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Sugiyama K, Shimano H, Takahashi M, Shimura Y, Shimura A, Furuya T, Tomabechi R, Shirasaka Y, Higuchi K, Kishimoto H, Inoue K. The Use of Carboxyfluorescein Reveals the Transport Function of MCT6/SLC16A5 Associated with CD147 as a Chloride-Sensitive Organic Anion Transporter in Mammalian Cells. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1113-1120. [PMID: 38160712 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Oral drug absorption involves drug permeation across the apical and basolateral membranes of enterocytes. Although transporters mediating the influx of anionic drugs in the apical membranes have been identified, transporters responsible for efflux in the basolateral membranes remain unclear. Monocarboxylate transporter 6 (MCT6/SLC16A5) has been reported to localize to the apical and basolateral membranes of human enterocytes and to transport organic anions such as bumetanide and nateglinide in the Xenopus oocyte expression system; however, its transport functions have not been elucidated in detail. In this study, we characterized the function of MCT6 expressed in HEK293T cells and explored fluorescent probes to more easily evaluate MCT6 function. The results illustrated that MCT6 interacts with CD147 to localize at the plasma membrane. When the uptake of various fluorescein derivatives was examined in NaCl-free uptake buffer (pH 5.5), the uptake of 5-carboxyfluorescein (5-CF) was significantly greater in MCT6 and CD147-expressing cells. MCT6-mediated 5-CF uptake was saturable with a Km of 1.07 mM and inhibited by several substrates/inhibitors of organic anion transporters and extracellular Cl ion with an IC50 of 53.7 mM. These results suggest that MCT6 is a chloride-sensitive organic anion transporter that can be characterized using 5-CF as a fluorescent probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koki Sugiyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroe Shimano
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Takahashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Shimura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Shimura
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahito Furuya
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuto Tomabechi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kei Higuchi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisanao Kishimoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Inoue
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
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Imakura Y, Mima S, Yamazaki N, Inomata A, Mochizuki S, Iwao T, Matsunaga T. Utility of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells for pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and immunological studies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149356. [PMID: 38071890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The small intestine, which plays a crucial role in the absorption and metabolism of drugs and foods, serves as a target organ for drug-induced toxicity and immune interactions with functional foods and intestinal bacteria. Current alternative models of the human small intestine, such as Caco-2 cells and experimental animals, have limitations due to variations in the expression levels of metabolic enzymes, transporters, and receptors. This study presents investigations into the utility of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells (hiSIECs) for pharmacokinetic, toxicological, and immunological studies, respectively. While hiSIECs displayed small intestinal epithelial cell characteristics and barrier function, they demonstrated pharmacokinetic properties such as cytochrome P450 3A4/5 activity equivalent to human primary enterocytes and stable P-glycoprotein activity. These cells also demonstrated potential for assessing two forms of intestinal toxicity caused by anticancer drugs and gamma-secretase inhibitors, displaying immune responses mediated by toll-like and fatty acid receptors while serving as an inflammatory gut model through the addition of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma. Overall, hiSIECs hold promise as an in vitro model for assessing pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and effects on the intestinal immunity of pharmaceuticals, functional foods, supplements, and intestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Imakura
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shinji Mima
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan
| | - Nao Yamazaki
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan
| | - Akira Inomata
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mochizuki
- Bio Science & Engineering Laboratory, FUJIFILM Corporation, 577 Ushijima, Kaisei-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 258-8577, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
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Zhang Z, Zuo L, Song X, Wang L, Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Huang J, Zhao T, Yang Z, Zhang H, Li J, Zhang X, Geng Z, Wang Y, Ge S, Hu J. Arjunolic acid protects the intestinal epithelial barrier, ameliorating Crohn's disease-like colitis by restoring gut microbiota composition and inactivating TLR4 signalling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155223. [PMID: 38134862 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by an overabundance of epithelial cell death and an imbalance in microflora, both of which contribute to the dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. Arjunolic acid (AA) has anti-apoptotic effects and regulates microbiota efficacy. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the treatment on colitis resembling Crohn's disease, along with exploring the potential underlying mechanism. METHODS CD animal models were created using Il-10-/- mice, and the impact of AA on colitis in mice was evaluated through disease activity index, weight fluctuations, pathological examination, and assessment of intestinal barrier function. To clarify the direct role of AA on intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis, organoids were induced by LPS, and TUNEL staining was performed. To investigate the potential mechanisms of AA in protecting the intestinal barrier, various methods including bioinformatics analysis and FMT experiments were employed. RESULTS The treatment for AA enhanced the condition of colitis and the function of the intestinal barrier in Il-10-/- mice. This was demonstrated by the amelioration of weight loss, reduction in tissue inflammation score, and improvement in intestinal permeability. Moreover, AA suppressed the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in Il-10-/- mice and LPS-induced colon organoids, while also reducing the levels of Bax and C-caspase-3. In terms of mechanism, AA suppressed the activation of TLR4 signaling in Il-10-/- mice and colon organoids induced by LPS. In addition, AA increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria in the stool of Il-10-/- mice, and transplantation of feces from AA-treated mice improved CD-like colitis. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study demonstrate that AA has a protective effect on the intestinal barrier in Crohn's disease-like colitis by preventing apoptosis. Additionally, this groundbreaking study reveals the capacity of AA to hinder TLR4 signaling and alter the makeup of the intestinal microbiome. The findings present fresh possibilities for treating individuals diagnosed with Crohn's disease. AA offers a hopeful novel strategy for managing Crohn's disease by obstructing crucial pathways implicated in intestinal inflammation and enhancing the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zining Zhang
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Song
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China; Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ju Huang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Tianhao Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu, Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China; Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China; Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu, Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Anhui, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu, Medical College, Bengbu, China.
