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Thai BS, Chia LY, Nguyen ATN, Qin C, Ritchie RH, Hutchinson DS, Kompa A, White PJ, May LT. Targeting G protein-coupled receptors for heart failure treatment. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2270-2286. [PMID: 37095602 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current treatment for patients with heart failure include drugs targeting G protein-coupled receptors such as β-adrenoceptor antagonists (β-blockers) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (or angiotensin II receptor blockers). However, many patients progress to advanced heart failure with persistent symptoms, despite treatment with available therapeutics that have been shown to reduce mortality and mortality. GPCR targets currently being explored for the development of novel heart failure therapeutics include adenosine receptor, formyl peptide receptor, relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor, vasopressin receptor, endothelin receptor and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor. Many GPCR drug candidates are limited by insufficient efficacy and/or dose-limiting unwanted effects. Understanding the current challenges hindering successful clinical translation and the potential to overcome existing limitations will facilitate the future development of novel heart failure therapeutics. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bui San Thai
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ling Yeong Chia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anh T N Nguyen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chengxue Qin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dana S Hutchinson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Kompa
- Department Medicine and Radiology, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Bessa-Gonçalves M, Bragança B, Martins-Dias E, Vinhas A, Certal M, Rodrigues T, Ferreirinha F, Costa MA, Correia-de-Sá P, Fontes-Sousa AP. Blockage of the adenosine A 2B receptor prevents cardiac fibroblasts overgrowth in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Purinergic Signal 2024; 20:163-179. [PMID: 37402944 PMCID: PMC10997572 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained pressure overload and fibrosis of the right ventricle (RV) are the leading causes of mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Although the role of adenosine in PAH has been attributed to the control of pulmonary vascular tone, cardiac reserve, and inflammatory processes, the involvement of the nucleoside in RV remodelling remains poorly understood. Conflicting results exist on targeting the low-affinity adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) for the treatment of PAH mostly because it displays dual roles in acute vs. chronic lung diseases. Herein, we investigated the role of the A2BAR in the viability/proliferation and collagen production by cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) isolated from RVs of rats with monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH. CFs from MCT-treated rats display higher cell viability/proliferation capacity and overexpress A2BAR compared to the cells from healthy littermates. The enzymatically stable adenosine analogue, 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA, 1-30 μM), concentration-dependently increased growth, and type I collagen production by CFs originated from control and PAH rats, but its effects were more prominent in cells from rats with PAH. Blockage of the A2BAR with PSB603 (100 nM), but not of the A2AAR with SCH442416 (100 nM), attenuated the proliferative effect of NECA in CFs from PAH rats. The A2AAR agonist, CGS21680 (3 and 10 nM), was virtually devoid of effect. Overall, data suggest that adenosine signalling via A2BAR may contribute to RV overgrowth secondary to PAH. Therefore, blockage of the A2AAR may be a valuable therapeutic alternative to mitigate cardiac remodelling and prevent right heart failure in PAH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Bessa-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Bragança
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Martins-Dias
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana Vinhas
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Certal
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tânia Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Ferreirinha
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Adelina Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, ICBAS-UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Patrícia Fontes-Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Departamento de Imuno-Fisiologia e Farmacologia/Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Antonioli L, Fornai M, Pellegrini C, Pacher P, Haskó G. Adenosine signaling as target in cardiovascular pharmacology. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 71:102393. [PMID: 37450948 PMCID: PMC10527223 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2023.102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrated the relevance of adenosine system in the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, myocardial infarct, ischemia, hypertension, heart failure, and atherosclerosis. In this regard, intense research efforts are being focused on the characterization of the pathophysiological significance of adenosine, acting at its membrane receptors named A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 receptors, in cardiovascular diseases. The present review article provides an integrated and comprehensive overview about current clinical and pre-clinical evidence about the role of adenosine in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. Particular attention has been focused on current scientific evidence about the pharmacological ligands acting on adenosine pathway as useful tools to manage cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- The Institution is Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- The Institution is Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Pál Pacher
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institutes of Health/NIAAA, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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A2B Adenosine Receptor in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Pursuing Proper Pit Stop to Interfere with Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054428. [PMID: 36901855 PMCID: PMC10002355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purine nucleotides and nucleosides are involved in various human physiological and pathological mechanisms. The pathological deregulation of purinergic signaling contributes to various chronic respiratory diseases. Among the adenosine receptors, A2B has the lowest affinity such that it was long considered to have little pathophysiological significance. Many studies suggest that A2BAR plays protective roles during the early stage of acute inflammation. However, increased adenosine levels during chronic epithelial injury and inflammation might activate A2BAR, resulting in cellular effects relevant to the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
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O'Brien BJ, Faraoni EY, Strickland LN, Ma Z, Mota V, Mota S, Chen X, Mills T, Eltzschig HK, DelGiorno KE, Bailey‐Lundberg JM. CD73-generated extracellular adenosine promotes resolution of neutrophil-mediated tissue injury and restrains metaplasia in pancreatitis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22684. [PMID: 36468677 PMCID: PMC9753971 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201537r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is currently the leading cause of gastrointestinal hospitalizations in the US. This condition occurs in response to abdominal injury, gallstones, chronic alcohol consumption or, less frequently, the cause remains idiopathic. CD73 is a cell surface ecto-5'-nucleotidase that generates extracellular adenosine, which can contribute to resolution of inflammation by binding adenosine receptors on infiltrating immune cells. We hypothesized genetic deletion of CD73 would result in more severe pancreatitis due to decreased generation of extracellular adenosine. CD73 knockout (CD73-/- ) and C57BL/6 (wild type, WT) mice were used to evaluate the progression and response of caerulein-induced acute and chronic pancreatitis. In response to caerulein-mediated chronic or acute pancreatitis, WT mice display resolution of pancreatitis at earlier timepoints than CD73-/- mice. Using immunohistochemistry and analysis of single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data, we determined CD73 localization in chronic pancreatitis is primarily observed in mucin/ductal cell populations and immune cells. In murine pancreata challenged with caerulein to induce acute pancreatitis, we compared CD73-/- to WT mice and observed a significant infiltration of Ly6G+, MPO+, and Granzyme B+ cells in CD73-/- compared to WT pancreata and we quantified a significant increase in acinar-to-ductal metaplasia demonstrating sustained metaplasia and inflammation in CD73-/- mice. Using neutrophil depletion in CD73-/- mice, we show neutrophil depletion significantly reduces metaplasia defined by CK19+ cells per field and significantly reduces acute pancreatitis. These data identify CD73 enhancers as a potential therapeutic strategy for patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis as adenosine generation and activation of adenosine receptors is critical to resolve persistent inflammation in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baylee J. O'Brien
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Erika Y. Faraoni
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Lincoln N. Strickland
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Zhibo Ma
- Gene Expression LaboratoryThe Salk Institute for Biological SciencesSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Victoria Mota
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Samantha Mota
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Xuebo Chen
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Tingting Mills
- Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Holger K. Eltzschig
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Kathleen E. DelGiorno
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jennifer M. Bailey‐Lundberg
- Center for Perioperative Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- The Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
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Yu Z, Ling Y, Xu Q, Cao Y, Tang S, Fu C. Blocking the A 2B adenosine receptor alleviates myocardial damage by inhibiting spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation after acute myocardial infarction. Ann Med 2022; 54:1616-1626. [PMID: 35675334 PMCID: PMC9186371 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2022.2084153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) mobilisation is an important immune event in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) plays key role in regulating MDSC function, but its specific involvement in MDSC mobilisation in AMI remains unclear. METHODS In AMI patients, the circulating MDSC ratio and A2BAR mRNA expression were measured. A mouse AMI model was established by left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA) ligation. MDSCs were analysed by FACS and immunofluorescence staining (of heart tissue). A2BAR mRNA expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. Myocardial injury was detected by HE staining. Myocardial cell apoptosis was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Cardiac systolic function was evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS In AMI patients, the circulating MDSC ratio was increased and positively correlated with A2BAR mRNA expression (r = 0.86, p < 0.01). In AMI model mice, the percentage of MDSCs was increased in the circulation and infarcted heart and decreased in the spleen. MRS-1754-mediated A2BAR inhibition decreased the MDSC ratio in the circulation and infarcted heart and prevented the decrease in MDSC number in the spleens of mice with AMI. A2BAR blockade inhibited myocardial cell apoptosis, alleviated myocardial inflammatory injury, and improved myocardial systolic function in the AMI mouse model. Similar results were found in mice after splenectomy. Additionally, spleen-derived MDSC injection increased the MDSC ratio in the infarcted heart, increased myocardial cell apoptosis, aggravated myocardial injury, and decreased cardiac systolic function in mice with AMI. CONCLUSION Blocking A2BAR alleviates myocardial damage and improves myocardial systolic function through inhibition of spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation after AMI. Key MessagesSpleen-derived MDSC mobilisation aggravates myocardial inflammatory injury within 24 h of AMI.A2BAR promotes spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation within 24 h of AMI.Blocking A2BAR improves myocardial systolic function through inhibition of spleen-derived MDSC mobilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongying Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China.,Anesthesia Laboratory and Training Center of Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Ling
