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Medjahed Z, Chaher-Bazizi N, Atmani-Kilani D, Ahmane N, Ruiz-Larrea MB, Sanz JIR, Charid I, Amant F, Fonayet JV, Saidene N, Atmani D, Richard T. A novel flavonol glycoside and six derivatives of quercetin and kaempferol from Clematis flammula with antioxidant and anticancer potentials. Fitoterapia 2023; 170:105642. [PMID: 37567483 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Clematis flammula leaves are traditionally used in Algeria to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Our aim was to identify the main compounds in this plant in order to characterize its antioxidant and anticancer activities. A new flavonol compound, kaempferol 3-O-[(6-O- caffeoyl)- glucosyl(1 → 2)]-(6-Ocaffeoyl) glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (6) along with six known flavonol molecules were isolated from an ethanolic extract of Clematis flammula leaves. The chemical structures of these flavonols were elucidated using NMR and high resolution-MS spectroscopies. Antioxidant activities of the extract were revealed through its elimination of superoxide radical (O2.-) produced enzymatically (49.7 ± 1.52% at 50 μg/ml) and non-enzymatically (34 ± 1.2% at 100 μg/ml), probably related to its inhibition of the xanthine oxidase form of the xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) enzyme (25.05 ± 2.33 μg/mL at 100 μg/mL), but mostly to that of the NADH oxidase form of the enzyme (69.16 ± 4.0%). Cytotoxicity tests of the extract on human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and ovarian cancer cell lines A2780 and OVCAR3 were promising especially regarding A2780 cell line (IC50: 77.0 μg/mL), which was comparable to taxol (IC50:76.9 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zineb Medjahed
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Jijel, 18000 Jijel, Algérie
| | - Nassima Chaher-Bazizi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie
| | - Dina Atmani-Kilani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie.
| | - Nadjia Ahmane
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie
| | - Marie Begoña Ruiz-Larrea
- Department of Physiology, Medicine and Nursery School, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Ruiz Sanz
- Department of Physiology, Medicine and Nursery School, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Imane Charid
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Department of Oncology, Gynecologic Oncology, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Josep Valls Fonayet
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Naima Saidene
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie
| | - Djebbar Atmani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algérie
| | - Tristan Richard
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, OENO, UMR 1366, ISVV, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Lee GM, Kim SJ, Kim EM, Kim E, Lee S, Lee E, Park HH, Shin H. Free radical-scavenging composite gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels for cell encapsulation. Acta Biomater 2022; 149:96-110. [PMID: 35779769 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels have been widely used for cell encapsulation in tissue engineering due to their cell adhesiveness and biocompatibility. However, free radicals generated during gelation decrease the viability of the encapsulated cells by increasing intracellular oxidative stress, so appropriate strategies for scavenging free radicals need to be developed. To meet that need, we developed composite GelMA hydrogels incorporating nanofiber particles (EF) coated with epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG). The GelMA composite hydrogels were successfully fabricated and had a storage modulus of about 5 kPa, which is similar to that of pristine GelMA hydrogel, and the drastic free radical scavenging activity of EGCG was highly preserved after gelation. In addition, human adipose-derived stem cells encapsulated within our composite hydrogels had better viability (about 1.5 times) and decreased intracellular oxidative stress (about 0.3 times) compared with cells within the pristine GelMA hydrogel. We obtained similar results with human dermal fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, indicating that our composite hydrogels are suitable for various cell types. Furthermore, we found that the ability of the encapsulated cells to spread and migrate increased by 5 times within the composite hydrogels. Collectively, our results demonstrate that incorporating EF into GelMA hydrogels is a promising way to enhance cell viability by reducing free-radical-derived cellular damage when fabricating 3D tissue ex vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels have been widely applied to various tissue engineering applications because of their biocompatibility and cell interactivity. However, free radicals generated during the GelMA hydrogel fabrication decrease the viability of encapsulated cells by elevating intracellular oxidative stress. Here, we demonstrate radical scavenging GelMA hydrogels incorporating epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG)-coated nanofiber particles (EF). The composite GelMA hydrogels are successfully fabricated, maintaining their mechanical properties, and the viability of encapsulated human adipose-derived stem cells is greatly improved after the gelation, indicating that our composite GelMA hydrogel alleviates damages from free radicals. Collectively, the incorporation of EF within GelMA hydrogels may be a promising way to enhance the viability of encapsulated cells, which could be applied to 3D tissue fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Min Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jeong Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhyung Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; BK21 Plus Future Biopharmaceutical Human Resources Training and Research Team, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Ferreira-Santos P, Nogueira A, Rocha CMR, Wilson CP, Teixeira JA, Botelho C. Sambucus nigra flower and berry extracts for food and therapeutic applications: effect of gastrointestinal digestion on in vitro and in vivo bioactivity and toxicity. Food Funct 2022; 13:6762-6776. [PMID: 35666472 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00335j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bioavailability of natural compounds should be assessed through different perspectives. Studying the behaviour of the extracts after digestion is often overlooked but is crucial for success in the development of active food ingredients. Thus, the bioaccessibility of S. nigra (flower and berry) extracts after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and their effect on toxicity and bioactive potential were studied. The flower extract had a higher content of phenolic compounds, like rutin, chlorogenic acid and rosmarinic acid, while in the berry extract, rutin, resveratrol, ferulic acid and chlorogenic acid were the main phenolic compounds. The effect of the non-digested and digested extracts was significantly different on different cell lines. The IC50 of the normal cell line (L929) was the highest, indicating low toxicity. The IC50 of the cancerous cell lines (HeLa and HT29) was lower, particularly the extract obtained from the flower upon digestion. In the presence of an oxidant agent - tbHP, only the berry extract was able to significantly reduce the formation of ROS in the L929 cell line, while in the HeLa cells, all the extracts were able to reduce ROS formation. The in vivo Artemia salina lethality bioassay demonstrated a dose-dependent effect of extracts, and the berry digested extract induced the lowest mortality rate. The promising results obtained on the chemical and biological evaluation of the extracts indicate that the natural compounds isolated from S. nigra by-products can be used as potential ingredients for functional food formulations and/or as bio-therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ferreira-Santos
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. .,LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, 4710-057-122 Braga, Portugal
| | - António Nogueira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. .,LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, 4710-057-122 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina M R Rocha
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. .,LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, 4710-057-122 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina Pereira Wilson
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. .,LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, 4710-057-122 Braga, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. .,LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, 4710-057-122 Braga, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Botelho
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. .,LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, 4710-057-122 Braga, Portugal
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Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide Produced by Catechins on the Aroma of Tea Beverages. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091273. [PMID: 35563996 PMCID: PMC9102859 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide has a significant effect on the flavor of tea beverages. In this study, the yield of hydrogen peroxide in (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) solution was first investigated and found to be significantly enhanced under specific conditions, and the above phenomenon was amplified by the addition of linalool. Then, an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution was added to a linalool solution and it was found that the concentration of linalool was significantly reduced in the above-reconstituted system. These findings were verified by extending the study system to the whole green tea infusions. The results suggested that the production of hydrogen peroxide in tea beverages may be dominated by catechins, with multiple factors acting synergistically, thereby leading to aroma deterioration and affecting the quality of tea beverages. The above results provided a feasible explanation for the deterioration of flavor quality of green tea beverages with shelf life.
