1
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Awasthi BP, Chaudhary P, Lim D, Yadav K, Lee IH, Banskota S, Chaudhary CL, Karmacharya U, Lee J, Im SM, Nam Y, Eun JW, Lee S, Lee JM, Kim ES, Ryou C, Kim TH, Park HD, Kim JA, Nam TG, Jeong BS. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory and Mucosal Healing Activity of a Trimethylpyridinol Analogue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10601-10621. [PMID: 38896548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by abnormal immune responses, including elevated proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This study presents the synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of 2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol analogues, which exhibit dual inhibition of TNFα- and IL-6-induced inflammation. Analysis using in silico methods, including 3D shape-based target identification, modeling, and docking, identified G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) as the molecular target for the most effective analogue, 6-26, which exhibits remarkable efficacy in ameliorating inflammation and restoring colonic mucosal integrity. This was further validated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay results, which showed direct binding to GPER, and by the results showing that GPER knockdown abolished the inhibitory effects of 6-26 on TNFα and IL-6 actions. Notably, 6-26 displayed no cytotoxicity, unlike G1 and G15, a well-known GPER agonist and an antagonist, respectively, which induced necroptosis independently of GPER. These findings suggest that the GPER-selective compound 6-26 holds promise as a therapeutic candidate for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwan Prasad Awasthi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchul Lim
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc., Daeduck Biz Center C-313, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiran Yadav
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Iyn-Hyang Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Chhabi Lal Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ujjwala Karmacharya
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - So Myoung Im
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - YeonJu Nam
- Bio Industry Department, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Eun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Chongsuk Ryou
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc., Daeduck Biz Center C-313, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Dong Park
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc., Daeduck Biz Center C-313, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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2
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Solo P, Arockia doss M, Prasanna D. Designing and docking studies of imidazole-based drugs as potential inhibitors of myeloperoxidase (MPO) mediated inflammation and oxidative stress. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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3
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Chaudhary CL, Chaudhary P, Dahal S, Bae D, Nam TG, Kim JA, Jeong BS. Inhibition of colitis by ring-modified analogues of 6-acetamido-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104130. [PMID: 32745758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
6-Aminopyridin-3-ol scaffold has shown an excellent anti-inflammatory bowel disease activity. Various analogues with the scaffold were synthesized in pursuit of the diversity of side chains tethering on the C(6)-position. Structure-activity relationship among the analogues was investigated to understand the effects of the side chains and their linkers on their anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, structural modification moved beyond side chains on the C(6)-position and reached to pyridine ring itself. It expedited us to synthesize diverse ring-modified analogues of a representative pyridine-3-ol, 6-acetamido-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol (9). In the evaluation of compounds on their inhibitory actions against TNF-α-induced adhesion of monocytic cells to colonic epithelial cells, an in vitro model mimicking colon inflammation, the effects of compounds 9, 17, and 19 were greater than tofacitinib, an orally available anti-colitis drug, and compound 17 showed the greatest activity. In addition, TNF-α-induced angiogenesis, which permits more inflammatory cell migration into inflamed tissues, was significantly blocked by compounds 17 and 19 in a concentration-dependent manner. In the comparison of in vivo therapeutic effects of compounds 9, 17, and 19 on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, compound 17 was the most potent and efficacious, and compound 19 was better than compound 9 which showed a similar degree of inhibitory effect to tofacitinib. Taken together, it seems that either the trimethyl system or the hydroxyl group on the pyridinol ring is essential to the activity. This finding might become a new milestone in the development of pyridinol-based anti-inflammatory bowel disease agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhabi Lal Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sadan Dahal
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dawon Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Gurung P, Dahal S, Chaudhary P, Guragain D, Karmacharya U, Kim JA, Jeong BS. Potent Inhibitory Effect of BJ-3105, a 6-Alkoxypyridin-3-ol Derivative, on Murine Colitis Is Mediated by Activating AMPK and Inhibiting NOX. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093145. [PMID: 32365634 PMCID: PMC7247564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Biological therapeutics and orally available small molecules like tofacitinib (a JAK inhibitor) have been developed to treat IBD, but half of the patients treated with these drugs fail to achieve sustained remission. In the present study, we compared the therapeutic effects of BJ-3105 (a 6-alkoxypyridin-3-ol derivative) and tofacitinib in IBD. BJ-3105 induced activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the kinase activity measurement and recovery from cytokine-induced AMPK deactivation in HT-29 human colonic epithelial cells. Similar to tofacitinib and D942 (an AMPK activator), BJ-3105 inhibited IL-6-induced JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation and TNF-α-stimulated activation of IKK/NF-κB, and consequently, stimulus-induced upregulations of inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome components. In addition, unlike tofacitinib or D942, BJ-3105 inhibited NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation and consequent superoxide production induced by activators (mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate) of the NOX cytosolic component Rac. In mice, oral administration with BJ-3105 ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and azoxymethane/DSS-induced colitis-associated tumor formation (CAT) much more potently than that with tofacitinib. Moreover, BJ-3105 suppressed the more severe form of colitis and CAT formation in mice with AMPK knocked-out in macrophages (AMPKαfl/fl-Lyz2-Cre mice) with much greater efficacy than tofacitinib. Taken together, our findings suggest BJ-3105, which exerted a much better anti-colitis effect than tofacitinib through AMPK activation and NOX inhibition, is a promising candidate for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jung-Ae Kim
- Correspondence: (J.-A.K.); (B.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-53-810-2816 (J.-A.K.); +82-53-810-2814 (B.-S.J.)