- Department of Cardiology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Qiancheng Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhan Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wan Nan Medical College), Anhui, China
| | - Shengxing Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Yi Ji Shan Hospital Affiliated to Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China.,Anesthesia Laboratory and Training Center of Wan Nan Medical College, Anhui, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wan Nan Medical College), Anhui, China
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Adenosine and Adenosine Receptors: Advances in Atrial Fibrillation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112963. [PMID: 36428533 PMCID: PMC9687155 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in the world. Because the key to developing innovative therapies that limit the onset and the progression of AF is to fully understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of AF, the aim of the present narrative review is to report the most recent advances in the potential role of the adenosinergic system in the pathophysiology of AF. After a comprehensive approach describing adenosinergic system signaling and the mechanisms of the initiation and maintenance of AF, we address the interactions of the adenosinergic system's signaling with AF. Indeed, adenosine release can activate four G-coupled membrane receptors, named A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Activation of the A2A receptors can promote the occurrence of delayed depolarization, while activation of the A1 receptors can shorten the action potential's duration and induce the resting membrane's potential hyperpolarization, which promote pulmonary vein firing, stabilize the AF rotors and allow for functional reentry. Moreover, the A2B receptors have been associated with atrial fibrosis homeostasis. Finally, the adenosinergic system can modulate the autonomous nervous system and is associated with AF risk factors. A question remains regarding adenosine release and the adenosine receptors' activation and whether this would be a cause or consequence of AF.
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Zhang H, Ren L, Shivnaraine RV. Targeting GPCRs to treat cardiac fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1011176. [PMID: 36277752 PMCID: PMC9582444 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1011176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis occurs ubiquitously in ischemic heart failure, genetic cardiomyopathies, diabetes mellitus, and aging. It triggers myocardial stiffness, which impairs cardiac function, ultimately progressing to end-stage heart failure and increased mortality. Although several targets for anti-fibrotic therapies have been identified, including TGF-β and receptor tyrosine kinase, there is currently no FDA-approved drug specifically targeting cardiac fibrosis. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral, multipass membrane-bound receptors that exhibit diverse and cell-specific expression, offering novel and unrealized therapeutic targets for cardiac fibrosis. This review highlights the emerging roles of several GPCRs and briefly explores their downstream pathways that are crucial in cardiac fibrosis. We will not only provide an overview of the GPCRs expressed on cardiac fibroblasts that are directly involved in myofibroblast activation but also describe those GPCRs which contribute to cardiac fibrosis via indirect crosstalk mechanisms. We also discuss the challenges of identifying novel effective therapies for cardiac fibrosis and offer strategies to circumvent these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Hao Zhang
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Duan L, Sanchez-Guerrero G, Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Activation of the adenosine A2B receptor even beyond the therapeutic window of N-acetylcysteine accelerates liver recovery after an acetaminophen overdose. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112911. [PMID: 35292334 PMCID: PMC9018526 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the USA. The short therapeutic window of the current antidote, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) highlights the need for novel late acting therapeutics. The neuronal guidance cue netrin-1 provides delayed protection against APAP hepatotoxicity through the adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR). The clinical relevance of this mechanism was investigated here by administration of the A2BAR agonist BAY 60-6583, after an APAP overdose (300 or 600 mg/kg) in fasted male and female C57BL/6J mice with assessment of liver injury 6 or 24 h after APAP in comparison to NAC. BAY 60-6583 treatment 1.5 h after APAP overdose (600 mg/kg) protected against liver injury at 6 h by preserving mitochondrial function despite JNK activation and its mitochondrial translocation. Gender independent protection was sustained when BAY 60-6583 was given 6 h after APAP overdose (300 mg/kg), when NAC administration did not show benefit. This protection was accompanied by enhanced infiltration of macrophages with the reparative anti-inflammatory phenotype by 24 h, accompanied by a decrease in neutrophil infiltration. Thus, our data emphasize the remarkable therapeutic utility of using an A2BAR agonist, which provides delayed protection long after the standard of care NAC ceased to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Giselle Sanchez-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Francucci B, Dal Ben D, Lambertucci C, Spinaci A, Volpini R, Marucci G, Buccioni M. A patent review of adenosine A 2B receptor antagonists (2016-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:689-712. [PMID: 35387537 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2057222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) plays a crucial role in pathophysiologic conditions associated with high adenosine release, typical of airway inflammatory pathologies, gastrointestinal disorders, cancer, asthma, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. In some pathologies, simultaneous inactivation of A2A and A2BARs is desirable to have a synergism of action that leads to a greater efficacy of the pharmacological treatment and less side effects due to the dose of drug administered. In this context, it is strongly required to identify molecules capable of selectively antagonizing A2BAR or A2A/A2BARs. AREAS COVERED The review provides a summary of patents, published from 2016 to present, on chemicals and their clinical use. In this paper, information on the biological activity of representative structures of recently developed A2B or A2A/A2B receptor ligands is reported. EXPERT OPINION Among the four P1 receptors, A2BAR is the most inscrutable and the least studied until a few years ago, but its involvement in various inflammatory pathologies has recently made it a pharmacological target of high interest. Many efforts by the academy and pharmaceutical companies have been made to discover potential A2BAR and A2A/A2BARs drugs. Although several compounds have been synthesized only a few molecules have entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Francucci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marucci
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Michela Buccioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Maille B, Fromonot J, Guiol C, Marlinge M, Baptiste F, Lim S, Colombani C, Chaptal MC, Chefrour M, Gastaldi M, Franceschi F, Deharo JC, Gariboldi V, Ruf J, Mottola G, Guieu R. A 2 Adenosine Receptor Subtypes Overproduction in Atria of Perioperative Atrial Fibrillation Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Pilot Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:761164. [PMID: 34805317 PMCID: PMC8595247 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.761164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Although atrial fibrillation is a common cardiac arrhythmia in humans, the mechanism that leads to the onset of this condition is poorly elucidated. Adenosine is suspected to be implicated in the trigger of atrial fibrillation (AF) through the activation of its membrane receptors, mainly adenosine receptor (AR) subtypes A1R and A2R. In this study, we compared blood adenosine concentration (BAC), and A1R, A2AR, and A2BR production in right (RA) and left atrium (LA), and on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with underlying structural heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery with or without peri-operative AF (PeOpAF). Methods: The study group consisted of 39 patients (30 men and 9 women, mean age, range 65 [40–82] years) undergoing cardiac surgery and 20 healthy patients (8 women and 12 men; mean age, range 60 [39–72] years) as controls were included. Among patients, 15 exhibited PeOpAF. Results: Blood adenosine concentration was higher in patients with PeOpAF than others. A2AR and A2BR production was higher in PBMCs of patients compared with controls and was higher in PeOpAF patients than other patients. In LA and RA, the production of A2AR and A2BR was higher in patients with PeOpAF than in other patients. Both A2AR and A2BR production were higher in LA vs. RA. A1R production was unchanged in all situations. Finally, we observed a correlation between A1R, A2AR, and A2BR production evaluated on PBMCs and those evaluated in LA and RA. Conclusions: Perioperative AF was associated with high BAC and high A2AR and A2BR expression, especially in the LA, after cardiac surgery in patients with underlying structural heart disease. Whether these increases the favor in triggering the AF in this patient population needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Maille
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Department of Cardiology, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Fromonot
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Guiol
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Marion Marlinge
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Florian Baptiste
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Department of Cardiology, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Suzy Lim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte Colombani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Mohamed Chefrour
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Frederic Franceschi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Department of Cardiology, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Claude Deharo
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Department of Cardiology, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Vlad Gariboldi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Timone University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Ruf
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | | | - Régis Guieu
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Timone University Hospital, AP-HM, Marseille, France
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12