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Michiba K, Watanabe K, Imaoka T, Nakai D. Recent Advances in the Gastrointestinal Complex in Vitro Model for ADME Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:37. [PMID: 38258048 PMCID: PMC10819272 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal absorption is a complex process involving the permeability of the epithelial barrier, efflux transporter activity, and intestinal metabolism. Identifying the key factors that govern intestinal absorption for each investigational drug is crucial. To assess and predict intestinal absorption in humans, it is necessary to leverage appropriate in vitro systems. Traditionally, Caco-2 monolayer systems and intestinal Ussing chamber studies have been considered the 'gold standard' for studying intestinal absorption. However, these methods have limitations that hinder their universal use in drug discovery and development. Recently, there has been an increasing number of reports on complex in vitro models (CIVMs) using human intestinal organoids derived from intestinal tissue specimens or iPSC-derived enterocytes plated on 2D or 3D in microphysiological systems. These CIVMs provide a more physiologically relevant representation of key ADME-related proteins compared to conventional in vitro methods. They hold great promise for use in drug discovery and development due to their ability to replicate the expressions and functions of these proteins. This review highlights recent advances in gut CIVMs employing intestinal organoid model systems compared to conventional methods. It is important to note that each CIVM should be tailored to the investigational drug properties and research questions at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Michiba
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan; (K.W.); (T.I.); (D.N.)
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5
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Kondo S, Miyake M. Simultaneous Prediction Method for Intestinal Absorption and Metabolism Using the Mini-Ussing Chamber System. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2732. [PMID: 38140073 PMCID: PMC10747201 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Many evaluation tools for predicting human absorption are well-known for using cultured cell lines such as Caco-2, MDCK, and so on. Since the combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening system, pharmacological assay, and pharmaceutical profiling assay are mainstays of drug development, PAMPA has been used to evaluate human drug absorption. In addition, cultured cell lines from iPS cells have been attracting attention because they morphologically resemble human intestinal tissues. In this review, we used human intestinal tissues to estimate human intestinal absorption and metabolism. The Ussing chamber uses human intestinal tissues to directly assay a drug candidate's permeability and determine the electrophysiological parameters such as potential differences (PD), short circuit current (Isc), and resistance (R). Thus, it is an attractive tool for elucidating human intestinal permeability and metabolism. We have presented a novel prediction method for intestinal absorption and metabolism by utilizing a mini-Ussing chamber using human intestinal tissues and animal intestinal tissues, based on the transport index (TI). The TI value was calculated by taking the change in drug concentrations on the apical side due to precipitation and the total amounts accumulated in the tissue (Tcorr) and transported to the basal side (Xcorr). The drug absorbability in rank order, as well as the fraction of dose absorbed (Fa) in humans, was predicted, and the intestinal metabolism of dogs and rats was also predicted, although it was not quantitative. However, the metabolites formation index (MFI) values, which are included in the TI values, can predict the evaluation of intestinal metabolism and absorption by using ketoconazole. Therefore, the mini-Ussing chamber, equipped with human and animal intestinal tissues, would be an ultimate method to predict intestinal absorption and metabolism simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kondo
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 460-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan;
- Department of Drug Safety Research, Nonclinical Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 460-10 Kagasuno Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Masateru Miyake
- Business Integrity and External Affairs, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2-16-4 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8242, Japan
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6
