2-derived PUFA metabolites will be necessary to safely target CYP2J2 and design novel analogues. Targeting CYP2J2 for therapeutic aims offers a potential novel approach to regulating cardiac homeostasis, drug metabolism and cardioprotection.
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8
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Willems S, Merk D. Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Nurr1 Modulators: An Emerging Strategy in Neurodegeneration. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9548-9563. [PMID: 35797147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor related 1 (Nurr1) is a transcription factor with neuroprotective and antineuroinflammatory properties. Observations from genetic studies and human patients support potential of Nurr1 as a therapeutic target in neurodegeneration, but due to a lack of high-quality chemical tools for pharmacological control of Nurr1, its target validation is pending. Nevertheless, considerable progress has recently been made in elucidating structural and functional characteristics of Nurr1, and several ligand scaffolds have been discovered. Here, we analyze Nurr1's structure and mechanisms compared to other nuclear receptors, summarize the known small molecule Nurr1 ligands, and discuss the available evidence for the therapeutic potential of Nurr1 in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Willems
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Zaienne D, Willems S, Schierle S, Heering J, Merk D. Development and Profiling of Inverse Agonist Tools for the Neuroprotective Transcription Factor Nurr1. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15126-15140. [PMID: 34633810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ligand-sensing transcription factor nuclear receptor related 1 (Nurr1) evolves as an appealing target to treat neurodegenerative diseases. Despite its therapeutic potential observed in various rodent models, potent modulators for Nurr1 are lacking as pharmacological tools. Here, we report the structure-activity relationship and systematic optimization of indole-based inverse Nurr1 agonists. Optimized analogues decreased the receptor's intrinsic transcriptional activity by up to more than 90% and revealed preference for inhibiting Nurr1 monomer activity. In orthogonal cell-free settings, we detected displacement of NCoRs and disruption of the Nurr1 homodimer as molecular modes of action. The inverse Nurr1 agonists reduced the expression of Nurr1-regulated genes in T98G cells, and treatment with an inverse Nurr1 agonist mimicked the effect of Nurr1 silencing on interleukin-6 release from LPS-stimulated human astrocytes. The indole-based inverse Nurr1 agonists valuably extend the toolbox of Nurr1 modulators to further probe the role of Nurr1 in neuroinflammation, cancer, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zaienne
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sabine Willems
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Schierle
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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10
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Kahma H, Aurinsalo L, Neuvonen M, Katajamäki J, Paludetto MN, Viinamäki J, Launiainen T, Filppula AM, Tornio A, Niemi M, Backman JT. An automated cocktail method for in vitro assessment of direct and time-dependent inhibition of nine major cytochrome P450 enzymes - application to establishing CYP2C8 inhibitor selectivity. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105810. [PMID: 33753217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We developed an in vitro high-throughput cocktail assay with nine major drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes, optimized for screening of time-dependent inhibition. The method was applied to determine the selectivity of the time-dependent CYP2C8 inhibitors gemfibrozil 1-O-β-glucuronide and clopidogrel acyl-β-D-glucuronide. In vitro incubations with CYP selective probe substrates and pooled human liver microsomes were conducted in 96-well plates with automated liquid handler techniques and metabolite concentrations were measured with quantitative UHPLC-MS/MS analysis. After determination of inter-substrate interactions and Km values for each reaction, probe substrates were divided into cocktails I (tacrine/CYP1A2, bupropion/CYP2B6, amodiaquine/CYP2C8, tolbutamide/CYP2C9 and midazolam/CYP3A4/5) and II (coumarin/CYP2A6, S-mephenytoin/CYP2C19, dextromethorphan/CYP2D6 and astemizole/CYP2J2). Time-dependent inhibitors (furafylline/CYP1A2, selegiline/CYP2A6, clopidogrel/CYP2B6, gemfibrozil 1-O-β-glucuronide/CYP2C8, tienilic acid/CYP2C9, ticlopidine/CYP2C19, paroxetine/CYP2D6 and ritonavir/CYP3A) and direct inhibitor (terfenadine/CYP2J2) showed similar inhibition with single substrate and cocktail methods. Established time-dependent inhibitors caused IC50 fold shifts ranging from 2.2 to 30 with the cocktail method. Under time-dependent inhibition conditions, gemfibrozil 1-O-β-glucuronide was a strong (>90% inhibition) and selective (<< 20% inhibition of other CYPs) inhibitor of CYP2C8 at concentrations ranging from 60 to 300 μM, while the selectivity of clopidogrel acyl-β-D-glucuronide was limited at concentrations above its IC80 for CYP2C8. The time-dependent IC50 values of these glucuronides for CYP2C8 were 8.1 and 38 µM, respectively. In conclusion, a reliable cocktail method including the nine most important drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes was developed, optimized and validated for detecting time-dependent inhibition. Moreover, gemfibrozil 1-O-β-glucuronide was established as a selective inhibitor of CYP2C8 for use as a diagnostic inhibitor in in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helinä Kahma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Aurinsalo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Neuvonen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Katajamäki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie-Noëlle Paludetto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Viinamäki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Terhi Launiainen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Filppula
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksi Tornio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne T Backman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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11
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Leow JWH, Verma RK, Lim ABH, Fan H, Chan ECY. Atypical kinetics of cytochrome P450 2J2: Epoxidation of arachidonic acid and reversible inhibition by xenobiotic inhibitors. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 164:105889. [PMID: 34044117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extrahepatic CYP2J2 metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) to bioactive regioisomeric epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) is implicated in both physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we aimed to characterize atypical substrate inhibition kinetics of this endogenous metabolic pathway and its reversible inhibition by xenobiotic inhibitors when AA is used as the physiologically-relevant substrate vis-à-vis conventional probe substrate astemizole (AST). As compared to typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics observed for AST, complete substrate inhibition was observed for CYP2J2 metabolism of AA to 14,15-EET whereby velocity of the reaction declined significantly at concentrations of AA above 20-30 µM with an estimated substrate inhibition constant (Ks) of 31 µM. In silico sequential docking of two AA substrates to orthosteric (OBS) and adjacent secondary binding sites (SBS) within a 3-dimensional homology model of CYP2J2 revealed favorable and comparable binding poses of glide-scores -3.1 and -3.8 respectively. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations ascertained CYP2J2 conformational stability with dual AA substrate binding as time-dependent root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of protein Cα atoms and ligand heavy atoms stabilized to a plateau in all but one trajectory (n=6). The distance between heme-iron and ω6 (C14, C15) double bond of AA in OBS also increased from 7.5 ± 1.4 Å to 8.5 ± 1.8 Å when CYP2J2 was simulated with only AA in OBS versus the presence of AA in both OBS and SBS (p<0.001), supporting the observed in vitro substrate inhibition phenomenon. Poor correlation was observed between inhibitory constants (Ki) determined for a panel of nine competitive and mixed mode xenobiotic inhibitors against CYP2J2 metabolism of AA as compared to AST, whereby 4 out of 9 drugs had a greater than 5-fold difference between Ki values. Nonlinear Eadie-Hofstee plots illustrated that complete substrate inhibition of CYP2J2 by AA was not attenuated even at high concentrations of xenobiotic inhibitors which further corroborates that CYP2J2 may accommodate three or more ligands simultaneously. In light of the atypical kinetics, our results highlight the importance of using physiologically-relevant substrates in in vitro enzymatic inhibition assays for the characterization of xenobiotic-endobiotic interactions which is applicable to other complex endogenous metabolic pathways beyond CYP2J2 metabolism of AA to EETs. The accurate determination of Ki would further facilitate the association of xenobiotic-endobiotic interactions to observed therapeutic or toxic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Wen Hui Leow
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Amos Boon Hao Lim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543.
