1
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Roquini D, Lemes BL, Kreutz ALB, Spoladore SC, Amaro MC, Lopes FB, Fernandes JP, de Moraes J. Antihistamines H 1 as Potential Anthelmintic Agents against the Zoonotic Parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:31159-31165. [PMID: 39035884 PMCID: PMC11256074 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Infections caused by parasitic helminths pose significant health concerns for both humans and animals. The limited efficacy of existing drugs underscores the urgent need for novel anthelmintic agents. Given the reported potential of antihistamines against various parasites, including worms, this study conducted a screening of clinically available antihistamines against Angiostrongylus cantonensis-a nematode with widespread implications for vertebrate hosts, including humans. Twenty-one anti-H1 antihistamines were screened against first-stage larvae (L1) of A. cantonensis obtained from the feces of infected rats. Standard anthelmintic drugs ivermectin and albendazole were employed for comparative analysis. The findings revealed four active compounds (promethazine, cinnarizine, desloratadine, and rupatadine), with promethazine demonstrating the highest potency (EC50 = 31.6 μM). Additionally, morphological analysis showed that antihistamines induced significant changes in larvae. To understand the mechanism of action, antimuscarinic activities were reported based on average pK i values for human muscarinic receptor (mAChR) subtypes of the evaluated compounds. Furthermore, an analysis of the physicochemical and pharmacodynamic properties of antihistamines revealed that their anthelmintic activity does not correlate with their activity at H1 receptors. This study marks the first documentation of antihistamines' activity against A. cantonensis, offering a valuable contribution to the quest for novel agents effective against zoonotic helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
B. Roquini
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, 07023-070 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna L. Lemes
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, 07023-070 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda L. B. Kreutz
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, 07023-070 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sophia C. Spoladore
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, 07023-070 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique C. Amaro
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, 07023-070 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavia B. Lopes
- Departamento
de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São
Paulo, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Departamento
de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09913-030 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - João Paulo
S. Fernandes
- Departamento
de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 09913-030 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Josué de Moraes
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Universidade Guarulhos, 07023-070 Guarulhos, SP, Brazil
- Núcleo
de Pesquisa em Doenças Negligenciadas, Instituto Científico e Tecnológico, Universidade Brasil, 08230-030 São
Paulo, SP, Brazil
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2
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Long N, Le Gresley A, Wozniak A, Brough S, Wren SP. Synthesis and evaluation of druglike parameters via in silico techniques for a series of heterocyclic monosquarate-amide derivatives as potential carboxylic acid bioisosteres. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 98:117565. [PMID: 38142561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a synthetic compound library comprising of 13 structurally diverse heterocyclic monosquarate-amide derivatives. The compounds featured in this library were designed as potential bioisosteric replacements carboxylic acid moiety's. A good selection of the compounds presented exhibit unique molecular architecture and have shown promising results following in silico evaluation of 'druglike properties' using Swiss ADME. The research presented in this work focuses on the preparation of derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione, a known carboxylic acid bioisostere.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Long
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
| | - A Le Gresley
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
| | - A Wozniak
- Asynt, Unit 29 Hall Barn Road Industrial Estate, Isleham, Cambridgeshire CB7 5RJ, United Kingdom
| | - S Brough
- Key Organics Ltd, Highfield Road Industrial Estate Camelford, Cornwall PL32 9RA, United Kingdom
| | - S P Wren
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston, Surrey KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
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3
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Szatmári P, Ducza E. Changes in Expression and Function of Placental and Intestinal P-gp and BCRP Transporters during Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13089. [PMID: 37685897 PMCID: PMC10487423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ABC transporters are ubiquitous in the human body and are responsible for the efflux of drugs. They are present in the placenta, intestine, liver and kidney, which are the major organs that can affect the pharmacokinetic and pharmacologic properties of drugs. P-gp and BCRP transporters are the best-characterized transporters in the ABC superfamily, and they have a pivotal role in the barrier tissues due to their efflux mechanism. Moreover, during pregnancy, drug efflux is even more important because of the developing fetus. Recent studies have shown that placental and intestinal ABC transporters have great importance in drug absorption and distribution. Placental and intestinal P-gp and BCRP show gestational-age-dependent expression changes, which determine the drug concentration both in the mother and the fetus during pregnancy. They may have an impact on the efficacy of antibiotic, antiviral, antihistamine, antiemetic and oral antidiabetic therapies. In this review, we would like to provide an overview of the pharmacokinetically relevant expression alterations of placental and intestinal ABC transporters during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eszter Ducza
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
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4
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Han X, Zan X, Xiong F, Nie X, Peng L. Epileptic convulsions probably induced by desloratadine: a case report. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2023; 30:e17. [PMID: 34183457 PMCID: PMC10359786 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-002774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Desloratadine, a second generation H1-antihistamine, is generally considered to be safe. We found only one article reporting four children with a family or disease history of epilepsy who developed the condition after desloratadine treatment, with all four patients recovering well. Here we describe a healthy boy who developed left-arm convulsions on day 68 after taking desloratadine, at which point the desloratadine treatment was immediately stopped. Investigations were completed on day 83 and the patient was diagnosed with epilepsy. He was prescribed sodium valproate combined with oxcarbazepine, topiramate, lamotrigine and clonazepam for 15 months, which did not control the convulsions. During the following 3 months the patient received sodium valproate combined with lacosamide, and on day 615 the seizures stopped and no further convulsions occurred. At the follow-up, his father reported that the boy's memory was not as good as it had been previously. The convulsions continued after the withdrawal of desloratadine; therefore, the pathological mechanism of convulsion and the treatment plan need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonian Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Zan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengmei Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojing Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lirong Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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5
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Sawant-Basak A, Chen L, Lockwood P, Boyden T, Doran AC, Mancuso J, Zasadny K, McCarthy T, Morris ED, Carson RE, Esterlis I, Huang Y, Nabulsi N, Planeta B, Fullerton T. Investigating CNS distribution of PF-05212377, a P-glycoprotein substrate, by translation of 5-HT 6 receptor occupancy from non-human primates to humans. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2023; 44:48-59. [PMID: 36825693 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PF-05212377 (SAM760) is a potent and selective 5-HT6 antagonist, previously under development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In vitro, PF-05212377 was determined to be a P-gp/non-BCRP human transporter substrate. Species differences were observed in the in vivo brain penetration of PF-05212377 with a ratio of the unbound concentration in brain/unbound concentration in plasma (Cbu /Cpu ) of 0.05 in rat and 0.64 in non-human primates (NHP). Based on pre-clinical evidence, brain penetration and target engagement of PF-05212377 was confirmed in NHP using positron emission tomography (PET) measured 5-HT6 receptor occupancy (%RO). The NHP Cpu EC50 of PF-05212377 was 0.31 nM (consistent with the in vitro human 5HT6 Ki : 0.32 nM). P-gp has been reported to be expressed in higher abundance at the rat BBB and in similar abundance at the BBB of non-human primates and human; brain penetration of PF-05212377 in humans was postulated to be similar to that in non-human primates. In humans, PF-05212377 demonstrated dose and concentration dependent increases in 5-HT6 RO; maximal 5-HT6 RO of ∼80% was measured in humans at doses of ≥15 mg with an estimated unbound plasma EC50 of 0.37 nM (which was similar to the in vitro human 5HT6 binding Ki 0.32 nM). In conclusion, cumulative evidence from NHP and human PET RO assessments confirmed that NHP is more appropriate than the rat for the prediction of human brain penetration of PF-05212377, a P-gp/non-BCRP substrate. Clinical trial number: NCT01258751.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sawant-Basak
- Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laigao Chen
- Digital Sciences and Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Lockwood
- Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracey Boyden
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Angela C Doran
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jessica Mancuso
- Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth Zasadny
- Digital Sciences and Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy McCarthy
- Digital Sciences and Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Beata Planeta
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Terence Fullerton
- Internal Medicine, Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
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6
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Gyimesi G, Hediger MA. Transporter-Mediated Drug Delivery. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031151. [PMID: 36770817 PMCID: PMC9919865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane transport of small organic and inorganic molecules is one of the cornerstones of cellular metabolism. Among transmembrane transporters, solute carrier (SLC) proteins form the largest, albeit very diverse, superfamily with over 400 members. It was recognized early on that xenobiotics can directly interact with SLCs and that this interaction can fundamentally determine their efficacy, including bioavailability and intertissue distribution. Apart from the well-established prodrug strategy, the chemical ligation of transporter substrates to nanoparticles of various chemical compositions has recently been used as a means to enhance their targeting and absorption. In this review, we summarize efforts in drug design exploiting interactions with specific SLC transporters to optimize their therapeutic effects. Furthermore, we describe current and future challenges as well as new directions for the advanced development of therapeutics that target SLC transporters.