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Hashimoto Y, Maeda K, Shimomura O, Miyazaki Y, Hashimoto S, Moriyama A, Oda T, Kusuhara H. Evaluation of the risk of diarrhea induced by epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors with cultured intestinal stem cells originated from crypts in humans and monkeys. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 93:105691. [PMID: 37660997 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe diarrhea is a common side effect of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). We aimed to evaluate the risk of EGFR-TKI-induced diarrhea using spheroids of human and monkey crypt-derived intestinal stem cells. Intestinal spheroids exhibited higher toxic susceptibility to EGFR-TKIs than Caco-2 cells. As concentration of EGFR-TKIs increased, cellular ATP first decreased relative to the control condition, followed by an increase in LDH release, in contrast with their simultaneous changes with traditional cytotoxic anticancer drugs. The toxic sensitivity of spheroids to various EGFR-TKIs corresponded to clinical diarrhea incidence. Afatinib, a second-generation EGFR-TKI, exhibited higher toxic sensitivity compared with the first-generation ones, corresponding to the clinical evidence that afatinib-induced diarrhea is almost inevitable and severe. By contrast, the third-generation osimertinib, which reduces the risk of diarrhea, showed mitigated cytotoxicity compared with afatinib. For irreversible EGFR-TKIs, the decreased ATP level persisted or its recovery was delayed even after drug removal compared with reversible ones. Furthermore, the highest drug accumulation in spheroids (TKIspheroids) and inhibition potency against EGFR (TKIspheroids/Ki) were observed for afatinib. This system would be useful for predicting the risk of EGFR-TKI-induced diarrhea; moreover, on-target cytotoxicity against intestinal stem cells might contribute to clinically observed diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Osamu Shimomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shinji Hashimoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiko Moriyama
- Pathology Department, Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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7
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Maeda K. Quantitative Prediction of Intestinal Absorption of Drugs from In Vitro Study: Utilization of Differentiated Intestinal Epithelial Cells Derived from Intestinal Stem Cells at Crypts. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1136-1144. [PMID: 37142427 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediction of intestinal absorption of drugs in humans is one of the critical elements in the development process for oral drugs. However, it remains challenging, because intestinal absorption of drugs is influenced by multiple factors, including the function of various metabolic enzymes and transporters, and large species differences in drug bioavailability hinder the prediction of human bioavailability directly from in vivo animal experiments. For the screening of intestinal absorption properties of drugs, a transcellular transport assay with Caco-2 cells is still routinely used by pharmaceutical companies because of its convenience, but the predictability of the fraction of the oral dose that goes to the portal vein of metabolic enzyme/transporter substrate drugs was not always good because the cellular expression of metabolic enzymes and transporters is different from that in the human intestine. Recently, various novel in vitro experimental systems have been proposed such as the use of human-derived intestinal samples, transcellular transport assay with induced pluripotent stem-derived enterocyte-like cells, or differentiated intestinal epithelial cells derived from intestinal stem cells at crypts. Crypt-derived differentiated epithelial cells have an excellent potential to characterize species differences and regional differences in intestinal absorption of drugs because a unified protocol can be used for the proliferation of intestinal stem cells and their differentiation into intestinal absorptive epithelial cells regardless of the animal species and the gene expression pattern of differentiated cells is maintained at the site of original crypts. The advantages and disadvantages of novel in vitro experimental systems for characterizing intestinal absorption of drugs are also discussed. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Among novel in vitro tools for the prediction of human intestinal absorption of drugs, crypt-derived differentiated epithelial cells have many advantages. Cultured intestinal stem cells are rapidly proliferated and easily differentiated into intestinal absorptive epithelial cells simply by changing the culture media. A unified protocol can be used for the establishment of intestinal stem cell culture from preclinical species and humans. Region-specific gene expression at the collection site of crypts can be reproduced in differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Yang W, Lipert M, Nofsinger R. Current screening, design, and delivery approaches to address low permeability of chemically synthesized modalities in drug discovery and early clinical development. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103685. [PMID: 37356613 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
A drug's permeability across biological membranes is a key property associated with the successful development of an orally absorbed drug candidate. Although a variety of methods are available for predicting and assessing permeability, some are more preferred than others at specific stages of drug discovery and development across the pharmaceutical industry. Permeability measurements may be interpreted differently depending on the chosen method. Herein, we present a refreshed perspective on the screening approaches and philosophy in permeability evaluation, from early drug discovery to early clinical development. Additionally, we review and discuss chemical design and drug delivery technologies that can be leveraged to overcome permeability challenges, which are increasingly being used with emerging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhan Yang
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA.