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Campos-Martins A, Bragança B, Correia-de-Sá P, Fontes-Sousa AP. Pharmacological Tuning of Adenosine Signal Nuances Underlying Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:724320. [PMID: 34489711 PMCID: PMC8417789 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.724320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) roughly represents half of the cardiac failure events in developed countries. The proposed 'systemic microvascular paradigm' has been used to explain HFpHF presentation heterogeneity. The lack of effective treatments with few evidence-based therapeutic recommendations makes HFpEF one of the greatest unmet clinical necessities worldwide. The endogenous levels of the purine nucleoside, adenosine, increase significantly following cardiovascular events. Adenosine exerts cardioprotective, neuromodulatory, and immunosuppressive effects by activating plasma membrane-bound P1 receptors that are widely expressed in the cardiovascular system. Its proven benefits have been demonstrated in preclinical animal tests. Here, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date critical review about the main therapeutic advantages of tuning adenosine signalling pathways in HFpEF, without discounting their side effects and how these can be seized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandrina Campos-Martins
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Bragança
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal.,Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Paulo Correia-de-Sá
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Patrícia Fontes-Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Neurobiologia, Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa (MedInUP), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto (ICBAS-UP), Porto, Portugal
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13
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, largely associated to morbidity and mortality. Over the past decades, research in appearance and progression of this arrhythmia have turned into significant advances in its management. However, the incidence of AF continues to increase with the aging of the population and many important fundamental and translational underlaying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we review recent advances in molecular and cellular basis for AF initiation, maintenance and progression. We first provide an overview of the basic molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms that lead and characterize AF. Next, we discuss the upstream regulatory factors conducting the underlying mechanisms which drive electrical and structural AF-associated remodeling, including genetic factors (risk variants associated to AF as transcriptional regulators and genetic changes associated to AF), neurohormonal regulation (i.e., cAMP) and oxidative stress imbalance (cGMP and mitochondrial dysfunction). Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic implications of those findings, the knowledge gaps and consider future approaches to improve clinical management.
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14
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Procopio MC, Lauro R, Nasso C, Carerj S, Squadrito F, Bitto A, Di Bella G, Micari A, Irrera N, Costa F. Role of Adenosine and Purinergic Receptors in Myocardial Infarction: Focus on Different Signal Transduction Pathways. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020204. [PMID: 33670488 PMCID: PMC7922652 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a dramatic event often caused by atherosclerotic plaque erosion or rupture and subsequent thrombotic occlusion of a coronary vessel. The low supply of oxygen and nutrients in the infarcted area may result in cardiomyocytes necrosis, replacement of intact myocardium with non-contractile fibrous tissue and left ventricular (LV) function impairment if blood flow is not quickly restored. In this review, we summarized the possible correlation between adenosine system, purinergic system and Wnt/β-catenin pathway and their role in the pathogenesis of cardiac damage following MI. In this context, several pathways are involved and, in particular, the adenosine receptors system shows different interactions between its members and purinergic receptors: their modulation might be effective not only for a normal functional recovery but also for the treatment of heart diseases, thus avoiding fibrosis, reducing infarcted area and limiting scaring. Similarly, it has been shown that Wnt/β catenin pathway is activated following myocardial injury and its unbalanced activation might promote cardiac fibrosis and, consequently, LV systolic function impairment. In this regard, the therapeutic benefits of Wnt inhibitors use were highlighted, thus demonstrating that Wnt/β-catenin pathway might be considered as a therapeutic target to prevent adverse LV remodeling and heart failure following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Procopio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Rita Lauro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Nasso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Scipione Carerj
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Gianluca Di Bella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Antonio Micari
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, A.O.U. Policlinic “G. Martino”, 98165 Messina, Italy;
| | - Natasha Irrera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-3093; Fax: +39-090-221-23-81
| | - Francesco Costa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98165 Messina, Italy; (M.C.P.); (R.L.); (C.N.); (S.C.); (F.S.); (A.B.); (G.D.B.); (F.C.)
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15
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Eberhardt N, Sanmarco LM, Bergero G, Favaloro RR, Vigliano C, Aoki MP. HIF-1α and CD73 expression in cardiac leukocytes correlates with the severity of myocarditis in end-stage Chagas disease patients. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:233-244. [PMID: 32450615 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4ma0420-125r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy is the main infectious myocarditis worldwide. Almost 30% of Trypanosoma cruzi infected individuals develop slow and progressive myocarditis that leads to ventricular dilation and heart failure. Heart transplantation is an established, valuable therapeutic option for end-stage Chagas disease patients. Although the pathophysiology of Chagas disease has been addressed for decades by numerous groups, the cardiac immunologic mechanisms involved in the progression of clinical manifestation are still unknown. Growing evidence demonstrates that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α plays indispensable roles in driving immune response by triggering the expression of CD73 purinergic ecto-enzyme. Purinergic system controls the duration and magnitude of purine signals directed to modulate immune cells through the conversion of extracellular ATP (microbicide/proinflammatory) to the immunoregulatory metabolite adenosine. In the present work, we described that infiltrating leukocytes within cardiac explants from patients with end-stage Chagas cardiomyopathy up-regulated HIF-1α and CD73 expression. Moreover, the number of HIF-1α+ and CD73+ leukocytes positively correlated with the myocarditis severity and the local parasite load. Furthermore, we demonstrated a direct relationship between tissue parasite persistence and the influx of immune cells to the infected hearts, which ultimately determine the severity of the myocarditis. These findings provide evidence that CD73-dependent regulatory pathways are locally triggered in the myocardium of patients with end-stage Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Eberhardt
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana Maria Sanmarco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Institute of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gastón Bergero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Roberto René Favaloro
- Departamento de Cirugía cardiovascular, Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Vigliano
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Favaloro, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Pilar Aoki
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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16
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Chandrasekaran B, Samarneh S, Jaber AMY, Kassab G, Agrawal N. Therapeutic Potentials of A2B Adenosine Receptor Ligands: Current Status and Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2741-2771. [PMID: 31333084 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190717105834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine receptors (ARs) are classified as A1, A2A, A2B, and A3 subtypes belong to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). More than 40% of modern medicines act through either activation or inhibition of signaling processes associated with GPCRs. In particular, A2B AR signaling pathways are implicated in asthma, inflammation, cancer, ischemic hyperfusion, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and kidney disease. METHODS This article reviews different disease segments wherein A2B AR is implicated and discusses the potential role of subtype-selective A2B AR ligands in the management of such diseases or disorders. All the relevant publications on this topic are reviewed and presented scientifically. RESULTS This review provides an up-to-date highlight of the recent advances in the development of novel and selective A2B AR ligands and their therapeutic role in treating various disease conditions. A special focus has been given to the therapeutic potentials of selective A2B AR ligands in the management of airway inflammatory conditions and cancer. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrates the current status and perspectives of A2B AR ligands as therapeutically useful agents that would assist medicinal chemists and pharmacologists in discovering novel and subtype-selective A2B AR ligands as potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sara Samarneh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdul Muttaleb Yousef Jaber
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ghadir Kassab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P. O. Box: 1, Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nikhil Agrawal
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P. O. Box: 4000, Westville, Durban, South Africa
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17
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Effendi WI, Nagano T, Kobayashi K, Nishimura Y. Focusing on Adenosine Receptors as a Potential Targeted Therapy in Human Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E785. [PMID: 32213945 PMCID: PMC7140859 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is involved in a range of physiological and pathological effects through membrane-bound receptors linked to G proteins. There are four subtypes of adenosine receptors, described as A1AR, A2AAR, A2BAR, and A3AR, which are the center of cAMP signal pathway-based drug development. Several types of agonists, partial agonists or antagonists, and allosteric substances have been synthesized from these receptors as new therapeutic drug candidates. Research efforts surrounding A1AR and A2AAR are perhaps the most enticing because of their concentration and affinity; however, as a consequence of distressing conditions, both A2BAR and A3AR levels might accumulate. This review focuses on the biological features of each adenosine receptor as the basis of ligand production and describes clinical studies of adenosine receptor-associated pharmaceuticals in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiwin Is Effendi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Medical Faculty of Airlangga University, Surabaya 60131, Indonesia
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Kazuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan; (W.I.E.); (K.K.); (Y.N.)