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Choudhury P, Barua A, Roy A, Pattanayak R, Bhattacharyya M, Saha P. Eugenol emerges as an elixir by targeting β-catenin, the central cancer stem cell regulator in lung carcinogenesis: an in vivo and in vitro rationale. Food Funct 2021; 12:1063-1078. [PMID: 33443517 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02105a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
According to population-based studies, lung cancer has become one of the leading causes of death globally in males and is also rising in females at an alarming rate. The aim of this study was to exploit the inherent properties of eugenol to restrict the growth of cancer cells in a tobacco-related human carcinogen NDEA-induced lung carcinogenesis model in vivo as a chemopreventive agent. More precisely, by utilizing its abundance in nature, eugenol (a component of clove) was utilized to establish the molecular mechanism of chemoprevention in the NDEA-induced mouse lung carcinogenesis model in a substantial cost-effective manner and was validated in the A549 human lung cancer cell line. Our study especially targeted the tiny, drug-resistant, and most virulent subpopulation of cancer cells called CSCs by targeting their regulator molecule β-catenin. The non-toxic dosage of eugenol was shown to enhance apoptosis, simultaneously suppressing cell proliferation in the lung tissue of carcinogen-treated mice without affecting the normal mice. Combining cellular apoptosis and proliferation, eugenol showed an exceptional chemopreventive potential in this lung carcinogenesis model. Importantly, eugenol strongly restricted the lung carcinoma in the mild dysplastic stage as a chemopreventive agent. The molecular analysis remarkably depicted the restriction of β-catenin nuclear transportation. The minimized total β-catenin pool and induced N-terminal Ser37 phosphorylation form after eugenol treatment resulted in its cytoplasmic degradation. Consequently, CSC markers such as CD44, Oct4, EpCAM, and Notcht1, whose expression is dependent on β-catenin decreased significantly, as proven by IHC, ICC, and WB analysis both in vivo and in vitro. The in vitro secondary sphere formation assay also proved the remarkably repressed CSC population, and hence the virulence. In another way, eugenol was proven to significantly enhance the degradation of β-catenin when treated with the CK1α inhibitor D4476 in vitro by Western blot. CK1α in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a crucial role for tagging with the N-terminal Ser45 phosphorylation of β-catenin, which ultimately opens a position for the decisive phosphorylation by GSK3β at the Ser37 residue to take place. Thus, the conclusive extermination of CSCs achieved that was associated with recurrence due to treatment failure. That can help to achieve a longer and better quality of life in a natural, economical way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Choudhury
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-700026, West Bengal, India.
| | - Atish Barua
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-700026, West Bengal, India.
| | - Anup Roy
- Department of Pathology, N.R.S. Medical College, Kolkata-700014, West Bengal, India.
| | - Rudradip Pattanayak
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Citivan International Research Center, 1719 6th Avenue South Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Maitree Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, West Bengal, India.
| | - Prosenjit Saha
- Department of Cancer Chemoprevention, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-700026, West Bengal, India.
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Okazaki Y, Ishidzu Y, Ito F, Tanaka H, Hori M, Toyokuni S. L-Dehydroascorbate efficiently degrades non-thermal plasma-induced hydrogen peroxide. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 700:108762. [PMID: 33482147 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) devices generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species, such as singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide (O2-), hydroxyl radical (●OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ozone, and nitric oxide at near-physiological temperature. In preclinical studies, NTP promotes blood coagulation, wound healing with disinfection, and selective killing of cancer cells. Although these biological effects of NTP have been widely explored, the stoichiometric quantitation of ROS in the liquid phase has not been performed in the presence of biocompatible reducing agents, which may modify the final biological effects of NTP. Here, we utilized electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantitate ●OH, using a spin-trapping probe 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide; 1O2, using a fluorescent probe; and O2- and H2O2, using luminescent probes, after NTP exposure in the presence of antioxidants. l-ascorbate (Asc) at 50 μM concentration (physiological concentration in serum) significantly scavenged ●OH, whereas (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and α-tocopherol were also effective at performing scavenging activities at 250 μM concentrations. Asc significantly scavenged O2- and H2O2 at 100 μM. l-Dehydroascorbate (DHA), an oxidized form of Asc, degraded H2O2, whereas it did not quench ●OH or O2-, which are sources of H2O2. Furthermore, EGCG efficiently scavenged NTP-induced 1O2, O2-, and H2O2 in Chelex-treated water. These results indicate that the redox cycling of Asc/DHA and metabolites of DHA are important to be considered when applying NTP to cells and tissues. Additionally, ROS-reducing compounds, such as EGCG, affect the outcome. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interaction between ROS and biomolecules to promote the medical applications of NTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasumasa Okazaki
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yuuri Ishidzu
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fumiya Ito
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Tanaka
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan; Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masaru Hori
- Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate mobilizes intracellular Ca 2+ in prostate cancer cells through combined Ca 2+ entry and Ca 2+-induced Ca 2+ release. Life Sci 2020; 258:118232. [PMID: 32781066 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To elucidate the mechanism by which (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) mediates intracellular Ca2+ increase in androgen-independent prostate cancer (PCa) cells. MAIN METHODS Following exposure to different doses of EGCG, viability of DU145 and PC3 PCa cells was evaluated by MTT assay and the intracellular Ca2+ dynamics by the fluorescent Ca2+ chelator Fura-2. The expression of different channels was investigated by qPCR analysis and sulfhydryl bonds by Ellman's assay. KEY FINDINGS EGCG inhibited DU145 and PC3 proliferation with IC50 = 46 and 56 μM, respectively, and induced dose-dependent peaks of internal Ca2+ that were dependent on extracellular Ca2+. The expression of TRPC4 and TRPC6 channels was revealed by qPCR in PC3 cells, but lack of effect by modulators and blockers ruled out an exclusive role for these, as well as for voltage-dependent T-type Ca2+ channels. Application of dithiothreitol and catalase and sulfhydryl (SH) measurements showed that EGCG-induced Ca2+ rise depends on SH oxidation, while the effect of EGTA, dantrolene, and the PLC inhibitor U73122 suggested that EGCG-induced Ca2+ influx acts as a trigger for Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release, involving both ryanodine and IP3 receptors. Different from EGCG, ATP caused a rapid Ca2+ increase, which was independent of external Ca2+, but sensitive to U73122. SIGNIFICANCE EGCG induces an internal Ca2+ increase in PCa cells by a multi-step mechanism. As dysregulation of cytosolic Ca2+ is directly linked to apoptosis in PCa cells, these data confirm the possibility of using EGCG as a synergistic adjuvant in combined therapies for recalcitrant malignancies like androgen-independent PCa.
