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Stringer R, Kaster T. Predicting the Intravenous Pharmacokinetics of Covalent Drugs in Animals and Humans. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39018425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
30 covalent drugs were used to assess clearance (CL) prediction reliability in animals and humans. In animals, marked CL underprediction was observed using cryopreserved hepatocytes or liver microsomes (LMs) supplemented for cytochrome P450 activity. Improved quantitative performance was observed by combining metabolic stability data from LMs and liver S9 fractions, the latter supplemented with reduced glutathione for glutathione transferase activity. While human LMs provided reliable human CL predictions, prediction statistics were improved further by incorporating S9 stability data. CL predictions with allometric scaling were less robust compared to in vitro drug metabolism methods; the best results were obtained using the fu-corrected intercept model. Human volume of distribution (Vd) was well predicted using allometric scaling of animal pharmacokinetic data; the most reliable results were achieved using simple allometric scaling of unbound Vd values. These results provide a quantitative framework to guide appropriate method selection for human PK prediction with covalent drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan Stringer
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kaster
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Basel CH-4002, Switzerland
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2
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Hillebrand L, Liang XJ, Serafim RAM, Gehringer M. Emerging and Re-emerging Warheads for Targeted Covalent Inhibitors: An Update. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7668-7758. [PMID: 38711345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Covalent inhibitors and other types of covalent modalities have seen a revival in the past two decades, with a variety of new targeted covalent drugs having been approved in recent years. A key feature of such molecules is an intrinsically reactive group, typically a weak electrophile, which enables the irreversible or reversible formation of a covalent bond with a specific amino acid of the target protein. This reactive group, often called the "warhead", is a critical determinant of the ligand's activity, selectivity, and general biological properties. In 2019, we summarized emerging and re-emerging warhead chemistries to target cysteine and other amino acids (Gehringer, M.; Laufer, S. A. J. Med. Chem. 2019, 62, 5673-5724; DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01153). Since then, the field has rapidly evolved. Here we discuss the progress on covalent warheads made since our last Perspective and their application in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hillebrand
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiaojun Julia Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ricardo A M Serafim
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gehringer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Saadeddin A, Purohit V, Huh Y, Wong M, Maulny A, Dowty ME, Sagawa K. Virtual Bioequivalence Assessment of Ritlecitinib Capsules with Incorporation of Observed Clinical Variability Using a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model. AAPS J 2024; 26:17. [PMID: 38267790 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ritlecitinib, an orally available Janus kinase 3 and tyrosine kinase inhibitor being developed for the treatment of alopecia areata (AA), is highly soluble across the physiological pH range at the therapeutic dose. As such, it is expected to dissolve rapidly in any in vitro dissolution conditions. However, in vitro dissolution data showed slower dissolution for 100-mg capsules, used for the clinical bioequivalence (BE) study, compared with proposed commercial 50-mg capsules. Hence, a biowaiver for the lower 50-mg strength using comparable multimedia dissolution based on the f2 similarity factor was not possible. The in vivo relevance of this observed in vitro dissolution profile was evaluated with a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. This report describes the development, verification, and application of the ritlecitinib PBPK model to translate observed in vitro dissolution data to an in vivo PK profile for ritlecitinib capsule formulations. Virtual BE (VBE) trials were conducted using the Simcyp VBE module, including the model-predicted within-subject variability or intra-subject coefficient of variation (ICV). The results showed the predicted ICV was predicted to be smaller than observed clinical ICV, resulting in a more optimistic BE risk assessment. Additional VBE assessment was conducted by incorporating clinically observed ICV. The VBE trial results including clinically observed ICV demonstrated that proposed commercial 50-mg capsules vs clinical 100-mg capsules were bioequivalent, with > 90% probability of success. This study demonstrates a PBPK model-based biowaiver for a clinical BE study while introducing a novel method to integrate clinically observed ICV into VBE trials with PBPK models. Trial registration: NCT02309827, NCT02684760, NCT04004663, NCT04390776, NCT05040295, NCT05128058.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Saadeddin
- Pharmaceutical Science, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vivek Purohit
- Translational Clinical Science, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yeamin Huh
- Translational Clinical Science, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mei Wong
- Pharmaceutical Science, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Sandwich, UK
| | - Aurelia Maulny
- Pharmaceutical Science, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Sandwich, UK
| | - Martin E Dowty
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kazuko Sagawa
- Pharmaceutical Science, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
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Zhao D, Liu Y, Yi F, Zhao X, Lu K. Recent advances in the development of inhibitors targeting KRAS-G12C and its related pathways. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115698. [PMID: 37542991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The RAS gene, also known as the mouse sarcoma virus, includes three genes (KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS) that are associated with human tumors. Among them, KRAS has the highest incidence of mutations in cancer, accounting for around 80% of cases. At the molecular level, the RAS gene plays a regulatory role in transcription and translation, while at the cellular level, it affects cell proliferation and migration, making it crucial for cancer development. In 2021, the FDA approved AMG510, the first direct inhibitor targeting the KRAS-G12C mutation, which has shown tumor regression, prolonged survival, and low off-target activity. However, with the increase of drug resistance, a single inhibitor is no longer sufficient to achieve the desired effect on tumors. Therefore, a large number of other highly efficient inhibitors are being developed at different stages. This article provides an overview of the mechanism of action targeting KRAS-G12C in the KRASGTP-KRASGDP cycle pathway, as well as the structure-activity relationship, structure optimization, and biological activity effects of inhibitors that target the upstream and downstream pathways, or combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqiang Zhao