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12
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Yu X, Chu Z, Li J, He R, Wang Y, Cheng C. Pharmacokinetic Drug-drug Interaction of Antibiotics Used in Sepsis Care in China. Curr Drug Metab 2021; 22:5-23. [PMID: 32990533 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221666200929115117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many antibiotics have a high potential for interactions with drugs, as a perpetrator and/or victim, in critically ill patients, and particularly in sepsis patients. METHODS The aim of this review is to summarize the pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction (DDI) of 45 antibiotics commonly used in sepsis care in China. Literature search was conducted to obtain human pharmacokinetics/ dispositions of the antibiotics, their interactions with drug-metabolizing enzymes or transporters, and their associated clinical drug interactions. Potential DDI is indicated by a DDI index ≥ 0.1 for inhibition or a treatedcell/ untreated-cell ratio of enzyme activity being ≥ 2 for induction. RESULTS The literature-mined information on human pharmacokinetics of the identified antibiotics and their potential drug interactions is summarized. CONCLUSION Antibiotic-perpetrated drug interactions, involving P450 enzyme inhibition, have been reported for four lipophilic antibacterials (ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) and three antifungals (fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole). In addition, seven hydrophilic antibacterials (ceftriaxone, cefamandole, piperacillin, penicillin G, amikacin, metronidazole, and linezolid) inhibit drug transporters in vitro. Despite no clinical PK drug interactions with the transporters, caution is advised in the use of these antibacterials. Eight hydrophilic antibiotics (all β-lactams; meropenem, cefotaxime, cefazolin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, penicillin G, ampicillin, and flucloxacillin), are potential victims of drug interactions due to transporter inhibition. Rifampin is reported to perpetrate drug interactions by inducing CYP3A or inhibiting OATP1B; it is also reported to be a victim of drug interactions, due to the dual inhibition of CYP3A4 and OATP1B by indinavir. In addition, three antifungals (caspofungin, itraconazole, and voriconazole) are reported to be victims of drug interactions because of P450 enzyme induction. Reports for other antibiotics acting as victims in drug interactions are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zixuan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rongrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yaya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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13
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Willems S, Ohrndorf J, Kilu W, Heering J, Merk D. Fragment-like Chloroquinolineamines Activate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1 and Elucidate Activation Mechanisms. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2659-2668. [PMID: 33629841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The ligand-activated transcription factor nuclear receptor related-1 (Nurr1) exhibits great potential for neurodegenerative disease treatment, but potent Nurr1 modulators to further probe and validate the nuclear receptor as a therapeutic target are lacking. We have systematically studied the structure-activity relationship of the 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline scaffold contained in Nurr1 activators amodiaquine and chloroquine and discovered fragment-like analogues that activated Nurr1 in several cellular settings. The most active descendants promoted the transcriptional activity of Nurr1 on human response elements as monomer, homodimer, and heterodimer and markedly enhanced Nurr1-dependent gene expression in human astrocytes. As a tool to elucidate mechanisms involving in Nurr1 activation, these Nurr1 agonists induced robust recruitment of NCoR1 and NCoR2 co-regulators to the Nurr1 ligand binding domain and promoted Nurr1 dimerization. These findings provide important insights in Nurr1 regulation. The fragment-sized Nurr1 agonists are appealing starting points for medicinal chemistry and valuable early Nurr1 agonist tools for pharmacology and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Willems
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julia Ohrndorf
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Whitney Kilu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Heering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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14
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Tang LWT, Verma RK, Fan H, Chan ECY. Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Cytochrome P450 3A4 by Benzbromarone. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 99:266-276. [PMID: 33436520 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzbromarone (BBR), a potent uricosuric agent for the management of gout, is known to cause fatal fulminant hepatitis. Although the mechanism of BBR-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity remains unelucidated, cytochrome P450 enzyme-mediated bioactivation of BBR to electrophilic reactive metabolites is commonly regarded as a key molecular initiating event. However, apart from causing aberrant toxicities, reactive metabolites may result in mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of cytochrome P450. Here, we investigated and confirmed that BBR inactivated CYP3A4 in a time-, concentration-, and NADPH-dependent manner with K I, k inact, and partition ratio of 11.61 µM, 0.10 minutes-1, and 110, respectively. Coincubation with ketoconazole, a competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4, attenuated the MBI of CYP3A4 by BBR, whereas the presence of glutathione and catalase did not confer such protection. The lack of substantial recovery of enzyme activity postdialysis and after oxidation with potassium ferricyanide, combined with the absence of a Soret peak in spectral difference scans, implied that MBI of CYP3A4 by BBR did not occur through the formation of quasi-irreversible metabolite-intermediate complexes. Analysis of the reduced CO-difference spectrum revealed an ∼44% reduction in ferrous-CO binding and hinted that inactivation is mediated via irreversible covalent adduction to both the prosthetic heme moiety and the apoprotein. Finally, our in silico covalent docking analysis further suggested the modulation of substrate binding to CYP3A4 via the covalent adduction of epoxide-derived reactive intermediates of BBR to two key cysteine residues (Cys239 and Cys58) vicinal to the entrance of the orthosteric binding site. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although the bioactivation of benzbromarone (BBR) to reactive metabolites has been well characterized, its potential to cause mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of cytochrome P450 has not been fully investigated. This study reports the MBI of CYP3A4 by BBR via irreversible covalent adduction and develops a unique covalent docking methodology to predict the structural molecular determinants underpinning the inactivation for the first time. These findings lay the groundwork for future investigation of clinically relevant drug-drug interactions implicating BBR and mechanisms of BBR-induced idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lloyd Wei Tat Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (L.W.T.T., E.C.Y.C.) and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (L.W.T.T., E.C.Y.C.) and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (L.W.T.T., E.C.Y.C.) and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
| | - Eric Chun Yong Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore (L.W.T.T., E.C.Y.C.) and Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore (R.K.V., H.F.)