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18
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The Role of Cyclic AMP Signaling in Cardiac Fibrosis. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010069. [PMID: 31888098 PMCID: PMC7016856 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial stress and injury invariably promote remodeling of the cardiac tissue, which is associated with cardiomyocyte death and development of fibrosis. The fibrotic process is initially triggered by the differentiation of resident cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. These activated fibroblasts display increased proliferative capacity and secrete large amounts of extracellular matrix. Uncontrolled myofibroblast activation can thus promote heart stiffness, cardiac dysfunction, arrhythmias, and progression to heart failure. Despite the well-established role of myofibroblasts in mediating cardiac disease, our current knowledge on how signaling pathways promoting fibrosis are regulated and coordinated in this cell type is largely incomplete. In this respect, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling acts as a major modulator of fibrotic responses activated in fibroblasts of injured or stressed hearts. In particular, accumulating evidence now suggests that upstream cAMP modulators including G protein-coupled receptors, adenylyl cyclases (ACs), and phosphodiesterases (PDEs); downstream cAMP effectors such as protein kinase A (PKA) and the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Epac; and cAMP signaling organizers such as A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) modulate a variety of fundamental cellular processes involved in myocardial fibrosis including myofibroblast differentiation, proliferation, collagen secretion, and invasiveness. The current review will discuss recent advances highlighting the role of cAMP and AKAP-mediated signaling in regulating pathophysiological responses controlling cardiac fibrosis.
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19
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Alter C, Ding Z, Flögel U, Scheller J, Schrader J. A2bR-dependent signaling alters immune cell composition and enhances IL-6 formation in the ischemic heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H190-H200. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00029.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although the cardioprotective effect of adenosine is undisputed, the role of the adenosine A2breceptor (A2bR) in ischemic cardiac remodeling is not defined. In this study we aimed to unravel the role A2bR plays in modulating the immune response and the healing mechanisms after myocardial infarction. Genetic and pharmacological (PSB603) inactivation of A2bR as well as activation of A2bR with BAY60-6583 does not alter cardiac remodeling of the infarcted (50-min left anterior descending artery occlusion/reperfusion) murine heart. Flow cytometry of immune cell subsets identified a significant increase in B cells, NK cells, CD8 and CD4 T cells, as well as FoxP3-expressing regulatory T cells in the injured heart in A2bR-deficient mice. Analysis of T-cell function revealed that expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-2, interferon (IFN)γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α by T cells is under A2bR control. In addition, we found substantial cellular heterogeneity in the response of immune cells and cardiomyocytes to A2bR deficiency: while in the absence of A2bR, expression of IL-6 was greatly reduced in cardiomyocytes and immune cells except T cells, and expression of IL-1β was strongly reduced in cardiomyocytes, granulocytes, and B cells as determined by quantitative PCR. Our findings indicate that A2bR signaling in the ischemic heart triggers substantial changes in cardiac immune cell composition of the lymphoid lineage and induces a profound cell type-specific downregulation of IL-6 and IL-1β. This suggests the presence of a targetable adenosine–A2bR–IL-6-axis triggered by adenosine formed by the ischemic heart.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Genetic deletion and pharmacological inactivation/activation of A2bR does not alter cardiac remodeling after MI but is associated by compensatory upregulation of various pro- and anti-inflammatory immune cell subsets (B cells, NK cells, CD8 and CD4 T cells, regulatory T cells). In the inflamed heart, A2bR modulates the expression of IL-2, IFNγ, TNFα in T cells and of IL-6 in cardiomyocytes, monocytes, granulocytes and B cells. This suggests an important adenosine–IL-6 axis, which is controlled by A2bR via local adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Alter
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhaoping Ding
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, University Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Düsseldorf, Germany
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20
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Jiang J, Seel CJ, Temirak A, Namasivayam V, Arridu A, Schabikowski J, Baqi Y, Hinz S, Hockemeyer J, Müller CE. A 2B Adenosine Receptor Antagonists with Picomolar Potency. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4032-4055. [PMID: 30835463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) was proposed as a novel target for the (immuno)therapy of cancer since A2BAR blockade results in antiproliferative, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and immunostimulatory effects. In this study, we explored the structure-activity relationships of xanthin-8-yl-benzenesulfonamides mainly by introducing a variety of linkers and substituents attached to the sulfonamide residue. A new, convergent strategy was established, which facilitated the synthesis of the target compounds. Many of the new compounds exhibited subnanomolar affinity for the A2BAR combined with high selectivity. Functional groups were introduced, which will allow the attachment of dyes and other reporter groups. 8-(4-((4-(4-Bromophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl)-1-propylxanthine (34, PSB-1901) was the most potent A2B-antagonist ( Ki 0.0835 nM, KB 0.0598 nM, human A2BAR) with >10 000-fold selectivity versus all other AR subtypes. It was similarly potent and selective at the mouse A2BAR, making it a promising tool for preclinical studies. Computational studies predicted halogen bonding to contribute to the outstanding potency of 34.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Catharina Julia Seel
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Ahmed Temirak
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Antonella Arridu
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Jakub Schabikowski
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Younis Baqi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Sultan Qaboos University , P.O. Box 36, 123 Muscat , Oman
| | - Sonja Hinz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Jörg Hockemeyer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute , Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn , An der Immenburg 4 , D-53121 Bonn , Germany
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21
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Vecchio EA, White PJ, May LT. The adenosine A 2B G protein-coupled receptor: Recent advances and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 198:20-33. [PMID: 30677476 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) is one of four adenosine receptor subtypes belonging to the Class A family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Until recently, the A2BAR remained poorly characterised, in part due to its relatively low affinity for the endogenous agonist adenosine and therefore presumed minor physiological significance. However, the substantial increase in extracellular adenosine concentration, the sensitisation of the receptor and the upregulation of A2BAR expression under conditions of hypoxia and inflammation, suggest the A2BAR as an exciting therapeutic target in a variety of pathological disease states. Here we discuss the pharmacology of the A2BAR and outline its role in pathophysiology including ischaemia-reperfusion injury, fibrosis, inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Vecchio
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Heart Failure Pharmacology, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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22
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Ma QS, Yao Y, Zheng YC, Feng S, Chang J, Yu B, Liu HM. Ligand-based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of xanthine derivatives as LSD1/KDM1A inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 162:555-567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Vincenzi F, Varani K. Pharmacology of Adenosine Receptors: The State of the Art. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1591-1625. [PMID: 29848236 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid whose effects are triggered through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Due to the rapid generation of adenosine from cellular metabolism, and the widespread distribution of its receptor subtypes in almost all organs and tissues, this nucleoside induces a multitude of physiopathological effects, regulating central nervous, cardiovascular, peripheral, and immune systems. It is becoming clear that the expression patterns of adenosine receptors vary among cell types, lending weight to the idea that they may be both markers of pathologies and useful targets for novel drugs. This review offers an overview of current knowledge on adenosine receptors, including their characteristic structural features, molecular interactions and cellular functions, as well as their essential roles in pain, cancer, and neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Finally, we highlight the latest findings on molecules capable of targeting adenosine receptors and report which stage of drug development they have reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Andrea Borea
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara , Ferrara , Italy
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24