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- Correspondence: (J.-A.K.); (B.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-53-810-2816 (J.-A.K.); +82-53-810-2814 (B.-S.J.)
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5
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Chaudhary CL, Gurung P, Jang S, Banskota S, Nam TG, Kim JA, Jeong BS. Synthesis, activity and mechanism of alkoxy-, carbamato-, sulfonamido-, thioureido-, and ureido-derivatives of 2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol against inflammatory bowel disease. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1-20. [PMID: 31619080 PMCID: PMC6807866 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1677637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immuno-inflammation in gastrointestinal tract. We have evaluated the activity of the compounds to inhibit the adhesion of monocytes to colon epithelial cells is triggered by a pro-inflammatory cytokine, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The in vitro activity of the compounds, 13b (an ureido-derivative), 14c, 14j, 14k, 14n (thioureido-), 18c and 18d (sulfonamido-), was in correlation with in vivo anti-colitis activity revealed as significant recovery in body- and colon-weights and colon myeloperoxidase level, a biochemical marker of inflammation reflecting neutrophil infiltration. In vivo, TNBS-induced changes in the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, and TGF-β), NLRP3 inflammasome components (NLRP-3, Caspase-1, and IL-18), and epithelial junction molecules (E-cadherin, claudin2/3, and ZO-1) were blocked and recovered by oral administration of the compounds (1 mg/kg). Compound 14n which showed the best efficacy can be a promising lead for orally available therapeutics for pathology of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhabi Lal Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
| | - Pallavi Gurung
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
| | - Seoul Jang
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University , Ansan , Republic of Korea
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University , Ansan , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , Republic of Korea
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6
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Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential molecule for life. It is a component of the cell membrane, and it is a precursor molecule for bile acids, vitamin D and steroid hormones. Cholesterol is actively metabolized, but the impact of endogenous cholesterol metabolites on immune function, especially in the intestine, is poorly understood. In this review, I focus on oxysterols, hydroxylated forms of cholesterol, and their specialized functions in intestinal immunity. Oxysterols act through various intracellular and extracellular receptors and serve as key metabolic signals, coordinating immune activity and inflammation. Our recent work has identified an unexpected link between cholesterol metabolism, innate lymphoid cell function and intestinal homeostasis. We discovered that oxysterol sensing through the G protein-coupled receptor 183 (GPR183) directs the migration of innate lymphoid cells, which is essential for the formation of lymphoid tissue in the colon. Moreover, we found that the interaction of GPR183 with oxysterols regulates intestinal inflammation. I will discuss the therapeutic potential of oxysterols and future possibilities of treating inflammatory bowel disease through the modulation of cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Willinger
- Department of Medicine HuddingeCenter for Infectious MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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Park SW, Banskota S, Gurung P, Jin YJ, Kang HE, Chaudhary CL, Lee SY, Jeong BS, Kim JA, Nam TG. Synthesis and evaluation of 6-heteroarylamino-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ols as inhibitors of TNF-α-induced cell adhesion and inflammatory bowel disease. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1305-1310. [PMID: 30151084 PMCID: PMC6096353 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with complex pathogenesis. Here, we synthesized 6-heteroarylamino analogues to inhibit TNF-α-induced adhesion of monocytes to colon epithelial cells which are implicated in the initial inflammation process of IBD. The best analogue, 16a, showed IC50 = 0.29 μM, which is about five orders of magnitude better than that of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), a positive control. Oral administration of 6f and 16a dramatically ameliorated 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colon inflammation in rat. The ameliorating effects were accompanied by a high level of recovery in colon and body weights and in the myeloperoxidase (MPO) level. Consistently, the compounds suppressed the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). Moreover, they significantly suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 while increasing the level of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Gyeonggi-do 15588 , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82 31 400 5807
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82 53 810 2814 ; Tel: +82 53 810 2816
| | - Pallavi Gurung
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82 53 810 2814 ; Tel: +82 53 810 2816
| | - You Jin Jin
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Gyeonggi-do 15588 , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82 31 400 5807
| | - Han-Eol Kang
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Gyeonggi-do 15588 , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82 31 400 5807
| | - Chhabi Lal Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82 53 810 2814 ; Tel: +82 53 810 2816
| | - Sang Yeul Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Gyeonggi-do 15588 , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82 31 400 5807
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82 53 810 2814 ; Tel: +82 53 810 2816
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82 53 810 2814 ; Tel: +82 53 810 2816
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Gyeonggi-do 15588 , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82 31 400 5807
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Gurung P, Banskota S, Katila N, Gautam J, Kadayat TM, Choi DY, Lee ES, Jeong TC, Kim JA. Ameliorating effect of TI-1-162, a hydroxyindenone derivative, against TNBS-induced rat colitis is mediated through suppression of RIP/ASK-1/MAPK signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 827:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Discovery and structure-activity relationship studies of 2-benzylidene-2,3-dihydro-1 H -inden-1-one and benzofuran-3(2 H )-one derivatives as a novel class of potential therapeutics for inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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In vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity of 6-amino-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ols against inflammatory bowel disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4587-4591. [PMID: 27597248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex, attachment and infiltration of leukocytes to gut epithelium induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) represents the initial step of inflammation in IBD. Previously, we have reported that some 6-amino-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ols have significant levels of antiangiogenic activity via PI3K inhibition. Based on the reports that angiogenesis is involved in the aggravation of IBD and that PI3K is a potential target for IBD therapy, we investigated whether the scaffold has inhibitory activity against in vitro and in vivo models of colitis. Many analogues showed >80% inhibition against TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to colon epithelial cells at 1μM. Compound 8m showed IC50=0.19μM, which is about five orders of magnitude better than that of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA, IC50=18.1mM), a positive control. In a rat model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, orally administered 8m dramatically ameliorated TNBS-induced colon inflammation. It was demonstrated by a high level of suppression in myeloperoxidase (MPO), a surrogate marker of colitis, as well as almost perfect recovery of colon and body weights in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to sulfasalazine, a prodrug of 5-ASA, compound 8m showed >300-fold better efficacy in those parameters. Taken together, 6-amino-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ols can provide a novel platform for anti-IBD drug discovery.