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15
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Kato Y, Senda A, Mukai Y, Yamashita M, Sasaoka Y, Hanada M, Hongo F, Hirokami M, Rane A, Inotsume N, Toda T. Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers on serum levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids in patients admitted to a cardiovascular center. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 77:887-894. [PMID: 33409683 PMCID: PMC8128744 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-020-03061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Several clinical studies have demonstrated that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, but not angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), reduce the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. We found that ARBs inhibited the activity of various cytochrome enzymes in arachidonic acid metabolism, resulting in decreased in vitro production of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which exhibit vasodilation and anti-inflammatory effects, and their subsequent metabolites, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). The present study examined the effects of ARBs on serum levels of EETs and DHETs in patients admitted to a cardiovascular center. Methods A total of 223 patients were enrolled, of which 107 were exposed to ARBs in this study. ARB-free individuals were defined as the control group (n = 116). Serum levels of EETs and DHETs were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Multiple linear regression analyses were carried out to identify covariates for total serum levels of EETs and DHETs. Results A significant negative association was observed between ARB use and serum EET and DHET levels (p = 0.034), whereas a significant positive association was observed between the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum EET and DHET levels (p = 0.007). The median serum total EET and DHET level in the ARB group tended to become lower than that in the control group, although the difference was not significant. Conclusion ARB use and eGFR were significantly associated with total serum levels of EETs and DHETs. Our results suggest that ARBs could affect the concentration of EETs in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00228-020-03061-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kato
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asuna Senda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuji Mukai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miki Yamashita
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Sasaoka
- Department of Pharmacy, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Sapporo Keijinkai Rehabilitation Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Minayo Hanada
- Department of Pharmacy, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fuminori Hongo
- Department of Pharmacy, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Anders Rane
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nobuo Inotsume
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan.,Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaki Toda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan.
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16
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Das A, Weigle AT, Arnold WR, Kim JS, Carnevale LN, Huff HC. CYP2J2 Molecular Recognition: A New Axis for Therapeutic Design. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 215:107601. [PMID: 32534953 PMCID: PMC7773148 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases are a special subset of heme-containing CYP enzymes capable of performing the epoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the metabolism of xenobiotics. This dual functionality positions epoxygenases along a metabolic crossroad. Therefore, structure-function studies are critical for understanding their role in bioactive oxy-lipid synthesis, drug-PUFA interactions, and for designing therapeutics that directly target the epoxygenases. To better exploit CYP epoxygenases as therapeutic targets, there is a need for improved understanding of epoxygenase structure-function. Of the characterized epoxygenases, human CYP2J2 stands out as a potential target because of its role in cardiovascular physiology. In this review, the early research on the discovery and activity of epoxygenases is contextualized to more recent advances in CYP epoxygenase enzymology with respect to PUFA and drug metabolism. Additionally, this review employs CYP2J2 epoxygenase as a model system to highlight both the seminal works and recent advances in epoxygenase enzymology. Herein we cover CYP2J2's interactions with PUFAs and xenobiotics, its tissue-specific physiological roles in diseased states, and its structural features that enable epoxygenase function. Additionally, the enumeration of research on CYP2J2 identifies the future needs for the molecular characterization of CYP2J2 to enable a new axis of therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Das
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Neuroscience Program, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Austin T Weigle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - William R Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Justin S Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Lauren N Carnevale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hannah C Huff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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17
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Sisignano M, Steinhilber D, Parnham MJ, Geisslinger G. Exploring CYP2J2: lipid mediators, inhibitors and therapeutic implications. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1744-1753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Schäfer SM, Sendetski M, Angioni C, Nüsing R, Geisslinger G, Scholich K, Sisignano M. The omega-3 lipid 17,18-EEQ sensitizes TRPV1 and TRPA1 in sensory neurons through the prostacyclin receptor (IP). Neuropharmacology 2020; 166:107952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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19
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Mass spectrometric characterization of carfentanil metabolism in human, dog, and rat lung microsomes via comparison to chemically synthesized metabolite standards. Forensic Toxicol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-019-00521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Cheong EJY, Teo DWX, Chua DXY, Chan ECY. Systematic Development and Verification of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model of Rivaroxaban. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1291-1306. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.086918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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21
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Ikemura N, Yamaori S, Kobayashi C, Kamijo S, Murayama N, Yamazaki H, Ohmori S. Inhibitory effects of antihypertensive drugs on human cytochrome P450 2J2 activity: Potent inhibition by azelnidipine and manidipine. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 306:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Hausner EA, Elmore SA, Yang X. Overview of the Components of Cardiac Metabolism. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:673-688. [PMID: 30967471 PMCID: PMC7333657 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.086611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism in organs other than the liver and kidneys may play a significant role in how a specific organ responds to chemicals. The heart has metabolic capability for energy production and homeostasis. This homeostatic machinery can also process xenobiotics. Cardiac metabolism includes the expression of numerous organic anion transporters, organic cation transporters, organic carnitine (zwitterion) transporters, and ATP-binding cassette transporters. Expression and distribution of the transporters within the heart may vary, depending on the patient’s age, disease, endocrine status, and various other factors. Several cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme classes have been identified within the heart. The P450 hydroxylases and epoxygenases within the heart produce hydroxyeicosatetraneoic acids and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, metabolites of arachidonic acid, which are critical in regulating homeostatic processes of the heart. The susceptibility of the cardiac P450 system to induction and inhibition from exogenous materials is an area of expanding knowledge, as are the metabolic processes of glucuronidation and sulfation in the heart. The susceptibility of various transcription factors and signaling pathways of the heart to disruption by xenobiotics is not fully characterized but is an area with implications for disruption of normal postnatal development, as well as modulation of adult cardiac health. There are knowledge gaps in the timelines of physiologic maturation and deterioration of cardiac metabolism. Cross-species characterization of cardiac-specific metabolism is needed for nonclinical work of optimum translational value to predict possible adverse effects, identify sensitive developmental windows for the design and conduct of informative nonclinical and clinical studies, and explore the possibilities of organ-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Hausner
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland (E.A.H., X.Y.); and National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (S.A.E.)