| | - Maya Lipert
- Molecular Profiling and Drug Delivery, Small Molecule CMC Development, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
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9
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Taherali F, Chouhan N, Wang F, Lavielle S, Baran M, McCoubrey LE, Basit AW, Yadav V. Impact of Peptide Structure on Colonic Stability and Tissue Permeability. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1956. [PMID: 37514143 PMCID: PMC10384666 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Most marketed peptide drugs are administered parenterally due to their inherent gastrointestinal (GI) instability and poor permeability across the GI epithelium. Several molecular design techniques, such as cyclisation and D-amino acid (D-AA) substitution, have been proposed to improve oral peptide drug bioavailability. However, very few of these techniques have been translated to the clinic. In addition, little is known about how synthetic peptide design may improve stability and permeability in the colon, a key site for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. In this study, we investigated the impact of various cyclisation modifications and D-AA substitutions on the enzymatic stability and colonic tissue permeability of native oxytocin and 11 oxytocin-based peptides. Results showed that the disulfide bond cyclisation present in native oxytocin provided an improved stability in a human colon model compared to a linear oxytocin derivative. Chloroacetyl cyclisation increased native oxytocin stability in the colonic model at 1.5 h by 30.0%, whereas thioether and N-terminal acetylated cyclisations offered no additional protection at 1.5 h. The site and number of D-AA substitutions were found to be critical for stability, with three D-AAs at Tyr, Ile and Leu, improving native oxytocin stability at 1.5 h in both linear and cyclic structures by 58.2% and 79.1%, respectively. Substitution of three D-AAs into native cyclic oxytocin significantly increased peptide permeability across rat colonic tissue; this may be because D-AA substitution favourably altered the peptide's secondary structure. This study is the first to show how the strategic design of peptide therapeutics could enable their delivery to the colon via the oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Taherali
- Intract Pharma Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK
- Sygnature Discovery, Bio City, Pennyfoot Street, Nottingham NG1 1GR, UK
| | - Nerisha Chouhan
- Intract Pharma Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK
| | - Fanjin Wang
- Intract Pharma Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK
| | | | - Maryana Baran
- Orbit Discovery, Schrodinger Building, Heatley Rd, Oxford OX4 4GE, UK
| | - Laura E McCoubrey
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Vipul Yadav
- Intract Pharma Ltd., London Bioscience Innovation Centre, 2 Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK
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10
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Masloh S, Culot M, Gosselet F, Chevrel A, Scapozza L, Zeisser Labouebe M. Challenges and Opportunities in the Oral Delivery of Recombinant Biologics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051415. [PMID: 37242657 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant biological molecules are at the cutting-edge of biomedical research thanks to the significant progress made in biotechnology and a better understanding of subcellular processes implicated in several diseases. Given their ability to induce a potent response, these molecules are becoming the drugs of choice for multiple pathologies. However, unlike conventional drugs which are mostly ingested, the majority of biologics are currently administered parenterally. Therefore, to improve their limited bioavailability when delivered orally, the scientific community has devoted tremendous efforts to develop accurate cell- and tissue-based models that allow for the determination of their capacity to cross the intestinal mucosa. Furthermore, several promising approaches have been imagined to enhance the intestinal permeability and stability of recombinant biological molecules. This review summarizes the main physiological barriers to the oral delivery of biologics. Several preclinical in vitro and ex vivo models currently used to assess permeability are also presented. Finally, the multiple strategies explored to address the challenges of administering biotherapeutics orally are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solene Masloh
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, University of Artois, UR 2465, Rue Jean Souvraz, 62300 Lens, France
- Affilogic, 24 Rue de la Rainière, 44300 Nantes, France
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Culot
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, University of Artois, UR 2465, Rue Jean Souvraz, 62300 Lens, France
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), Faculté des sciences Jean Perrin, University of Artois, UR 2465, Rue Jean Souvraz, 62300 Lens, France
| | - Anne Chevrel
- Affilogic, 24 Rue de la Rainière, 44300 Nantes, France
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Magali Zeisser Labouebe