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Banskota S, Gautam J, Regmi SC, Gurung P, Park MH, Kim SJ, Nam TG, Jeong BS, Kim JA. BJ-1108, a 6-Amino-2,4,5-Trimethylpyridin-3-ol Analog, Inhibits Serotonin-Induced Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth through PI3K/NOX Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148133. [PMID: 26824764 PMCID: PMC4732985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induces proliferation of cancer cells and vascular cells. In addition to 5-HT production by several cancer cells including gastrointestinal and breast cancer, a significant level of 5-HT is released from activated platelets in the thrombotic environment of tumors, suggesting that inhibition of 5-HT signaling may constitute a new target for antiangiogenic anticancer drug discovery. In the current study we clearly demonstrate that 5-HT-induced angiogenesis was mediated through the 5-HT1 receptor-linked Gβγ/Src/PI3K pathway, but not through the MAPK/ERK/p38 pathway. In addition, 5-HT induced production of NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). In an effort to develop new molecularly targeted anticancer agents against 5-HT action in tumor growth, we demonstrate that BJ-1108, a derivative of 6-amino-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol, significantly inhibited 5-HT-induced angiogenesis. In addition, BJ-1108 induced a significant reduction in the size and weight of excised tumors in breast cancer cell-inoculated CAM assay, showing proportionate suppression of tumor growth along with inhibition of angiogenesis. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), BJ-1108 significantly suppressed 5-HT-induced ROS generation and phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt but not of Src. Unlike NOX inhibitors, BJ-1108, which showed better antioxidant activity than vitamin C, barely suppressed superoxide anion induced by mevalonate or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate which directly activates NOX without help from other signaling molecules in HUVECs, implying that the anti-angiogenic action of BJ-1108 was not mediated through direct action on NOX activation, or free radical scavenging activity. In conclusion, BJ-1108 inhibited 5-HT-induced angiogenesis through PI3K/NOX signaling but not through Src, ERK, or p38.
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MESH Headings
- Aminopyridines/chemical synthesis
- Aminopyridines/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/chemical synthesis
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Aniline Compounds/chemical synthesis
- Aniline Compounds/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Chick Embryo
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/blood supply
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/drug effects
- Chorioallantoic Membrane/pathology
- GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits/genetics
- GTP-Binding Protein beta Subunits/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- MCF-7 Cells
- NADPH Oxidases/antagonists & inhibitors
- NADPH Oxidases/genetics
- NADPH Oxidases/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/chemically induced
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Oxidation-Reduction
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/antagonists & inhibitors
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1/genetics
- Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1/metabolism
- Serotonin/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- src-Family Kinases/genetics
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhrid Banskota
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaya Gautam
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushil C. Regmi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Pallavi Gurung
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Myo-Hyeon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JK); (BJ)
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JK); (BJ)
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12
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Thapa D, Ghosh R. Chronic inflammatory mediators enhance prostate cancer development and progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 94:53-62. [PMID: 25593038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is postulated to influence prostate cancer progression. Preclinical studies have claimed that inflammatory mediators are involved in prostate cancer development and therefore suggested these as attractive targets for intervention. However, among the many pro-inflammatory mediators, there is no consensus regarding the identity of the primary one(s). In clinical studies, chronic inflammation has been found in prostate tumor specimens, and tissues resected for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Although collective evidence from molecular, experimental and clinical data suggests that inflammation can contribute or promote prostate carcinogenesis, an etiologic link has not yet been established. Moreover, the role of chronic inflammation in the onset of castration resistant and metastatic disease is unclear. Therefore it is important to open a dialog regarding recent findings on how chronic inflammatory mediators contribute to prostate cancer progression, and their usefulness to prevent disease progression. In this commentary, we assess the current literature with respect to chronic inflammation as a potential initiator and promoter of prostate carcinogenesis and discuss the prospects for its potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Thapa