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9
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Cho HR, Lee SO. Novel hepatoprotective peptides derived from protein hydrolysates of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Food Res Int 2020; 133:109194. [PMID: 32466897 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we hypothesized that protein hydrolysates of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) which is known to exert significant scavenging activity toward reactive oxygen species (ROS) might protect liver cells against ROS-induced cytotoxicity. Therefore, hepatoprotective effects of protein hydrolysates of mealworm and their underlying mechanisms were investigated in AML12 mouse liver cells and the responsible peptides were further identified. Pretreatment with the mealworm alcalase hydrolysate (MAH; <1 kDa) showed the highest protective effect against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in AML12 cells among three mealworm hydrolysates produced by different proteases (alcalase, flavourzyme, and neutrase). Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that MAH reduces ROS levels through increasing NF-E2-related factor 2-mediated expression of catalase, heme oxygenase-1, and genes involved in glutathione synthesis. Moreover, two novel hepatoprotective peptides, Ala-Lys-Lys-His-Lys-Glu and Leu-Glu, which shared similar mechanisms of action with MAH were identified. These results suggest that MAH and the two peptides represent potential sources of natural hepatoprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Rin Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Kim S, Woo ER, Lee DG. Synergistic Antifungal Activity of Isoquercitrin: Apoptosis and Membrane Permeabilization Related to Reactive Oxygen Species inCandida albicans. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:283-292. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suhyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
| | - Eun-Rhan Woo
- College of Pharmacy; Chosun University; Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group; Kyungpook National University; Daegu Korea
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Jarhad DB, Mashelkar KK, Kim HR, Noh M, Jeong LS. Dual-Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinase 1A (DYRK1A) Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutics. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9791-9810. [PMID: 29985601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a member of an evolutionarily conserved family of protein kinases that belongs to the CMGC group of kinases. DYRK1A, encoded by a gene located in the human chromosome 21q22.2 region, has attracted attention due to its association with both neuropathological phenotypes and cancer susceptibility in patients with Down syndrome (DS). Inhibition of DYRK1A attenuates cognitive dysfunctions in animal models for both DS and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Furthermore, DYRK1A has been studied as a potential cancer therapeutic target because of its role in the regulation of cell cycle progression by affecting both tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Consequently, selective synthetic inhibitors have been developed to determine the role of DYRK1A in various human diseases. Our perspective includes a comprehensive review of potent and selective DYRK1A inhibitors and their forthcoming therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyandev B Jarhad
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Karishma K Mashelkar
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Lak Shin Jeong
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
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12
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Grube S, Ewald C, Kögler C, Lawson McLean A, Kalff R, Walter J. Achievable Central Nervous System Concentrations of the Green Tea Catechin EGCG Induce Stress in Glioblastoma Cells in Vitro. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:1145-1158. [PMID: 30198785 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1495239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The polyphenolic compounds present in green tea are preventative against cancer in several animal tumor models. However, direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells have also been reported. In order to determine whether drinking of green tea has chemopreventive or cytotoxic effects on brain cancer cells, we investigated the effect of the major green tea polyphenol EGCG as a pure substance and as tea extract dietary supplement on primary human glioblastoma cell cultures at the CNS-achievable concentration of 100 nM reported in the literature. We compared this with the effect of the cytotoxic concentration of 500 μM determined to be specific for the investigated primary glioblastoma cultures. After treatment with 500 µM EGCG, strong induction of autophagy and apoptosis was observed. Under treatment with 100 nM EGCG, glioblastoma cells proliferated over the entire observation period of 6 days without any detectable signs of cell death. Only within the first 12 h of treatment was increased accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and increased reactive oxygen species production as a stress response demonstrated. Mild forms of stress, such as treatment with 100 nM EGCG, activate different endogenous repair mechanisms to protect cells. Our data imply that drinking of green tea may have chemopreventive effects, but no direct cytotoxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Grube
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Section of Experimental Neurooncology, University Hospital Jena - Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - Christian Ewald
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Section of Experimental Neurooncology, University Hospital Jena - Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany.,b Department of Neurosurgery , Brandenburg Medical School, Campus Brandenburg an der Havel , Brandenburg an der Havel , Germany
| | - Christine Kögler
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Section of Experimental Neurooncology, University Hospital Jena - Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - Aaron Lawson McLean
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Section of Experimental Neurooncology, University Hospital Jena - Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - Rolf Kalff
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Section of Experimental Neurooncology, University Hospital Jena - Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany
| | - Jan Walter
- a Department of Neurosurgery , Section of Experimental Neurooncology, University Hospital Jena - Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena , Germany
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13
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TAKEDA K, NOJIMA H, KUWAHARA K, CHIDYA RC, ADESINA AO, SAKUGAWA H. Nanomolar Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide in Coastal Seawater Based on the Fenton Reaction with Terephthalate. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:459-464. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17p536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko TAKEDA
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Hitoshi NOJIMA
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University
| | - Kengo KUWAHARA
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | | | | | - Hiroshi SAKUGAWA
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University
- Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University
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14
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Alteration of murine duodenal morphology and redox signalling events by reactive oxygen species generated after whole body γ-irradiation and its prevention by ferulic acid. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:886-910. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1388916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Radiosensitizing effect of ellagic acid on growth of Hepatocellular carcinoma cells: an in vitro study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14043. [PMID: 29070894 PMCID: PMC5656621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Failure of treatment for cancer in clinic by radio/chemotherapy is generally attributed to tumour resistance. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies to increase the cytotoxicity of tumour cells by radiation in combination with unique tumour selective cytotoxic agents. We evaluated the potential of ellagic acid (EA) as an enhancer of oxidative stress in cancer cells. HepG2 cells were treated with EA (10 µM) for 12 h prior to exposure of single 7.5 Gy dose of irradiation. Treatment of HepG2 cells with EA and gamma radiation showed increased reactive oxygen species generation, up regulation of p53 protein expression, decreased survival markers level like p-Akt, p-NF-kB and p-STAT3 which were significantly higher after radiation treatment alone. We also found that combination treatment increased G2/M phase cell population, decreased IL-6, COX–2 and TNF-α expression and caused a loss in mitochondrial membrane potential with decreased level of angiogenesis marker MMP-9. Over expression of Bax and activation of caspase 3 indicated the apoptosis of the cells. The results provided a strong unique strategy to kill cancer cells HepG2, using less radiation dose along with effective pro-oxidant dose of EA.