| | - Susan A Elmore
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland (E.A.H., X.Y.); and National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (S.A.E.)
| | - Xi Yang
- United States Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland (E.A.H., X.Y.); and National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (S.A.E.)
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23
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Lang D, Radtke M, Bairlein M. Highly Variable Expression of CYP1A1 in Human Liver and Impact on Pharmacokinetics of Riociguat and Granisetron in Humans. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1115-1122. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Lang
- Bayer AG, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Center, Aprather Weg 18a, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Martin Radtke
- Bayer AG, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Center, Aprather Weg 18a, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michaela Bairlein
- Bayer AG, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Research Center, Aprather Weg 18a, 42096 Wuppertal, Germany
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24
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Wen J, Zeng M, Liu Z, Zhou H, Xu H, Huang M, Zhang W. The influence of telmisartan on metformin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 139:37-41. [PMID: 30538075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is the most widely used drug among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. However, drug interaction on metformin will influence its glucose-lowering effect or increase its side effect of lactic acidosis. In this study, a randomized, two-stage, crossover study was conducted to unveil the potential drug interaction between metformin and the anti-hypertension drug, telmisartan. Totally, 16 healthy Chinese male volunteers were enrolled. Blood samples from various time-points after drug adminstration were analyzed for metformin quantification. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted 2 h after metformin administration. The AUC0-12 and Cmax of metformin in subjects co-administrated with telmisartan were significantly lower than with placebo. The geometric mean ratios (value of metformin plus telmisartan phase/value of metformin plus placebo phase) for Cmax and AUC0-12 is 0.7972 (90%CI: 0.7202-0.8824) and 0.8336 (90%CI: 0.7696-0.9028), respectively. Moreover, telmisartan co-administration significantly increased the plasma concentrations of both glucose and insulin at 0.5 h since OGTT (7.64 ± 1.86 mmol/l·min vs 6.77 ± 0.83 mmol/l·min, P = 0.040; 72.91 ± 31.98 μIU/ml·min vs 60.20 ± 24.20 μIU/ml·min, P = 0.037), though the AUC of glucose and insulin after OGTT showed no significant difference. These findings suggested that telmisartan had a significant influence on the Pharmacokinetics of metformin in healthy groups, though the influence on glucose-lowering effect was moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiagen Wen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Meizi Zeng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, GuangZhou, GuangDong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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25
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Yang S, Hu J, Li Y, Zhao Z. CYP2J2 is the major enzyme in human liver microsomes responsible for hydroxylation of SYL-927, a novel and selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P 1 ) agonist. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2018; 39:431-436. [PMID: 30362120 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
SYL-927, a novel and selective S1P1 agonist, is transferred to its active phosphate for the regulation of lymphocyte recirculation. This in vitro metabolism study is to elucidate the P450-mediated oxidation pathway of SYL-927 in human liver microsomes (HLMs). The results demonstrated that the ω-1 hydroxylated metabolite SYL-927-M was formed after incubation of SYL-927 with HLMs. Recombinant human CYP1A1 and CYP2J2 can efficiently catalyse SYL-927-M formation, followed by markedly less substrate conversion with CYP1A2, CYP2C19 and CYP2D6. Inhibition studies with chemical inhibitors and antibodies suggested that arachidonic acid, the substrate of CYP2J2, and CYP2J2-specific antibody effectively inhibited the formation of SYL-927-M in HLMs whereas no significant inhibition was observed with the inhibitors for CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1 and CYP3A4, demonstrating that CYP2J2 was primarily responsible for the formation of SYL-927-M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yang
- Department of Drug Metabolism of Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 TiantanXili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Hu
- Department of Drug Metabolism of Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Drug Metabolism of Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 6 TiantanXili, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
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26
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Molecular cloning and characterization of the novel CYP2J2 in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1770-1776. [PMID: 30287372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although its economic, cultural and biological importance, many genes haven't been depicted, sequenced or analyzed to date for Camelus dromedarius. In the present paper, the full-length c-DNA of a novel CYP2J2 (GenBank accession number MH511989) was cloned from liver, heart, and kidney mRNA by RACE-PCR. The full-length c-DNA of the cloned CYP2J2 was sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The full-length c-DNA sequence was 2135 bp with no introns. The open reading frame (ORF) had 1341 nucleotides which coded for a putative protein of 446 amino acids. The deduced protein is located in the endoplasmic reticulum. It has two transmembrane regions. The nucleotides and deduced amino acids sequences of the cloned CYP2J2 were 1400 nucleotides and 47 amino acids shorter than the predicted homolog respectively. This study is the first description of the putative CYP2J2 gene, which opens the way to a new investigation-so far-never accomplished in Camelus dromedarius.