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Cancer Therapy and Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Dou W, Zhang J, Ren G, Ding L, Sun A, Deng C, Wu X, Wei X, Mani S, Wang Z. Mangiferin attenuates the symptoms of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice via NF-κB and MAPK signaling inactivation. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:170-8. [PMID: 25194678 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, and currently no curative treatment is available. Mangiferin, a natural glucosylxanthone mainly from the fruit, leaves and stem bark of a mango tree, has a strong anti-inflammatory activity. We sought to investigate whether mangiferin attenuates inflammation in a mouse model of chemically induced IBD. Pre-administration of mangiferin significantly attenuated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced body weight loss, diarrhea, colon shortening and histological injury, which correlated with the decline in the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the colon. DSS-induced degradation of inhibitory κBα (IκBα) and the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 as well as the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (inducible NO synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6) in the colon were also downregulated by mangiferin treatment. Additionally, the phosphorylation/activation of DSS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins was also inhibited by mangiferin treatment. In accordance with the in vivo results, mangiferin exposure blocked TNF-α-stimulated nuclear translocation of NF-κB in RAW264.7 mouse macrophage cells. Transient transfection gene reporter assay performed in TNF-α-stimulated HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells indicated that mangiferin inhibits NF-κB transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. The current study clearly demonstrates a protective role for mangiferin in experimental IBD through NF-κB and MAPK signaling inhibition. Since mangiferin is a natural compound with little toxicity, the results may contribute to the effective utilization of mangiferin in the treatment of human IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gaiyan Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Aning Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY 10461, USA
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Formulated Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Park S, Regmi SC, Park SY, Lee EK, Chang JH, Ku SK, Kim DH, Kim JA. Protective effect of 7-O-succinyl macrolactin A against intestinal inflammation is mediated through PI3-kinase/Akt/mTOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 735:184-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cekic AB, Alhan E, Usta A, Türkyılmaz S, Kural BV, Erçin C. Effects of clotrimazol on the acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats. Inflammation 2013; 36:1576-83. [PMID: 23892997 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the influence of clotrimazol (CLTZ) on acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) induced by glycodeoxycholic acid in rats. Rats were divided into five groups as sham + saline, sham + CLTZ, sham + polyethylene glycol, ANP + saline, and ANP + CLTZ. ANP in rats was induced by glycodeoxycholic acid. The extent of acinar cell injury, mortality, systemic cardiorespiratory variables, functional capillary density (FCD), renal/hepatic functions, and changes in some enzyme markers for pancreatic and lung tissue were investigated during ANP in rats. The use of CLTZ after the induction of ANP resulted in a significant decrease in the mortality rate, pancreatic necrosis, and serum activity of amylase, alanine aminotransferase, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum concentration of urea, and tissue activity of myeloperoxidase, and malondialdehyde in the pancreas and lung and a significant increase in concentrations of calcium, blood pressure, urine output, pO2, and FCD. This study showed that CLTZ demonstrated beneficial effect on the course of ANP in rats. Therefore, it may be used in the treatment of acute pancreatitis.
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Clotrimazole dampens vaginal inflammation and neutrophil infiltration in response to Candida albicans infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:5178-80. [PMID: 23896471 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01244-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathology of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by Candida albicans is associated with a nonprotective inflammatory response and is frequently treated with clotrimazole. We investigated the mechanisms by which clotrimazole resolves VVC. Low levels of clotrimazole, which do not block fungal growth, inhibit expression of a "danger response" transcription factor, c-Fos, block production of proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibit neutrophil infiltration to the site of infection.
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Strøbæk D, Brown DT, Jenkins DP, Chen YJ, Coleman N, Ando Y, Chiu P, Jørgensen S, Demnitz J, Wulff H, Christophersen P. NS6180, a new K(Ca) 3.1 channel inhibitor prevents T-cell activation and inflammation in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:432-44. [PMID: 22891655 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The K(Ca) 3.1 channel is a potential target for therapy of immune disease. We identified a compound from a new chemical class of K(Ca) 3.1 inhibitors and assessed in vitro and in vivo inhibition of immune responses. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We characterized the benzothiazinone NS6180 (4-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methyl]-2H-1,4-benzothiazin-3(4H)-one) with respect to potency and molecular site of action on K(Ca) 3.1 channels, selectivity towards other targets, effects on T-cell activation as well as pharmacokinetics and inflammation control in colitis induced by 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid, a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). KEY RESULTS NS6180 inhibited cloned human K(Ca) 3.1 channels (IC(50) = 9 nM) via T250 and V275, the same amino acid residues conferring sensitivity to triarylmethanes such as like TRAM-34. NS6180 inhibited endogenously expressed K(Ca) 3.1 channels in human, mouse and rat erythrocytes, with similar potencies (15-20 nM). NS6180 suppressed rat and mouse splenocyte proliferation at submicrolar concentrations and potently inhibited IL-2 and IFN-γ production, while exerting smaller effects on IL-4 and TNF-α and no effect on IL-17 production. Antibody staining showed K(Ca) 3.1 channels in healthy colon and strong up-regulation in association with infiltrating immune cells after induction of colitis. Despite poor plasma exposure, NS6180 (3 and 10 mg·kg(-1) b.i.d.) dampened colon inflammation and improved body weight gain as effectively as the standard IBD drug sulfasalazine (300 mg·kg(-1) q.d.). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS NS6180 represents a novel class of K(Ca) 3.1 channel inhibitors which inhibited experimental colitis, suggesting K(Ca) 3.1 channels as targets for pharmacological control of intestinal inflammation.