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, 1 Rue Michel Servet, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Tian D, Yang Y, Zhang H, Du H, Zhou H, Wang T. Comparison of Ussing Chamber and Caco-2 Model in Evaluation of Intestinal Absorption Mechanism of Compounds from Different BCS Classifications. DRUG METABOLISM AND BIOANALYSIS LETTERS 2023; 16:105-112. [PMID: 37711012 DOI: 10.2174/2949681016666230913105920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral bioavailability (F), which is evaluated by permeability and solubility, is one of the key parameters in drug discovery. Currently, Caco-2 and Ussing chamber are both used in the study of intestinal permeability of drugs at different stages of drug development. However, comparative research between the Ussing chamber and Caco-2 for predicting the intestinal availability data (Fa×Fg) in humans has not been reported. METHODS In the present study, we evaluated the permeability of 22 drugs in rat intestines by Ussing chamber and compared them with the reported permeability data from Caco-2. In addition, the active transport of gabapentin was evaluated by Ussing Chamber. RESULTS Intestine segments were selected by corresponding absorption site for Ussing chamber analysis. BCS Class I and II compounds were more absorbed in the duodenum and jejunum, and Class III and IV compounds were more absorbed in the ileum. Papp values in the Caco-2 model were moderately correlated with human Fa×Fg (R2=0.722), and the Papp of the rat in the Ussing chamber revealed a better correlation with human Fa×Fg (R2=0.952). In addition, we also used the Ussing chamber to identify the transporter of gabapentin, and the results showed that the active absorption of gabapentin was related to LAT1. CONCLUSION Ussing chamber combined with rat intestinal tissue would be a significant tool for predicting the intestinal absorption and metabolism of compounds with diverse physiochemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tian
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Yingxin Yang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Hongwen Du
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100176, China
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12
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Streekstra EJ, Kiss M, van den Heuvel J, Nicolaï J, van den Broek P, Botden SMBI, Stommel MWJ, van Rijssel L, Ungell A, van de Steeg E, Russel FGM, de Wildt SN. A proof of concept using the Ussing chamber methodology to study pediatric intestinal drug transport and age-dependent differences in absorption. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:2392-2402. [PMID: 35962572 PMCID: PMC9579398 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of age on the processes governing human intestinal drug absorption. The Ussing chamber is a system to study drug transport across tissue barriers, but it has not been used to study drug absorption processes in children. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of the Ussing chamber methodology to assess pediatric intestinal drug absorption. Furthermore, differences between intestinal drug transport processes of children and adults were explored as well as the possible impact of age. Fresh terminal ileal leftover tissues from both children and adults were collected during surgery and prepared for Ussing chamber experiments. Paracellular (enalaprilat), transcellular (propranolol), and carrier-mediated drug transport by MDR1 (talinolol) and BCRP (rosuvastatin) were determined with the Ussing chamber methodology. We calculated apparent permeability coefficients and efflux ratios and explored their relationship with postnatal age. The success rate for the Ussing chamber experiments, as determined by electrophysiological measurements, was similar between children (58%, N = 15, median age: 44 weeks; range 8 weeks to 17 years) and adults (67%, N = 13). Mean serosal to mucosal transport of talinolol by MDR1 and rosuvastatin by BCRP was higher in adult than in pediatric tissues (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.0091). In contrast, within our pediatric cohort, there was no clear correlation for efflux transport across different ages. In conclusion, the Ussing chamber is a suitable model to explore pediatric intestinal drug absorption and can be used to further elucidate ontogeny of individual intestinal pharmacokinetic processes like drug metabolism and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva J. Streekstra
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands,Department of Metabolic Health ResearchTNOZeistThe Netherlands
| | - Márton Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van den Heuvel
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Johan Nicolaï
- Development ScienceUCB Biopharma SRLBraine‐l'AlleudBelgium
| | - Petra van den Broek
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Sanne M. B. I. Botden
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryRadboudumc‐Amalia Children's HospitalNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Lara van Rijssel
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Frans G. M. Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Saskia N. de Wildt
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands,Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric SurgeryErasmus MC‐Sophia Children's HospitalRotterdamThe Netherlands
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13
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Joshi A, Soni A, Acharya S. In vitro models and ex vivo systems used in inflammatory bowel disease. IN VITRO MODELS 2022. [PMID: 37519330 PMCID: PMC9036838 DOI: 10.1007/s44164-022-00017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing gastrointestinal condition. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are types of inflammatory bowel disease. Over many decades, the disease has been a topic of study, with experts still trying to figure out its cause and pathology. Researchers have established many in vivo animal models, in vitro cell lines, and ex vivo systems to understand its cause ultimately and adequately identify a therapy. However, in vivo animal models cannot be regarded as good models for studying IBD since they cannot completely simulate the disease. Furthermore, because species differences are a crucial subject of concern, in vitro cell lines and ex vivo systems can be employed to recreate the condition properly. In vitro models serve as the starting point for biological and medical research. Ex vivo and in vitro models for replicating gut physiology have been developed. This review aims to present a clear understanding of several in vitro and ex vivo models of IBD and provide insights into their benefits and limits and their value in understanding intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, SSR College of Pharmacy, Union Territory of Dadra 396230 Sayli, Silvassa, India