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7
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Marie S, Frost KL, Hau RK, Martinez-Guerrero L, Izu JM, Myers CM, Wright SH, Cherrington NJ. Predicting disruptions to drug pharmacokinetics and the risk of adverse drug reactions in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis patients. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1-28. [PMID: 36815037 PMCID: PMC9939324 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in the pharmacokinetics of drugs through drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) causes disease-specific alterations to the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes, including a decrease in protein expression of basolateral uptake transporters, an increase in efflux transporters, and modifications to enzyme activity. This can result in increased drug exposure and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Our goal was to predict drugs that pose increased risks for ADRs in NASH patients. Bibliographic research identified 71 drugs with reported ADRs in patients with liver disease, mainly non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 54 of which are known substrates of transporters and/or metabolizing enzymes. Since NASH is the progressive form of NAFLD but is most frequently undiagnosed, we identified other drugs at risk based on NASH-specific alterations to ADME processes. Here, we present another list of 71 drugs at risk of pharmacokinetic disruption in NASH, based on their transport and/or metabolism processes. It encompasses drugs from various pharmacological classes for which ADRs may occur when used in NASH patients, especially when eliminated through multiple pathways altered by the disease. Therefore, these results may inform clinicians regarding the selection of drugs for use in NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Marie
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Kayla L. Frost
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Raymond K. Hau
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Lucy Martinez-Guerrero
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jailyn M. Izu
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Cassandra M. Myers
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Stephen H. Wright
- College of Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Nathan J. Cherrington
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA,Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 520 6260219; fax: +1 520 6266944.
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8
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Shuai SY, Liu SS, Liu XJ, Zhang GS, Zheng Q, Yue PF, Yang M, Hu PY. Essential oil of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Regulated P-gp protein and tight junction protein to change pharmacokinetic parameters of temozolomide in blood, brain and tumor. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 298:115646. [PMID: 36031103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The existence of the blood-brain barrier/blood tumor barrier (BBB/BTB) severely restricts the effectiveness of anti-tumor drugs, thus glioma is still an incurable disease with a high fatality rate. Chuanxiong (Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., Umbelliferae) was used as a messenger drug to increase the distribution of drugs in brain tissue, and its application in Chinese herbal formula for treating glioma was also the highest. AIM OF THE STUDY Our previous researches showed that essential oil (EO) of chuanxiong could promote temozolomide (TMZ) entry into glioma cells in vitro and enhance TMZ-induced anticancer efficiency in vivo, and therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether EO could increase the concentration accumulation of TMZ in brain or tumor of C6 glioma rats and the related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacokinetics were conducted in C6 glioma rats by administering either TMZ alone or combined with EO through oral routes. TMZ concentration in blood, brain and tumor was detected using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and then pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The changed expressions of P-gp protein, tight junction occludin, claudin-5 and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in brain of glioma rats were studied by Western blot to clarify the mechanism. Finally, the chemical composition of EO was analyzed by gas chromatography-massspectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS The results showed that EO significantly affected the pharmacokinetic parameters such as Tmax, Cmax and CL (p < 0.01), but did not significantly change the AUC(0→∞) of TMZ in blood (p > 0.05). However, EO markedly improved the AUC(0→∞)of TMZ in brain and tumor (p < 0.01). The calculate drug targeting index was greater than 1, indicating that EO could promote the distribution of TMZ to the brain and tumor. Western blot analysis showed that EO significantly inhibited the expression of P-gp, tight junction protein claudin-5, occludin and ZO-1. And meanwhile, the expressions of P-gp, claudin-5 and occludin also markedly down-regulated in EO-TMZ co-administration treatment. GC-MS analysis of the TIC component of EO was (E)-Ligustilide (36.93%), Terpinolene (7.245%), gamma-terpinene (7.225%) etc. CONCLUSION: EO could promote the distribution of TMZ in the brain and tumor of C6 glioma rats, which may attribute to down-regulate the expression of P-gp, claudin-5 and occludin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Shuai
- Key Lab of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- Key Lab of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Xiao-Jin Liu
- Key Lab of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Guo-Song Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Lab of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Yue
- Key Lab of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Lab of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| | - Peng-Yi Hu
- Key Lab of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
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9
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Pilotto Heming C, Muriithi W, Wanjiku Macharia L, Niemeyer Filho P, Moura-Neto V, Aran V. P-glycoprotein and cancer: what do we currently know? Heliyon 2022; 8:e11171. [PMID: 36325145 PMCID: PMC9618987 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance during cancer treatment is unfortunately a frequent event. There are several reasons for this, including the ability of the ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporters), which are integral membrane proteins, to export chemotherapeutic molecules from the interior of the tumor cells. One important member of this family is the protein known as Permeability Glycoprotein (P-Glycoprotein, P-gp or ABCB1). Its clinical relevance relies mainly on the fact that the inhibition of P-gp and other ABC transporters could result in the reversal of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype in some patients. Recently, other roles apart from being a key player in MDR, have emerged for P-gp. Therefore, this review discusses the relationship between P-gp and MDR, in addition to the possible role of this protein as a biomarker in cancer.
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10
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Kelly AM, Berry MR, Tasker SZ, McKee SA, Fan TM, Hergenrother PJ. Target-Agnostic P-Glycoprotein Assessment Yields Strategies to Evade Efflux, Leading to a BRAF Inhibitor with Intracranial Efficacy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12367-12380. [PMID: 35759775 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a major hurdle in the development of central nervous system (CNS) active therapeutics, and expression of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter at the blood-brain interface further impedes BBB penetrance of most small molecules. Designing efflux liabilities out of compounds can be laborious, and there is currently no generalizable approach to directly transform periphery-limited agents to ones active in the CNS. Here, we describe a target-agnostic, prospective assessment of P-gp efflux using diverse compounds. Our results demonstrate that reducing the molecular size or appending a carboxylic acid in many cases enables evasion of P-gp efflux in cell-based experiments and in mice. These strategies were then applied to transform a periphery-limited V600EBRAF inhibitor, dabrafenib, into versions that possess potent and selective anti-cancer activity but now also evade P-gp-mediated efflux. When compared to dabrafenib, the compound developed herein (everafenib) has superior BBB penetrance and superior efficacy in an intracranial mouse model of metastatic melanoma, suggesting it as a lead candidate for the treatment of melanoma metastases to the brain and gliomas with BRAF mutation. More generally, the results described herein suggest the actionability of the trends observed in these target-agnostic efflux studies and provide guidance for the conversion of non-BBB-penetrant drugs into versions that are BBB-penetrant and efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew R Berry
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sarah Z Tasker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sydney A McKee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Timothy M Fan
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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11
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Tang Y, Dou R, Liu Y, Xie S, Han Q. Loratadine-associated cystoid macular edema: A case report. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2022; 26:101477. [PMID: 35321250 PMCID: PMC8935523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2022.101477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report the first known case of bilateral cystoid macular edema in a patient undergoing long-term loratadine treatment. Observations A 49-year-old Chinese woman who had been undergoing treatment with loratadine for the past 6 years presented with decreased visual acuity and bilateral cystoid macular edema (CME). Upon cessation of loratadine, macular edema partially resolved, and visual acuity markedly improved. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and fluorescence fundus angiography (FFA) were used to document the severity of CME and its subsequent resolution after cessation of loratadine therapy. Conclusions and Importance Long-term use of loratadine might cause CME that partially resolves with discontinuation of the drug. The pathophysiology of drug-induced CME without leakage remains unclear. Dysfunction of histamine receptor1-expressed retinal neurons and the associated signal transduction, toxicity to Müller cells or RPE cells with subsequent intracellular fluid accumulation, and subclinical damage to the blood-retina barrier leading to leakage of extracellular fluid, have been proposed.