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yu Liu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Fengchao Yi
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Kui Lu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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5
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Huang H, Jones LH. Covalent drug discovery using sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange warheads. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37243622 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2218642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Covalent drug discovery has traditionally focused on targeting cysteine, but the amino acid is often absent in protein binding sites. This review makes the case to move beyond cysteine labeling using sulfur (VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) chemistry to expand the druggable proteome. AREAS COVERED Recent advances in SuFEx medicinal chemistry and chemical biology are described, which have enabled the development of covalent chemical probes that site-selectively engage amino acid residues (including tyrosine, lysine, histidine, serine, and threonine) in binding pockets. Areas covered include chemoproteomic mapping of the targetable proteome, structure-based design of covalent inhibitors and molecular glues, metabolic stability profiling, and synthetic methodologies that have expedited the delivery of SuFEx modulators. EXPERT OPINION Despite recent innovations in SuFEx medicinal chemistry, focused preclinical research is required to ensure the field moves from early chemical probe discovery to the delivery of transformational covalent drug candidates. The authors believe that covalent drug candidates designed to engage residues beyond cysteine using sulfonyl exchange warheads will likely enter clinical trials in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Huang
- Center for Protein Degradation, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lyn H Jones
- Center for Protein Degradation, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Mader L, Watt SKI, Iyer HR, Nguyen L, Kaur H, Keillor JW. The war on hTG2: warhead optimization in small molecule human tissue transglutaminase inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:277-298. [PMID: 36846370 PMCID: PMC9945866 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00378c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human tissue transglutaminase (hTG2) is a multifunctional enzyme with protein cross-linking and G-protein activity, both of which have been implicated in the progression of diseases such as fibrosis and cancer stem cell propagation when dysregulated, prompting the development of small molecule targeted covalent inhibitors (TCIs) possessing a crucial electrophilic 'warhead'. In recent years there have been significant advances in the library of warheads available for the design of TCIs; however, the exploration of warhead functionality in hTG2 inhibitors has remained relatively stagnant. Herein, we describe a structure-activity relationship study entailing rational design and synthesis for systematic variation of the warhead on a previously reported small molecule inhibitor scaffold, and rigorous kinetic evaluation of inhibitory efficiency, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic stability. This study reveals a strong influence on the kinetic parameters k inact and K I with even subtle variation in warhead structure, suggesting that the warhead plays a significant role in not only reactivity, but also binding affinity, which consequently extends to isozyme selectivity. Warhead structure also influences in vivo stability, which we model by measuring intrinsic reactivity with glutathione, as well as stability in hepatocytes and in whole blood, giving insight into degradation pathways and relative therapeutic potential of different functional groups. This work provides fundamental structural and reactivity information highlighting the importance of strategic warhead design for the development of potent hTG2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavleen Mader
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Sarah K I Watt
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Harish R Iyer
- Dalriada Drug Discovery Mississauga Ontario L5N 8G4 Canada
| | - Linh Nguyen
- Dalriada Drug Discovery Mississauga Ontario L5N 8G4 Canada
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Dalriada Drug Discovery Mississauga Ontario L5N 8G4 Canada
| | - Jeffrey W Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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7
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Lai Y, Chu X, Di L, Gao W, Guo Y, Liu X, Lu C, Mao J, Shen H, Tang H, Xia CQ, Zhang L, Ding X. Recent advances in the translation of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics science for drug discovery and development. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2751-2777. [PMID: 35755285 PMCID: PMC9214059 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) is an important branch of pharmaceutical sciences. The nature of ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) and PK (pharmacokinetics) inquiries during drug discovery and development has evolved in recent years from being largely descriptive to seeking a more quantitative and mechanistic understanding of the fate of drug candidates in biological systems. Tremendous progress has been made in the past decade, not only in the characterization of physiochemical properties of drugs that influence their ADME, target organ exposure, and toxicity, but also in the identification of design principles that can minimize drug-drug interaction (DDI) potentials and reduce the attritions. The importance of membrane transporters in drug disposition, efficacy, and safety, as well as the interplay with metabolic processes, has been increasingly recognized. Dramatic increases in investments on new modalities beyond traditional small and large molecule drugs, such as peptides, oligonucleotides, and antibody-drug conjugates, necessitated further innovations in bioanalytical and experimental tools for the characterization of their ADME properties. In this review, we highlight some of the most notable advances in the last decade, and provide future perspectives on potential major breakthroughs and innovations in the translation of DMPK science in various stages of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Li Di
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Yingying Guo
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46221, USA
| | - Xingrong Liu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chuang Lu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Accent Therapeutics, Inc. Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Jialin Mao
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Huaping Tang
- Bioanalysis and Biomarkers, Glaxo Smith Kline, King of the Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Cindy Q. Xia
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, CDER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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8
