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Huang YK, Wang TM, Chen CY, Li CY, Wang SC, Irshad K, Pan Y, Chang KC. The role of ALDH1A1 in glioblastoma proliferation and invasion. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 402:111202. [PMID: 39128802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
High-grade gliomas, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), continue to be a leading aggressive brain tumor in adults, marked by its rapid growth and invasive nature. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 (ALDH1A1), an enzyme, plays a significant role in tumor progression, yet its function in high-grade gliomas is still poorly investigated. In this study, we evaluated ALDH1A1 levels in clinical samples of GBM. We also assessed the prognostic significance of ALDH1A1 expression in GBM and LGG (low grade glioma) patients using TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database analysis. The MTT and transwell assays were utilized to examine cell growth and the invasive capability of U87 cells, respectively. We quantitatively examined markers for cell proliferation (Ki-67 and cyclin D1) and invasion (MMP2 and 9). A Western blot test was conducted to determine the downstream signaling of ALDH1A1. We found a notable increase in ALDH1A1 expression in high-grade gliomas compared to their low-grade counterparts. U87 cells that overexpressed ALDH1A1 showed increased cell growth and invasion. We found that ALDH1A1 promotes the phosphorylation of AKT, and inhibiting AKT phosphorylation mitigates the ALDH1A1's effects on tumor growth and migration. In summary, our findings suggest ALDH1A1 as a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Huang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Wang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Chia-Yang Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Khushboo Irshad
- Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yuan Pan
- Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kun-Che Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Ophthalmology, Louis J. Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Center of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Sun S, Iwata T. Role of AOX1 on RXR signaling regulates osteoblastogenesis in hPDLMSCs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16767. [PMID: 39034354 PMCID: PMC11271290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68009-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alveolar bone loss resulting from periodontal disease ultimately leads to tooth loss. Periodontal ligament mesenchymal stem cells (PDLMSCs) are the tissue-specific cells responsible for maintaining and repairing the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. In this study, we explored the role of aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) in regulating the osteoinduction of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLMSCs). hPDLMSCs were isolated from clinically healthy donors, and AOX1 expression was assessed by comparing inducted and non-inducted hPDLMSCs. Remarkably, we observed a significant upregulation of AOX1 expression during osteoinduction, while AOX1 silencing resulted in the enhanced osteogenic potential of hPDLMSCs. Subsequent experiments and analysis unveiled the involvement of retinoid X receptor (RXR) signaling in the inhibition of osteogenesis in hPDLMSCs. Ligands targeting the RXR receptor mirrored the effects of AOX1 on osteogenesis, as evidenced by alterations in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone formation levels. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential regulatory role of AOX1 via RXR signaling in the osteogenesis of hPDLMSCs. This elucidation is pivotal for advancing hPDLMSC-based periodontal regeneration strategies and lays the groundwork for the development of targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at enhancing bone formation in the context of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Sun
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takanori Iwata
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
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3
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Moriyama A, Ueda H, Narumi K, Asano S, Furugen A, Saito Y, Kobayashi M. Contribution of aldehyde oxidase to methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity: in vitro and pharmacoepidemiological approaches. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:399-406. [PMID: 38706380 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2352453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methotrexate (MTX) is partially metabolized by aldehyde oxidase (AOX) in the liver and its clinical impact remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate how AOX contributes to MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro and clarify the relationship between concomitant AOX inhibitor use and MTX-associated liver injury development using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). METHODS We assessed intracellular MTX accumulation and cytotoxicity using HepG2 cells. We used the FAERS database to detect reporting odds ratio (ROR)-based MTX-related hepatotoxicity event signals. RESULTS AOX inhibition by AOX inhibitor raloxifene and siRNA increased the MTX accumulation in HepG2 cells and enhanced the MTX-induced cell viability reduction. In the FAERS analysis, the ROR for MTX-related hepatotoxicity increased with non-overlap of 95% confidence interval when co-administered with drugs with higher Imax, u (maximum unbound plasma concentration)/IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration for inhibition of AOX) calculated based on reported pharmacokinetic data. CONCLUSION AOX inhibition contributed to MTX accumulation in the liver, resulting in increased hepatotoxicity. Our study raises concerns regarding MTX-related hepatotoxicity when co-administered with drugs that possibly inhibit AOX activity at clinical concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Moriyama
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hinata Ueda
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Katsuya Narumi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shuho Asano
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayako Furugen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Saito