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12
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Qian T, Li S, Chen Q, Zhang D, Song Z, Hao F. Efficacy and safety of ebastine dose escalation in chronic urticaria: A prospective study. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15386. [PMID: 35179272 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The second-generation antihistamines at licensed doses are first-line treatment in urticaria and up-dosing is recommended as second-line treatment. To assess the efficacy and safety of escalated doses of ebastine in patients with chronic urticaria (CU), we designed this study. Recruited patients with CU were treated with increasing doses of ebstine. Treatment started at the daily dose of 10 mg. The symptom is assessed weekly, and if there is no significant improvement, the dose is increased from 10 mg to 20 mg, and if still no significant improvement, up to 40 mg. Pruritus, number, diameter, duration and frequency of wheals, and adverse reactions were assessed. One hundred and forty (76.50%) patients achieved marked effect with ebastine 10 mg/day, 27 (14.75%) patients with ebastine 20 mg/day and 13 (7.10%) patients with ebastine 40 mg/day, while 3(1.64%) patients did not get marked effect. There was no significant difference of effect between factitious urticaria, CSU, cholinergic urticaria and CSU with factitious urticaria in different dose (all p > 0.05). Common adverse reactions of ebstine treatment, included dry mouth, somnolence, tiredness and headache, were mild or moderate. There was no significant difference between the degree score of dry mouth with different doses of ebastine, and the same to somnolence, tiredness and headache (all p > 0.05). Doses escalation of ebastine should be effective in treatment of factitious urticaria, CSU and cholinergic urticaria with poorly treated by standard of double doses. Increasing ebastine dose did not increase the incidence of adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qian
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shifei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiquan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Daojun Zhang
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Song
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Hao
- Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Kadoguchi M, Arakawa H, Honda R, Hotta K, Shirasaka Y, Deguchi Y, Tamai I. Characterization of Aripiprazole Uptake Transporter in the Blood-Brain Barrier Model hCMEC/D3 Cells by Targeted siRNA Screening. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1549-1559. [PMID: 35314999 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Identification of blood-brain barrier (BBB) uptake transporters is a major challenge in the research and development of central nervous system (CNS) drugs. However, conventional methods that consider known drug uptake characteristics have failed at identifying the responsible transporter molecule. The present study aimed at identifying aripiprazole uptake transporters in BBB model hCMEC/D3 cells using a knockdown screening study targeting various transporters, including uncharacterized ones. METHODS We evaluated the effect of 214 types of siRNA targeting transporters on the uptake of aripiprazole, an atypical antipsychotic drug, in hCMEC/D3 cells. Aripiprazole uptake was determined using Xenopus oocytes expressing the candidate genes extracted from the siRNA screening assay. RESULTS The estimated unbound brain to plasma concentration ratio (Kp,uu,brain) of aripiprazole was estimated as 0.67 in wild-type mice and 1.94 in abcb1a/1b/abcg2 knockout mice, suggesting the involvement of both uptake and efflux transporters in BBB permeation. According to siRNA knockdown screening studies, organic cation/carnitine transporter 2 (OCTN2) and long-chain fatty acid transporter 1 (FATP1) were identified as candidate genes. The uptake of aripiprazole by hCMEC/D3 cells was decreased by OCTN2 inhibitors, but not by FATP1 inhibitors. A partially increased uptake of aripiprazole was observed in OCTN2-expressing Xenopus oocytes. Finally, to evaluate transporter-mediated BBB permeation of drugs, the reported and estimated Kp,uu,brain values were summarized. CONCLUSIONS A knockdown screening study in combination with Kp,uu,brain values showed that aripiprazole was a potential substrate of OCTN2. The technique described in this study can be applied to identifying novel BBB transporters for CNS drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeno Kadoguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arakawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryokichi Honda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hotta
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Deguchi
- Faculty of Pharma-Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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14
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Yanai K, Yoshikawa T, Church MK. Efficacy and Safety of Non-brain Penetrating H 1-Antihistamines for the Treatment of Allergic Diseases. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 59:193-214. [PMID: 34622396 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2021_265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
H1 receptor antagonists, known as H1-antihistamines (AHs), inactivate the histamine H1-receptor thereby preventing histamine causing the primary symptoms of allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, pollinosis, food allergies, and urticaria. AHs, which are classified into first-generation (fgAHs) and second-generation (sgAHs) antihistamines, are the first line of treatment for allergic diseases. Although fgAHs are effective, they cause adverse reactions such as potent sedating effects, including drowsiness, lassitude, and cognitive impairment; anticholinergic effects, including thirst and tachycardia. Consequently, the use of fgAHs is not recommended for allergic diseases. Today, sgAHs, which are minimally sedating and, therefore, may be used at more effective doses, are the first-line treatment for alleviating the symptoms of allergic diseases. Pharmacologically, the use of sedating fgAHs is limited to antiemetics, anti-motion sickness drugs, and antivertigo drugs. The use of histamine H1-receptor occupancy (H1RO) based on positron emission tomography (PET) has been developed for the evaluation of brain penetrability. Based on the results of the H1RO-PET studies, non-brain-penetrating AHs (nbpAHs) have recently been reclassified among sgAHs. The nbpAHs are rapidly acting and exhibit minimal adverse reactions and, thus, are considered first-line drugs for allergic diseases. In this review, we will introduce recent topics on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of AHs and make recommendations for the use of nbpAHs as first-line treatment options for allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yanai
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. .,Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Martin K Church
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charitè-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Dully M, Ceresnakova M, Murray D, Soulimane T, Hudson SP. Lipid Cubic Systems for Sustained and Controlled Delivery of Antihistamine Drugs. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3777-3794. [PMID: 34547899 PMCID: PMC8493555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Antihistamines are capable of blocking mediator responses in allergic reactions including allergic rhinitis and dermatological reactions. By incorporating various H1 receptor antagonists into a lipid cubic phase network, these active ingredients can be delivered locally over an extended period of time owing to the mucoadhesive nature of the system. Local delivery can avoid inducing unwanted side effects, often observed after systematic delivery. Lipid-based antihistamine delivery systems are shown here to exhibit prolonged release capabilities. In vitro drug dissolution studies investigated the extent and release rate of two model first-generation and two model second-generation H1 antagonist antihistamine drugs from two monoacyglycerol-derived lipid models. To optimize the formulation approach, the systems were characterized macroscopically and microscopically by small-angle X-ray scattering and polarized light to ascertain the mesophase accessed upon an incorporation of antihistamines of varying solubilities and size. The impact of encapsulating the antihistamine molecules on the degree of mucoadhesivity of the lipid cubic systems was investigated using multiparametric surface plasmon resonance. With the ultimate goal of developing therapies for the treatment of allergic reactions, the ability of the formulations to inhibit mediator release utilizing RBL-2H3 mast cells with the propensity to release histamine upon induction was explored, demonstrating no interference from the lipid excipient on the effectiveness of the antihistamine molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Dully
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research
Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy,
Co. Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Miriama Ceresnakova
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research
Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy,
Co. Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - David Murray
- COOK
Ireland Limited, O’Halloran
Rd, Castletroy, Co. Limerick V94 N8X2, Ireland
| | - Tewfik Soulimane
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research
Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy,
Co. Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Sarah P. Hudson
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, SSPC, the Science Foundation Ireland Research
Centre for Pharmaceuticals, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy,
Co. Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
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16
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Zou Y, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Wang J, Xu Q, Zhao X, Miao Z. TRPC5 mediates TMZ resistance in TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cells via NFATc3-P-gp pathway. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101214. [PMID: 34500231 PMCID: PMC8427319 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) acts as a pump to transport cytotoxic drugs out of cells and is upregulated in cancer cells. Suppressing the expression of P-gp is an effective strategy to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the recommended drug for the standard treatment of patients with glioblastoma, but its clinical application is restricted due to drug resistance. Transient receptor potential channel-5 (TRPC5), a Ca2+-permeable channel, has been attributed to a different drug resistance mechanism except DNA repair system; therefore, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism regarding the role of TRPC5 in TMZ resistance. TRPC5 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) are upregulated in TMZ-resistant glioblastoma cell lines. The downregulation of TRPC5 inhibited P-gp expression and led to a significant reversal of TMZ resistance in TMZ-resistant cell lines. TRPC5-siRNA restricted the growth of tumour xenografts in an athymic nude mouse model of TMZ-resistant cells. In specimens from patients with recurrent glioblastoma, TRPC5 was found to be highly expressed, accompanied by the upregulation of P-gp expression. The nuclear factor of activated T cell isoform c3 (NFATc3), which acts as a transcriptional factor, bridges TRPC5 activity to P-gp induction. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the functional role of the TRPC5-NFATc3-P-gp signalling pathway in TMZ resistance in glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zi'xiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yi'nan Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qin'yi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xu'dong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Zeng'li Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Wuxi No.2 Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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17