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Shiba-Ishii A, Johnson TW, Dagogo-Jack I, Mino-Kenudson M, Johnson TR, Wei P, Weinrich SL, McTigue MA, Walcott MA, Nguyen-Phuong L, Dionne K, Acker A, Kiedrowski LA, Do A, Peterson JL, Barth JL, Yeap BY, Gainor JF, Lin JJ, Yoda S, Hata AN. Analysis of lorlatinib analogs reveals a roadmap for targeting diverse compound resistance mutations in ALK-positive lung cancer. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:710-722. [PMID: 35726063 PMCID: PMC9732888 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lorlatinib is currently the most advanced, potent and selective anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer in the clinic; however, diverse compound ALK mutations driving therapy resistance emerge. Here, we determine the spectrum of lorlatinib-resistant compound ALK mutations in patients, following treatment with lorlatinib, the majority of which involve ALK G1202R or I1171N/S/T. We further identify structurally diverse lorlatinib analogs that harbor differential selective profiles against G1202R versus I1171N/S/T compound ALK mutations. Structural analysis revealed increased potency against compound mutations through improved inhibition of either G1202R or I1171N/S/T mutant kinases. Overall, we propose a classification of heterogenous ALK compound mutations enabling the development of distinct therapeutic strategies for precision targeting following sequential tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Shiba-Ishii
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ted W Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ibiayi Dagogo-Jack
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ping Wei
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Makeba A Walcott
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Kristin Dionne
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Adam Acker
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrew Do
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Peterson
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaimie L Barth
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beow Y Yeap
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica J Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Satoshi Yoda
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Aaron N Hata
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Chang X, Tan YM, Allen DG, Bell S, Brown PC, Browning L, Ceger P, Gearhart J, Hakkinen PJ, Kabadi SV, Kleinstreuer NC, Lumen A, Matheson J, Paini A, Pangburn HA, Petersen EJ, Reinke EN, Ribeiro AJS, Sipes N, Sweeney LM, Wambaugh JF, Wange R, Wetmore BA, Mumtaz M. IVIVE: Facilitating the Use of In Vitro Toxicity Data in Risk Assessment and Decision Making. TOXICS 2022; 10:232. [PMID: 35622645 PMCID: PMC9143724 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During the past few decades, the science of toxicology has been undergoing a transformation from observational to predictive science. New approach methodologies (NAMs), including in vitro assays, in silico models, read-across, and in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), are being developed to reduce, refine, or replace whole animal testing, encouraging the judicious use of time and resources. Some of these methods have advanced past the exploratory research stage and are beginning to gain acceptance for the risk assessment of chemicals. A review of the recent literature reveals a burst of IVIVE publications over the past decade. In this review, we propose operational definitions for IVIVE, present literature examples for several common toxicity endpoints, and highlight their implications in decision-making processes across various federal agencies, as well as international organizations, including those in the European Union (EU). The current challenges and future needs are also summarized for IVIVE. In addition to refining and reducing the number of animals in traditional toxicity testing protocols and being used for prioritizing chemical testing, the goal to use IVIVE to facilitate the replacement of animal models can be achieved through their continued evolution and development, including a strategic plan to qualify IVIVE methods for regulatory acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Chang
- Inotiv-RTP, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (X.C.); (D.G.A.); (S.B.); (L.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Yu-Mei Tan
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Durham, NC 27709, USA;
| | - David G. Allen
- Inotiv-RTP, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (X.C.); (D.G.A.); (S.B.); (L.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Shannon Bell
- Inotiv-RTP, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (X.C.); (D.G.A.); (S.B.); (L.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Paul C. Brown
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; (P.C.B.); (A.J.S.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Lauren Browning
- Inotiv-RTP, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (X.C.); (D.G.A.); (S.B.); (L.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Patricia Ceger
- Inotiv-RTP, 601 Keystone Park Drive, Suite 200, Morrisville, NC 27560, USA; (X.C.); (D.G.A.); (S.B.); (L.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Jeffery Gearhart
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA;
| | - Pertti J. Hakkinen
- National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA;
| | - Shruti V. Kabadi
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of Food Additive Safety, 5001 Campus Drive, HFS-275, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Nicole C. Kleinstreuer
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, P.O. Box 12233, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA;
| | - Annie Lumen
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA;
| | - Joanna Matheson
- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Division of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, 5 Research Place, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
| | - Alicia Paini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027 Ispra, Italy;
| | - Heather A. Pangburn
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, 2729 R Street, Area B, Building 837, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA;
| | - Elijah J. Petersen
- U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;
| | - Emily N. Reinke
- U.S. Army Public Health Center, 8252 Blackhawk Rd., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, USA;
| | - Alexandre J. S. Ribeiro
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; (P.C.B.); (A.J.S.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Nisha Sipes
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (N.S.); (J.F.W.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Lisa M. Sweeney
- UES, Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road, Beavercreek, OH 45432, Assigned to Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA;
| | - John F. Wambaugh
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (N.S.); (J.F.W.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Ronald Wange
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA; (P.C.B.); (A.J.S.R.); (R.W.)
| | - Barbara A. Wetmore
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 TW Alexander Dr., Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; (N.S.); (J.F.W.); (B.A.W.)