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Lafite P, André F, Graves JP, Zeldin DC, Dansette PM, Mansuy D. Role of Arginine 117 in Substrate Recognition by Human Cytochrome P450 2J2. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072066. [PMID: 30012976 PMCID: PMC6073854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of Arginine 117 of human cytochrome P450 2J2 in the recognition of ebastine and a series of terfenadone derivatives was studied by site-directed mutagenesis. R117K, R117E, and R117L mutants were produced, and the behavior of these mutants in the hydroxylation of ebastine and terfenadone derivatives was compared to that of wild-type CYP2J2. The data clearly showed the importance of the formation of a hydrogen bond between R117 and the keto group of these substrates. The data were interpreted on the basis of 3D homology models of the mutants and of dynamic docking of the substrates in their active site. These modeling studies also suggested the existence of a R117-E222 salt bridge between helices B’ and F that would be important for maintaining the overall folding of CYP2J2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lafite
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris CEDEX 06, France.
| | - François André
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), DRF/Joliot/SB2SM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France.
| | - Joan P Graves
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA.
| | - Patrick M Dansette
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris CEDEX 06, France.
| | - Daniel Mansuy
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR8601, Université Paris Descartes, 75270 Paris CEDEX 06, France.
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Lee E, Kim JH, Shon JC, Wu Z, Kim HJ, Gim M, Lee T, Liu KH. Terfenadone is a strong inhibitor of CYP2J2 present in the human liver and intestinal microsomes. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 33:159-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kato Y, Mukai Y, Rane A, Inotsume N, Toda T. The Inhibitory Effect of Telmisartan on the Metabolism of Arachidonic Acid by CYP2C9 and CYP2C8: An in Vitro Study. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 40:1409-1415. [PMID: 28867723 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatorienoic acids (EETs) are generated from arachidonic acid (AA) by CYPs. EETs comprise four regioisomers (14,15-, 11,12-, 8,9-, and 5,6-EET). EETs show potent physiological effects, including vasodilation, anti-inflammation, myocardial preconditioning, and anti-platelet aggregation effects. We recently demonstrated that telmisartan, one of angiotensin II receptor blockers, inhibits AA metabolism by CYP enzymes, including CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2J2. We conducted studies of AA metabolism using recombinant CYP enzymes to estimate the inhibition constant and the type of inhibition by telmisartan of CYP2C9 and CYP2C8. The contribution ratio (CR) of each CYP enzyme was investigated using human liver microsomes. Dixon and Lineweaver-Burk plots indicated that telmisartan is a mixed inhibitor of both CYP2C9 and CYP2C8; telmisartan did not show a time-dependent inhibition toward these CYP enzymes. Based on the CRs, both CYP2C9 and CYP2C8 are the key enzymes in the metabolism of AA in the human liver. Uptake of telmisartan in the liver by organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B3 and the non-linear metabolism in gastrointestinal tract augment the potential of the drug to inhibit the CYP enzymes in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kato
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
| | - Yuji Mukai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
| | - Anders Rane
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Nobuo Inotsume
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
| | - Takaki Toda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
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Lin HL, Zhang H, Hollenberg PF. Formation of Both Heme and Apoprotein Adducts Contributes to the Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Human CYP2J2 by 17 α-Ethynylestradiol. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:813-822. [PMID: 29602797 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.080903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
17α-Ethynylestradiol (EE), a major component of many oral contraceptives, affects the activities of a number of the human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes. Here, we characterized the effect of EE on CYP2J2, a major human P450 isoform that participates in metabolism of arachidonic acid. EE inactivated the hydroxyebastine carboxylation activity of CYP2J2 in a reconstituted system. The loss of activity is time and concentration dependent and requires NADPH. The KI and kinact values for the inactivation were 3.6 μM and 0.08 minute-1, respectively. Inactivation of CYP2J2 by EE was due to formation of a heme adduct as well as an apoprotein adduct. Mass spectral analysis of CYP2J2 partially inactivated by EE showed two distinct protein masses in the deconvoluted spectrum that exhibited a mass difference of approximately 312 Da, which is equivalent to the sum of the mass of EE and one oxygen atom. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed a heme adduct with MH+ ion at m/z 875.5, corresponding to alkylation of an iron-depleted prosthetic heme by EE plus one oxygen atom. The reactive intermediate responsible for covalently modifying both the prosthetic heme and apoprotein was characterized by trapping with glutathione (GSH). LC-MS/MS analysis revealed two GSH conjugate isomers with MH+ ions at m/z 620, which were formed by reaction between GSH and EE with the oxygen being added to either the internal or terminal carbon of the ethynyl moiety. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis revealed that three other major metabolites were formed during EE metabolism by CYP2J2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsia-Lien Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Haoming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paul F Hollenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Park SH, Lee J, Shon JC, Phuc NM, Jee JG, Liu KH. The inhibitory potential of Broussochalcone A for the human cytochrome P450 2J2 isoform and its anti-cancer effects via FOXO3 activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 42:199-206. [PMID: 29655687 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Ventenat, a traditional medicinal herb, has been applied as a folk medicine to treat various diseases. Broussochalcone A (BCA), a chalcone compound isolated from the cortex of Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Ventenat, exhibits several biological activities including potent anti-oxidant, antiplatelet, and cytotoxic effects. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to elucidate the inhibitory effect of BCA against CYP2J2 enzyme which is predominantly expressed in human tumor tissues and carcinoma cell lines. STUDY DESIGN The inhibitory effect of BCA on the activities of CYP2J2-mediated metabolism were investigated using human liver microsomes (HLMs), and its anti-cancer effect against human hepatoma HepG2 cells was also evaluated. METHODS Two representative CYP2J2-specific probe substrates, astemizole and ebastine, were incubated in HLMs with BCA. After incubation, the samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. To investigate the binding model between BCA and CYP2J2, we carried out structure-based docking simulations by using software and scripts written in-house. RESULTS BCA inhibited CYP2J2-mediated astemizole O-demethylation and ebastine hydroxylase activities in a concentration dependent manner with Ki values of 2.3 and 3.7 µM, respectively. It also showed cytotoxic effects against human hepatoma HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner with activation of apoptosis related proteins. CONCLUSION Overall, this was the first report of the inhibitory effects of BCA on CYP2J2 in HLMs. The present data suggest that BCA is a potential candidate for further evaluation for its CYP2J2 targeting anti-cancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong 30016, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Shon