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Leceta A, García A, Sologuren A, Campo C. Bilastine 10 and 20 mg in paediatric and adult patients: an updated practical approach to treatment decisions. Drugs Context 2021; 10:dic-2021-5-1. [PMID: 34457015 PMCID: PMC8366504 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2021-5-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bilastine, a non-sedating H1-antihistamine, is indicated to treat the symptoms of allergic disorders (e.g. rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria) in adults and adolescents and, more recently, in children. Following its marketing approval, many questions regarding the ideal use of bilastine in various clinical practice situations have been received by the Medical Information Department (MID) of Faes Farma Spain. This article is an update of a previous review, with a focus on recent clinical information on the use of bilastine in paediatric and other populations. Methods Results of recent clinical studies in paediatric and other populations as well as questions received and responses provided by the Faes Farma MID. Results The information regarding the use of bilastine in paediatric patients is the most relevant aspect of this updated review. The stepwise approval of the paediatric formulations in various countries started with the European Medicines Agency approval in 2017 in accordance with a 2009 Paediatric Investigation Plan, followed by approval in other countries. The queries that are most commonly received by the Faes Farma MID include the potential for drug interactions involving bilastine and other frequently used drugs, and the use of bilastine in special populations or to treat specific symptoms related to allergic conditions. As the concomitant use of many medications is not permitted during clinical trials, the advice provided regarding the concomitant use of other medications with bilastine considers the pharmacological properties of both the drug in question and bilastine, as well as expert opinion. Likewise, advice regarding the use of bilastine in special populations (e.g. patients with renal impairment, obesity, lactose intolerance, and elderly or pregnant individuals) or to treat specific symptoms (e.g. treatment-resistant urticaria, pruritus or BASCULE syndrome) considers the best evidence from a variety of sources, including clinical studies, real-world experience, guideline recommendations and expert opinion. Conclusion This updated review provides current data regarding the best use of bilastine in specific situations and patients and identifies areas in which further knowledge is required. Although decisions regarding the use of bilastine may be aided by expert opinion that relies on knowledge of the underlying science, additional research and evidence are required to answer certain queries regarding the use of bilastine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Leceta
- Medical Affairs Department, Faes Farma SA, Bizkaia, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristina Campo
- Head of Clinical Research Medical Affairs Department, Faes Farma SA, Bizkaia, Spain
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18
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Terasaki T. [Development of Novel Methodology and Its Application for Clarifying the Transport Function of the Blood-brain Barrier]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:447-462. [PMID: 33790111 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.20-00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) consists of brain capillary endothelial cells linked by tight junctions and serves to regulate the transfer of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics between the circulating blood and brain interstitial fluid. We have developed a methodology to characterize brain-to-blood efflux transport in vivo, using the Brain Efflux Index and an in vitro culture model of the BBB, i.e., a conditionally immortalized cell line of the neurovascular unit. Employing these methods, we showed that the BBB plays an important role in protecting the brain by transporting neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, metabolites, uremic toxins, and xenobiotics together with atrial natriuretic peptide from the brain interstitial fluid to the circulating blood. We also developed a highly selective, sensitive LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous protein quantification. We found significant species differences in the expression amounts of various BBB transporter proteins among mice, rats, marmosets, cynomolgus monkeys, and humans. Among transporter proteins at the BBB, multidrug resistance protein 1 (Mdr1/Abcb1) is known to generate a concentration gradient of unbound substrate drugs between the blood and brain. Based on measurements of the intrinsic efflux transport rate of Mdr1 and the protein expression amounts of Mdr1 in mouse brain capillaries and Mdr1-expressing cell lines, we predicted the unbound drug concentration gradients of 7 drugs in the mouse brain in vivo. This was the first successful prediction of in vivo drug transport activity from in vitro experimental data and transporter protein concentration in tissues. This methodology and findings should greatly advance central nervous system barrier research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Terasaki
- Membrane Transport and Drug Targeing Laboratory, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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19
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Huang L, Wells MC, Zhao Z. A Practical Perspective on the Evaluation of Small Molecule CNS Penetration in Drug Discovery. Drug Metab Lett 2020; 13:78-94. [PMID: 30854983 DOI: 10.2174/1872312813666190311125652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The separation of the brain from blood by the blood-brain barrier and the bloodcerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier poses unique challenges for the discovery and development of drugs targeting the central nervous system (CNS). This review will describe the role of transporters in CNS penetration and examine the relationship between unbound brain (Cu-brain) and unbound plasma (Cu-plasma) or CSF (CCSF) concentration. Published data demonstrate that the relationship between Cu-brain and Cu-plasma or CCSF can be affected by transporter status and passive permeability of a drug and CCSF may not be a reliable surrogate for CNS penetration. Indeed, CCSF usually over-estimates Cu-brain for efflux substrates and it provides no additional value over Cu-plasma as the surrogate of Cu-brain for highly permeable non-efflux substrates. A strategy described here for the evaluation of CNS penetration is to use in vitro permeability, P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and breast cancer resistance protein efflux assays and Cu-brain/Cu-plasma in preclinical species. Cu-plasma should be used as the surrogate of Cu-brain for highly permeable non-efflux substrates with no evidence of impaired distribution into the brain. When drug penetration into the brain is impaired, we recommend using (total brain concentration * unbound fraction in the brain) as Cu-brain in preclinical species or Cu-plasma/in vitro Pgp efflux ratio if Pgp is the major limiting mechanism for brain penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyue Huang
- Epizyme Inc, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA-02139, United States
| | - Mary C Wells
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals, 50 Northern Ave, Boston, MA-02210, United States
| | - Zhiyang Zhao
- Alliance Pharma, Inc. 17 Lee Blvd. Malvern, PA-19355, United States
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20
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Desai P, Wang KZ, Ann D, Wang J, Prabhu S. Efficacy and Pharmacokinetic Considerations of Loratadine Nanoformulations and its Combinations for Pancreatic Cancer Chemoprevention. Pharm Res 2020; 37:21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Guntner AS, Thalhamer B, Klampfl C, Buchberger W. Collision cross sections obtained with ion mobility mass spectrometry as new descriptor to predict blood-brain barrier permeation by drugs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19182. [PMID: 31844124 PMCID: PMC6915761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55856-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating the ability of a drug to permeate the blood-brain barrier is not a trivial task due to the structural complexity of the central nervous system. Nevertheless, it is of immense importance to identify related properties of the drugs either to be able to produce a desired effect in the brain or to avoid unwanted side effects there. In the past, multiple methods have been used for that purpose. However, these are sometimes methodologically problematic and do not claim universal validity. Therefore, additional new methods for judging blood-brain barrier penetration by drugs are advantageous. Accordingly, within the scope of this study, we tried to introduce a new structure-derived parameter to predict the blood-brain barrier permeation of small molecules based on ion mobility mass spectrometry experiments – the collision cross section, as an illustration of the branching and the molecular volume of a molecule. In detail, we used ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric data of 46 pharmacologically active small-molecules as well as literature-derived permeability and lipophilicity data to set up our model. For the first time we were able to show a strong correlation between the brain penetration of pharmacologically active ingredients and their mass spectrometric collision cross sections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard Thalhamer
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Christian Klampfl
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Buchberger
- Johannes Kepler University Linz, Institute for Analytical Chemistry, Linz, 4040, Austria
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Human H1 receptor (HRH1) gene polymorphism is associated with the severity of side effects after desloratadine treatment in Chinese patients with chronic spontaneous uticaria. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 20:87-93. [PMID: 31406237 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
H1 nonsedating antihistamines, such as desloratadine, are first-line treatment options for chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU). However, desloratadine induces various degrees of sedation side effect in CSU patients, and no biomarkers currently exist for predicting the severity of such side effect. Herein, we evaluated the association between HRH1 gene rs901865 polymorphism and the severity of sedation side effect following desloratadine therapy in patients with CSU. We found that 20 of the 114 patients (17.50%) showed sedation side effect after desloratadine treatment, and 3 patients (2.63%) experienced serious sleepiness. The frequency of HRH1 rs901865 G allele was significantly higher in patients who experienced sedation than in patients with rs901865 A allele (p = 0.0009). Moreover, patients with the rs901865 G/G genotype suffered a more serious sedation side effect than patients with the rs901865 G/A genotype (p = 0.005). These results provide evidence that the HRH1 rs901865 G/G polymorphism is associated with severe sedation side effect after desloratadine treatment. Thus, the HRH1 rs901865 allele may potentially be used as a biomarker for predicting the severity of sedation side effect in patients suffering from CSU and treated with desloratadine.