| | - Moiz Mumtaz
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Office of the Associate Director for Science, 1600 Clifton Road, S102-2, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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10
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Kettle JG, Bagal SK, Bickerton S, Bodnarchuk MS, Boyd S, Breed J, Carbajo RJ, Cassar DJ, Chakraborty A, Cosulich S, Cumming I, Davies M, Davies NL, Eatherton A, Evans L, Feron L, Fillery S, Gleave ES, Goldberg FW, Hanson L, Harlfinger S, Howard M, Howells R, Jackson A, Kemmitt P, Lamont G, Lamont S, Lewis HJ, Liu L, Niedbala MJ, Phillips C, Polanski R, Raubo P, Robb G, Robinson DM, Ross S, Sanders MG, Tonge M, Whiteley R, Wilkinson S, Yang J, Zhang W. Discovery of AZD4625, a Covalent Allosteric Inhibitor of the Mutant GTPase KRAS G12C. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6940-6952. [PMID: 35471939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
KRAS is an archetypal high-value intractable oncology drug target. The glycine to cysteine mutation at codon 12 represents an Achilles heel that has now rendered this important GTPase druggable. Herein, we report our structure-based drug design approach that led to the identification of 21, AZD4625, a clinical development candidate for the treatment of KRASG12C positive tumors. Highlights include a quinazoline tethering strategy to lock out a bio-relevant binding conformation and an optimization strategy focused on the reduction of extrahepatic clearance mechanisms seen in preclinical species. Crystallographic analysis was also key in helping to rationalize unusual structure-activity relationship in terms of ring size and enantio-preference. AZD4625 is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of KRASG12C with an anticipated low clearance and high oral bioavailability profile in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Scott Boyd
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Jason Breed
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Iain Cumming
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | | | | | - Laura Evans
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Lyman Feron
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | - Emma S Gleave
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne Jackson
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Paul Kemmitt
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | - Scott Lamont
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | - Libin Liu
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Radek Polanski
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Piotr Raubo
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | - Graeme Robb
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | - Sarah Ross
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | - Michael Tonge
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB4 0WG, U.K
| | | | | | - Junsheng Yang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
| | - Wenman Zhang
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., 6 Taihe Road BDA, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
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11
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Zheng G, Webster TF, Salamova A. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: Bioaccumulation Potentials in Humans and Levels in Blood before and during the Covid-19 Pandemic. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:14689-14698. [PMID: 34662096 PMCID: PMC8547165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are commonly used in a variety of consumer, pharmaceutical, and medical products. In this study, bioaccumulation potentials of 18 QACs with alkyl chain lengths of C8-C18 were determined in the in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) model using the results of human hepatic metabolism and serum protein binding experiments. The slowest in vivo clearance rates were estimated for C12-QACs, suggesting that these compounds may preferentially build up in blood. The bioaccumulation of QACs was further confirmed by the analysis of human blood (sera) samples (n = 222). Fifteen out of the 18 targeted QACs were detected in blood with the ΣQAC concentrations reaching up to 68.6 ng/mL. The blood samples were collected during two distinct time periods: before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic (2019; n = 111) and during the pandemic (2020, n = 111). The ΣQAC concentrations were significantly higher in samples collected during the pandemic (median 6.04 ng/mL) than in those collected before (median 3.41 ng/mL). This is the first comprehensive study on the bioaccumulation and biomonitoring of the three major QAC groups and our results provide valuable information for future epidemiological, toxicological, and risk assessment studies targeting these chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomao Zheng
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, United States
| | - Thomas F. Webster
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Amina Salamova
- O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, United States
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12
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Fang Y, Johnson H, Anderl JL, Muchamuel T, McMinn D, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Kirk C, Wang J. Role of epoxide hydrolases and cytochrome P450s on metabolism of KZR-616, a first-in-class selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:810-821. [PMID: 34234005 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
KZR-616 is an irreversible tripeptide epoxyketone-based selective inhibitor of the human immunoproteasome. Inhibition of the immunoproteasome results in anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and, based on promising therapeutic activity in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), KZR-616 is being developed for potential treatment of multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The presence of a ketoepoxide pharmacophore presents unique challenges in the study of drug metabolism during lead optimization and clinical candidate profiling. This study presents a thorough and systematic in vitro and cell-based enzymatic metabolism and kinetic investigation to identify the major enzymes involved in the metabolism and elimination of KZR-616. Upon exposure to liver microsomes in the absence of NADPH, KZR-616 and its analogs were converted to their inactive diol derivatives with varying degrees of stability. Diol formation was also shown to be the major metabolite in pharmacokinetic studies in monkeys and correlated with in vitro stability results for individual compounds. Further study in intact hepatocytes and a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line revealed that KZR-616 metabolism was sensitive to an inhibitor of microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) but not inhibitors of cytochrome P450 (CYP) or soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Primary human hepatocytes were determined to be the most robust source of mEH activity for study in vitro These findings also suggest that the exposure of KZR-616 in vivo is unlikely to be affected by co-administration of inhibitors or inducers of CYP and sEH. Significance Statement This work presents a thorough and systematic investigation of metabolism and kinetic of KZR-616 and other peptide epoxyketones in in vitro and cell-based enzymatic systems. Gained information could be useful in assessing novel covalent proteasome inhibitors during lead compound optimization. The study also demonstrates a robust source of in vitro metabolism identification that correlated very well with in vivo PK metabolism for peptide epoxyketones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California - Davis, United States
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13
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Dhuria NV, Haro B, Kapadia A, Lobo KA, Matusow B, Schleiff MA, Tantoy C, Sodhi JK. Recent developments in predicting CYP-independent metabolism. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:188-206. [PMID: 33941024 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1923728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As lead optimization efforts have successfully reduced metabolic liabilities due to cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism, there has been an increase in the frequency of involvement of non-CYP enzymes in the metabolism of investigational compounds. Although there have been numerous notable advancements in the characterization of non-CYP enzymes with respect to their localization, reaction mechanisms, species differences and identification of typical substrates, accurate prediction of non-CYP-mediated clearance, with a particular emphasis with the difficulties in accounting for any extrahepatic contributions, remains a challenge. The current manuscript comprehensively summarizes the recent advancements in the prediction of drug metabolism and the in vitro to in vitro extrapolation of clearance for substrates of non-CYP drug metabolizing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhilesh V Dhuria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Bianka Haro
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amit Kapadia
- California Poison Control Center, University of California San Francisco, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Bernice Matusow
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Plexxikon Inc, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mary A Schleiff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Christina Tantoy
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Plexxikon Inc, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jasleen K Sodhi
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Plexxikon Inc, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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14
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Abstract
Accurate estimation of in vivo clearance in human is pivotal to determine the dose and dosing regimen for drug development. In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) has been performed to predict drug clearance using empirical and physiological scalars. Multiple in vitro systems and mathematical modeling techniques have been employed to estimate in vivo clearance. The models for predicting clearance have significantly improved and have evolved to become more complex by integrating multiple processes such as drug metabolism and transport as well as passive diffusion. This chapter covers the use of conventional as well as recently developed methods to predict metabolic and transporter-mediated clearance along with the advantages and disadvantages of using these methods and the associated experimental considerations. The general approaches to improve IVIVE by use of appropriate scalars, incorporation of extrahepatic metabolism and transport and application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models with proteomics data are also discussed. The chapter also provides an overview of the advantages of using such dynamic mechanistic models over static models for clearance predictions to improve IVIVE.