| | - Arun Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, SSR College of Pharmacy, Union Territory of Dadra 396230 Sayli, Silvassa, India
| | - Sanjeev Acharya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, SSR College of Pharmacy, Union Territory of Dadra 396230 Sayli, Silvassa, India
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14
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Hartwig O, Loretz B, Nougarede A, Jary D, Sulpice E, Gidrol X, Navarro F, Lehr CM. Leaky gut model of the human intestinal mucosa for testing siRNA-based nanomedicine targeting JAK1. J Control Release 2022; 345:646-660. [PMID: 35339579 PMCID: PMC9168449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Complex in vitro models of human immune cells and intestinal mucosa may have a translation-assisting role in the assessment of anti-inflammatory compounds. Chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract is a hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In both IBD entities, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, impaired immune cell activation and dysfunctional epithelial barrier are the common pathophysiology. Current therapeutic approaches are targeting single immune modulator molecules to stop disease progression and reduce adverse effects. Such molecular targets can be difficult to assess in experimental animal models of colitis, due to the disease complexity and species differences. Previously, a co-culture model based on human epithelial cells and monocytes arranged in a physiological microenvironment was used to mimic inflamed mucosa for toxicological and permeability studies. The leaky gut model described here, a co-culture of Caco-2, THP-1 and MUTZ-3 cells, was used to mimic IBD-related pathophysiology and for combined investigations of permeability and target engagement of two Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, tofacitinib (TOFA) and a JAK1-targeting siRNA nanomedicine. The co-culture just before reaching confluency of the epithelium was used to mimic the compromised intestinal barrier. Delivery efficacy and target engagement against JAK1 was quantified via downstream analysis of STAT1 protein phosphorylation after IFN-γ stimulation. Compared to a tight barrier, the leaky gut model showed 92 ± 5% confluence, a barrier function below 200 Ω*cm2, and enhanced immune response to bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharides. By confocal microscopy we observed an increased accumulation of siJAK1-nanoparticles within the sub-confluent regions leading to uptake into immune cells near the epithelium. A concentration-dependent downregulation of JAK/STAT pathway was observed for siJAK1-nanoparticles (10 ± 12% to 16 ± 12%), whereas TOFA inhibition was 86 ± 2%, compared to untreated cells. By mimicking the status of severely damaged epithelium, like in IBD, the leaky gut model holds promise as a human in vitro system to evaluate the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs and nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Hartwig
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Adrien Nougarede
- University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA LETI, Minatec Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Dorothée Jary
- University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA LETI, Minatec Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Sulpice
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG, Biomics, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Gidrol
- University Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG, Biomics, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabrice Navarro
- University Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA LETI, Minatec Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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15
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Chu F, Wan H, Xiao W, Dong H, Lü M. Ca 2+-Permeable Channels/Ca 2+ Signaling in the Regulation of Ileal Na +/Gln Co-Transport in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:816133. [PMID: 35281933 PMCID: PMC8905502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.816133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral glutamine (Gln) has been widely used in gastrointestinal (GI) clinical practice, but it is unclear if Ca2+ regulates intestinal Gln transport, although both of them are essential nutrients for mammals. Chambers were used to determine Gln (25 mM)-induced Isc through Na+/Gln co-transporters in the small intestine in the absence or the presence of selective activators or blockers of ion channels and transporters. Luminal but not serosal application of Gln induced marked intestinal Isc, especially in the distal ileum. Lowering luminal Na+ almost abolished the Gln-induced ileal Isc, in which the calcium-sensitive receptor (CaSR) activation were not involved. Ca2+ removal from both luminal and serosal sides of the ileum significantly reduced Gln- Isc. Blocking either luminal Ca2+ entry via the voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) release via inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R) and ryanodine receptor (RyR) attenuated the Gln-induced ileal Isc, Likewise, blocking serosal Ca2+ entry via the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), TRPV1/2 channels, and Na+/Ca2+ exchangers (NCX) attenuated the Gln-induced ileal Isc. In contrast, activating TRPV1/2 channels enhanced the Gln-induced ileal Isc. We concluded that Ca2+ signaling is critical for intestinal Gln transport, and multiple plasma membrane Ca2+-permeable channels and transporters play roles in this process. The Ca2+ regulation of ileal Na+/Gln transport expands our understanding of intestinal nutrient uptake and may be significant in GI health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglan Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hanxing Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhan Lü
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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16