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23
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Anti-inflammatory activity of herb products from Licania rigida Benth. Complement Ther Med 2019; 45:254-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Histamine, histamine receptors, and anti-histamines in the context of allergic responses. LYMPHOSIGN JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.14785/lymphosign-2018-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Histamine is a bioactive amine which is considered a key player in the allergic response. Thus, histamine receptor blockers (antihistamines) play an important role in the treatment of a number atopic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and acute and chronic forms of urticaria. Histamine is produced by immune cells but also by bacteria in the gut. Beyond its role in the acute allergic response, histamine exerts numerous effects by binding to its 4 pleiotropic G-protein coupled histamine receptors. Here, we describe the roles of these histamine receptors and antihistamines in the human system, clinical applications, side effects, and novel concepts for the usage of antihistamines with different specificity based on guidelines and recommendations. Statement of novelty: This review provides an overview of histamine receptors and links it to clinical relevance of antagonizing their action in clinical routine.
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Kibathi LW, Bae S, Penzak SR, Kumar P. Potential Influence of Centrally Acting Herbal Drugs on Transporters at the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier and Blood-Brain Barrier. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 43:619-635. [PMID: 29858835 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-018-0486-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medications (CAM) with known or suspected pharmacologic activity in the central nervous system (CNS) are common. These herbal preparations may cause clinically significant drug-drug interactions (DDIs) when coadministered with medications that act in the CNS. This can result in negative outcomes such as toxicity or loss of efficacy. Most drug interaction reports with CAM focus on cytochrome P450 (CYP) modulation. However, drug interactions between CAM and conventional medications may occur via mechanisms other than CYP inhibition or induction; in particular, modulation of drug transport proteins represents an important mechanism by which such interactions may occur. This article provides an updated review of transporter-mediated mechanisms by which herbal products may theoretically interact with centrally acting medications at the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. Further research is required before the true clinical impact of interactions involving modulation of centrally located membrane transporters can be fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian W Kibathi
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research Unit, Clinical Center Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - SoHyun Bae
- University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Scott R Penzak
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, University of North Texas System, College of Pharmacy, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd-RES 302B, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
| | - Parag Kumar
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research Unit, Clinical Center Pharmacy Department, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Differential effects of functionally different histamine H 4 receptor ligands on acute irritant dermatitis in mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 391:1387-1397. [PMID: 30145688 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The anti-inflammatory effects of histamine H4 receptor (H4R) antagonists opened new therapeutic options for the treatment of inflammatory/allergic diseases, but the role of H4R in inflammation is far from being solved. Aim of the present study was to investigate the role of structurally related H4R ligands of the aminopyrimidine class with different efficacies and functionalities (neutral antagonist ST-994, partial agonist ST-1006, inverse agonist ST-1012, and partial inverse agonist ST-1124) on croton oil-induced ear edema and pruritus in mice. The H4R ligands were administered subcutaneously before topical application of croton oil. While ST-1006 and ST-1124 were ineffective at any dose tested (10-100 mg/kg), both ST-994 and ST-1012 (30 and 100 mg/kg) significantly reduced croton oil-induced ear edema. Moreover, ST-994, ST-1006, and ST-1124, but not ST-1012, significantly inhibited croton oil-induced ear pruritus at 30 mg/kg. In accordance with results obtained with the reference H4R antagonist JNJ7777120 (100 mg/kg), histological examination of inflamed ear tissue indicated that treatment with ST-994 (30 mg/kg) led to a significant reduction in the inflammatory severity score and in the number of eosinophils infiltrating the tissue, while the number of degranulated mast cells in inflamed tissues was increased in comparison with the number of intact mast cells. These data indicate that croton oil-induced ear inflammation and pruritus seem to be clearly, but variably, affected by the H4R ligands tested. The potential advantage of dual effect of the H4R neutral antagonist ST-994 has to be carefully considered as a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Chen C, Lee MH, Weng CF, Leong MK. Theoretical Prediction of the Complex P-Glycoprotein Substrate Efflux Based on the Novel Hierarchical Support Vector Regression Scheme. Molecules 2018; 23:E1820. [PMID: 30037151 PMCID: PMC6100076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a membrane-bound transporter, can eliminate xenobiotics by transporting them out of the cells or blood⁻brain barrier (BBB) at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. Thus, P-gp mediated efflux plays a pivotal role in altering the absorption and disposition of a wide range of substrates. Nevertheless, the mechanism of P-gp substrate efflux is rather complex since it can take place through active transport and passive permeability in addition to multiple P-gp substrate binding sites. A nonlinear quantitative structure⁻activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed in this study using the novel machine learning-based hierarchical support vector regression (HSVR) scheme to explore the perplexing relationships between descriptors and efflux ratio. The predictions by HSVR were found to be in good agreement with the observed values for the molecules in the training set (n = 50, r² = 0.96, qCV2 = 0.94, RMSE = 0.10, s = 0.10) and test set (n = 13, q² = 0.80⁻0.87, RMSE = 0.21, s = 0.22). When subjected to a variety of statistical validations, the developed HSVR model consistently met the most stringent criteria. A mock test also asserted the predictivity of HSVR. Consequently, this HSVR model can be adopted to facilitate drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Han Lee
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
| | - Max K Leong
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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Yamasaki Y, Kobayashi K, Okuya F, Kajitani N, Kazuki K, Abe S, Takehara S, Ito S, Ogata S, Uemura T, Ohtsuki S, Minegishi G, Akita H, Chiba K, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y. Characterization of P-Glycoprotein Humanized Mice Generated by Chromosome Engineering Technology: Its Utility for Prediction of Drug Distribution to the Brain in Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1756-1766. [PMID: 29777024 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by the MDR1 gene in humans and by the Mdr1a/1b genes in rodents, is expressed in numerous tissues and performs as an efflux pump to limit the distribution and absorption of many drugs. Owing to species differences of P-gp between humans and rodents, it is difficult to predict the impact of P-gp on pharmacokinetics and the tissue distribution of P-gp substrates in humans from the results of animal experiments. Therefore, we generated a novel P-gp humanized mouse model by using a mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vector [designated human MDR1-MAC (hMDR1-MAC) mice]. The results showed that hMDR1 mRNA was expressed in various tissues of hMDR1-MAC mice. Furthermore, the expression of human P-gp was detected in the brain capillary fraction and plasma membrane fraction of intestinal epithelial cells isolated from hMDR1-MAC mice, although the expression levels of intestinal P-gp were extremely low. Thus, we evaluated the function of human P-gp at the blood-brain barrier of hMDR1-MAC mice. The brain-to-plasma ratios of P-gp substrates in hMDR1-MAC mice were much lower than those in Mdr1a/1b-knockout mice, and the brain-to-plasma ratio of paclitaxel was significantly increased by pretreatment with a P-gp inhibitor in hMDR1-MAC mice. These results indicated that the hMDR1-MAC mice are the first P-gp humanized mice expressing functional human P-gp at the blood-brain barrier. This mouse is a promising model with which to evaluate species differences of P-gp between humans and mice in vivo and to estimate the brain distribution of drugs in humans while taking into account species differences of P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Fuka Okuya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Naoyo Kajitani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Shoko Takehara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Shingo Ito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Seiryo Ogata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Tatsuki Uemura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Genki Minegishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Kan Chiba
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
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29