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15
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Chen W, Boras B, Sung T, Hu W, Spilker ME, D'Argenio DZ. Predicting Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia and Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Response Using Model-Based In Vitro to Clinical Translation. AAPS J 2020; 22:143. [PMID: 33156437 PMCID: PMC7764847 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to predict the incidence of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in early drug development can inform risk monitoring and mitigation strategies, as well as decisions on advancing compounds to clinical trials. In this report, a physiological model of granulopoiesis that incorporates the drug's mechanism of action on cell cycle proliferation of bone marrow progenitor cells was extended to include the action of the cytotoxic agents paclitaxel, carboplatin, doxorubicin, and gemcitabine. In vitro bone marrow studies were conducted with each compound, and results were used to determine the model's drug effect parameters. Population simulations were performed to predict the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and incidence of neutropenia for each compound, which were compared to results reported in the literature. In addition, using the single agent in vitro study results, the model was able to predict ANC time course in response to paclitaxel plus carboplatin in combination, which compared favorably to the results reported in a phase 1 clinical trial of 46 patients (r2 = 0.70). Model simulations were used to compare the relative risk (RR) of neutropenia in patients with high baseline ANCs for five chemotherapeutic regimens: doxorubicin (RR = 0.59), paclitaxel plus carboplatin combination (RR = 0.079), carboplatin (RR = 0.047), paclitaxel (RR = 0.031), and gemcitabine (RR = 0.013). Finally, the model was applied to quantify the reduced incidence of neutropenia with coadministration of pegfilgrastim or filgrastim, for both paclitaxel and the combination of paclitaxel plus carboplatin. The model provides a framework for predicting clinical neutropenia using in vitro bone marrow studies of anticancer agents that may guide drug development decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA
| | - Britton Boras
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tae Sung
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Wenyue Hu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mary E Spilker
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David Z D'Argenio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90089, USA.
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16
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Wang L, Guo L, Wang Y, Guo R, Xu Z, Gao Z, Xie L, Chen J, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Bao L, Xu W, Zhu M, Shao F, Shu Y. Metabolic disposition of [ 14 C]-abivertinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor: Role of glutathione conjugation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:1475-1485. [PMID: 32959915 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of abivertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Seven patients with advanced NSCLC were given a single 200 mg/83 μCi oral suspension of [14 C]-abivertinib. Blood, urine and faeces were collected. Mass balance of radioactivity, the pharmacokinetics of abivertinib, and the total radioactivity were determined. Metabolite profiling and characterisation were performed. RESULTS The mean recovery was 82.16%, with 2.38 and 79.78% of the radioactive dose excreted in urine and faeces, respectively. The unchanged abivertinib was the major radioactive component detected in plasma within the first 24 hours after dosing, accounting for 59.17% of the total drug-related radioactivity. Abivertinib in urine accounted for only 0.96% of the administered dose, whereas in faeces it accounted for 33.36%. Eight metabolites were detected and characterised in plasma, among which MII-7, a product of cysteine glycine conjugate, was the only circulating metabolite, accounting for approximate 10.6% of the total drug-related exposure. MII-2 (an abivertinib cysteine-glycine adduct) and M7 (a reduced product of abivertinib) were the 2 major metabolites in the excreta, accounting for 20.0 and 12.4%, respectively, of the drug-related radioactivity in faeces. CONCLUSION Following a single oral administration, the unchanged abivertinib was the predominant drug-related material in plasma, urine and faeces. The drug-related materials were primarily eliminated via the faecal route. Direct glutathione conjugation of abivertinib played a significant role in the metabolic clearance and metabolite exposure of abivertinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lian Guo
- Department of DMPK Service, Lab Testing Division, WuXi AppTec Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of DMPK Service, Lab Testing Division, WuXi AppTec Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Renhua Guo
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengzhen Gao
- Department of DMPK Service, Lab Testing Division, WuXi AppTec Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Xie
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwen Zhang
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Bao
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wanhong Xu
- ACEA Pharmaceutical Research, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingshe Zhu
- Department of DMPK Service, Lab Testing Division, WuXi AppTec Co. Ltd., Nanjing, China.,MassDefect Technologies, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Feng Shao