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16
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Sengupta A, Manna K, Datta S, Das U, Biswas S, Chakrabarti N, Dey S. Herbicide exposure induces apoptosis, inflammation, immune modulation and suppression of cell survival mechanism in murine model. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra27883c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrates paraquat induced cellular toxicity in spleen and associated ROS generation, mitochondria dependent cellular apoptosis, inflammation and splenomegaly inSwiss Albinomice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaveri Sengupta
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Siddhartha Datta
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Ujjal Das
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Sushobhan Biswas
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Nilkanta Chakrabarti
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology
- DST-PURSE & UGC-CPEPA Supported Department
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology (CRNN)
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata – 700009
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Das U, Biswas S, Sengupta A, Manna K, Chakraborty A, Dey S. Ferulic acid (FA) abrogates ionizing radiation-induced oxidative damage in murine spleen. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:806-818. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1230241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal Das
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Sushobhan Biswas
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Aaveri Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Krishnendu Manna
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Anindita Chakraborty
- Division of Radiation Biology, UGC-DAE CSR Center Kolkata, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjit Dey
- Department of Physiology, Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology and Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA), University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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18
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Wan MLY, Ling KH, Wang MF, El-Nezami H. Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves epithelial barrier function by inducing the production of antimicrobial peptide pBD-1 and pBD-2 in monolayers of porcine intestinal epithelial IPEC-J2 cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1048-58. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murphy L. Y. Wan
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - K. H. Ling
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - M. F. Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Hong Kong
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
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19
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Taleb H, Maddocks SE, Morris RK, Kanekanian AD. The Antibacterial Activity of Date Syrup Polyphenols against S. aureus and E. coli. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:198. [PMID: 26952177 PMCID: PMC4768629 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived products such as date syrup (DS) have demonstrated antibacterial activity and can inhibit bacteria through numerous different mechanisms, which may be attributed to bioactive compounds including plant-derived phenolic molecules. DS is rich in polyphenols and this study hypothesized that DS polyphenols demonstrate inherent antimicrobial activity, which cause oxidative damage. This investigation revealed that DS has a high content of total polyphenols (605 mg/100 g), and is rich in tannins (357 mg/100 g), flavonoids (40.5 mg/100 g), and flavanols (31.7 mg/100 g) that are known potent antioxidants. Furthermore, DS, and polyphenols extracted from DS, the most abundant bioactive constituent of DS are bacteriostatic to both Gram positive and Gram negative Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. It has further been shown that the extracted polyphenols independently suppress the growth of bacteria at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 30 and 20 mg/mL for E. coli and S. aureus, and have observed that DS behaves as a prooxidant by generating hydrogen peroxide that mediates bacterial growth inhibition as a result of oxidative stress. At sub-lethal MIC concentrations DS demonstrated antioxidative activity by reducing hydrogen peroxide, and at lethal concentrations DS demonstrated prooxidant activity that inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. aureus. The high sugar content naturally present in DS did not significantly contribute to this effect. These findings highlight that DS’s antimicrobial activity is mediated through hydrogen peroxide generation in inducing oxidative stress in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Taleb
- Department of Healthcare and Food, Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah E Maddocks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff, UK
| | - R Keith Morris
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff, UK
| | - Ara D Kanekanian
- Department of Healthcare and Food, Cardiff School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff, UK
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20
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Manna K, Das U, Das D, Kesh SB, Khan A, Chakraborty A, Dey S. Naringin inhibits gamma radiation-induced oxidative DNA damage and inflammation, by modulating p53 and NF-κB signaling pathways in murine splenocytes. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:422-39. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1016018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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21
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Krstic M, Stojadinovic M, Smiljanic K, Stanic-Vucinic D, Cirkovic Velickovic T. The anti-cancer activity of green tea, coffee and cocoa extracts on human cervical adenocarcinoma HeLa cells depends on both pro-oxidant and anti-proliferative activities of polyphenols. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13230k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thein vitroanti-cervical cancer potency of tested polyphenol extracts is exhibited in the following order: green tea > coffee > cocoa, with only green tea showing both pro-oxidative and anti-proliferative action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Krstic
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Marija Stojadinovic
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Katarina Smiljanic
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Dragana Stanic-Vucinic
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Tanja Cirkovic Velickovic
- University of Belgrade – Faculty of Chemistry
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Food Sciences
- Department of Biochemistry
- 11000 Belgrade
- Serbia
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22
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New insights into the mechanisms of polyphenols beyond antioxidant properties; lessons from the green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin 3-gallate. Redox Biol 2014; 2:187-95. [PMID: 24494192 PMCID: PMC3909779 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2013.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea is rich in polyphenol flavonoids including catechins. Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant and potent green tea catechin. EGCG has been extensively studied for its beneficial health effects as a nutriceutical agent. Based upon its chemical structure, EGCG is often classified as an antioxidant. However, treatment of cells with EGCG results in production of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in the presence of Fe (III). Thus, EGCG functions as a pro-oxidant in some cellular contexts. Recent investigations have revealed many other direct actions of EGCG that are independent from anti-oxidative mechanisms. In this review, we discuss these novel molecular mechanisms of action for EGCG. In particular, EGCG directly interacts with proteins and phospholipids in the plasma membrane and regulates signal transduction pathways, transcription factors, DNA methylation, mitochondrial function, and autophagy to exert many of its beneficial biological actions. Many biological actions of EGCG are mediated by specific mechanisms other than its well-known anti-oxidant properties. EGCG is a pro-oxidant per se in some biological contexts. EGCG directly interacts with cell surface membrane proteins and specific known receptors. Treatment of cells with EGCG regulates specific intracellular signaling pathways and transcription. Specific biological actions of EGCG are regulated in a concentration-dependent manner.