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Zhao W, Sun C, He J, Chen L, Zhang Y, Sun W. The possible mechanisms of Picrasma quassiodes (D. Don) Benn. in the treatment of colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 145:424-430. [PMID: 23164762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Picrasma quassiodes (D. Don) Benn.(PQB) is used in folk medicines for the treatment of colds, upper respiratory infection, acute tonsillitis, acute gastroenteritis, bacillary dysentery and a variety of acute infectious diseases in Asia. Although recent reports indicate that PQB has antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects, its effects on colitis and its inhibitory mechanisms have not been previously reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the effects and the mode of action of the extract of Picrasma quassiodes (D. Don) Benn.(PQB) on a model of colitis in mice induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). MATERIALS AND METHODS We induced mice colitis using TNBS/ethanol, then different doses of Picrasma quassiodes (D. Don) Benn.(PQB) extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day) and sulfasalazine (500 mg/kg/day) were administered by gavage for 7 days after the induction of colitis. The mice body weight, colonic wet weight, colonic lengths, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, macroscopic and histological colon injury were observed. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as: tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunoassay. The protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the colons were determined by immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS PQB administration effectively prevented mice diarrhea, decreasing of the body weights, shortening of colon length and increasing of colon wet weight. Macroscopic and histological examinations also indicated that it was protected against colonic edema, ulceration and MPO activity elevation. Furthermore, PQB inhibited the abnormal secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-8. Additionally, administration of PQB effectively inhibited COX-2 and iNOS protein expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that PQB has an anti-inflammatory effect on TNBS-induced colitis due to the down-regulations of the productions and expressions of inflammatory mediators, and that it may be a potential inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Zhao
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, PR China
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The inhibitor of Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels TRAM-34 blocks growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via downregulation of estrogen receptor alpha mRNA and nuclear factor-kappaB. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:452-7. [PMID: 23054207 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9879-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver malignancy still demanding for novel therapeutic options. Since the ion channel inhibitor TRAM-34 (1-[(2-chlorophenyl) diphenylmethyl]-1H-pyrazole) was shown to block growth in various cancer cells, we investigated anti-tumor effects of TRAM-34 in human HCC cell lines. We found that TRAM-34 reduced HCC cell proliferation without induction of apoptosis. This was due to a decreased mRNA expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) and a reduced activation of NF-kappaB, which both are implicated in the development of HCC. Therefore, TRAM-34 might represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
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Balakrishnan P, Song CK, Cho HJ, Yang SG, Kim DD, Yong CS, Choi HG. Inclusion complex effect on the bioavailability of clotrimazole from poloxamer-based solid suppository. Arch Pharm Res 2012; 35:1169-75. [PMID: 22864739 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0707-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To study the effect of β-cyclodextrin (βCD) inclusion complex on the bioavailability of clotrimazole from poloxamer-based suppository, formulations composed of P 188, propylene glycol and different molar ratio of clotrimazole-βCD inclusion complex were prepared. Clotrimazole (1%) has been formulated in a suppository using the thermo sensitive polymer P188 (70%) together with propylene glycol (30%). To increase its aqueous solubility, clotrimazole was incorporated as its inclusion complex at various molar ratios with βCD (1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2). The inclusion complex was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), XRD and phase solubility studies. It was observed that the complexation with βCD, particularly at high molar ratio (F3 (1:1) and F4 (1:2)) decreased the release profile of clotrimazole considerably. However, suppositories containing inclusion complex at low molar ratio (F1 (1:0.25) and F2 (1:0.5)) showed excellent release profile compared to control formulation. In vivo study in rats at 15 mg/Kg dose showed that the F1 and F2 (82.39 ± 15.40 and 67.05 ± 8.79, respectively) significantly increased the AUC compared to that of F3 (41.48 ± 11.51), F4 (23.34 ± 8.37) and control (46.7 ± 7.87) suppositories. Thus, the suppositories containing inclusion complexes prepared at low drug to βCD molar ratio (F1) could be a potential suppository formulation to increase the bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs such as clotrimazole.