- Phase 1 Clinical Trial Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Baillie TA. Approaches to mitigate the risk of serious adverse reactions in covalent drug design. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:275-287. [PMID: 33006907 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1832079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Covalent inhibition of target proteins using high affinity ligands bearing weakly electrophilic warheads is being adopted increasingly as design strategy in the discovery of novel therapeutics, and several covalent drugs have now received regulatory approval for indications in oncology. Experience to date with targeted covalent inhibitors has led to a number of design principles that underlie the safety and efficacy of this increasingly important class of molecules. AREAS COVERED A review is provided of the current status of the covalent drug approach, emphasizing the unique benefits and attendant risks associated with reversible and irreversible binders. Areas of application beyond inhibition of tyrosine kinases are presented, and design considerations to de-risk covalent inhibitors with respect to undesirable off-target effects are discussed. EXPERT OPINION High selectivity for the intended protein target has emerged as a key consideration in mitigating safety risks associated with widespread proteome reactivity. Powerful chemical proteomics-based techniques are now available to assess selectivity in a drug discovery setting. Optimizing pharmacokinetics to capitalize on the intrinsically high potency of covalent drugs should lead to low daily doses and greater safety margins, while minimizing susceptibility to metabolic activation likewise will attenuate the risk of covalent drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Baillie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington Seattle, Seattle, WA, USA
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18
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Fell JB, Fischer JP, Baer BR, Blake JF, Bouhana K, Briere DM, Brown KD, Burgess LE, Burns AC, Burkard MR, Chiang H, Chicarelli MJ, Cook AW, Gaudino JJ, Hallin J, Hanson L, Hartley DP, Hicken EJ, Hingorani GP, Hinklin RJ, Mejia MJ, Olson P, Otten JN, Rhodes SP, Rodriguez ME, Savechenkov P, Smith DJ, Sudhakar N, Sullivan FX, Tang TP, Vigers GP, Wollenberg L, Christensen JG, Marx MA. Identification of the Clinical Development Candidate MRTX849, a Covalent KRASG12C Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6679-6693. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay B. Fell
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - John P. Fischer
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Brian R. Baer
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - James F. Blake
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Karyn Bouhana
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - David M. Briere
- Mirati Therapeutics, 9393 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Karin D. Brown
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Laurence E. Burgess
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Aaron C. Burns
- Mirati Therapeutics, 9393 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Michael R. Burkard
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Harrah Chiang
- Mirati Therapeutics, 9393 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Mark J. Chicarelli
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Adam W. Cook
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - John J. Gaudino
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Jill Hallin
- Mirati Therapeutics, 9393 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Lauren Hanson
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Dylan P. Hartley
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Erik J. Hicken
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Gary P. Hingorani
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Ronald J. Hinklin
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Macedonio J. Mejia
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Peter Olson
- Mirati Therapeutics, 9393 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Jennifer N. Otten
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Susan P. Rhodes
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Martha E. Rodriguez
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Pavel Savechenkov
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Darin J. Smith
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Niranjan Sudhakar
- Mirati Therapeutics, 9393 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Francis X. Sullivan
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Tony P. Tang
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Guy P. Vigers
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Lance Wollenberg
- Array BioPharma Inc, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - James G. Christensen
- Mirati Therapeutics, 9393 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | - Matthew A. Marx
- Mirati Therapeutics, 9393 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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19
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Wang X, Liu Q, Zhong W, Yang L, Yang J, Covaci A, Zhu L. Estimating renal and hepatic clearance rates of organophosphate esters in humans: Impacts of intrinsic metabolism and binding affinity with plasma proteins. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 134:105321. [PMID: 31783242 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The renal and hepatic clearance rates of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in humans were estimated. Six OPEs and their corresponding diester metabolites (mOPEs) were quantified respectively in 30 paired human plasma and urine samples collected in Hengshui, Hebei province, China. The renal clearance rate (CLrenal) of triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tris(chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and tris(1,3-dichloro-isopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) was estimated to be 68.9, 50.9 and 33.3 mL/kg/day, respectively, while it was not calculated for other three OPEs due to the low detection frequencies in human samples. To estimate the clearance rates of the target OPEs, hepatic clearance rates (CLh) of OPEs were extrapolated from their in vitro intrinsic clearance data in human liver microsomes (CLHLM). The calculated CLh values of TCEP and TDCIPP were comparable to their CLrenal, indicating that the in vitro extrapolation method was suitable for estimating the clearance rates of OPEs. The higher binding affinity of TDCIPP with plasma proteins could reduce its renal clearance. The estimated half-lives of Cl-OPEs in human were longer than those of the aryl- and alkyl-OPEs. This study provided a feasible in vitro method to predict the clearance and half-lives of OPEs in human, which is significant for their accurate health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Qing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Wenjue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China.