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University of Science, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics & Therapeutics, Division of Pharmasciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Education Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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4
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Czuba LC, Isoherranen N. LX-2 Stellate Cells Are a Model System for Investigating the Regulation of Hepatic Vitamin A Metabolism and Respond to Tumor Necrosis Factor α and Interleukin 1 β. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:442-454. [PMID: 38485281 PMCID: PMC11023816 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.124.001679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major site of vitamin A (retinol) esterification and subsequent storage as retinyl esters within lipid droplets. However, retinyl esters become depleted in many pathophysiological states, including acute and chronic liver injuries. Recently, using a liver slice culture system as a model of acute liver injury and fibrogenesis, a time-dependent increase and decrease in the apparent formation of the bioactive retinoid all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) and retinyl palmitate was measured, respectively. This coincided with temporal changes in the gene expression of retinoid-metabolizing enzymes and binding proteins, that preceded HSC activation. However, the underlying mechanisms that promote early changes in retinoid metabolism remain unresolved. We hypothesized that LX-2 cells could be applied to investigate differences in quiescent and activated HSC retinoid metabolism. We demonstrate that the hypermetabolic state of activated stellate cells relative to quiescent stellate cells may be attributed to induction of STRA6, RBP4, and CYP26A1, thereby reducing intracellular concentrations of atRA. We further hypothesized that paracrine and autocrine cytokine signaling regulates HSC vitamin A metabolism in both quiescent and activated cells. In quiescent cells, tumor necrosis factor α dose-dependently downregulated LRAT and CRBP1 mRNA, with EC50 values of 30-50 pg/mL. Likewise, interleukin-1β decreased LRAT and CRBP1 gene expression but with less potency. In activated stellate cells, multiple enzymes were downregulated, suggesting that the full effects of altered hepatic vitamin A metabolism in chronic conditions require both paracrine and autocrine signaling events. Further, this study suggests the potential for cell type-specific autocrine effects in hepatic retinoid signaling. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: HSCs are the major site of vitamin A storage and important determinants of retinol metabolism during liver fibrogenesis. Here, two LX-2 culture methods were applied as models of hepatic retinoid metabolism to demonstrate the effects of activation status and dose-dependent cytokine exposure on the expression of genes involved in retinoid metabolism. This study suggests that compared to quiescent cells, activated HSCs are hypermetabolic and have reduced apparent formation of retinoic acid, which may alter downstream retinoic acid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C Czuba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington School of Pharmacy, Seattle, Washington (L.C.C., N.I.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky (L.C.C.)
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington School of Pharmacy, Seattle, Washington (L.C.C., N.I.) and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Lexington, Kentucky (L.C.C.)
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5
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HAN M, YI X, YOU S, WU X, WANG S, HE D. Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi decoction ameliorates alcoholic fatty liver in mice by regulating lipid and bile acid metabolism and with exertion of antioxidant stress based on 4DLabel-free quantitative proteomic study. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2024; 44:277-288. [PMID: 38504534 PMCID: PMC10927405 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20231018.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the effect and molecular mechanism of Gehua Jiejiu Dizhi decoction (, GJDD) on alcoholic fatty live disease (AFLD) by using proteomic methods. METHODS The male C57BL/6J mouse were randomly divided into four groups: control group, model group, GJDD group and resveratrol group. After the AFLD model was successfully prepared by intragastric administration of alcohol once on the basis of the Lieber-DeCarli classical method, the GJDD group and resveratrol group were intragastrically administered with GJDD (4900 mg/kg) and resveratrol (400 mg/kg) respectively, once a day for 9 d. The fat deposition of liver tissue was observed and evaluated by oil red O (ORO) staining. 4DLabel-free quantitative proteome method was used to determine and quantify the protein expression in liver tissue of each experimental group. The differentially expressed proteins were screened according to protein expression differential multiples, and then analyzed by Gene ontology classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment. Finally, expression validation of the differentially co-expressed proteins from control group, model group and GJDD group were verified by targeted proteomics quantification techniques. RESULTS In semiquantitative analyses of ORO, all kinds of steatosis (ToS, MaS, and MiS) were evaluated higher in AFLD mice compared to those in GJDD or resveratrol-treated mice. 4DLabel-free proteomics analysis results showed that a total of 4513 proteins were identified, of which 3763 proteins were quantified and 946 differentially expressed proteins were screened. Compared with the control group, 145 proteins were up-regulated and 148 proteins were down-regulated in the liver tissue of model group. In addition, compared with the model group, 92 proteins were up-regulated and 135 proteins were down-regulated in the liver tissue of the GJDD group. 15 differentially co-expressed proteins were found between every two groups (model group vs control group, GJDD group vs model group and GJDD group vs control group), which were involved in many biological processes. Among them, 11 differentially co-expressed key proteins (Aox3, H1-5, Fabp5, Ces3a, Nudt7, Serpinb1a, Fkbp11, Rpl22l1, Keg1, Acss2 and Slco1a1) were further identified by targeted proteomic quantitative technology and their expression patterns were consistent with the results of 4D label-free proteomic analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided proteomics-based evidence that GJDD alleviated AFLD by modulating liver protein expression, likely through the modulation of lipid metabolism, bile acid metabolism and with exertion of antioxidant stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min HAN