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Park SY, Ku SK, Lee ES, Kim JA. 1,3-Diphenylpropenone ameliorates TNBS-induced rat colitis through suppression of NF-κB activation and IL-8 induction. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 196:39-49. [PMID: 22410118 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined whether newly synthesized phenylpropenone derivatives, by inhibiting NF-κB activity, would inhibit IL-8 expression, inflammation and abnormal angiogenesis, resulting in amelioration of disease conditions. The phenylpropenone derivatives inhibited NF-κB transcriptional activity, which correlated with their suppressive activity against TNF-α-induced adhesion of U937 human monocytic cells to HT-29 human colonic epithelial cells, an in vitro model of IBD. Among the derivatives, 1,3-diphenylpropenone (DPhP) was most efficacious, and it significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced production of IL-8 which is a proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokine. The anti-inflammatory activity of DPhP was also confirmed in the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis model. DPhP was protective against the TNBS-induced inflammatory responses, which included weight loss, increased myeloperoxidase activity and mucosal damage. In the colon tissue, DPhP inhibited TNBS-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, IL-8 and TNF-α expressions, and abnormal angiogenesis. In addition, DPhP also suppressed IL-8-induced angiogenesis, which was revealed by an in vivo assay using chick chorioallantoic membrane. Furthermore, the level of IL-6, a pleiotropic cytokine which is implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD and colitis-associated cancer, was suppressed by DPhP in rat colon tissue and serum. In conclusion, the results suggest that DPhP is a potential dual-acting IBD drug candidate targeting both inflammation and abnormal angiogenesis, possibly through the NF-κB and IL-8 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
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22
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Cui X, Han Y, Pan Y, Xu X, Ren W, Zhang S. Molecular cloning, expression and functional analysis of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in South African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:1159-1165. [PMID: 21530580 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an IL-8 homologue has been cloned and identified from South African clawed frog Xenopus laevis (designated XlIL-8). The open reading frame (ORF) of XlIL-8 consists of 312 bases encoding a protein of 103 amino acids. The chemokine CXC domain, which contained Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) motif and four cysteine residues, was well conserved in South African clawed frog IL-8. By quantitative real-time PCR, mRNA transcript of XlIL-8 was detectable in all the examined tissues with higher level in spleen and kidney. The temporal expression of XlIL-8 mRNA in the monocytes was up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and reached the maximum level at about 6h post-stimulation. Recombinant soluble XlIL-8 (XlsIL-8) was fused with a small ubiquitin-related modifier gene (SUMO) to enhance the soluble expression level in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The fusing protein SUMO-XlsIL-8 was purified using metal chellate affinity chromatography (Ni-NTA) and cleaved by a SUMO-specific protease, then confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis. Chemotaxis assays showed that lymphocytes but not monocytes could be recruited toward SUMO-XlsIL-8 or XlsIL-8 protein in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. The present study may be useful for understanding the anti-bacteria immunity in amphibian and gives the potential to use the recombinant proteins to manipulate the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianwei Cui
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Life Sciences College, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
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Apple flavonoid phloretin inhibits Escherichia coli O157:H7 biofilm formation and ameliorates colon inflammation in rats. Infect Immun 2011; 79:4819-27. [PMID: 21930760 DOI: 10.1128/iai.05580-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic biofilms have been associated with persistent infections due to their high resistance to antimicrobial agents, while commensal biofilms often fortify the host's immune system. Hence, controlling biofilm formation of both pathogenic bacteria and commensal bacteria is important in bacterium-related diseases. We investigated the effect of plant flavonoids on biofilm formation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. The antioxidant phloretin, which is abundant in apples, markedly reduced E. coli O157:H7 biofilm formation without affecting the growth of planktonic cells, while phloretin did not harm commensal E. coli K-12 biofilms. Also, phloretin reduced E. coli O157:H7 attachment to human colon epithelial cells. Global transcriptome analyses revealed that phloretin repressed toxin genes (hlyE and stx(2)), autoinducer-2 importer genes (lsrACDBF), curli genes (csgA and csgB), and dozens of prophage genes in E. coli O157:H7 biofilm cells. Electron microscopy confirmed that phloretin reduced fimbria production in E. coli O157:H7. Also, phloretin suppressed the tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced inflammatory response in vitro using human colonic epithelial cells. Moreover, in the rat model of colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), phloretin significantly ameliorated colon inflammation and body weight loss. Taken together, our results suggest that the antioxidant phloretin also acts as an inhibitor of E. coli O157:H7 biofilm formation as well as an anti-inflammatory agent in inflammatory bowel diseases without harming beneficial commensal E. coli biofilms.