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Härter M, Kalthof B, Delbeck M, Lustig K, Gerisch M, Schulz S, Kast R, Meibom D, Lindner N. Novel non-xanthine antagonist of the A 2B adenosine receptor: From HTS hit to lead structure. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 163:763-778. [PMID: 30576906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The A2B adenosine receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that belongs to the four member family of adenosine receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, A3. While adenosine-mediated A2B receptor signaling attenuates acute inflammation, facilitates tissue adaptation to hypoxia, and induces increased ischemia tolerance under conditions of an acute insult, persistently elevated adenosine levels and A2B receptor signaling are characteristics of a number of chronic disease states. In this report we describe the discovery of certain thienouracils (thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-diones) as antagonists of the A2B adenosine receptor by high-throughput screening from our corporate substance collection. The structure optimization of the initial screening hits led to BAY-545, an A2B receptor antagonist that was suitable for in vivo testing. The structure optimization work, SAR that was derived from there, as well as the properties of BAY-545 are also described. In vivo efficacy of BAY-545 was demonstrated in two models of lung fibrosis and data is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Härter
- Small Molecules Innovation, Research & Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Bernd Kalthof
- Small Molecules Innovation, Research & Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Martina Delbeck
- Preclinical Research, Research & Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Klemens Lustig
- Translational Sciences, Research & Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Michael Gerisch
- Translational Sciences, Research & Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Simone Schulz
- Translational Sciences, Research & Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Raimund Kast
- Preclinical Research, Research & Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Daniel Meibom
- Small Molecules Innovation, Research & Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Niels Lindner
- Small Molecules Innovation, Research & Development, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
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25
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Mateus M, Ilg MM, Stebbeds WJ, Christopher N, Muneer A, Ralph DJ, Cellek S. Understanding the Role of Adenosine Receptors in the Myofibroblast Transformation in Peyronie’s Disease. J Sex Med 2018; 15:947-957. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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26
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Mertens TCJ, Hanmandlu A, Tu L, Phan C, Collum SD, Chen NY, Weng T, Davies J, Liu C, Eltzschig HK, Jyothula SSK, Rajagopal K, Xia Y, Guha A, Bruckner BA, Blackburn MR, Guignabert C, Karmouty-Quintana H. Switching-Off Adora2b in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Halts the Development of Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Physiol 2018; 9:555. [PMID: 29910735 PMCID: PMC5992271 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating and progressive disease characterized by excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and remodeling of the lung vasculature. Adenosine signaling through the ADORA2B receptor has previously been implicated in disease progression and tissue remodeling in chronic lung disease. In experimental models of PH associated with chronic lung injury, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of ADORA2B improved markers of chronic lung injury and hallmarks of PH. However, the contribution of ADORA2B expression in the PASMC was not fully evaluated. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that adenosine signaling through the ADORA2B receptor in PASMC mediates the development of PH. Methods: PASMCs from controls and patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH) were characterized for expression levels of all adenosine receptors. Next, we evaluated the development of PH in ADORA2Bf/f-Transgelin (Tagln)cre mice. These mice or adequate controls were exposed to a combination of SUGEN (SU5416, 20 mg/kg/b.w. IP) and hypoxia (10% O2) for 28 days (HX-SU) or to chronic low doses of bleomycin (BLM, 0.035U/kg/b.w. IP). Cardiovascular readouts including right ventricle systolic pressures (RVSPs), Fulton indices and vascular remodeling were determined. Using PASMCs we identified ADORA2B-dependent mediators involved in vascular remodeling. These mediators: IL-6, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) and tissue transglutaminase (Tgm2) were determined by RT-PCR and validated in our HX-SU and BLM models. Results: Increased levels of ADORA2B were observed in PASMC from iPAH patients. ADORA2Bf/f-Taglncre mice were protected from the development of PH following HX-SU or BLM exposure. In the BLM model of PH, ADORA2Bf/f- Taglncre mice were not protected from the development of fibrosis. Increased expression of IL-6, HAS2 and Tgm2 was observed in PASMC in an ADORA2B-dependent manner. These mediators were also reduced in ADORA2Bf/f- Taglncre mice exposed to HX-SU or BLM. Conclusions: Our studies revealed ADORA2B-dependent increased levels of IL-6, hyaluronan and Tgm2 in PASMC, consistent with reduced levels in ADORA2Bf/f- Taglncre mice exposed to HX-SU or BLM. Taken together, our data indicates that ADORA2B on PASMC mediates the development of PH through the induction of IL-6, hyaluronan and Tgm2. These studies point at ADORA2B as a therapeutic target to treat PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinne C J Mertens
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ankit Hanmandlu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ly Tu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Carole Phan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Scott D Collum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ning-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan Davies
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Soma S K Jyothula
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Keshava Rajagopal
- Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ashrith Guha
- Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brian A Bruckner
- Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud and Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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27
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Lasley RD. Adenosine Receptor-Mediated Cardioprotection-Current Limitations and Future Directions. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:310. [PMID: 29670529 PMCID: PMC5893789 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the seminal reports of adenosine receptor-mediated cardioprotection in the early 1990s, there have been a multitude of such reports in various species and preparations. Original observations of the beneficial effects of A1 receptor agonists have been followed up with numerous reports also implicating A2A, A3, and most recently A2B, receptor agonists as cardioprotective agents. Although adenosine has been approved for clinical use in the United States for the treatment of supraventricular tachycardia and coronary artery imaging, and the selective A2A agonist, regadenoson, for the latter, clinical use of adenosine receptor agonists for protecting the ischemic heart has not advanced beyond early trials. An examination of the literature indicates that existing experimental studies have several limitations in terms of clinical relevance, as well as lacking incorporation of recent new insights into adenosine receptor signaling. Such deficiencies include the lack of experimental studies in models that most closely mimic human cardiovascular disease. In addition, there have been very few studies in chronic models of myocardial ischemia, where limiting myocardial remodeling and heart failure, not reduction of infarct size, are the primary endpoints. Despite an increasing number of reports of the beneficial effects of adenosine receptor antagonists, not agonists, in chronic diseases, this idea has not been well-studied in experimental myocardial ischemia. There have also been few studies examining adenosine receptor subtype interactions as well as receptor heterodimerization. The purpose of this Perspective article is to discuss these deficiencies to highlight future directions of research in the field of adenosine receptor-mediated protection of ischemic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Lasley
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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28
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Betti M, Catarzi D, Varano F, Falsini M, Varani K, Vincenzi F, Dal Ben D, Lambertucci C, Colotta V. The aminopyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile core for the design of new non-nucleoside-like agonists of the human adenosine A 2B receptor. Eur J Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29525433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A new series of amino-3,5-dicyanopyridines (3-28) as analogues of the adenosine hA2B receptor agonist BAY60-6583 (compound 1) was synthesized. All the compounds that interact with the hA2B adenosine receptor display EC50 values in the range 9-350 nM behaving as partial agonists, with the only exception being the 2-{[4-(4-acetamidophenyl)-6-amino-3,5-dicyanopyridin-2-yl]thio}acetamide (8) which shows a full agonist profile. Moreover, the 2-[(1H-imidazol-2-yl)methylthio)]-6-amino-4-(4-cyclopropylmethoxy-phenyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarbonitrile (15) turns out to be 3-fold more active than 1 although less selective. This result can be considered a real breakthrough due to the currently limited number of non-adenosine hA2B AR agonists reported in literature. To simulate the binding mode of nucleoside and non-nucleoside agonists at the hA2B AR, molecular docking studies were performed at homology models of this AR subtype developed by using two crystal structures of agonist-bound A2A AR as templates. These investigations allowed us to represent a hypothetical binding mode of hA2B receptor agonists belonging to the amino-3,5-dicyanopyridine series and to rationalize the observed SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Betti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Falsini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Diego Dal Ben