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23
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Tao L, Forester SC, Lambert JD. The role of the mitochondrial oxidative stress in the cytotoxic effects of the green tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, in oral cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:665-76. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tao
- Center of Excellence for Plant and Mushroom Foods for Health; Department of Food Science; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park; PA USA
| | - Sarah C. Forester
- Center of Excellence for Plant and Mushroom Foods for Health; Department of Food Science; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park; PA USA
| | - Joshua D. Lambert
- Center of Excellence for Plant and Mushroom Foods for Health; Department of Food Science; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park; PA USA
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24
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Lu LY, Ou N, Lu QB. Antioxidant induces DNA damage, cell death and mutagenicity in human lung and skin normal cells. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3169. [PMID: 24201298 PMCID: PMC3821017 DOI: 10.1038/srep03169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials have shown that antioxidant supplementation increased the risk of lung and skin cancers, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unknown. Here, we show that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as an exemplary antioxidant induced significant death and DNA damage in human lung and skin normal cells through a reductive mechanism. Our results show direct evidence of reductive DNA damage in the cells. We found that EGCG was much more toxic against normal cells than H₂O₂ and cisplatin as toxic and cancer-causing agents, while EGCG at low concentrations (≤100 μM) increased slightly the lung cancer cell viability. EGCG induced DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in normal cells and enhanced the mutation frequency. These results provide a compelling explanation for the clinical results and unravel a new reductive damaging mechanism in cellular processes. This study therefore provides a fresh understanding of aging and diseases, and may lead to effective prevention and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Y. Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Ning Ou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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25
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Lee MJ, Song HJ, Jeong JY, Park SY, Sohn UD. Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of QGC in Cultured Feline Esophageal Epithelial Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:81-7. [PMID: 23440684 PMCID: PMC3579109 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (QGC) is a flavonoid glucoside extracted from Rumex Aquaticus Herba. In the present study, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of QGC were tested in vitro. Epithelial cells obtained from cat esophagus were cultured. When the cells were exposed to acid for 2 h, cell viability was decreased to 36%. Pretreatment with 50 µM QGC for 2 h prevented the reduction in cell viability. QGC also inhibited the productions of intracellular ROS by inflammatory inducers such as acid, lipopolysaccharide, indomethacin and ethanol. QGC significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, and also induced the expression of SOD2, while it restored the decrease of catalase expression in cells exposed to acid. QGC inhibited NF-κB translocation, cyclooxygenase-2 expression and PGE2 secretion in cells exposed to acid, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of esophagitis. The data suggest that QGC may well be one of the promising substances to attenuate oxidative epithelial cell injury and inflammatory signaling in esophagus inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Jae Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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26
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Babich H, Selevan AR, Ravkin ER. Glutathione as a mediator of the in vitro cytotoxicity of a green tea polyphenol extract. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012; 17:357-69. [PMID: 20020959 DOI: 10.1080/15376510601091384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The 24-hr cytotoxicities of a green tea polyphenol (GTP) extract to cell lines derived from the human oral cavity were assessed using the neutral red (NR) assay. The sequence of sensitivity was carcinoma HSC-2 cells > immortalized gingival GT1 fibroblasts > normal gingival HGF-2 fibroblasts. The GTP extract generated hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in cell culture medium and in phosphate buffer, albeit to a lesser extent. A 3-hr exposure to the GTP extract lowered the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content of the HSC-2 cells, but stimulated that of the GT1 and HGF-2 fibroblasts. The cytotoxicity of a 4-hr exposure of the GTP extract to the HSC-2 and GT1, but not to the HGF-2, cells was lessened in the presence of 2.5 mM GSH. Conversely, a 0.5 hr preexposure to the glutathione depleter, 1-chloro-2-dinotrobenzene (CDNB) at 25 muM, potentiated the 24-hr cytotoxicity of the GTP extract to the HSC-2 and GT1, but not to the HGF-2, cells. Using a cell-free system, it was shown that the GTP extract quickly depleted GSH, with depletion greatly enhanced at an alkaline pH, thus, correlating with the enhanced generation of H(2)O(2) by the GTP extract observed at alkaline pH. Apparently, a mode of cytotoxicity of the GTP extract, in particular to the carcinoma HSC-2 cells, was to induce oxidative stress, as noted by the generation of H(2)O(2), the depletion of intracellular GSH, the protection afforded by extracellular GSH, and cell hypersensitivity after pretreatment with CDNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Babich
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, 245 Lexington Avenue, NYUSA
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27
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Pal D, Sur S, Mandal S, Das S, Panda CK. Regular black tea habit could reduce tobacco associated ROS generation and DNA damage in oral mucosa of normal population. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:2996-3003. [PMID: 22705326 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco and tea habit are very common in world wide. In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of regular drinking of black tea on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and DNA damage in buccal cells of normal subjects with or without tobacco habit. Expression of ROS associated proteins IκB, NF-κB as well as DNA repair associated proteins p53, MLH1 were also analyzed. Exfoliated buccal cells were collected from 308 healthy individuals and classified according to age, tobacco and tea habits. In all age groups, comparatively high ROS level and significantly high DNA damage frequency were seen in individuals with tobacco habit than the subjects without tea and tobacco habits. Tea habit effectively lowered ROS level and restrict DNA damage in tobacco users irrespective of ages. The DNA damage seen in the subjects was not associated with apoptosis. Moreover, tea habit effectively lowered the expression of IκB, NF-κB, p53 and MLH1 in tobacco users in all age groups. It seems that regular black tea habit could have anti-genotoxic effect as revealed by reduced tobacco associated ROS generation and DNA damage in buccal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debolina Pal
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S.P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata 700 026, India
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28
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Tamura M, Ochiai K. Exploring the possible applications of catechin (gel) for oral care of the elderly and disabled individuals. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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29
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Richi B, Kale RK, Tiku AB. Radio-modulatory effects of Green Tea Catechin EGCG on pBR322 plasmid DNA and murine splenocytes against gamma-radiation induced damage. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2012; 747:62-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Benes P, Alexova P, Knopfova L, Spanova A, Smarda J. Redox state alters anti-cancer effects of wedelolactone. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2012; 53:515-524. [PMID: 22733624 DOI: 10.1002/em.21712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Wedelolactone is one of the active plant polyphenolic compounds. Anti-tumor effects of this drug have been demonstrated recently. We have described that wedelolactone acts as catalytic inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase IIα. The aim of this study was to further characterize the mechanism of its anti-tumor effects. We showed that wedelolactone inhibits binding of DNA topoisomerase IIα to plasmid DNA and antagonizes formation of etoposide-induced DNA cleavage complex. The inhibition of topoisomerase IIα by wedelolactone is reversible by excess of the enzyme but not DNA. The in vitro inhibitory effect of wedelolactone on the topoisomerase IIα activity is redox-dependent as it diminished in the presence of reducing agents. Cytotoxicity of wedelolactone was partially inhibited by N-acetylcysteine and glutathione ethyl ester in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells while the inhibitory effect of catalase was observed only in the former cell line. Finally, we found that wedelolactone can be oxidized in the presence of copper ions resulting in DNA strand break and abasic site formation in vitro. However, wedelolactone induced neither DNA damage in MDA-MB-231 cells nor mutations in bacterial cells detectable by Ames test suggesting that wedelolactone may not be an effective inducer of DNA damage. We conclude that the topoisomerase IIα inhibitory- and DNA damaging activities of wedelolactone in vitro depend on its redox state. Pro-oxidant activity could, however, explain only part of wedelolactone-induced cytotoxicity. Therefore, the major cellular target(s) of wedelolactone and the exact mechanism of wedelolactone-induced cytotoxicity still remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Benes
- Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.