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Zhou X, Wang L, Feng H, Guo Q, Dai H. Acute phase response in Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Trionyx sinensis) with Aeromonas hydrophila infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 35:441-451. [PMID: 21095204 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Trionyx sinensis) is an important culture reptile. However, little is known about its acute phase response (APR) caused by bacteria. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute phase protein (APP). In this study, a turtle SAA homologue was identified and described in reptiles. The full-length cDNA of turtle SAA was 554 bp and contained a 381 bp open reading frame (ORF) coding for a protein of 127 aa. Similar to other known SAA genes, the turtle SAA gene contained three exons and two introns. The promoter region of turtle SAA gene contained the consensus binding sites for nuclear factor (NF)-κB and c-Rel. The turtle SAA amino acid sequence shared the highest identity to avian SAA sequences. Meantime, we present the first systematic study with expression levels of five genes encoding APPs in immune response caused by Aeromonas hydrophila infection. After infection, turtle SAA mRNA was induced in liver at 8h, then increased more than 1200-fold at 2d; in spleen and kidney, the SAA mRNAs were also induced during 8h-7d, but the level was far lower than that in the liver. The complement 3 (C3), fibrinogen-gamma chain (Fb-G) and cathepsin L (CathL) mRNAs were increased in liver at 2d, whereas the albumin (ALB) mRNA was significantly decreased during 8h-7d. Our studies suggest that the APR in turtle with A. hydrophila infection is similar to that in mammals, and SAA is a major indicator of bacterial infection, especially at early stage, in reptiles. Additionally, the different expression patterns of five APP genes observed in present studies could provide clues for understanding the innate immune mechanisms in the APR of reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Samuel S, Loftus EV, Sandborn WJ. The effects of itraconazole on inflammatory bowel disease activity in patients treated for histoplasmosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32:1207-9. [PMID: 21039684 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04444.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Novel hexahydrocannabinol analogs as potential anti-cancer agents inhibit cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 650:64-71. [PMID: 20950604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Both natural and synthetic cannabinoids have been shown to suppress the growth of tumor cells in culture and in animal models by affecting key signaling pathways including angiogenesis, a pivotal step in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. In our search for cannabinoid-like anticancer agents devoid of psychoactive side effects, we synthesized and evaluated the anti-angiogenic effects of a novel series of hexahydrocannabinol analogs. Among these, two analogs LYR-7 [(9S)-3,6,6,9-tetramethyl-6a,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-1-ol] and LYR-8 [(1-((9S)-1-hydroxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-6a,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-2-yl)ethanone)] were selected based on their anti-angiogenic activity and lack of binding affinity for cannabinoid receptors. Both LYR-7 and LYR-8 inhibited VEGF-induced proliferation, migration, and capillary-like tube formation of HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect of the compounds on cell proliferation was more selective in endothelial cells than in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7). We also noted effective inhibition of VEGF-induced new blood vessel formation by the compounds in the in vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Furthermore, both LYR analogs potently inhibited VEGF production and NF-κB transcriptional activity in cancer cells. Additionally, LYR-7 or LYR-8 strongly inhibited breast cancer cell-induced angiogenesis and tumor growth. Together, these results suggest that novel synthetic hexahydrocannabinol analogs, LYR-7 and LYR-8, inhibit tumor growth by targeting VEGF-mediated angiogenesis signaling in endothelial cells and suppressing VEGF production and cancer cell growth.
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Di Simone N, Di Nicuolo F, D'Ippolito S, Castellani R, Tersigni C, Caruso A, Meroni P, Marana R. Antiphospholipid Antibodies Affect Human Endometrial Angiogenesis1. Biol Reprod 2010; 83:212-9. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.110.083410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Thapa D, Babu D, Park MA, Kwak MK, Lee YR, Kim JM, Kwon TK, Kim JA. Induction of p53-independent apoptosis by a novel synthetic hexahydrocannabinol analog is mediated via Sp1-dependent NSAID-activated gene-1 in colon cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:62-71. [PMID: 20230799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-activated gene-1 (NAG-1) has received greater attention as a novel molecular target for anti-cancer therapeutics in recent years. We identified a novel synthetic hexahydrocannabinol analog, LYR-8 [(1-((9S)-1-hydroxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-6a,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-2-yl)ethanone)], as a potent NAG-1 and apoptosis inducer in a panel of human cancer cells. LYR-8 did not possess any affinity for cannabinoid receptor CB(1) or CB(2), which eliminates the concern about potential psychoactive side effects. LYR-8 dramatically induced NAG-1 expression and apoptosis in HCT116 (wild-type p53) and HT29 (mutant p53) colon cancer cells. The NAG-1 expression by LYR-8 was not blocked by pifithrin-alpha, a specific p53 inhibitor, which was different from doxorubicin that induced p53-dependent NAG-1 transcriptional activity. The induction of NAG-1 promoter activity by LYR-8 was strongly correlated with increased Sp1 activation as noted in various luc-promoter activities. Furthermore, pretreatment with the specific Sp1 inhibitor mithramycin A completely reversed the LYR-8-induced NAG-1 expression in both HCT116 and HT29 cells. Knockdown of NAG-1 using siRNA significantly reversed LYR-8-induced cell death in both wild-type and mutant p53-expressing colon cancer cells. Furthermore, sensitization with NAG-1 inducer sulindac sulfide synergized LYR-8-induced cell death in both colon cancer cells. These results suggest that induction of NAG-1 via Sp1 activation is a promising therapeutic approach in cancer treatment, and that a novel compound like LYR-8 could be a potent chemotherapeutic agent for colon cancers including p53-mutated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Thapa
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1 Dae-Dong, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
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The Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane as an In Vivo Assay to Study Antiangiogenesis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:482-513. [PMID: 27713265 PMCID: PMC4033966 DOI: 10.3390/ph3030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiangiogenesis, e.g., inhibition of blood vessel growth, is being investigated as a way to prevent the growth of tumors and other angiogenesis-dependent diseases. Pharmacological inhibition interferes with the angiogenic cascade or the immature neovasculature with synthetic or semi-synthetic substances, endogenous inhibitors or biological antagonists.The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is an extraembryonic membrane, which serves as a gas exchange surface and its function is supported by a dense capillary network. Because its extensive vascularization and easy accessibility, CAM has been used to study morphofunctional aspects of the angiogenesis process in vivo and to study the efficacy and mechanism of action of pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules. The fields of application of CAM in the study of antiangiogenesis, including our personal experience, are illustrated in this review article.