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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29
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Phosri S, Arieyawong A, Bunrukchai K, Parichatikanond W, Nishimura A, Nishida M, Mangmool S. Stimulation of Adenosine A 2B Receptor Inhibits Endothelin-1-Induced Cardiac Fibroblast Proliferation and α-Smooth Muscle Actin Synthesis Through the cAMP/Epac/PI3K/Akt-Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:428. [PMID: 28713274 PMCID: PMC5492828 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by an increase in fibroblast proliferation, overproduction of extracellular matrix proteins, and the formation of myofibroblast that express α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. Overstimulation of endothelin receptors induced cell proliferation, collagen synthesis, and α-SMA expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Although adenosine was shown to have cardioprotective effects, the molecular mechanisms by which adenosine A2 receptor inhibit ET-1-induced fibroblast proliferation and α-SMA expression in cardiac fibroblasts are not clearly identified. Experimental Approach: This study aimed at evaluating the mechanisms of cardioprotective effects of adenosine receptor agonist in rat cardiac fibroblast by measurement of cell proliferation, and mRNA and protein levels of α-SMA. Key results: Stimulation of adenosine subtype 2B (A2B) receptor resulted in the inhibition of ET-1-induced fibroblast proliferation, and a reduction of ET-1-induced α-SMA expression that is dependent on cAMP/Epac/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in cardiac fibroblasts. The data in this study confirm a critical role for Epac signaling on A2B receptor-mediated inhibition of ET-1-induced cardiac fibrosis via PI3K and Akt activation. Conclusion and Implications: This is the first work reporting a novel signaling pathway for the inhibition of ET-1-induced cardiac fibrosis mediated through the A2B receptor. Thus, A2B receptor agonists represent a promising perspective as therapeutic targets for the prevention of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarawuth Phosri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
| | - Ajaree Arieyawong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
| | - Kwanchai Bunrukchai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural SciencesAichi, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural SciencesAichi, Japan.,Department of Translational Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu UniversityFukuoka, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology AgencyKawaguchi, Japan
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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30
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Vecchio EA, White PJ, May LT. Targeting Adenosine Receptors for the Treatment of Cardiac Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:243. [PMID: 28529484 PMCID: PMC5418340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous molecule with key regulatory and cytoprotective mechanisms at times of metabolic imbalance in the body. Among a plethora of physiological actions, adenosine has an important role in attenuating ischaemia-reperfusion injury and modulating the ensuing fibrosis and tissue remodeling following myocardial damage. Adenosine exerts these actions through interaction with four adenosine G protein-coupled receptors expressed in the heart. The adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) is the most abundant adenosine receptor (AR) in cardiac fibroblasts and is largely responsible for the influence of adenosine on cardiac fibrosis. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that acute A2BAR stimulation can decrease fibrosis through the inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and reduction in collagen synthesis. However, in contrast, there is also evidence that chronic A2BAR antagonism reduces tissue fibrosis. This review explores the opposing pro- and anti-fibrotic activity attributed to the activation of cardiac ARs and investigates the therapeutic potential of targeting ARs for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Vecchio
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, ParkvilleVIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, ParkvilleVIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
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31
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Borg N, Alter C, Görldt N, Jacoby C, Ding Z, Steckel B, Quast C, Bönner F, Friebe D, Temme S, Flögel U, Schrader J. CD73 on T Cells Orchestrates Cardiac Wound Healing After Myocardial Infarction by Purinergic Metabolic Reprogramming. Circulation 2017; 136:297-313. [PMID: 28432149 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.023365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cells are required for proper healing after myocardial infarction. The mechanism of their beneficial action, however, is unknown. The proinflammatory danger signal ATP, released from damaged cells, is degraded by the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 to the anti-inflammatory mediator adenosine. Here, we investigate the contribution of CD73-derived adenosine produced by T cells to cardiac remodeling after ischemia/reperfusion and define its mechanism of action. METHODS Myocardial ischemia (50 minutes followed by reperfusion) was induced in global CD73-/- and CD4-CD73-/- mice. Tissue injury, T-cell purinergic signaling, cytokines, and cardiac function (magnetic resonance tomography at 9.4 T over 4 weeks) were analyzed. RESULTS Changes in functional parameters of CD4-CD73-/- mice were identical to those in global CD73 knockouts (KOs). T cells infiltrating the injured heart significantly upregulated at the gene (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and protein (enzymatic activity) levels critical transporters and enzymes (connexin43, connexin37, pannexin-1, equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1, CD39, CD73, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases 1 and 3, CD157, CD38) for the accelerated release and hydrolysis of ATP, cAMP, AMP, and NAD to adenosine. It is surprising that a lack of CD39 on T cells (from CD39-/- mice) did not alter ATP hydrolysis and very likely involves pyrophosphatases (ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases 1 and 3). Circulating T cells predominantly expressed A2a receptor (A2aR) transcripts. After myocardial infarction, A2b receptor (A2bR) transcription was induced in both T cells and myeloid cells in the heart. Thus, A2aR and A2bR signaling may contribute to myocardial responses after myocardial infarction. In the case of T cells, this was associated with an accelerated secretion of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines (interleukin-2, interferon-γ, and interleukin-17) when CD73 was lacking. Cytokine production by T cells from peripheral lymph nodes was inhibited by A2aR activation (CGS-21680). The A2bR agonist BAY 60-6583 showed off-target effects. The adenosine receptor agonist NECA inhibited interferon-γ and stimulated interleukin-6 production, each of which was antagonized by a specific A2bR antagonist (PSB-603). CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that CD73 on T cells plays a crucial role in the cardiac wound healing process after myocardial infarction. The underlying mechanism involves a profound increase in the hydrolysis of ATP/NAD and AMP, resulting primarily from the upregulation of pyrophosphatases and CD73. We also define A2bR/A2aR-mediated autacoid feedback inhibition of proinflammatory/profibrotic cytokines by T cell-derived CD73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Borg
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Alter
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Görldt
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Jacoby
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhaoping Ding
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Steckel
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Quast
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Bönner
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniela Friebe
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schrader
- From Institute of Molecular Cardiology (N.B., C.A., N.G., Z.D., B.S., D.F., S.T., U.F., J.S.) and Department of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology (C.J., C.Q., F.B.), Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Targeting the Innate Immune Response to Improve Cardiac Graft Recovery after Heart Transplantation: Implications for the Donation after Cardiac Death. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17060958. [PMID: 27322252 PMCID: PMC4926491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart transplantation (HTx) is the ultimate treatment for end-stage heart failure. The number of patients on waiting lists for heart transplants, however, is much higher than the number of available organs. The shortage of donor hearts is a serious concern since the population affected by heart failure is constantly increasing. Furthermore, the long-term success of HTx poses some challenges despite the improvement in the management of the short-term complications and in the methods to limit graft rejection. Myocardial injury occurs during transplantation. Injury initiated in the donor as result of brain or cardiac death is exacerbated by organ procurement and storage, and is ultimately amplified by reperfusion injury at the time of transplantation. The innate immune system is a mechanism of first-line defense against pathogens and cell injury. Innate immunity is activated during myocardial injury and produces deleterious effects on the heart structure and function. Here, we briefly discuss the role of the innate immunity in the initiation of myocardial injury, with particular focus on the Toll-like receptors and inflammasome, and how to potentially expand the donor population by targeting the innate immune response.