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Hu W, Chen Z. The roles of histamine and its receptor ligands in central nervous system disorders: An update. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 175:116-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Auvity S, Chapy H, Goutal S, Caillé F, Hosten B, Smirnova M, Declèves X, Tournier N, Cisternino S. Diphenhydramine as a selective probe to study H +-antiporter function at the blood-brain barrier: Application to [ 11C]diphenhydramine positron emission tomography imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2185-2195. [PMID: 27488910 PMCID: PMC5464711 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16662042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diphenhydramine, a sedative histamine H1-receptor (H1R) antagonist, was evaluated as a probe to measure drug/H+-antiporter function at the blood-brain barrier. In situ brain perfusion experiments in mice and rats showed that diphenhydramine transport at the blood-brain barrier was saturable, following Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km = 2.99 mM and Vmax = 179.5 nmol s-1 g-1. In the pharmacological plasma concentration range the carrier-mediated component accounted for 77% of diphenhydramine influx while passive diffusion accounted for only 23%. [14C]Diphenhydramine blood-brain barrier transport was proton and clonidine sensitive but was influenced by neither tetraethylammonium, a MATE1 (SLC47A1), and OCT/OCTN (SLC22A1-5) modulator, nor P-gp/Bcrp (ABCB1a/1b/ABCG2) deficiency. Brain and plasma kinetics of [11C]diphenhydramine were measured by positron emission tomography imaging in rats. [11C]Diphenhydramine kinetics in different brain regions were not influenced by displacement with 1 mg kg-1 unlabeled diphenhydramine, indicating the specificity of the brain positron emission tomography signal for blood-brain barrier transport activity over binding to any central nervous system target in vivo. [11C]Diphenhydramine radiometabolites were not detected in the brain 15 min after injection, allowing for the reliable calculation of [11C]diphenhydramine brain uptake clearance (Clup = 0.99 ± 0.18 mL min-1 cm-3). Diphenhydramine is a selective and specific H+-antiporter substrate. [11C]Diphenhydramine positron emission tomography imaging offers a reliable and noninvasive method to evaluate H+-antiporter function at the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Auvity
- 1 Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France.,2 Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France. Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Hélène Chapy
- 2 Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France. Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Sébastien Goutal
- 1 Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Fabien Caillé
- 1 Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Benoit Hosten
- 2 Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France. Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Maria Smirnova
- 2 Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France. Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Xavier Declèves
- 2 Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France. Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- 1 Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- 1 Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France.,2 Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, INSERM, U1144, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75006, France. Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris, F-75013, France
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31
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Church MK, Labeaga L. Bilastine: a new H 1 -antihistamine with an optimal profile for updosing in urticaria. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:1447-1452. [PMID: 28467671 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review set out to examine published papers detailing the efficacy of bilastine in skin models and urticaria to assess whether it meets the optimal profile for updosing in urticaria, that is, strong clinical efficacy and freedom from unwanted side effects, particularly sedation. Bilastine is a highly effective H1 -antihistamine even when used at the basic dose of 20 mg daily. Its facilitated uptake after oral dosage gives it a rapid onset and long duration of action. In both wheal and flare studies and in urticaria updosing fourfold showed increased effectiveness. With respect to somnolence, bilastine is a substrate for P-glycoprotein, a membrane pump which prevents it crossing the blood-brain barrier. Consequently, bilastine is a practically 'non-sedating' H1 -antihistamine. In conclusion, the excellent profile of bilastine in both efficacy and safety make it the ideal H1 -antihistamine for updosing the daily dose fourfold in difficult-to-treat urticaria as recommended by the EAACI/GA2 LEN/EDF/WAO guideline for the management of urticaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Church
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Allergy Centre Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Labeaga
- Medical Department, FAES Farma, S.A., Bilbao, Spain
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32
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Kim SS, Im SH, Yang JY, Lee YR, Kim GR, Chae JS, Shin DS, Song JS, Ahn S, Lee BH, Woo JC, Ahn JH, Yun CS, Kim P, Kim HR, Lee KR, Bae MA. Zebrafish as a Screening Model for Testing the Permeability of Blood-Brain Barrier to Small Molecules. Zebrafish 2017; 14:322-330. [PMID: 28488933 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the permeability of small molecules into the brain via the blood-brain barrier in zebrafish and to investigate the possibility of using this animal model as a screening tool during the early stages of drug discovery. Fifteen compounds were used to understand the permeation into the brain in zebrafish and mice. The ratio of brain-to-plasma concentration was compared between the two animal models. The partition coefficient (Kp,brain), estimated using the concentration ratio at designated times (0.167, 0.25, 0.5, or 2 h) after oral administrations (per os, p.o), ranged from 0.099 to 5.68 in zebrafish and from 0.080 to 11.8 in mice. A correlation was observed between the Kp,brain values obtained from the zebrafish and mice, suggesting that zebrafish can be used to estimate Kp,brain to predict drug penetration in humans. Furthermore, in vivo transport experiments to understand the permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) transporter-mediated behavior of loperamide (LPM) in zebrafish were performed. The zebrafish, Kp,brain,30min of LPM was determined to be 0.099 ± 0.069 after dosing with LPM alone, which increased to 0.180 ± 0.115 after dosing with LPM and tariquidar (TRQ, an inhibitor of P-gp). In mouse, the Kp,brain,30min of LPM was determined to be 0.080 ± 0.004 after dosing with LPM alone and 0.237 ± 0.013 after dosing with LPM and TRQ. These findings indicate that the zebrafish could be used as an effective screening tool during the discovery stages of new drugs to estimate their distribution in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Soon Kim
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - So Hee Im
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea.,2 Life Science Institute , Daewoong Pharmaceutical, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Yang
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yu-Ri Lee
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Geum Ran Kim
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Sil Chae
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae-Seop Shin
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Song
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea.,3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sunjoo Ahn
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea.,3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Byung Hoi Lee
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jae Chun Woo
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Soo Yun
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Phiho Kim
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyoung Rae Kim
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ryoon Lee
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea.,2 Life Science Institute , Daewoong Pharmaceutical, Yongin, Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- 1 Bio & Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology , Daejeon, Korea.,3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology, University of Science and Technology , Daejeon, Korea
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33
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Noguchi S, Nishimura T, Mukaida S, Benet LZ, Nakashima E, Tomi M. Cellular Uptake of Levocetirizine by Organic Anion Transporter 4. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2895-2898. [PMID: 28385546 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of cetirizine, a nonsedating antihistamine, is profoundly affected by transporter-mediated membrane transport in the kidney. In this study, we aimed to investigate the transport mechanism of levocetirizine, the pharmacologically active enantiomer of cetirizine, via human organic anion transporter 4 (OAT4) expressed in the apical membrane of renal proximal tubules and the basal plasma membrane of placental syncytiotrophoblasts. In cells expressing human OAT4 under the control of tetracycline, levocetirizine uptake was increased by tetracycline treatment. On the other hand, OAT4 expression did not facilitate efflux of preloaded levocetirizine from the cells, either in the presence or absence of extracellular Cl-. The OAT4-mediated levocetirizine uptake was concentration-dependent with a Km of 38 μM. The uptake rate of levocetirizine via OAT4 was approximately twice that of racemic cetirizine, indicating stereoselective uptake of levocetirizine. On the other hand, OAT4-mediated [3H]dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate uptake was inhibited by dextrocetirizine and levocetirizine. Overall, our findings indicate that OAT4 mediates levocetirizine uptake but is unlikely to mediate the efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Noguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Saya Mukaida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leslie Z Benet
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0912
| | - Emi Nakashima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tomi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku 105-8512, Tokyo, Japan.