- 1 Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Graduate School, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xu YI
- 2 Department of Clinical medical laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Shaowei YOU
- 2 Department of Clinical medical laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Xueli WU
- 2 Department of Clinical medical laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Shuoshi WANG
- 2 Department of Clinical medical laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Diancheng HE
- 2 Department of Clinical medical laboratory, Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550003, China
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6
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Tang M, Wu ZE, Li F. Integrating network pharmacology and drug side-effect data to explore mechanism of liver injury-induced by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Comput Biol Med 2024; 170:108040. [PMID: 38308871 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are highly efficient small-molecule anticancer drugs. Despite the specificity and efficacy of TKIs, they can produce off-target effects, leading to severe liver toxicity, and even some of them are labeled as black box hepatotoxicity. Thus, we focused on representative TKIs associated with severe hepatic adverse events, namely lapatinib, pazopanib, regorafenib, and sunitinib as objections of study, then integrated drug side-effect data from United State Food and Drug Administration (U.S. FDA) and network pharmacology to elucidate mechanism underlying TKI-induced liver injury. Based on network pharmacology, we constructed a specific comorbidity module of high risk of serious adverse effects and created drug-disease networks. Enrichment analysis of the networks revealed the depletion of all-trans-retinoic acid and the involvement of down-regulation of the HSP70 family-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as key factors in TKI-induced liver injury. These results were further verified by transcription data. Based on the target prediction results of drugs and reactive metabolites, we also shed light on the association between toxic metabolites and severe hepatic adverse reactions, and thinking HSPA8, HSPA1A, CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 were potential therapeutic or preventive targets against TKI-induced liver injury. In conclusion, our research provides comprehensive insights into the mechanism underlying severe liver injury caused by TKIs, offering a better understanding of how to enhance patient safety and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, and Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhanxuan E Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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7
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Wang L, Li D, Zhu Z, Liao Y, Wu J, Liu Y, Yang R, Dai H, Wu Z, Sun X. Knockout of Sema4D alleviates liver fibrosis by suppressing AOX1 expression. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106886. [PMID: 37591326 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis can occur in many chronic liver diseases, and no effective treatments are available due to the poorly characterized molecular pathogenesis. Semaphorin 4D (Sema4D) has immune functions and serves important roles in T cell priming. Here, we found that Sema4D was highly expressed in fibrotic liver, and the expression of Sema4D increased with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. Knockout of Sema4D alleviated liver fibrosis. Mechanistically, knockout of Sema4D alleviated liver fibrosis by suppressing the expression of AOX1 in retinol metabolism. Further investigation demonstrated that retinoic acid receptor α (RARA), an important nuclear receptor of retinoic acid, was reduced by Sema4D knockout during liver fibrogenesis. Sema4D knockout-mediated suppression of liver fibrosis was partly mediated by regulating the balance of Th1, Th2, Th17, and T-bet+Treg cells via inhibiting AOX1/RARA. Thus, targeting Sema4D may hold promise as a potential therapeutic approach for treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Dinghao Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zifeng Zhu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yao Liao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Ji Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yuheng Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Ruibing Yang
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostic Laboratory Group Co Ltd, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Hanqiao Dai
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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8
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Foteva V, Fisher JJ, Qiao Y, Smith R. Does the Micronutrient Molybdenum Have a Role in Gestational Complications and Placental Health? Nutrients 2023; 15:3348. [PMID: 37571285 PMCID: PMC10421405 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Molybdenum is an essential trace element for human health and survival, with molybdenum-containing enzymes catalysing multiple reactions in the metabolism of purines, aldehydes, and sulfur-containing amino acids. Recommended daily intakes vary globally, with molybdenum primarily sourced through the diet, and supplementation is not common. Although the benefits of molybdenum as an anti-diabetic and antioxidant inducer have been reported in the literature, there are conflicting data on the benefits of molybdenum for chronic diseases. Overexposure and deficiency can result in adverse health outcomes and mortality, although physiological doses remain largely unexplored in relation to human health. The lack of knowledge surrounding molybdenum intake and the role it plays in physiology is compounded during pregnancy. As pregnancy progresses, micronutrient demand increases, and diet is an established factor in programming gestational outcomes and maternal health. This review summarises the current literature concerning varied recommendations on molybdenum intake, the role of molybdenum and molybdoenzymes in physiology, and the contribution these play in gestational outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimira Foteva
- Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (J.J.F.); (R.S.)