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Novitskaya T, Chepurko E, Covarrubias R, Novitskiy S, Ryzhov SV, Feoktistov I, Gumina RJ. Extracellular nucleotide regulation and signaling in cardiac fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 93:47-56. [PMID: 26891859 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction, purinergic nucleotides and nucleosides are released via non-specific and specific mechanisms in response to cellular activation, stress, or injury. These extracellular nucleotides are potent mediators of physiologic and pathologic responses, contributing to the inflammatory and fibrotic milieu within the injured myocardium. Via autocrine or paracrine signaling, cell-specific effects occur through differentially expressed purinergic receptors of the P2X, P2Y, and P1 families. Nucleotide activation of the ionotropic (ligand-gated) purine receptors (P2X) and several of the metabotropic (G-protein-coupled) purine receptors (P2Y) or adenosine activation of the P1 receptors can have profound effects on inflammatory cell function, fibroblast function, and cardiomyocyte function. Extracellular nucleotidases that hydrolyze released nucleotides regulate the magnitude and duration of purinergic signaling. While there are numerous studies on the role of the purinergic signaling pathway in cardiovascular disease, the extent to which the purinergic signaling pathway modulates cardiac fibrosis is incompletely understood. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of how the purinergic signaling pathway modulates cardiac fibroblast function and myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Novitskaya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roman Covarrubias
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sergey Novitskiy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Igor Feoktistov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Tofovic SP, Salah EM, Smits GJ, Whalley ET, Ticho B, Deykin A, Jackson EK. Dual A1/A2B Receptor Blockade Improves Cardiac and Renal Outcomes in a Rat Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 356:333-40. [PMID: 26585572 PMCID: PMC4727158 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.228841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is prevalent and often accompanied by metabolic syndrome. Current treatment options are limited. Here, we test the hypothesis that combined A1/A2B adenosine receptor blockade is beneficial in obese ZSF1 rats, an animal model of HFpEF with metabolic syndrome. The combined A1/A2B receptor antagonist 3-[4-(2,6-dioxo-1,3-dipropyl-7H-purin-8-yl)-1-bicyclo[2.2.2]octanyl]propanoic acid (BG9928) was administered orally (10 mg/kg/day) to obese ZSF1 rats (n = 10) for 24 weeks (from 20 to 44 weeks of age). Untreated ZSF1 rats (n = 9) served as controls. After 24 weeks of administration, BG9928 significantly lowered plasma triglycerides (in mg/dl: control group, 4351 ± 550; BG9928 group, 2900 ± 551) without adversely affecting plasma cholesterol or activating renin release. BG9928 significantly decreased 24-hour urinary glucose excretion (in mg/kg/day: control group, 823 ± 179; BG9928 group, 196 ± 80) and improved oral glucose tolerance, polydipsia, and polyuria. BG9928 significantly augmented left ventricular diastolic function in association with a reduction in cardiac vasculitis and cardiac necrosis. BG9928 significantly reduced 24-hour urinary protein excretion (in mg/kg/day: control group, 1702 ± 263; BG9928 group, 1076 ± 238), and this was associated with a reduction in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, tubular dilation, and deposition of proteinaceous material in the tubules. These findings show that, in a model of HFpEF with metabolic syndrome, A1/A2B receptor inhibition improves hyperlipidemia, exerts antidiabetic actions, reduces HFpEF, improves cardiac histopathology, and affords renal protection. We conclude that chronic administration of combined A1/A2B receptor antagonists could be beneficial in patients with HFpEF, in particular those with comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan P Tofovic
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Eman M Salah
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Glenn J Smits
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Eric T Whalley
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Barry Ticho
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Aaron Deykin
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
| | - Edwin K Jackson
- Vascular Medicine Institute (S.P.T.) and the Departments of Medicine (S.P.T., E.K.J.), Pathology (E.M.S.), and Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (G.J.S., E.T.W., B.T., A.D.)
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Toldo S, Mezzaroma E, Mauro AG, Salloum F, Van Tassell BW, Abbate A. The inflammasome in myocardial injury and cardiac remodeling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1146-61. [PMID: 25330141 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE An inflammatory response follows an injury of any nature, and while such a response is an attempt to promote healing, it may, itself, result in further injury. RECENT ADVANCES The inflammasome is a macromolecular structure recently recognized as a central mediator in the acute inflammatory response. The inflammasome senses the injury and it amplifies the response by leading to the release of powerful pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. CRITICAL ISSUES The activation of the inflammasome in the heart during ischemic and nonischemic injury represents an exaggerated response to sterile injury and promotes adverse cardiac remodeling and failure. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Pilot clinical trials have explored blockade of the inflammasome-derived IL-1β and have shown beneficial effects on cardiac function. Additional clinical studies testing this approach are warranted. Moreover, specific inflammasome inhibitors that are ready for clinical use are currently lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Toldo
- 1 VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, Virginia
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Antonioli L, Blandizzi C, Csóka B, Pacher P, Haskó G. Adenosine signalling in diabetes mellitus--pathophysiology and therapeutic considerations. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2015; 11:228-41. [PMID: 25687993 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a key extracellular signalling molecule that regulates several aspects of tissue function by activating four G-protein-coupled receptors, A1, A2A, A2B and A1 adenosine receptors. Accumulating evidence highlights a critical role for the adenosine system in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Although adenosine signalling is known to affect insulin secretion, new data indicate that adenosine signalling also contributes to the regulation of β-cell homeostasis and activity by controlling the proliferation and regeneration of these cells as well as the survival of β cells in inflammatory microenvironments. Furthermore, adenosine is emerging as a major regulator of insulin responsiveness by controlling insulin signalling in adipose tissue, muscle and liver; adenosine also indirectly mediates effects on inflammatory and/or immune cells in these tissues. This Review critically discusses the role of the adenosine-adenosine receptor system in regulating both the onset and progression of T1DM and T2DM, and the potential of pharmacological manipulation of the adenosinergic system as an approach to manage T1DM, T2DM and their associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Balázs Csóka
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Pál Pacher
- Section on Oxidative Stress Tissue Injury, Laboratories of Physiological Studies, NIH/NIAAA, 5625 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - György Haskó
- Department of Surgery and Center for Immunity and Inflammation, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Burnstock G, Pelleg A. Cardiac purinergic signalling in health and disease. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:1-46. [PMID: 25527177 PMCID: PMC4336308 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-014-9436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is a historical account about purinergic signalling in the heart, for readers to see how ideas and understanding have changed as new experimental results were published. Initially, the focus is on the nervous control of the heart by ATP as a cotransmitter in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves, as well as in intracardiac neurons. Control of the heart by centers in the brain and vagal cardiovascular reflexes involving purines are also discussed. The actions of adenine nucleotides and nucleosides on cardiomyocytes, atrioventricular and sinoatrial nodes, cardiac fibroblasts, and coronary blood vessels are described. Cardiac release and degradation of ATP are also described. Finally, the involvement of purinergic signalling and its therapeutic potential in cardiac pathophysiology is reviewed, including acute and chronic heart failure, ischemia, infarction, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, syncope, hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, angina, diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as heart transplantation and coronary bypass grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