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Arian CM, Imaoka T, Yang J, Kelly EJ, Thummel KE. Gutsy science: In vitro systems of the human intestine to model oral drug disposition. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 230:107962. [PMID: 34478775 PMCID: PMC8821120 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The intestine has important gate-keeping functions that can profoundly affect the systemic blood exposure of orally administered drugs. Thus, characterizing a new molecular entity's (NME) disposition within the intestine is of utmost importance in drug development. While currently used in vitro systems, such as Ussing chamber, precision-cut intestinal slices, immortalized cell lines, and primary enterocytes provide substantial knowledge about drug absorption and the intestinal first-pass effect, they remain sub-optimal for quantitatively predicting this process and the oral bioavailability of many drugs. Use of novel in vitro systems such as intestinal organoids and intestinal microphysiological systems have provided substantial advances over the past decade, expanding our understanding of intestinal physiology, pathology, and development. However, application of these emerging in vitro systems in the pharmaceutical science is in its infancy. Preliminary work has demonstrated that these systems more accurately recapitulate the physiology and biochemistry of the intact intestine, as it relates to oral drug disposition, and thus they hold considerable promise as preclinical testing platforms of the future. Here we review currently used and emerging in vitro models of the human intestine employed in pharmaceutical science research. We also highlight aspects of these emerging tools that require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Arian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tomoki Imaoka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jade Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Edward J Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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17
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Michiba K, Maeda K, Shimomura O, Miyazaki Y, Hashimoto S, Oda T, Kusuhara H. Usefulness of human jejunal spheroid-derived differentiated intestinal epithelial cells for the prediction of intestinal drug absorption in humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:204-213. [PMID: 34992074 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of human jejunal spheroid-derived differentiated intestinal epithelial cells as a novel in vitro model for clarifying the impact of intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters on the intestinal absorption of substrate drugs in humans. Three-dimensional human intestinal spheroids were successfully established from surgical human jejunal specimens and expanded for a long period using L-WRN-conditioned medium, which contains Wnt3a, R-spondin 3, and noggin. The mRNA expression levels of intestinal pharmacokinetics-related genes in the human jejunal spheroid-derived differentiated intestinal epithelial cells were drastically increased over a 5-day period after seeding compared with those in human jejunal spheroids and were approximately the same as those in human jejunal tissue over a culture period of at least 13 days. Activities of typical drug-metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450 [CYP] 3A, CYP2C9, uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A, and carboxylesterase 2) and uptake/efflux transporters (peptide transporter 1/SLC15A1, P-glycoprotein, and breast cancer resistance protein) in the differentiated cells were confirmed. Furthermore, intestinal availability (Fg) values estimated from the apical-to-basolateral permeation clearance across cell monolayer showed a good correlation with the in vivo Fg values in humans for five CYP3A substrate drugs (Fg range, 0.35-0.98). In conclusion, the functions of major intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters could be maintained in human jejunal spheroid-derived differentiated intestinal epithelial cells. This model would be useful for the quantitative evaluation of the impact of intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters on the intestinal absorption of substrate drugs in humans. Significance Statement Limited information is available regarding the quantitative prediction of the impact of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters on the human intestinal absorption of substrates using in vitro assays with differentiated cells derived from human intestinal spheroids/organoids. We confirmed the functions of typical drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in human jejunal spheroid-derived differentiated intestinal epithelial cells and demonstrated that Fg values estimated from apical-to-basolateral permeation clearance across cell monolayers showed a good correlation with in vivo human Fg values for CYP3A substrate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Michiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Univ. of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, The Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Japan