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Joshua J. Fisher
- Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (J.J.F.); (R.S.)
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yixue Qiao
- Academy of Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou 215000, China;
| | - Roger Smith
- Mothers and Babies Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (J.J.F.); (R.S.)
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
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9
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Beers J, Authement AK, Isoherranen N, Jackson KD. Cytosolic Enzymes Generate Cannabinoid Metabolites 7-Carboxycannabidiol and 11-Nor-9-carboxytetrahydrocannabinol. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:614-620. [PMID: 37197460 PMCID: PMC10184666 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoids cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) undergo extensive oxidative metabolism in the liver. Although cytochromes P450 form the primary, pharmacologically active, hydroxylated metabolites of CBD and THC, less is known about the enzymes that generate the major in vivo circulating metabolites of CBD and THC, 7-carboxy-CBD and 11-carboxy-THC, respectively. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the enzymes involved in forming these metabolites. Cofactor dependence experiments with human liver subcellular fractions revealed that 7-carboxy-CBD and 11-carboxy-THC formation is largely dependent on cytosolic NAD+-dependent enzymes, with lesser contributions from NADPH-dependent microsomal enzymes. Experiments with chemical inhibitors provided evidence that 7-carboxy-CBD formation is mainly dependent on aldehyde dehydrogenases and 11-carboxy-THC formation is mediated also in part by aldehyde oxidase. This study is the first to demonstrate the involvement of cytosolic drug-metabolizing enzymes in generating major in vivo metabolites of CBD and THC and addresses a knowledge gap in cannabinoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica
L. Beers
- Division
of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Aurora K. Authement
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington
School of Pharmacy, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington
School of Pharmacy, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Klarissa D. Jackson
- Division
of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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10
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Narendra G, Raju B, Verma H, Kumar M, Jain SK, Tung GK, Thakur S, Kaur R, Kaur S, Sapra B, Singh PK, Silakari O. Raloxifene and bazedoxifene as selective ALDH1A1 inhibitors to ameliorate cyclophosphamide resistance: A drug repurposing approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124749. [PMID: 37160174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the most widely used anticancer drugs for various malignancies. However, its long-term use leads to ALDH1A1-mediated inactivation and subsequent resistance which necessitates the development of potential ALDH1A1 inhibitors. Currently, ALDH1A1 inhibitors from different chemical classes have been reported, but these failed to reach the market due to safety and efficacy problems. Developing a new treatment from the ground requires a huge amount of time, effort, and money, therefore it is worthwhile to improve CP efficacy by proposing better adjuvants as ALDH1A1 inhibitors. Herein, the database constituting the FDA-approved drugs with well-established safety and toxicity profiles was screened through already reported machine learning models by our research group. This model is validated for discriminating the ALDH1A1 inhibitors and non-inhibitors. Virtual screening protocol (VS) from this model identified four FDA-approved drugs, raloxifene, bazedoxifene, avanafil, and betrixaban as selective ALDH1A1 inhibitors. The molecular docking, dynamics, and water swap analysis also suggested these drugs to be promising ALDH1A1 inhibitors which were further validated for their CP resistance reversal potential by in-vitro analysis. The in-vitro enzymatic assay results indicated that raloxifene and bazedoxifene selectively inhibited the ALDH1A1 enzyme with IC50 values of 2.35 and 4.41 μM respectively, whereas IC50 values of both the drugs against ALDH2 and ALDH3A1 was >100 μM. Additional in-vitro stu = dies with well-reported ALDH1A1 overexpressing A549 and MIA paCa-2 cell lines suggested that mafosfamide sensitivity was further ameliorated by the combination of both raloxifene and bazedoxifene. Collectively, in-silico and in-vitro studies indicate raloxifene and bazedoxifene act as promising adjuvants with CP that may improve the quality of treatment for cancer patients with minimal toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gera Narendra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Baddipadige Raju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Himanshu Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Subheet Kumar Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Gurleen Kaur Tung
- Centre for Basic and Translational Research in Health Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Rasdeep Kaur
- Department of Botany and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botany and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Bharti Sapra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Om Silakari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India.