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Bilastine in symptomatic allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and urticaria: a guide to its use. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40267-017-0381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Faustino-Rocha AI, Ferreira R, Gama A, Oliveira PA, Ginja M. Antihistamines as promising drugs in cancer therapy. Life Sci 2017; 172:27-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Wolkenberg SE, Nolt MB, Bilodeau MT, Trotter BW, Manley PJ, Kett NR, Nanda KK, Wu Z, Cato MJ, Kane SA, Kiss L, Spencer RH, Wang J, Lynch JJ, Regan CP, Stump GL, Li B, White R, Yeh S, Dinsmore CJ, Lindsley CW, Hartman GD. Discovery of MK-1832, a Kv1.5 inhibitor with improved selectivity and pharmacokinetics. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1062-1069. [PMID: 28131713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Selective inhibition of Kv1.5, which underlies the ultra-rapid delayed rectifier current, IKur, has been pursued as a treatment for atrial fibrillation. Here we describe the discovery of MK-1832, a Kv1.5 inhibitor with improved selectivity versus the off-target current IKs, whose inhibition has been associated with ventricular proarrhythmia. MK-1832 exhibits improved selectivity for IKur over IKs (>3000-fold versus 70-fold for MK-0448), consistent with an observed larger window between atrial and ventricular effects in vivo (>1800-fold versus 210-fold for MK-0448). MK-1832 also exhibits an improved preclinical pharmacokinetic profile consistent with projected once daily dosing in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Wolkenberg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | - M Brad Nolt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Mark T Bilodeau
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - B Wesley Trotter
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Peter J Manley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Nathan R Kett
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Kausik K Nanda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Zhicai Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Matthew J Cato
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Stefanie A Kane
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Laszlo Kiss
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Robert H Spencer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Jixin Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Joseph J Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Christopher P Regan
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Gary L Stump
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Rebecca White
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Suzie Yeh
- Department of Drug Metabolism, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Christopher J Dinsmore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - George D Hartman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Khan MSS, Majid AMSA, Iqbal MA, Majid ASA, Al-Mansoub M, Haque RSMA. Designing the angiogenic inhibitor for brain tumor via disruption of VEGF and IL17A expression. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 93:304-18. [PMID: 27552907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant, heterogenic, and drug resistant tumor. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), systemic cytotoxicity, and limited specificity are the main obstacles in designing brain tumor drugs. In this study a computational approach was used to design brain tumor drugs that could downregulate VEGF and IL17A in glioblastoma multiforme type four. Computational screening tools were used to evaluate potential candidates for antiangiogenic activity, target binding, BBB permeability, and ADME physicochemical properties. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxicity, migration, invasion, tube formation, apoptosis, ROS and ELISA assays were conducted for molecule 6 that was deemed most likely to succeed. The efflux ratio of membrane permeability and calculated docking scores of permeability to glycoproteins (P-gps) were used to determine the BBB permeability of the molecules. The results showed BBB permeation for molecule 6, with the predicted efficiency of 0.55kcal/mol and binding affinity of -37kj/mol corresponding to an experimental efflux ratio of 0.625 and predicted -15kj/mol of binding affinity for P-gps. Molecule 6 significantly affected the angiogenesis pathways by 2-fold downregulation of IL17A and VEGF through inactivation of active sites of HSP90 (predicted binding: -37kj/mol, predicted efficiency: 0.55kcal/mol) and p23 (predicted binding: 12kj/mol, predicted efficiency: 0.17kcal/mol) chaperon proteins. Additionally, molecule 6 activated the 17.38% relative fold of ROS level at 18.3μg/mL and upregulated the caspase which lead the potential synergistic apoptosis through the antiangiogenic activity of molecule 6 and thereby the highly efficacious anticancer upshot. The results indicate that the binding of the molecules to the therapeutic target is not essential to produce a lethal effect on cancer cells of the brain and that antiangiogenic efficiency is much more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shamsuddin Sultan Khan
- EMAN Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Amin Malik Shah Abdul Majid
- EMAN Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Adnan Iqbal
- The School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aman Shah Abdul Majid
- EMAN Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; QUEST International University, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Majed Al-Mansoub
- EMAN Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Loperamide-Related Deaths in North Carolina. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40:677-686. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Godse K, Bhattar P, Patil S, Nadkarni N, Gautam M. Updosing of Nonsedating Anti-histamines in Recalcitrant Chronic Urticaria. Indian J Dermatol 2016; 61:273-8. [PMID: 27293247 PMCID: PMC4885179 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.182406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic urticaria (CU) is a persistent, debiliating condition that causes severe impairment on the quality of life (QoL) of patient by interrupting work productivity. Current guidelines recommend second-generation (nonsedating) anti-histamines for the treatment for all forms of urticaria. In patients who do not respond adequately to conventional doses of anti-histamines, it is recommended to increase the dose to up to four times to obtain control. But there are only few controlled studies that have assessed the efficacy and safety of nonsedating anti-histamines. Though sedating histamines are frequently used as an add-on therapy in severe cases, they have a negative impact on QoL by compromising sleep and performance. The use of other suggested therapeutic options (omalizumab, cyclosporine A, montelukast and dapsone) is also limited by paucity of data on their efficacy and adverse effect profile. Second-generation anti-histamines which are relatively safer require more proven data to support their judicious use to improve disease in patients with CU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Godse
- From the Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prachi Bhattar
- From the Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sharmila Patil
- From the Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nitin Nadkarni
- From the Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manjyot Gautam
- From the Department of Dermatology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Mesgari Abbasi M, Valizadeh H, Hamishekar H, Mohammadnejad L, Zakeri-Milani P. The Effects of Cetirizine on P-glycoprotein Expression and Function In vitro and In situ. Adv Pharm Bull 2016; 6:111-8. [PMID: 27123426 PMCID: PMC4845543 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2016.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE P-glycoprotein (P-gp) plays a major role in oral absorption of drugs. Induction or inhibition of P-gp by drugs contributes to variability of its transport activity and often results in clinically relevant drug-drug interactions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cetirizine, a second generation H1 antihistamine, on P-gp function and expression in vitro and in situ. METHODS The in-vitro rhodamin-123 (Rho123) efflux assay in Caco-2 cells was used to study the effect of cetirizine on P-gp function. Western blot analysis was used for surveying the effect of cetirizine on expression of P-gp in Caco-2 cells. Rat in situ single-pass intestinal permeability technique was used to calculate the intestinal permeability of a known P-gp substrate (digoxin) in the presence of cetirizine. The amounts of digoxin and cetirizine in intestinal perfusion samples were analyzed using a HPLC method. RESULTS The results showed significant increase in Rho123 uptake (P < 0.05) and also P-gp band intensity decrease in cetirizine-treated cells in vitro. Furthermore the intestinal permeability of digoxin was also increased significantly in the presence of cetirizine (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Therefore it is concluded that cetirizine is a P-gp inhibitor and this should be considered in co administration of cetrizine with other P-gp substrate drugs. Further investigations are required to confirm our results and to determine the mechanism underlying P-gp inhibition by cetirizine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Mesgari Abbasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Students Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishekar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Mohammadnejad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Zakeri-Milani
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center and Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Diao XX, Zhong K, Li XL, Zhong DF, Chen XY. Isomer-selective distribution of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) hydroxylated metabolites, 3-hydroxy-NBP and 10-hydroxy-NBP, across the rat blood-brain barrier. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1520-7. [PMID: 26567730 PMCID: PMC4816231 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the mechanisms underlying the isomer-selective distribution of 3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) hydroxylated metabolites, 3-hydroxy-NBP (3-OH-NBP) and 10-hydroxy-NBP (10-OH-NBP), across the blood brain barrier (BBB). METHODS After oral administration of NBP (20 mg/kg) to rats, the pharmacokinetics of two major hydroxylated metabolites, 3-OH-NBP and 10-OH-NBP, in plasma and brains were investigated. Plasma and brain protein binding of 3-OH-NBP and 10-OH-NBP was also assessed. To evaluate the influences of major efflux transporters, rats were pretreated with the P-gp inhibitor tariquidar (10 mg/kg, iv) and BCRP inhibitor pantoprazole (40 mg/kg, iv), then received 3-OH-NBP (12 mg/kg, iv) or 10-OH-NBP (3 mg/kg, iv). The metabolic profile of NBP was investigated in rat brain homogenate. RESULTS After NBP administration, the plasma exposure of 3-OH-NBP was 4.64 times that of 10-OH-NBP, whereas the brain exposure of 3-OH-NBP was only 11.8% of 10-OH-NBP. In the rat plasma, 60%±5.2% of 10-OH-NBP was unbound to proteins versus only 22%±2.3% of 3-OH-NBP being unbound, whereas in the rat brain, free fractions of 3-OH-NBP and 10-OH-NBP were 100%±9.7% and 49.9%±14.1%, respectively. In the rats pretreated with tariquidar and pantoprazole, the unbound partition coefficient Kp,uu of 3-OH-NBP was significantly increased, while that of 10-OH-NBP showed a slight but not statistically significant increase. Incubation of rat brain homogenate with NBP yielded 3-OH-NBP but not 10-OH-NBP. CONCLUSION The isomer-selective distribution of 10-OH-NBP and 3-OH-NBP across the BBB of rats is mainly attributed to the differences in plasma and brain protein binding and the efflux transport of 3-OH-NBP. The abundant 10-OH-NBP is not generated in rat brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-xing Diao
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kan Zhong
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiu-li Li
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Da-fang Zhong
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-yan Chen
- Center for Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