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31
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Lombardo F, Fiducia M, Lunghi R, Marchetti L, Palumbo A, Rizzo F, Koverech A, Lenzi A, Gandini L. Effects of a dietary supplement on chronic pelvic pain syndrome (Category IIIA), leucocytospermia and semen parameters. Andrologia 2011; 44 Suppl 1:672-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01248.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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32
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Research strategies in the study of the pro-oxidant nature of polyphenol nutraceuticals. J Toxicol 2011; 2011:467305. [PMID: 21776260 PMCID: PMC3135211 DOI: 10.1155/2011/467305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols of phytochemicals are thought to exhibit chemopreventive effects against cancer. These plant-derived antioxidant polyphenols have a dual nature, also acting as pro-oxidants, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and causing oxidative stress. When studying the overall cytotoxicity of polyphenols, research strategies need to distinguish the cytotoxic component derived from the polyphenol per se from that derived from the generated ROS. Such strategies include (a) identifying hallmarks of oxidative damage, such as depletion of intracellular glutathione and lipid peroxidation, (b) classical manipulations, such as polyphenol exposures in the absence and presence of antioxidant enzymes (i.e., catalase and superoxide dismutase) and of antioxidants (e.g., glutathione and N-acetylcysteine) and cotreatments with glutathione depleters, and (c) more recent manipulations, such as divalent cobalt and pyruvate to scavenge ROS. Attention also must be directed to the influence of iron and copper ions and to the level of polyphenols, which mediate oxidative stress.
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Zhao H, Zhang M, Zhao L, Ge YK, Sheng J, Shi W. Changes of constituents and activity to apoptosis and cell cycle during fermentation of tea. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:1862-75. [PMID: 21673927 PMCID: PMC3111638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12031862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea is believed to be beneficial for health, and the effects of the fermentation process on its contributions to apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of gastric cancer cells have not been completely investigated. In this study, the chemical components in green tea, black tea and pu-erh tea aqueous extracts were analyzed and compared. The polysaccharide and caffeine levels were substantially higher in the fermented black tea and pu-erh tea, while the polyphenol level was higher in the unfermented green tea. Hence, a treatment of tea aqueous extract and the components, which are emerging as promising anticancer agents, were pursued to determine whether this treatment could lead to enhance apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In the human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901, the cell viability and flow cytometry analysis for apoptotic cells indicated effects in a dose-dependent inhibition manner for the three tea treatment groups. The apoptosis rates were found to be elevated after 48 h of treatment with 31.2, 125, and 500 μg/mL of green tea extract, the higher catechins content may be involved in the mechanism. Cell cycle was arrested in S phase in the fermented black tea and pu-erh tea, and the populations were significantly decreased in G2/M phases, possibly due to the oxidation of tea polyphenols, which causes an increase of theabrownins. CCC-HEL-1 normal cells were not sensitive to tea extract. These findings suggest that the fermentation process causes changes of the compounds which might be involved in the changes of cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.-K.G.)
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.-K.G.)
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.-K.G.)
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ya-kun Ge
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.-K.G.)
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jun Sheng
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Yunnan Research Centre for Advance Tea Processing, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.S.); (W.S.); Tel.: +86-431-85155216; Fax: +86-431-85155200
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology & Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; E-Mails: (H.Z.); (M.Z.); (L.Z.); (Y.-K.G.)