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11
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Petrova SY, Albanova VI, Nozdrin KV, Guzev KS. Main effects of retinol palmitate on skin structures and the technology of its use in dermatological practice. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2023. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv1375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A and its synthetic analogues are used in the treatment of numerous skin diseases. The main genomic effects of the natural form of vitamin A (retinol palmitate) are associated with its active metabolite all-trans-retinoic acid and are compensated by several restrictive mechanisms. Numerous studies have proved that retinol stimulates the proliferation of keratinocytes of the basal layer of the epidermis and endothelial cells, and also activates dermal fibroblasts to synthesize proteins of the extracellular matrix of the dermis. As a result, the thickening the epidermis, increases the mechanical strength of the skin and the hydrating ability of the dermis, angiogenesis increase. The ability of retinol to enhance the adhesion of endothelial cells and leukocytes, regulate the processes of keratinization and sebum secretion was found. Vitamin A is also a powerful antioxidant. Retinol palmitate is used as the main or auxiliary drug for the treatment of a wide range of dermatoses. The principle of application is based on clinical studies and confirmed by existing experimental data. In the treatment, the following algorithm is followed. If retinol palmitate is necessary to improve epithelialization and strengthen the epidermal barrier, medium therapeutic doses should be used. For the treatment of disorders of keratinization processes, depending on the severity of the pathological condition, medium and high therapeutic doses of the drug are used. Violation of the processes of sebum secretion and severe hyperkeratosis respond better to treatment at high therapeutic doses. It should be noted that many skins clinical manifestations mostly regress under the action of vitamin A in doses that do not lead to the appearance of signs of toxicity of the drug.
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12
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Smith AD, Chen C, Cheung L, Dawson HD. Raw potato starch alters the microbiome, colon and cecal gene expression, and resistance to Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice fed a Western diet. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1057318. [PMID: 36704785 PMCID: PMC9871501 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1057318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistant starches (RS) are fermented in the cecum and colon to produce short-chain fatty acids and other microbial metabolites that can alter host physiology and the composition of the microbiome. We previously showed that mice fed a Total Western Diet (TWD) based on NHANES data that mimics the composition of a typical American diet, containing resistant potato starch (RPS), produced concentration dependent changes to the cecal short-chain fatty acids, the microbiome composition as well as gene expression changes in the cecum and colon that were most prevalent in mice fed the 10% RPS diet. We were then interested in whether feeding TWD/RPS would alter the resistance to bacterial-induced colitis caused by Citrobacter rodentium (Cr), a mouse pathogen that shares 66.7% of encoded genes with Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Mice were fed the TWD for 6 weeks followed by a 3-weeks on the RPS diets before infecting with Cr. Fecal Cr excretion was monitored over time and fecal samples were collected for 16S sequencing. Mice were euthanized on day 12 post-infection and cecal contents collected for 16S sequencing. Cecum and colon tissues were obtained for gene expression analysis, histology and to determine the level of mucosa-associated Cr. Feeding RPS increased the percentage of mice productively infected by Cr and fecal Cr excretion on day 4 post-infection. Mice fed the TWD/10% RPS diet also had greater colonization of colonic tissue at day 12 post-infection and colonic pathology. Both diet and infection altered the fecal and cecal microbiome composition with increased levels of RPS resulting in decreased α-diversity that was partially reversed by Cr infection. RNASeq analysis identified several mechanistic pathways that could be associated with the increased colonization of Cr-infected mice fed 10% RPS. In the distal colon we found a decrease in enrichment for genes associated with T cells, B cells, genes associated with the synthesis of DHA-derived SPMs and VA metabolism/retinoic acid signaling. We also found an increase in the expression of the potentially immunosuppressive gene, Ido1. These results suggest that high-level consumption of RPS in the context of a typical American diet, may alter susceptibility to gastrointestinal bacterial infections.