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Zhang R, Saito R, Shibahara I, Sugiyama S, Kanamori M, Sonoda Y, Tominaga T. Temozolomide reverses doxorubicin resistance by inhibiting P-glycoprotein in malignant glioma cells. J Neurooncol 2015; 126:235-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hu Y, Sieck DE, Hsu WH. Why are second-generation H1-antihistamines minimally sedating? Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 765:100-6. [PMID: 26291661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
H1-antihistamines are widely used in treating allergic disorders, e.g., conjunctivitis, urticaria, dermatitis and asthma. The first-generation H1-antihistamines have a much greater sedative effect than the second-generation H1-antihistamines. Researchers could not offer a satisfactory explanations until late 1990s when studies showed that second-generation H1-antihistamines were substrates of P-glycoprotein. P-glycoprotein, expressed in the blood-brain barrier, acts as an efflux pump to decrease the concentration of H1-antihistamines in the brain, which minimizes drug effects on the central nervous system and results in less sedation. P-glycoprotein is found in the apical side of the epithelium. It consists of transmembrane domains that bind substrates/drugs and nucleotide-binding domains that bind and hydrolyze ATP to generate energy for the drug efflux. This review mainly discusses interactions between P-glycoprotein and commonly used second-generation H1-antihistamines. In addition, it describes other possible determining factors of minimal sedating properties of second-generation H1-antihistamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Hu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Deidra E Sieck
- Department of Biomedical Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Walter H Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Sander K, Galante E, Gendron T, Yiannaki E, Patel N, Kalber TL, Badar A, Robson M, Johnson SP, Bauer F, Mairinger S, Stanek J, Wanek T, Kuntner C, Kottke T, Weizel L, Dickens D, Erlandsson K, Hutton BF, Lythgoe MF, Stark H, Langer O, Koepp M, Årstad E. Development of Fluorine-18 Labeled Metabolically Activated Tracers for Imaging of Drug Efflux Transporters with Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6058-80. [PMID: 26161456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Increased activity of efflux transporters, e.g., P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), at the blood-brain barrier is a pathological hallmark of many neurological diseases, and the resulting multiple drug resistance represents a major clinical challenge. Noninvasive imaging of transporter activity can help to clarify the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance and facilitate diagnosis, patient stratification, and treatment monitoring. We have developed a metabolically activated radiotracer for functional imaging of P-gp/BCRP activity with positron emission tomography (PET). In preclinical studies, the tracer showed excellent initial brain uptake and clean conversion to the desired metabolite, although at a sluggish rate. Blocking with P-gp/BCRP modulators led to increased levels of brain radioactivity; however, dynamic PET did not show differential clearance rates between treatment and control groups. Our results provide proof-of-concept for development of prodrug tracers for imaging of P-gp/BCRP function in vivo but also highlight some challenges associated with this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Sander
- †Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, 235 Euston Road, T5, London NW1 2BU, U.K
| | - Eva Galante
- †Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, 235 Euston Road, T5, London NW1 2BU, U.K
| | - Thibault Gendron
- †Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, 235 Euston Road, T5, London NW1 2BU, U.K
| | - Elena Yiannaki
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Niral Patel
- §Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- §Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Adam Badar
- §Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Mathew Robson
- ∥Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Sean P Johnson
- ∥Cancer Institute, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Florian Bauer
- ⊥Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Severin Mairinger
- #Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Johann Stanek
- #Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Thomas Wanek
- #Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Claudia Kuntner
- #Health and Environment Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Tim Kottke
- ∇Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lilia Weizel
- ∇Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David Dickens
- ○The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Block A Waterhouse Buildings, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GL, U.K
| | - Kjell Erlandsson
- †Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, 235 Euston Road, T5, London NW1 2BU, U.K
| | - Brian F Hutton
- †Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, 235 Euston Road, T5, London NW1 2BU, U.K
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- §Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6DD, U.K
| | - Holger Stark
- ∇Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biocenter, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Oliver Langer
- ●Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer-Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Koepp
- ◆Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, U.K
| | - Erik Årstad
- †Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, 235 Euston Road, T5, London NW1 2BU, U.K
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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Ferreira RJ, Ferreira MJU, dos Santos DJVA. Do adsorbed drugs onto P-glycoprotein influence its efflux capability? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:22023-34. [PMID: 26235302 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03216d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The membrane biophysical aspects by which multidrug resistance (MDR) relate to the ABC transporter function still remain largely unknown. Notwithstanding the central role that efflux pumps like P-glycoprotein have in MDR onset, experimental studies classified additionally the lipid micro-environment where P-gp is inserted as a determinant for the increased efflux capability demonstrated in MDR cell lines. Recently, a nonlinear model for drug-membrane interactions showed that, upon drug adsorption, long-range mechanical alterations are predicted to affect the P-gp ATPase function at external drug concentrations of ∼10-100 μM. However, our results also show that drug adsorption may also occur at P-gp nucleotide-binding domains where conformational changes drive the efflux cycle. Thus, we assessed the effect of drug adsorption to both protein-water and lipid-water interfaces by means of molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that free energies of adsorption are lower for modulators in both lipid/water and protein/water interfaces. Important differences in drug-protein interactions, protein dynamics and membrane biophysical characteristics were observed between the different classes. Therefore, we hypothesize that drug adsorption to the protein and lipid-water interface accounts for a complex network of events that affect the ability of transporters to efflux drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J Ferreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.Ulisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Doak B, Over B, Giordanetto F, Kihlberg J. Oral Druggable Space beyond the Rule of 5: Insights from Drugs and Clinical Candidates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:1115-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sjöstedt N, Kortejärvi H, Kidron H, Vellonen KS, Urtti A, Yliperttula M. Challenges of using in vitro data for modeling P-glycoprotein efflux in the blood-brain barrier. Pharm Res 2014; 31:1-19. [PMID: 23797466 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1124-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of central nervous system (CNS) drugs may be limited by their poor ability to cross the bloodbrain barrier (BBB). Transporters, such as p-glycoprotein, may affect the distribution of many drugs into the CNS in conjunction with the restricted paracellular pathway of the BBB. It is therefore important to gain information on unbound drug concentrations in the brain in drug development to ensure sufficient drug exposure from plasma at the target site in the CNS. In vitro methods are routinely used in drug development to study passive permeability and p-glycoprotein efflux of new drugs. This review discusses the challenges in the use of in vitro data as input parameters in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of CNS drug disposition of p-glycoprotein substrates. Experience with quinidine demonstrates the variability in in vitro parameters of passive permeability and active pglycoprotein efflux. Further work is needed to generate parameter values that are independent of the model and assay. This is a prerequisite for reliable predictions of drug concentrations in the brain in vivo.
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Poirier A, Cascais AC, Bader U, Portmann R, Brun ME, Walter I, Hillebrecht A, Ullah M, Funk C. Calibration of In Vitro Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 Substrate and Inhibition Assays as a Basis to Support the Prediction of Clinically Relevant Interactions In Vivo. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1411-22. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.057943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Bagal S, Bungay P. Restricting CNS penetration of drugs to minimise adverse events: role of drug transporters. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2014; 12:e79-85. [PMID: 25027378 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Some drug discovery approaches can benefit from restricting the access of compounds to the central nervous system (CNS) to minimise the risk of side-effects. Designing compounds that act as substrates for efflux transporters in the blood–brain barrier can achieve CNS restriction without significantly impairing absorption in the intestine. In vitro assays can be deployed to optimise a balance between passive permeability and active efflux via the ABC family transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP, ABCG2) whilst in vivo estimates of distribution of unbound concentrations of drug are needed to understand pharmacologically relevant exposure in peripheral and central compartments. This strategy can deliver significant CNS restriction whilst retaining good oral bioavailability, cell penetration and pharmacological activity. The possible risks of targeting P-gp and BCRP in orally delivered drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharan Bagal
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Neusentis, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Great, Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, UK
| | - Peter Bungay
- Pfizer Neusentis, The Portway Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, CB21 6GS, UK
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Irinotecan and temozolomide brain distribution: a focus on ABCB1. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 74:185-93. [PMID: 24867782 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor in adults, is usually rapidly fatal with median survival duration of only 15 months and a 3-year survival rate of <7 %. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the only anticancer drug that has improved survival in GBM when administered with concomitant radiotherapy. Irinotecan (CPT-11) has also shown efficacy in recurrent gliomas monotherapy with moderate response. As the efficacy of GBM treatments relies on their brain distribution through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the aim of the present work was to study, on an in vivo model, the brain distribution of TMZ, CPT-11 and its active metabolite, SN-38. We have focussed on the role of ABCB1, the main efflux transporter at the BBB level, through pharmacokinetics studies in CF1 mdr1a(+/+) and mdr1a(-/-) mice. Our results show that TMZ, CPT-11 and SN-38 are transported by ABCB1 at the BBB level with brain/plasma ratios of 1.1, 2.1 and 2.3, respectively.
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