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Dai J, Yang L, Addison G. Current Status in the Discovery of Covalent Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) Inhibitors. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1531-1543. [PMID: 31288716 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190617152011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The search for inhibitors of the Janus kinase family (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3 and TYK2) has been ongoing for several decades and has resulted in a number of JAK inhibitors being approved for use in patients, such as tofacitinib for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Although initially thought to be a JAK3 selective inhibitor, tofacitinib was subsequently found to possess significant activity to inhibit JAK1 and JAK2 which has contributed to some adverse side effects. A selective JAK3 inhibitor should only have an effect within the immune system since JAK3 is solely expressed in lymphoid tissue; this makes JAK3 a target of interest in the search for treatments of autoimmune diseases. A method to obtain selectivity for JAK3 over the other JAK family members, which has attracted more scientific attention recently, is the targeting of the active site cysteine residue, unique in JAK3 within the JAK family, with compounds containing electrophilic warheads which can form a covalent bond with the nucleophilic thiol of the cysteine residue. This review encompasses the historical search for a covalent JAK3 inhibitor and the most recently published research which hasn't been reviewed to date. The most important compounds from the publications reviewed the activity and selectivity of these compounds together with some of the more important biological results are condensed in to an easily digested form that should prove useful for those interested in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Dai
- Changzhou Fangyuan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu, PC 213125, China
| | - LiXi Yang
- Changzhou Fangyuan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu, PC 213125, China
| | - Glynn Addison
- Changzhou Fangyuan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu, PC 213125, China
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Wang Y, Dai Y, Wu X, Li F, Liu B, Li C, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Wang B, Zhu M, Cui R, Tan X, Xiong Z, Liu J, Tan M, Xu Y, Geng M, Jiang H, Liu H, Ai J, Zheng M. Discovery and Development of a Series of Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone Compounds as the Novel Covalent Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors by the Rational Drug Design. J Med Chem 2019; 62:7473-7488. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fei Li
- School of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 ShangDa Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | | | | | | | - Yuanyang Zhou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | | | - Xiaoqin Tan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaoping Xiong
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Hualiang Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | | | - Jing Ai
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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Podoll T, Pearson PG, Evarts J, Ingallinera T, Bibikova E, Sun H, Gohdes M, Cardinal K, Sanghvi M, Slatter JG. Bioavailability, Biotransformation, and Excretion of the Covalent Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Acalabrutinib in Rats, Dogs, and Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 47:145-154. [PMID: 30442651 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.084459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acalabrutinib is a targeted, covalent inhibitor of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) with a unique 2-butynamide warhead that has relatively lower reactivity than other marketed acrylamide covalent inhibitors. A human [14C] microtracer bioavailability study in healthy subjects revealed moderate intravenous clearance (39.4 l/h) and an absolute bioavailability of 25.3% ± 14.3% (n = 8). Absorption and elimination of acalabrutinib after a 100 mg [14C] microtracer acalabrutinib oral dose was rapid, with the maximum concentration reached in <1 hour and elimination half-life values of <2 hours. Low concentrations of radioactivity persisted longer in the blood cell fraction and a peripheral blood mononuclear cell subfraction (enriched in target BTK) relative to plasma. [14C]Acalabrutinib was metabolized to more than three dozen metabolites detectable by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, with primary metabolism by CYP3A-mediated oxidation of the pyrrolidine ring, thiol conjugation of the butynamide warhead, and amide hydrolysis. A major active, circulating, pyrrolidine ring-opened metabolite, ACP-5862 (4-[8-amino-3-[4-(but-2-ynoylamino)butanoyl]imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-1-yl]-N-(2-pyridyl)benzamide), was produced by CYP3A oxidation.Novel enol thioethers from the 2-butynamide warhead arose from glutathione and/or cysteine Michael additions and were subject to hydrolysis to a β-ketoamide. Total radioactivity recovery was 95.7% ± 4.6% (n = 6), with 12.0% of dose in urine and 83.5% in feces. Excretion and metabolism characteristics were generally similar in rats and dogs. Acalabrutinib's highly selective, covalent mechanism of action, coupled with rapid absorption and elimination, enables high and sustained BTK target occupancy after twice-daily administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Podoll
- Acerta Pharma, South San Francisco, California (T.P., J.E., T.I., E.B., J.G.S.); Pearson Pharma Partners, Westlake Village, California (P.G.P.); Covance, Madison, Wisconsin (H.S., M.G., K.C.); and Xceleron, Germantown, Maryland (M.S.)
| | - Paul G Pearson
- Acerta Pharma, South San Francisco, California (T.P., J.E., T.I., E.B., J.G.S.); Pearson Pharma Partners, Westlake Village, California (P.G.P.); Covance, Madison, Wisconsin (H.S., M.G., K.C.); and Xceleron, Germantown, Maryland (M.S.)
| | - Jerry Evarts
- Acerta Pharma, South San Francisco, California (T.P., J.E., T.I., E.B., J.G.S.); Pearson Pharma Partners, Westlake Village, California (P.G.P.); Covance, Madison, Wisconsin (H.S., M.G., K.C.); and Xceleron, Germantown, Maryland (M.S.)
| | - Tim Ingallinera
- Acerta Pharma, South San Francisco, California (T.P., J.E., T.I., E.B., J.G.S.); Pearson Pharma Partners, Westlake Village, California (P.G.P.); Covance, Madison, Wisconsin (H.S., M.G., K.C.); and Xceleron, Germantown, Maryland (M.S.)
| | - Elena Bibikova
- Acerta Pharma, South San Francisco, California (T.P., J.E., T.I., E.B., J.G.S.); Pearson Pharma Partners, Westlake Village, California (P.G.P.); Covance, Madison, Wisconsin (H.S., M.G., K.C.); and Xceleron, Germantown, Maryland (M.S.)
| | - Hao Sun
- Acerta Pharma, South San Francisco, California (T.P., J.E., T.I., E.B., J.G.S.); Pearson Pharma Partners, Westlake Village, California (P.G.P.); Covance, Madison, Wisconsin (H.S., M.G., K.C.); and Xceleron, Germantown, Maryland (M.S.)
| | - Mark Gohdes
- Acerta Pharma, South San Francisco, California (T.P., J.E., T.I., E.B., J.G.S.); Pearson Pharma Partners, Westlake Village, California (P.G.P.); Covance, Madison, Wisconsin (H.S., M.G., K.C.); and Xceleron, Germantown, Maryland (M.S.)