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.S.); (W.S.); Tel.: +86-431-85155216; Fax: +86-431-85155200
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Zhang H, Cao D, Cui W, Ji M, Qian X, Zhong L. Molecular bases of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase-mediated prooxidant actions of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:2010-8. [PMID: 20951799 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Thioredoxin (Trx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) function as antioxidant and anti-apoptotic proteins, which are often up-regulated in drug-resistant cancer cells. (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a naturally occurring antioxidant in green tea, but also exhibits prooxidant and apoptosis-inducing properties. We have previously showed a linkage between EGCG-induced inactivation of TrxR and decreased cell survival, revealing TrxR as a new target of EGCG. However, the molecular events underlying the importance of Trx/TrxR in EGCG-induced cytotoxicity remain unclear. Here, we show that the crosstalk between EGCG and Trx/TrxR occurred in a redox-dependent manner, and EGCG induced inactivation of Trx/TrxR in parallel with increased ROS levels in HeLa cells. Moreover, EGCG displayed great reactivity with Cys/Sec residues that have low pK(a) values. The structure of EGCG suggests that its quinone form would readily react with thiolate and selenolate nucleophiles. Using mass spectrometry, we have demonstrated the formation of EGCG-Trx1 (Cys(32)) and EGCG-TrxR (Cys/Sec) conjugates, confirming that EGCG quinone specifically conjugates with active-site Cys(32) in Trx or C-terminal Cys/Selenocysteine (Sec) couple in TrxR under conditions where Trx/TrxR are reduced. Non-reduced form of Trx/TrxR could escape from EGCG inhibition. These data reveal a potential mechanism for enhancing EGCG-induced cancer cell death by the NADPH-dependent reduction of Trx/TrxR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Dai J, Mumper RJ. Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules 2010; 15:7313-52. [PMID: 20966876 PMCID: PMC6259146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15107313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1745] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolics are broadly distributed in the plant kingdom and are the most abundant secondary metabolites of plants. Plant polyphenols have drawn increasing attention due to their potent antioxidant properties and their marked effects in the prevention of various oxidative stress associated diseases such as cancer. In the last few years, the identification and development of phenolic compounds or extracts from different plants has become a major area of health- and medical-related research. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview on phenolic extraction, purification, analysis and quantification as well as their antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the anticancer effects of phenolics in-vitro and in-vivo animal models are viewed, including recent human intervention studies. Finally, possible mechanisms of action involving antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity as well as interference with cellular functions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Dai
- Four Tigers LLC, 1501 Bull Lea Road, Suite 105, Lexington, Kentucky 40511 USA; (J.D.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Russell J. Mumper
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-919-966-1271; Fax: +1-919-966-6919
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Feugang JM, Ye F, Zhang DY, Yu Y, Zhong M, Zhang S, Zou C. Cactus pear extracts induce reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:692-9. [PMID: 20574930 DOI: 10.1080/01635581003605508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of natural products such as fruits and vegetables against cancer has attracted great attention because of their fewer side effects and therefore, potentially greater safety. We have previously reported that cactus pear mixture aqueous extract (CME) reduces gynecologic cancer cells growth by inducting apoptosis. This study aimed to elucidate the cellular pathway(s) triggered by CME in cancer cells. Normal, immortalized ovarian and ovarian cancer cells (OVCA420, SKOV3) were treated with 5 and 10% CME. After 2 days of treatment, immortalized cells treated with 10% CME accumulated more ROS than untreated cells, whereas cancer cells cultured with 5% and 10% CME exhibited a dramatic increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Greater levels of DNA fragmentation, together with a perturbed expression of apoptotic-related (Bax, Bad, caspase 3, Bcl2, p53, and p21) and ROS-sensitive (NF-kappaB, c-jun/c-fos) genes were observed in the treated cancer cells. After three days of treatment, the NF-kappaB and p-/SAPK/JNK expressions were decreased, whereas p-AKT was upregulated. The CME significantly induced apoptosis in cancer cells. The results suggest an inhibitory effect of Arizona CME on cancer cell growth through the accumulation of intracellular ROS, which may activate a cascade of reactions leading to the apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Feugang
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Abib RT, Quincozes-Santos A, Zanotto C, Zeidán-Chuliá F, Lunardi PS, Gonçalves CA, Gottfried C. Genoprotective Effects of the Green Tea-Derived Polyphenol/Epicatechin Gallate in C6 Astroglial Cells. J Med Food 2010; 13:1111-5. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renata T. Abib
- Neuroglial Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Neuroglial Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Zanotto
- Neuroglial Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fares Zeidán-Chuliá
- Medical Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula S. Lunardi
- Neuroglial Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Neuroglial Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carmem Gottfried
- Neuroglial Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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38
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Hop proanthocyanidins induce apoptosis, protein carbonylation, and cytoskeleton disorganization in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells via reactive oxygen species. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:827-36. [PMID: 19271284 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PCs) have been shown to suppress the growth of diverse human cancer cells and are considered as promising additions to the arsenal of chemopreventive phytochemicals. An oligomeric mixture of PCs from hops (Humulus lupulus) significantly decreased cell viability of human colon cancer HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Hop PCs, at 50 or 100 microg/ml, exhibited apoptosis-inducing properties as shown by the increase in caspase-3 activity. Increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was accompanied by an augmented accumulation of protein carbonyls. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis in combination with 2-alkenal-specific immunochemical detection identified beta-actin and protein disulfide isomerase as major putative targets of acrolein adduction. Incubation of HT-29 cells with hop PCs resulted in morphological changes that indicated disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. PC-mediated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation in the cell culture media was also quantified; but, the measured H2O2 levels would not explain the observed changes in the oxidative modifications of actin. These findings suggest new modes of action for proanthocyandins as anticarcinogenic agents in human colon cancer cells, namely, promotion of protein oxidative modifications and cytoskeleton derangement.
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Bae JY, Kanamune J, Han DW, Matsumura K, Hyon SH. Reversible Regulation of Cell Cycle-Related Genes by Epigallocatechin Gallate for Hibernation of Neonatal Human Tarsal Fibroblasts. Cell Transplant 2009; 18:459-69. [DOI: 10.3727/096368909788809776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the hibernation effect of epigallocatechin-3- O-gallate (EGCG) on neonatal human tarsal fibroblasts (nHTFs) by analyzing the expression of cell cycle-related genes. EGCG application to culture media moderately inhibited the growth of nHTFs, and the removal of EGCG from culture media led to complete recovery of cell growth. EGCG resulted in a slight decrease in the cell population of the S and G2/M phases of cell cycle with concomitant increase in that of the G0/G1 phase, but this cell cycle profile was restored to the initial level after EGCG removal. The expression of cyclin D1 (CCND1), CCNE2, CCN-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6), and CDK2 was restored, whereas that of CCNA, CCNB1, and CDK1 was irreversibly attenuated. The expression of a substantial number of genes analyzed by cDNA microarray was affected by EGCG application, and these affected expression levels were restored to the normal levels after EGCG removal. We also found the incorporation of FITC-EGCG into the cytosol of nHTFs and its further nuclear translocation, which might lead to the regulation of the exogenous signals directed to genes for cellular responses including proliferation and cell cycle progression. These results suggest that EGCG temporarily affects not only genes related to the cell cycle but also various other cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Yoon Bae
- Department of Medical Simulation Engineering, Research Center for Nano Medical Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Jun Kanamune
- Department of Medical Simulation Engineering, Research Center for Nano Medical Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Dong-Wook Han
- Department of Medical Simulation Engineering, Research Center for Nano Medical Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
- Department of Nanomedical Engineering, College of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
| | - Kazuaki Matsumura
- Department of Medical Simulation Engineering, Research Center for Nano Medical Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Suong-Hyu Hyon
- Department of Medical Simulation Engineering, Research Center for Nano Medical Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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40