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Minh Phuc
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Saokim Pharmaceutical Company, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jun Goo Jee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Lu J, Liu D, Zhou X, Chen A, Jiang Z, Ye X, Liu M, Wang X. Plant natural product plumbagin presents potent inhibitory effect on human cytochrome P450 2J2 enzyme. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 39:137-145. [PMID: 29433675 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) is not only highly expressed in many kinds of human tumors, but also promotes tumor cell growth via regulating the metabolism of arachidonic acids. CYP2J2 inhibitors can significantly reduce proliferation, migration and promote apoptosis of tumor cells by inhibiting epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) biosynthesis. Therefore screening CYP2J2 inhibitors is a significant way for the development of anti-cancer drug. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to identify a new CYP2J2 inhibitor from fifty natural compounds obtained from plants. STUDY DESIGN CYP2J2 inhibitor was screened from a natural compounds library and further the inhibitory manner and mechanism were evaluated. Its cytotoxicity against HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cell lines was also estimated. METHODS The inhibitory effect was evaluated in rat liver microsomes (RLMs), human liver microsomes (HLMs) and recombinant CYP2J2 (rCYP2J2), using astemizole as a probe substrate and inhibitory mechanism was illustrated through molecular docking. The cytotoxicity was detected using SRB. RESULTS In all candidates, plumbagin showed the strongest inhibitory effect on the CYP2J2-mediated astemizole O-demethylation activity. Further study revealed that plumbagin potently inhibited CYP2J2 activity with IC50 value at 3.82 µM, 3.37 µM and 1.17 µM in RLMs, HLMs and rCYP2J2, respectively. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that plumbagin was a mixed-type inhibitor of CYP2J2 in HLMs and rCYP2J2 with Ki value of 1.88 µM and 0.92 µM, respectively. Docking data presented that plumbagin interacted with CYP2J2 mainly through GLU 222 and ALA 223. Moreover, plumbagin showed strongly cytotoxic effects on hepatoma cell lines, such as HepG2 and SMMC-7721, with lower toxicity on rat primary hepatocytes. Plumbagin had no effect on the protein expression of CYP2J2 in HepG2 and SMMC-7721, while down-regulated the mRNA level of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2. CONCLUSION This study found out a new CYP2J2 inhibitor plumbagin from fifty natural compounds. Plumbagin presented a potential of anti-cancer pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daozhi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ang Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenran Jiang
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiyun Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, and Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Kato Y, Mukai Y, Rane A, Inotsume N, Toda T. Combined effect of telmisartan and fluvastatin on arachidonic acid metabolism in human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:898-903. [PMID: 28933256 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1384079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
1. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) via cytochrome P450s, have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system involving vasodilation. We have previously demonstrated that telmisartan (TEL) inhibits EETs production from AA in vitro. 2. The objectives of the study were to examine the inhibitory effect of fluvastatin (FLU), an inhibitor of CYP2C9, and the combined effect of TEL and FLU on the production of EETs using human liver microsomes. The combined effect of TEL and FLU was evaluated using two methods, the fixed concentration method and the fixed ratio method. 3. FLU significantly reduced total eicosanoids (sum of EETs and their subsequent metabolites dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids) production at > 0.25 µM. The results of the fixed concentration method indicated that the addition of the other inhibitor resulted in significant reduction of the production of total eicosanoids in a concentration-dependent manner. In the fixed ratio method, the combination of TEL and FLU over all concentration ratios tested did not produce a horizontal shift in the dose response curves. 4. Our results showing an additive combined effect of TEL and FLU on AA metabolism, suggest that concomitant treatment with TEL and FLU would theoretically affect the vascular tone mediated by EETs from AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kato
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy , Sapporo , Japan and
| | - Yuji Mukai
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy , Sapporo , Japan and
| | - Anders Rane
- b Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Nobuo Inotsume
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy , Sapporo , Japan and
| | - Takaki Toda
- a Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy , Sapporo , Japan and
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Lin HL, Zhang H, Walker VJ, D'Agostino J, Hollenberg PF. Heme Modification Contributes to the Mechanism-Based Inactivation of Human Cytochrome P450 2J2 by Two Terminal Acetylenic Compounds. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:990-999. [PMID: 28698302 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.075846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism-based inactivation of human CYP2J2 by three terminal acetylenic compounds: N-(methylsulfonyl)-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide (MS), 17-octadecynoic acid (OD), and danazol (DZ) was investigated. The loss of hydroxyebastine (OHEB) carboxylation activity in a reconstituted system was time- and concentration-dependent and required NADPH for MS and OD, but not DZ. The kinetic constants for the mechanism-based inactivation of OHEB carboxylation activity were: KI of 6.1 μM and kinact of 0.22 min-1 for MS and KI of 2.5 μM and kinact of 0.05 min-1 for OD. The partition ratios for MS and OD were ∼10 and ∼20, respectively. Inactivation of CYP2J2 by MS or OD resulted in a loss of the native heme spectrum and a similar decrease in the reduced CO difference spectrum. A heme adduct was observed in the MS-inactivated CYP2J2. The possible reactive metabolite which covalently modified the prosthetic heme was characterized by analysis of the glutathione conjugates formed by MS or OD following oxygenation of the ethynyl moiety. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that inactivation by MS or OD did not lead to modification of apoprotein. Interaction of CYP2J2 with DZ produced a type II binding spectrum with a Ks of 2.8 μM and the IC50 for loss of OHEB carboxylation activity was 0.18 μM. In conclusion, heme modification by MS and OD was responsible for the mechanism-based inactivation of CYP2J2. The results suggest that the ethynyl moiety of MS and OD faces the heme iron, whereas the isoxazole ring of DZ is preferentially oriented toward the heme iron of CYP2J2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsia-Lien Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Haoming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vyvyca J Walker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jaime D'Agostino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paul F Hollenberg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Senda A, Mukai Y, Hayakawa T, Kato Y, Eliasson E, Rane A, Toda T, Inotsume N. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Inhibit the Generation of Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid from Arachidonic Acid in Recombinant CYP2C9, CYP2J2 and Human Liver Microsomes. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121:239-245. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asuna Senda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yuji Mukai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Toru Hayakawa