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Yadav AS, Isoherranen N, Rubinow KB. Vitamin A homeostasis and cardiometabolic disease in humans: lost in translation? J Mol Endocrinol 2022; 69:R95-R108. [PMID: 35900842 PMCID: PMC9534526 DOI: 10.1530/jme-22-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol) is an essential, fat-soluble vitamin that plays critical roles in embryonic development, vision, immunity, and reproduction. Severe vitamin A deficiency results in profound embryonic dysgenesis, blindness, and infertility. The roles of bioactive vitamin A metabolites in regulating cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, and immune cell function form the basis of their clinical use in the treatment of dermatologic conditions and hematologic malignancies. Increasingly, vitamin A also has been recognized to play important roles in cardiometabolic health, including the regulation of adipogenesis, energy partitioning, and lipoprotein metabolism. While these roles are strongly supported by animal and in vitro studies, they remain poorly understood in human physiology and disease. This review briefly introduces vitamin A biology and presents the key preclinical data that have generated interest in vitamin A as a mediator of cardiometabolic health. The review also summarizes clinical studies performed to date, highlighting the limitations of many of these studies and the ongoing controversies in the field. Finally, additional perspectives are suggested that may help position vitamin A metabolism within a broader biological context and thereby contribute to enhanced understanding of vitamin A's complex roles in clinical cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aprajita S Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katya B Rubinow
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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14
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Rendić SP, Crouch RD, Guengerich FP. Roles of selected non-P450 human oxidoreductase enzymes in protective and toxic effects of chemicals: review and compilation of reactions. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2145-2246. [PMID: 35648190 PMCID: PMC9159052 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This is an overview of the metabolic reactions of drugs, natural products, physiological compounds, and other (general) chemicals catalyzed by flavin monooxygenase (FMO), monoamine oxidase (MAO), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO), and molybdenum hydroxylase enzymes (aldehyde oxidase (AOX) and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)), including roles as substrates, inducers, and inhibitors of the enzymes. The metabolism and bioactivation of selected examples of each group (i.e., drugs, "general chemicals," natural products, and physiological compounds) are discussed. We identified a higher fraction of bioactivation reactions for FMO enzymes compared to other enzymes, predominately involving drugs and general chemicals. With MAO enzymes, physiological compounds predominate as substrates, and some products lead to unwanted side effects or illness. AOX and XOR enzymes are molybdenum hydroxylases that catalyze the oxidation of various heteroaromatic rings and aldehydes and the reduction of a number of different functional groups. While neither of these two enzymes contributes substantially to the metabolism of currently marketed drugs, AOX has become a frequently encountered route of metabolism among drug discovery programs in the past 10-15 years. XOR has even less of a role in the metabolism of clinical drugs and preclinical drug candidates than AOX, likely due to narrower substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel D Crouch
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
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15
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Rubinow KB, Zhong G, Czuba LC, Chen JY, Williams E, Parr Z, Khandelwal S, Kim D, LaFrance J, Isoherranen N. Evidence of depot-specific regulation of all-trans-retinoic acid biosynthesis in human adipose tissue. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1460-1471. [PMID: 35213790 PMCID: PMC9199890 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity continues to rise, underscoring the need to better understand the pathways mediating adipose tissue (AT) expansion. All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), a bioactive vitamin A metabolite, regulates adipogenesis and energy metabolism, and, in rodent studies, aberrant vitamin A metabolism appears a key facet of metabolic dysregulation. The relevance of these findings to human disease is unknown, as are the specific enzymes implicated in vitamin A metabolism within human AT. We hypothesized that in human AT, family 1A aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A) enzymes contribute to atRA biosynthesis in a depot-specific manner. To test this hypothesis, parallel samples of subcutaneous and omental AT from participants (n = 15) were collected during elective abdominal surgeries to quantify atRA biosynthesis and key atRA synthesizing enzymes. ALDH1A1 was the most abundant ALDH1A isoform in both AT depots with expression approximately twofold higher in omental than subcutaneous AT. ALDH1A2 was detected only in omental AT. Formation velocity of atRA was approximately threefold higher (p = 0.0001) in omental AT (9.8 [7.6, 11.2]) pmol/min/mg) than subcutaneous AT (3.2 [2.1, 4.0] pmol/min/mg) and correlated with ALDH1A2 expression in omental AT (β-coefficient = 3.07, p = 0.0007) and with ALDH1A1 expression in subcutaneous AT (β-coefficient = 0.13, p = 0.003). Despite a positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) and omental ALDH1A1 protein expression (Spearman r = 0.65, p = 0.01), BMI did not correlate with atRA formation. Our findings suggest that ALDH1A2 is the primary mediator of atRA formation in omental AT, whereas ALDH1A1 is the principal atRA-synthesizing enzyme in subcutaneous AT. These data highlight AT depot as a critical variable for defining the roles of retinoids in human AT biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya B. Rubinow