| | - Kristen Cardinal
- Acerta Pharma, South San Francisco, California (T.P., J.E., T.I., E.B., J.G.S.); Pearson Pharma Partners, Westlake Village, California (P.G.P.); Covance, Madison, Wisconsin (H.S., M.G., K.C.); and Xceleron, Germantown, Maryland (M.S.)
| | - Mitesh Sanghvi
- Acerta Pharma, South San Francisco, California (T.P., J.E., T.I., E.B., J.G.S.); Pearson Pharma Partners, Westlake Village, California (P.G.P.); Covance, Madison, Wisconsin (H.S., M.G., K.C.); and Xceleron, Germantown, Maryland (M.S.)
| | - J Greg Slatter
- Acerta Pharma, South San Francisco, California (T.P., J.E., T.I., E.B., J.G.S.); Pearson Pharma Partners, Westlake Village, California (P.G.P.); Covance, Madison, Wisconsin (H.S., M.G., K.C.); and Xceleron, Germantown, Maryland (M.S.)
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23
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Casimiro-Garcia A, Trujillo JI, Vajdos F, Juba B, Banker ME, Aulabaugh A, Balbo P, Bauman J, Chrencik J, Coe JW, Czerwinski R, Dowty M, Knafels JD, Kwon S, Leung L, Liang S, Robinson RP, Telliez JB, Unwalla R, Yang X, Thorarensen A. Identification of Cyanamide-Based Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) Covalent Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10665-10699. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John I. Trujillo
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Felix Vajdos
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Mary Ellen Banker
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ann Aulabaugh
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Jonathan Bauman
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jill Chrencik
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jotham W. Coe
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Martin Dowty
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - John D. Knafels
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Soojin Kwon
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Louis Leung
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Sidney Liang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ralph P. Robinson
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | | | - Xin Yang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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24
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Rioux N, Smith S, Korpal M, O’Shea M, Prajapati S, Zheng GZ, Warmuth M, Smith PG. Nonclinical pharmacokinetics and in vitro metabolism of H3B-6545, a novel selective ERα covalent antagonist (SERCA). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 83:151-160. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Di L. Reaction phenotyping to assess victim drug-drug interaction risks. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:1105-1115. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1367280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Di
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
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26
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Thorarensen A, Dowty ME, Banker ME, Juba B, Jussif J, Lin T, Vincent F, Czerwinski RM, Casimiro-Garcia A, Unwalla R, Trujillo JI, Liang S, Balbo P, Che Y, Gilbert AM, Brown MF, Hayward M, Montgomery J, Leung L, Yang X, Soucy S, Hegen M, Coe J, Langille J, Vajdos F, Chrencik J, Telliez JB. Design of a Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3) Specific Inhibitor 1-((2S,5R)-5-((7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-2-methylpiperidin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (PF-06651600) Allowing for the Interrogation of JAK3 Signaling in Humans. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1971-1993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin E. Dowty
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Louis Leung
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
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27
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Telliez JB, Dowty ME, Wang L, Jussif J, Lin T, Li L, Moy E, Balbo P, Li W, Zhao Y, Crouse K, Dickinson C, Symanowicz P, Hegen M, Banker ME, Vincent F, Unwalla R, Liang S, Gilbert AM, Brown MF, Hayward M, Montgomery J, Yang X, Bauman J, Trujillo JI, Casimiro-Garcia A, Vajdos FF, Leung L, Geoghegan KF, Quazi A, Xuan D, Jones L, Hett E, Wright K, Clark JD, Thorarensen A. Discovery of a JAK3-Selective Inhibitor: Functional Differentiation of JAK3-Selective Inhibition over pan-JAK or JAK1-Selective Inhibition. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3442-3451. [PMID: 27791347 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PF-06651600, a newly discovered potent JAK3-selective inhibitor, is highly efficacious at inhibiting γc cytokine signaling, which is dependent on both JAK1 and JAK3. PF-06651600 allowed the comparison of JAK3-selective inhibition to pan-JAK or JAK1-selective inhibition, in relevant immune cells to a level that could not be achieved previously without such potency and selectivity. In vitro, PF-06651600 inhibits Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation and function, and in vivo it reduces disease pathology in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis as well as in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models. Importantly, by sparing JAK1 function, PF-06651600 selectively targets γc cytokine pathways while preserving JAK1-dependent anti-inflammatory signaling such as the IL-10 suppressive functions following LPS treatment in macrophages and the suppression of TNFα and IL-1β production in IL-27-primed macrophages. Thus, JAK3-selective inhibition differentiates from pan-JAK or JAK1 inhibition in various immune cellular responses, which could potentially translate to advantageous clinical outcomes in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Telliez
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin E. Dowty
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jason Jussif
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tsung Lin
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Li Li
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Erick Moy
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Paul Balbo
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yajuan Zhao
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly Crouse
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Caitlyn Dickinson
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Symanowicz
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Hegen
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mary Ellen Banker
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Fabien Vincent
- Primary Pharmacology Group, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ray Unwalla
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sidney Liang
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Adam M. Gilbert
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew F. Brown
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew Hayward
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Justin Montgomery
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Xin Yang
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jonathan Bauman
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John I. Trujillo
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Agustin Casimiro-Garcia
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Felix F. Vajdos
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Louis Leung
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kieran F. Geoghegan
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Amira Quazi
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dejun Xuan
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lyn Jones
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Erik Hett
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Katherine Wright
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James D. Clark
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Atli Thorarensen
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Worldwide R&D, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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