- Division of Pharmacotherapy; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Yuka Kato
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Erik Eliasson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Karolinska University Hospital; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anders Rane
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Department of Laboratory Medicine; Karolinska University Hospital; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Takaki Toda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - Nobuo Inotsume
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology; Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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Phuc NM, Wu Z, O Y, Lee JH, Oh S, Song GY, Liu KH. LKY-047: First Selective Inhibitor of Cytochrome P450 2J2. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:765-769. [PMID: 28461575 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.075036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly selective cytochrome P450 CYP2J2 (CYP2J2) inhibitors suitable for reaction phenotyping are currently not available. (7S)-(+)-(4-Nitro-phenyl)-acrylic acid, 8,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-6,7-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-7-yl-ester (LKY-047), a decursin derivative, was synthesized, and its inhibitor potencies toward CYP2J2 as well as other cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes in human liver microsomes (HLM) were evaluated. LKY-047 was demonstrated to be a strong competitive inhibitor of CYP2J2-mediated astemizole O-demethylase and terfenadine hydroxylase activity, with Ki values of 0.96 and 2.61 μM, respectively. It also acted as an uncompetitive inhibitor of CYP2J2-mediated ebastine hydroxylation with a Ki value of 3.61 μM. Preincubation of LKY-047 with HLMs and NADPH did not alter inhibition potency, indicating that it is not a mechanism-based inhibitor. LKY-047 was found to be a selective CYP2J2 inhibitor with no inhibitory effect on other human P450s, such as CYPs 1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A (IC50 > 50 μM). These in vitro data support the use of LKY-047 as a selective CYP2J2 inhibitor with potential application in the identification of P450 isoforms responsible for drug metabolism in reaction phenotyping assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Phuc
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (N.M.P., Z.W., K.-H.L.); College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (Y.O., J.-H.L., G.-Y.S.); and Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea (S.O.)
| | - Zhexue Wu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (N.M.P., Z.W., K.-H.L.); College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (Y.O., J.-H.L., G.-Y.S.); and Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea (S.O.)
| | - Yuseok O
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (N.M.P., Z.W., K.-H.L.); College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (Y.O., J.-H.L., G.-Y.S.); and Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea (S.O.)
| | - Jee-Hyun Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (N.M.P., Z.W., K.-H.L.); College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (Y.O., J.-H.L., G.-Y.S.); and Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea (S.O.)
| | - Sangtaek Oh
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (N.M.P., Z.W., K.-H.L.); College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (Y.O., J.-H.L., G.-Y.S.); and Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea (S.O.)
| | - Gyu-Yong Song
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (N.M.P., Z.W., K.-H.L.); College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (Y.O., J.-H.L., G.-Y.S.); and Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea (S.O.)
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics-Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (N.M.P., Z.W., K.-H.L.); College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea (Y.O., J.-H.L., G.-Y.S.); and Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, BK21 PLUS Program, Kookmin University, Seoul, Korea (S.O.)
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Du H, Li J, Cai Y, Zhang H, Liu G, Tang Y, Li W. Computational Investigation of Ligand Binding to the Peripheral Site in CYP3A4: Conformational Dynamics and Inhibitor Discovery. J Chem Inf Model 2017; 57:616-626. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.7b00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design,
School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Junhao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design,
School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yingchun Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design,
School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongxiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design,
School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design,
School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yun Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design,
School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weihua Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design,
School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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38
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Inhibition and inactivation of human CYP2J2: Implications in cardiac pathophysiology and opportunities in cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 135:12-21. [PMID: 28237650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Extrahepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450) are pivotal in the metabolism of endogenous substrates and xenobiotics. CYP2J2 is a major cardiac CYP450 and primarily metabolizes polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid to cardioactive epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. Due to its role in endobiotic metabolism, CYP2J2 has been actively studied in recent years with the focus on its biological functions in cardiac pathophysiology. Additionally, CYP2J2 metabolizes a number of xenobiotics such as astemizole and terfenadine and is potently inhibited by danazol and telmisartan. Notably, CYP2J2 is found to be upregulated in multiple cancers. Hence a number of specific CYP2J2 inhibitors have been developed and their efficacy in inhibiting tumor progression has been actively studied. CYP2J2 inhibitor such as C26 (1-[4-(vinyl)phenyl]-4-[4-(diphenyl-hydroxymethyl)-piperidinyl]-butanone hydrochloride) caused marked reduction in tumor proliferation and migration as well as promoted apoptosis in cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the role of CYP2J2 in cardiac pathophysiology and cancer therapeutics. Additionally, we provide an update on the substrates, reversible inhibitors and irreversible inhibitors of CYP2J2. Finally, we discuss the current gaps and future directions in CYP2J2 research.