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Navaneethan U, Shen B. Secondary pouchitis: those with identifiable etiopathogenetic or triggering factors. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105:51-64. [PMID: 19755972 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2009.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) is the surgical treatment of choice for the majority of patients with medically refractory ulcerative colitis (UC) or UC with dysplasia, or familial adenomatous polyposis. Various forms of pouchitis frequently occur after surgery. In fact, pouchitis is the most frequent long-term complication of IPAA in patients with UC, with a cumulative prevalence of up to 50%. The etiology and pathogenesis of pouchitis are not entirely clear. It is generally believed that the initiation and development of the disease process of pouchitis is associated with dysbiosis of pouch reservoir, as evidenced by a favorable response to antibiotic therapy. However, the majority of the patients do not show identifiable etiopathogenetic or triggering factors, therefore being labeled to have idiopathic pouchitis. In contrast, a subgroup of patients, particularly those with antibiotic-refractory pouchitis, may have obvious triggering factors for disease flare-up and progression and may be considered to have secondary pouchitis. Therefore, pouchitis can be classified on the basis of etiology into idiopathic and secondary causes. Approximately 20-30% of patients who present with chronic pouchitis have secondary identifiable and triggering factors, including cytomegalovirus or Clostridium difficile infection, ischemia, concurrent immune-mediated disorders, radiation, collagen deposition, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Careful evaluation of these secondary causes of pouchitis that may contribute to resistance to antibiotics should be performed before the introduction of next-line medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udayakumar Navaneethan
- The Pouchitis Clinic, Digestive Disease Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44195, USA
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Kim JA, Kang YR, Thapa D, Lee JS, Park MA, Lee KH, Lyoo WS, Lee YR. Anti-Invasive and Anti-Angiogenic Effects of Xanthohumol and Its Synthetic Derivatives. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2009. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2009.17.4.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kim KJ, Lee JS, Kwak MK, Choi HG, Yong CS, Kim JA, Lee YR, Lyoo WS, Park YJ. Anti-inflammatory action of mollugin and its synthetic derivatives in HT-29 human colonic epithelial cells is mediated through inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 622:52-7. [PMID: 19765578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 08/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mollugin is the active compound of Rubia cordifolia, which has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases including arthritis and uteritis. In the present study, we investigated for the first time the inhibitory effects and the mechanisms of action of mollugin (M1) and its synthetic derivatives (M2-M4) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced inflammatory responses in HT-29 human colon epithelial cells. Treatment with M1 and its derivatives M2-M4 significantly inhibited TNF-alpha-induced attachment of U937 monocytic cells to HT-29 cells, which mimics the initial phase of colon inflammation. TNF-alpha-induced mRNA induction of the chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and interleukin (IL)-8, and the intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, which are involved in adhesion between leukocytes and epithelial cells, was suppressed by M1-M4, and M1 was the most efficacious. In addition, M1-M4 significantly suppressed TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. Such NF-kappaB inhibitory activity of M1-M4 (20 microM) correlated with their ability to suppress TNF-alpha-induced chemokine expression and U937 monocytic cell adhesion to HT-29 colonic epithelial cells. Treatment of HT-29 cells with M1 and PDTC, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, synergistically suppressed both TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation and monocytic cell adhesion to HT-29 cells. These results suggest that M1-M4 inhibit TNF-alpha-induced expression of inflammatory molecules via NF-kappaB, and that M1, a potent NF-kappaB inhibitor, may be a valuable new drug candidate for the treatment of colon inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1 Dae-dong, Gyeongsan, South Korea
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Wang D, Dubois RN, Richmond A. The role of chemokines in intestinal inflammation and cancer. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2009; 9:688-96. [PMID: 19734090 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a risk factor for several gastrointestinal malignancies, including colorectal cancer. Recent epidemiological studies and clinical trials demonstrate that long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) markedly reduced the relative risk of colorectal cancer. Chronic inflammation associated with development of cancer is partly driven by the chemokine system. Chemokines are chemoattractant cytokines that recruit leukocytes from the circulatory system to local inflammatory sites. In this review, we highlight recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the role of chemokines in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer from animal models and human studies. These findings provide a rationale for the development of new anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches for prevention and/or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingzhi Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
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Zhou X, Guo Q, Dai H. Molecular characterization and expression profiles in response to bacterial infection of Chinese soft-shelled turtle interleukin-8 (IL-8), the first reptilian chemokine gene. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 33:838-847. [PMID: 19428485 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an IL-8 homologue has been cloned and identified from a reptile, Chinese soft-shelled turtle for the first time. The full-length cDNA of turtle IL-8 was 1188bp and contained a 312bp open reading frame (ORF) coding for a protein of 104 amino acids. The chemokine CXC domain, which contained Glu-Leu-Arg (ELR) motif and four cysteine residues, was well conserved in turtle IL-8. The 4924bp genomic DNA of turtle IL-8 contained four exons and three introns. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of turtle IL-8 clustered together with birds. RT-PCR analysis showed that turtle IL-8 mRNA was constitutively expressed liver, spleen, kidney, heart, blood and intestine tissues of control turtles. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis further indicated that the turtle IL-8 mRNA expression was apparent in various tissues at 8h and up-regulated significantly during 8h-7d after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The present studies will help us to understand the evolution of IL-8 molecule and the inflammatory response mechanism in reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Zhou
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Inhibitory effects of clotrimazole on TNF-α-induced adhesion molecule expression and angiogenesis. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:593-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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