| | - Osamu Shimomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinji Hashimoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Hashimoto Y, Michiba K, Maeda K, Kusuhara H. Quantitative prediction of pharmacokinetic properties of drugs in humans: Recent advance in in vitro models to predict the impact of efflux transporters in the small intestine and blood-brain barrier. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 148:142-151. [PMID: 34924119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Efflux transport systems are essential to suppress the absorption of xenobiotics from the intestinal lumen and protect the critical tissues at the blood-tissue barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier. The function of drug efflux transport is dominated by various transporters. Accumulated clinical evidences have revealed that genetic variations of the transporters, together with coadministered drugs, affect the expression and/or function of transporters and subsequently the pharmacokinetics of substrate drugs. Thus, in the preclinical stage of drug development, quantitative prediction of the impact of efflux transporters as well as that of uptake transporters and metabolic enzymes on the pharmacokinetics of drugs in humans has been performed using various in vitro experimental tools. Various kinds of human-derived cell systems can be applied to the precise prediction of drug transport in humans. Mathematical modeling consisting of each intrinsic metabolic or transport process enables us to understand the disposition of drugs both at the organ level and at the level of the whole body by integrating a variety of experimental results into model parameters. This review focuses on the role of efflux transporters in the intestinal absorption and brain distribution of drugs, in addition to recent advances in predictive tools and methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Michiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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19
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Kitaguchi T, Mizota T, Ito M, Ohno K, Kobayashi K, Ogawa I, Qiu S, Iwao T, Hanioka N, Tanaka M, Matsunaga T. Simultaneous evaluation of membrane permeability and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-mediated metabolism of food-derived compounds using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:17-23. [PMID: 34670778 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic prediction after oral ingestion is important for quantitative risk assessment of food-derived compounds. To evaluate the utility of human intestinal absorption prediction, we compared the membrane permeability and metabolic activities of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal epithelial cells (hiPSC-SIECs) with Caco-2 cells or human primary enterocytes (hPECs). We found that membrane permeability in hiPSC-SIECs had better predictivity than that in Caco-2 cells against 21 drugs with known human intestinal availability (r = 0.830 and 0.401, respectively). Membrane permeability in hiPSC-SIECs was only 0.019-0.25-fold as compared with that in Caco-2 cells for 7 in 15 food-derived compounds, primarily those which were reported to undergo glucuronidation metabolism. The metabolic rates of the glucuronide conjugate were similar or higher in hiPSC-SIECs as compared with hPECs, while lower in Caco-2 cells. Expression levels of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoform mRNA in hiPSC-SIECs were similar or higher as compared with hPECs. Therefore, hiPSC-SIECs could be a useful tool for predicting human intestinal absorption, in order to simultaneously evaluate membrane permeability and UGT-mediated metabolism. Significance Statement Gastrointestinal absorption is an important step for predicting the internal exposure of food-derived compounds. This research revealed that human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived small intestinal cells (hiPSC-SIECs) had better predictivity of intestinal availability than Caco-2 cells; furthermore, the metabolic rates of UGT substrates of hiPSC-SIECs were closer those of human primary enterocytes than those of Caco-2 cells. Therefore, hiPSC-SIECs could be a useful tool for predicting human intestinal absorption to simultaneously evaluate membrane permeability and UGT-mediated metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kitaguchi
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Taisei Mizota
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Mina Ito
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Ohno
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Japan
| | | | - Isamu Ogawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
| | - Shimeng Qiu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
| | | | - Nobumitsu Hanioka
- Department of Health Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Tanaka
- Global Food Safety Institute, Nissin Foods Holdings Co., Ltd., Japan
| | - Tamihide Matsunaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
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20
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Price E, Kalvass JC, DeGoey D, Hosmane B, Doktor S, Desino K. Global Analysis of Models for Predicting Human Absorption: QSAR, In Vitro, and Preclinical Models. J Med Chem 2021; 64:9389-9403. [PMID: 34152772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Models intended to predict intestinal absorption are an essential part of the drug development process. Although many models exist for capturing intestinal absorption, many questions still exist around the applicability of these models to drug types like "beyond rule of 5" (bRo5) and low absorption compounds. This presents a challenge as current models have not been rigorously tested to understand intestinal absorption. Here, we assembled a large, structurally diverse dataset of ∼1000 compounds with known in vitro, preclinical, and human permeability and/or absorption data. In silico (quantitative structure-activity relationship), in vitro (Caco-2), and in vivo (rat) models were statistically evaluated for predictive performance against this human intestinal absorption dataset. We expect this evaluation to serve as a resource for DMPK scientists and medicinal/computational chemists to increase their understanding of permeability and absorption model utility and applications for academia and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Price
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - J Cory Kalvass
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - David DeGoey
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Balakrishna Hosmane
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Stella Doktor
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kelly Desino
- Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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