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and NutritionDepartment of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Guo Zhong
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Lindsay C. Czuba
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Judy Y. Chen
- Division of General SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Estell Williams
- Division of General SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Zoe Parr
- Division of General SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Saurabh Khandelwal
- Division of General SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Daniel Kim
- Division of General SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Jeffrey LaFrance
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
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16
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O’Connor C, Varshosaz P, Moise AR. Mechanisms of Feedback Regulation of Vitamin A Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061312. [PMID: 35334970 PMCID: PMC8950952 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential nutrient required throughout life. Through its various metabolites, vitamin A sustains fetal development, immunity, vision, and the maintenance, regulation, and repair of adult tissues. Abnormal tissue levels of the vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid, can result in detrimental effects which can include congenital defects, immune deficiencies, proliferative defects, and toxicity. For this reason, intricate feedback mechanisms have evolved to allow tissues to generate appropriate levels of active retinoid metabolites despite variations in the level and format, or in the absorption and conversion efficiency of dietary vitamin A precursors. Here, we review basic mechanisms that govern vitamin A signaling and metabolism, and we focus on retinoic acid-controlled feedback mechanisms that contribute to vitamin A homeostasis. Several approaches to investigate mechanistic details of the vitamin A homeostatic regulation using genomic, gene editing, and chromatin capture technologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine O’Connor
- MD Program, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 317-MSE Bldg., 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| | - Parisa Varshosaz
- Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Ph.D. Program, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada;
| | - Alexander R. Moise
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, 317-MSE Bldg., 935 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biology and Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-705-662-7253
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17
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Sun L, Ma J, Chen J, Pan Z, Li L. Bioinformatics-Guided Analysis Uncovers AOX1 as an Osteogenic Differentiation-Relevant Gene of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:800288. [PMID: 35295843 PMCID: PMC8920545 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.800288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The available therapeutic options of bone defects, fracture nonunion, and osteoporosis remain limited, which are closely related to the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Thus, there remains an urgent demand to develop a prediction method to infer osteogenic differentiation–related genes in BMSCs. Method: We performed differential expression analysis between hBMSCs and osteogenically induced samples. Association analysis, co-expression analysis, and PPI analysis are then carried out to identify potential osteogenesis-related regulators. GO enrichment analysis and GSEA are performed to identify significantly enriched pathways associated with AOX1. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were employed to investigate the expression of genes on osteogenic differentiation, and plasmid transfection was used to overexpress the gene AOX1 in hBMSCs. Result: We identified 25 upregulated genes and 17 downregulated genes. Association analysis and PPI network analysis among these differentially expressed genes show that AOX1 is a potential regulator of osteogenic differentiation. GO enrichment analysis and GSEA show that AOX1 is significantly associated with osteoblast-related pathways. The experiments revealed that AOX1 level was higher and increased gradually in differentiated BMSCs compared with undifferentiated BMSCs, and AOX1 overexpression significantly increased the expression of osteo-specific genes, thereby clearly indicating that AOX1 plays an important role in osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, our method has ability in discriminating genes with osteogenic differentiation properties and can facilitate the process of discovery of new osteogenic differentiation–related genes. Conclusion: These findings collectively demonstrate that AOX1 is an osteogenic differentiation-relevant gene and provide a novel method established with a good performance for osteogenic differentiation-relevant genes prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtong Sun
- Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control, School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Pan
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijun Pan, ; Lijun Li,
| | - Lijun Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Motor System Disease Research and Precision Therapy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijun Pan, ; Lijun Li,
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18
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p-Hydroxybenzoic acid alleviates inflammatory responses and intestinal mucosal damage in DSS-induced colitis by activating ERβ signaling. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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