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39
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Mukai Y, Narita M, Akiyama E, Ohashi K, Horiuchi Y, Kato Y, Toda T, Rane A, Inotsume N. Co-administration of Fluvastatin and CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 Inhibitors May Increase the Exposure to Fluvastatin in Carriers of CYP2C9 Genetic Variants. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 40:1078-1085. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Mukai
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
| | - Masayuki Narita
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
| | - Erika Akiyama
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
| | - Kanami Ohashi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
| | - Yasutaka Horiuchi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
| | - Yuka Kato
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
| | - Takaki Toda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
| | - Anders Rane
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Nobuo Inotsume
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Hokkaido Pharmaceutical University School of Pharmacy
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40
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Computational modelling of the binding of arachidonic acid to the human monooxygenase CYP2J2. J Mol Model 2016; 22:279. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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41
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Spaggiari D, Daali Y, Rudaz S. An extensive cocktail approach for rapid risk assessment of in vitro CYP450 direct reversible inhibition by xenobiotic exposure. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 302:41-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Multiple modes of inhibition of human cytochrome P450 2J2 by dronedarone, amiodarone and their active metabolites. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 107:67-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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43
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Yi C, Wambo TO. Factors affecting the interactions between beta-lactoglobulin and fatty acids as revealed in molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23074-80. [PMID: 26272099 PMCID: PMC4554325 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02312b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), a bovine dairy protein, is a promiscuously interacting protein that can bind multiple hydrophobic ligands. Fatty acids (FAs), common hydrophobic molecules bound to BLG, are important sources of fuel for life because they yield large quantities of ATP when metabolized. The binding affinity increases with the length of the ligands, indicating the importance of the van der Waals (vdW) interactions between the hydrocarbon tail and the hydrophobic calyx of BLG. An exception to this rule is caprylic acid (OCA) which is two-carbon shorter but has a stronger binding affinity than capric acid. Theoretical calculations in the current literature are not accurate enough to shed light on the underlying physics of this exception. The computed affinity values are greater for longer fatty acids without respect for the caprylic exception and those values are generally several orders of magnitude away from the experimental data. In this work, we used hybrid steered molecular dynamics to accurately compute the binding free energies between BLG and the five saturated FAs of 8 to 16 carbon atoms. The computed binding free energies agree well with experimental data not only in rank but also in absolute values. We gained insights into the exceptional behavior of caprylic acid in the computed values of entropy and electrostatic interactions. We found that the electrostatic interaction between the carboxyl group of caprylic acid and the two amino groups of K60/69 in BLG is much stronger than the vdW force between the OCA's hydrophobic tail and the BLG calyx. This pulls OCA to the top of the beta barrel where it is easier to fluctuate, giving rise to greater entropy of OCA at the binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Yi
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Shandong Jiaotong University, 5001 Haitang Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250357, P. R. China.
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44
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Lee E, Wu Z, Shon JC, Liu KH. Danazol Inhibits Cytochrome P450 2J2 Activity in a Substrate-independent Manner. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1250-3. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.064345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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45
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Peng Y, Wu H, Zhang X, Zhang F, Qi H, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Sang H, Wang G, Sun J. A comprehensive assay for nine major cytochrome P450 enzymes activities with 16 probe reactions on human liver microsomes by a single LC/MS/MS run to support reliablein vitroinhibitory drug–drug interaction evaluation. Xenobiotica 2015; 45:961-77. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1036954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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46
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Lee B, Ji HK, Lee T, Liu KH. Simultaneous Screening of Activities of Five Cytochrome P450 and Four Uridine 5'-Diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase Enzymes in Human Liver Microsomes Using Cocktail Incubation and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1137-46. [PMID: 25904760 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.063016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (P450) and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) are major metabolizing enzymes in the biotransformation of most drugs. Altered P450 and UGT activities are a potential cause of adverse drug-drug interaction. A method for the simultaneous evaluation of the activities of five P450s (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A) and four UGTs (UGT1A1, UGT1A4, UGT1A9, and UGT2B7) was developed using in vitro cocktail incubation and tandem mass spectrometry. The nine probe substrates used in this assay were phenacetin (CYP1A2), diclofenac (CYP2C9), S-mephenytoin (CYP2C19), dextromethorphan (CYP2D6), midazolam (CYP3A), 7-ethyl-10-hydroxy-camptothecin (SN-38) (UGT1A1), trifluoperazine (UGT1A4), mycophenolic acid (UGT1A9), and naloxone (UGT2B7). This new method involves incubation of two cocktail doses and single cassette analysis. The two cocktail doses and the concentration of each probe substrate in vitro were determined to minimize mutual drug interactions among substrates. Cocktail A comprised phenacetin, diclofenac, S-mephenytoin, dextromethorphan, and midazolam, whereas cocktail B comprised SN-38, trifluoperazine, mycophenolic acid, and naloxone. In the incubation study of these cocktails, the reaction mixtures were pooled and simultaneously analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated by comparing inhibition data obtained from the incubation of each probe substrate alone with data from the cocktail method. The IC50 values obtained in both cocktail and individual incubations were in agreement with values previously reported in the literature. This cocktail method offers a rapid and robust way to simultaneously evaluate phase I and II enzyme inhibition profiles of many new chemical entities. This new method will also be useful in the drug discovery process and for advancing the mechanistic understanding of drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Kyeong Ji
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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47
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Cytochrome P450 2J2, a new key enzyme in cyclophosphamide bioactivation and a potential biomarker for hematological malignancies. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2015; 15:405-13. [PMID: 25601761 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) in cyclophosphamide (Cy) bioactivation was investigated in patients, cells and microsomes. Gene expression analysis showed that CYP2J2 mRNA expression was significantly (P<0.01) higher in 20 patients with hematological malignancies compared with healthy controls. CYP2J2 expression showed significant upregulation (P<0.05) during Cy treatment before stem cell transplantation. Cy bioactivation was significantly correlated to CYP2J2 expression. Studies in HL-60 cells expressing CYP2J2 showed reduced cell viability when incubated with Cy (half maximal inhibitory concentration=3.6 mM). Inhibition of CYP2J2 using telmisartan reduced Cy bioactivation by 50% and improved cell survival. Cy incubated with recombinant CYP2J2 microsomes has resulted in apparent Km and Vmax values of 3.7-6.6 mM and 2.9-10.3 pmol/(min·pmol) CYP, respectively. This is the first study demonstrating that CYP2J2 is equally important to CYP2B6 in Cy metabolism. The heart, intestine and urinary bladder express high levels of CYP2J2; local Cy bioactivation may explain Cy-treatment-related toxicities in these organs.
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48
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A cocktail approach for assessing the in vitro activity of human cytochrome P450s: An overview of current methodologies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 101:221-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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49
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Pereira de Sousa I, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Pre-systemic metabolism of orally administered drugs and strategies to overcome it. J Control Release 2014; 192:301-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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50
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Potential of decursin to inhibit the human cytochrome P450 2J2 isoform. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 70:94-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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