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Babich H, Liebling EJ, Burger RF, Zuckerbraun HL, Schuck AG. Choice of DMEM, formulated with or without pyruvate, plays an important role in assessing the in vitro cytotoxicity of oxidants and prooxidant nutraceuticals. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2009; 45:226-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-008-9168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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41
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Hail N, Lotan R. Cancer chemoprevention and mitochondria: Targeting apoptosis in transformed cellsviathe disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics/redox state. Mol Nutr Food Res 2009; 53:49-67. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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42
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Xu J, Tan T, Kenne L, Sandström C. The use of diffusion-ordered spectroscopy and complexation agents to analyze mixtures of catechins. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b900164f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Matsumura K, Kaihatsu K, Mori S, Cho HH, Kato N, Hyon SH. Enhanced antitumor activities of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate fatty acid monoester derivatives in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 377:1118-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Halliwell B. Are polyphenols antioxidants or pro-oxidants? What do we learn from cell culture and in vivo studies? Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 476:107-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2007] [Revised: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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45
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Hail N, Cortes M, Drake EN, Spallholz JE. Cancer chemoprevention: a radical perspective. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:97-110. [PMID: 18454943 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer chemopreventive agents block the transformation of normal cells and/or suppress the promotion of premalignant cells to malignant cells. Certain agents may achieve these objectives by modulating xenobiotic biotransformation, protecting cellular elements from oxidative damage, or promoting a more differentiated phenotype in target cells. Conversely, various cancer chemopreventive agents can encourage apoptosis in premalignant and malignant cells in vivo and/or in vitro, which is conceivably another anticancer mechanism. Furthermore, it is evident that many of these apoptogenic agents function as prooxidants in vitro. The constitutive intracellular redox environment dictates a cell's response to an agent that alters this environment. Thus, it is highly probable that normal cells, through adaption, could acquire resistance to transformation via exposure to a chemopreventive agent that promotes oxidative stress or disrupts the normal redox tone of these cells. In contrast, transformed cells, which typically endure an oxidizing intracellular environment, would ultimately succumb to apoptosis due to an uncontrollable production of reactive oxygen species caused by the same agent. Here, we provide evidence to support the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species and cellular redox tone are exploitable targets in cancer chemoprevention via the stimulation of cytoprotection in normal cells and/or the induction of apoptosis in transformed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numsen Hail
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Denver School of Pharmacy, Denver, CO 80220, USA.
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46
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Babich H, Gottesman RT, Liebling EJ, Schuck AG. Theaflavin-3-Gallate and Theaflavin-3'-Gallate, Polyphenols in Black Tea with Prooxidant Properties. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 103:66-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00232.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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47
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Tea flavanols inhibit cell growth and DNA topoisomerase II activity and induce endoreduplication in cultured Chinese hamster cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2008; 654:8-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/28/2008] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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48
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Liu H, Guo Z, Xu L, Hsu S. Protective effect of green tea polyphenols on tributyltin-induced oxidative damage detected by in vivo and in vitro models. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2008; 23:77-83. [PMID: 18214927 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigated the protective effects of green tea polyphenols (GTPP) on TBT-induced oxidative damage. The results showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and malondialdehyde content of the liver in mice exposed to TBT were reduced in the GTPP-treated group compared to the untreated group. The intracellular ROS level was elevated in TBT-treated human FL cells in a time-dependent manner. Comet assay data demonstrated that the number of cells with damaged DNA in untreated mice was found to be significantly higher compared to GTPP-treated mice. Damage to the nuclei and mitochondria observed in TBT-treated mice were alleviated in mice treated with both TBT and GTPP. The results represent the first observation that GTPP were effective in reducing TBT-induced oxidative damage both in vivo and in vitro. The possible protective mechanism may be due to the powerful ability of GTPP to scavenge ROS and prevent DNA breaks. We conclude that GTPP could be an effective agent or food supplement to reduce the cytotoxicity of TBT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huigang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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49
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Schuck AG, Ausubel MB, Zuckerbraun HL, Babich H. Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, a component of black tea: an inducer of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 22:598-609. [PMID: 18248951 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2007.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of human oral squamous carcinoma HSC-2 cells and normal GN46 fibroblasts with theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF-3), a polyphenol in black tea, showed a concentration and time dependent inhibition of growth, with the tumor cells more sensitive than the fibroblasts. In buffer and in cell culture medium, TF-3 generated reactive oxygen species, with lower levels detected in buffer amended with catalase and superoxide dismutase, indicating the generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, respectively, and suggesting that TF-3 may be an inducer of oxidative stress. The toxicity of TF-3 was decreased in the presence of catalase, pyruvate, and divalent cobalt, all scavengers of reactive oxygen species, but was potentiated in the presence of diethyldithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase. The intracellular level of glutathione in HSC-2 cells was lessened after a 4-h exposure to 250 and 500 microM TF-3. However, for GN46 fibroblasts, a 4-h exposure to 250 microM TF-3 stimulated, but to 500 microM TF-3 lessened, intracellular glutathione. Treatment of the cells with the glutathione depleters, 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, and d,l-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine potentiated the toxicity of TF-3. Induction of apoptotic cell death in HSC-2 cells treated with TF-3 was noted by apoptotic cell morphologies, by TUNEL staining, by PARP cleavage, and by elevated activity of caspase-3. Apoptosis was not noted in GN46 fibroblasts treated with TF-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa G Schuck
- Department of Biology, Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, 245 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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50
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Jacob J, Cabarcas S, Veras I, Zaveri N, Schramm L. The green tea component EGCG inhibits RNA polymerase III transcription. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007; 360:778-83. [PMID: 17624304 PMCID: PMC3010276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.06.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
RNA polymerase III (RNA pol III) transcribes many small structural RNA molecules involved in RNA processing and translation, and thus regulates the growth rate of a cell. Accurate initiation by RNA pol III requires the initiation factor TFIIIB. TFIIIB has been demonstrated to be regulated by tumor suppressors, including ARF, p53, RB, and the RB-related pocket proteins, and is a target of the oncogene c-myc and the mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK. EGCG has been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of a variety of cancer cells, induce apoptosis and regulate the expression of p53, myc, and ERK. Thus, we hypothesized that EGCG may regulate RNA pol III transcription in cells. Here, we report that EGCG (1) inhibits RNA pol III transcription from gene internal and gene external promoters (2) EGCG inhibits protein expression of the TFIIIB subunits Brf1 and Brf2, and (3) EGCG inhibits Brf2 promoter activity in cervical carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joby Jacob
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439
| | - Stephanie Cabarcas
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439
| | - Ingrid Veras
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439
| | - Nurulain Zaveri
- Drug Discovery Program, Biosciences Division, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA
| | - Laura Schramm
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439
- Corresponding author: Laura Schramm, Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439; ; Fax: 718-990-5958
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