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Karmouty-Quintana H, Philip K, Acero LF, Chen NY, Weng T, Molina JG, Luo F, Davies J, Le NB, Bunge I, Volcik KA, Le TTT, Johnston RA, Xia Y, Eltzschig HK, Blackburn MR. Deletion of ADORA2B from myeloid cells dampens lung fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. FASEB J 2014; 29:50-60. [PMID: 25318478 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-260182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal, fibroproliferative disease. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can develop secondary to IPF and increase mortality. Alternatively, activated macrophages (AAMs) contribute to the pathogenesis of both IPF and PH. Here we hypothesized that adenosine signaling through the ADORA2B on AAMs impacts the progression of these disorders and that conditional deletion of ADORA2B on myeloid cells would have a beneficial effect in a model of these diseases. Conditional knockout mice lacking ADORA2B on myeloid cells (Adora2B(f/f)-LysM(Cre)) were exposed to the fibrotic agent bleomycin (BLM; 0.035 U/g body weight, i.p.). At 14, 17, 21, 25, or 33 d after exposure, SpO2, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and histologic analyses were performed. On day 33, lung function and cardiovascular analyses were determined. Markers for AAM and mediators of fibrosis and PH were assessed. Adora2B(f/f)-LysM(Cre) mice presented with attenuated fibrosis, improved lung function, and no evidence of PH compared with control mice exposed to BLM. These findings were accompanied by reduced expression of CD206 and arginase-1, markers for AAMs. A 10-fold reduction in IL-6 and a 5-fold decrease in hyaluronan, both linked to lung fibrosis and PH, were also observed. These data suggest that activation of the ADORA2B on macrophages plays an active role in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis and PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kemly Philip
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Luis F Acero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | | | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Jose G Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Fayong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Jonathan Davies
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and
| | - Ngoc-Bao Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | | | | | | | - Richard A Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Holger K Eltzschig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Interleukin-1β Blockade Improves Left Ventricular Systolic/Diastolic Function and Restores Contractility Reserve in Severe Ischemic Cardiomyopathy in the Mouse. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 64:1-6. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hinz S, Lacher SK, Seibt BF, Müller CE. BAY60-6583 acts as a partial agonist at adenosine A2B receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 349:427-36. [PMID: 24633424 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.210849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BAY60-6583 [2-({6-amino-3,5-dicyano-4-[4-(cyclopropylmethoxy)phenyl]pyridin-2-yl}sulfanyl)acetamide] is the most potent and selective adenosine A2B receptor (A2B AR) agonist known to date. Therefore, it has been widely used for in vitro and in vivo experiments. In the present study, we investigated the binding and functional properties of BAY60-6583 in various native and recombinant cell lines with different A2B AR expression levels. In cAMP accumulation and calcium mobilization assays, BAY60-6583 was found to be significantly less efficacious than adenosine or the adenosine derivative NECA. When it was tested in human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells, its efficacy correlated with the A2B expression level of the cells. In Jurkat T cells, BAY60-6583 antagonized the agonistic effect of NECA and adenosine as determined in cAMP accumulation assays. On the basis of these results, we conclude that BAY60-6583 acts as a partial agonist at adenosine A2B receptors. At high levels of the physiologic agonist adenosine, BAY60-6583 may act as an antagonist and block the effects of adenosine at A2B receptors. This has to be considered when applying the A2B-selective "agonist" BAY60-6583 in pharmacological studies, and previous research results may have to be reinterpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Hinz
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Role of adenosine A2B receptor signaling in contribution of cardiac mesenchymal stem-like cells to myocardial scar formation. Purinergic Signal 2014; 10:477-86. [PMID: 24584483 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-014-9410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine levels increase in ischemic hearts and contribute to the modulation of that pathological environment. We previously showed that A2B adenosine receptors on mouse cardiac Sca1(+)CD31(-) mesenchymal stromal cells upregulate secretion of paracrine factors that may contribute to the improvement in cardiac recovery seen when these cells are transplanted in infarcted hearts. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that A2B receptor signaling regulates the transition of Sca1(+)CD31(-) cells, which occurs after myocardial injury, into a myofibroblast phenotype that promotes myocardial repair and remodeling. In vitro, TGFβ1 induced the expression of the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) and increased collagen I generation in Sca1(+)CD31(-) cells. Stimulation of A2B receptors attenuated TGFβ1-induced collagen I secretion but had no effect on αSMA expression. In vivo, myocardial infarction resulted in a rapid increase in the numbers of αSMA-positive cardiac stromal cells by day 5 followed by a gradual decline. Genetic deletion of A2B receptors had no effect on the initial accumulation of αSMA-expressing stromal cells but hastened their subsequent decline; the numbers of αSMA-positive cells including Sca1(+)CD31(-) cells remained significantly higher in wild type compared with A2B knockout hearts. Thus, our study revealed a significant contribution of cardiac Sca1(+)CD31(-) cells to the accumulation of αSMA-expressing cells after infarction and implicated A2B receptor signaling in regulation of myocardial repair and remodeling by delaying deactivation of these cells. It is plausible that this phenomenon may contribute to the beneficial effects of transplantation of these cells to the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Van Tassell
- VCU Pauley Heart Center (B.W.V.T., S.T., E.M., A.A.), Victoria Johnson Research Laboratory (B.W.V.T., S.T., E.M., A.A.), and School of Pharmacy (B.W.V.T., E.M.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
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Zhang H, Zhong H, Everett TH, Wilson E, Chang R, Zeng D, Belardinelli L, Olgin JE. Blockade of A2B adenosine receptor reduces left ventricular dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias 1 week after myocardial infarction in the rat model. Heart Rhythm 2013; 11:101-9. [PMID: 24120874 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Remodeling occurs after myocardial infarction (MI), leading to fibrosis, dysfunction, and ventricular tachycardias (VTs). Adenosine via the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAdoR) has been implicated in promoting fibrosis. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of GS-6201, a potent antagonist of the A2BAdoR, on arrhythmogenic and functional cardiac remodeling after MI. METHODS Rats underwent ischemia-reperfusion MI and were randomized into 4 groups: control (treated with vehicle), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (treated with enalapril 1 day after MI), GS-6201-1d (treated with GS-6201 1 day after MI), GS-6201-1w (treated with GS-6201 administered 1 week after MI) . Echocardiography was performed at baseline and 1 and 5 weeks after MI. Optical mapping, VT inducibility, and histologic analysis were conducted at follow-up. RESULTS Treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor improved ejection fraction (57.8% ± 2.5% vs 43.3% ± 1.7% in control; P < .01), but had no effect on VT inducibility. Treatment with GS-6201 improved ejection fraction (55.6% ± 2.6% vs 43.3% ± 1.7% in control; P < .01) and decreased VT inducibility (9.1% vs 68.4% in control; P < .05). Conduction velocities were significantly higher at border and infarct zones in hearts of rats treated with GS-6201 than in those of other groups. The conduction heterogeneity index was also significantly lower in hearts of rats treated with GS-6201. Histologic analysis showed that while both GS-6201 and enalapril decreased fibrosis in the noninfarct zone, only GS-6201 reduced the heterogeneity of fibrosis at the border, which is consistent with its effect on VT reduction. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with an A2BAdoR antagonist at 1 week results in the improvement in cardiac function and decreased substrate for VT. The inhibition of fibrogenesis by A2BAdoR antagonists may be a new target for the prevention of adverse remodeling after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Thomas H Everett
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily Wilson
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Roger Chang
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Dewan Zeng
- Gilead Sciences, Inc, Foster City, California
| | | | - Jeffrey E Olgin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California.
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Cardiovascular adenosine receptors: Expression, actions and interactions. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 140:92-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Bousquenaud M, Maskali F, Poussier S, Zangrando J, Marie PY, Boutley H, Fay R, Karcher G, Wagner DR, Devaux Y. Cardioprotective effects of adenosine within the border and remote areas of myocardial infarction. EJNMMI Res 2013; 3:65. [PMID: 24028474 PMCID: PMC3847228 DOI: 10.1186/2191-219x-3-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adenosine may have beneficial effects on left ventricular function after myocardial infarction (MI), but the magnitude of this effect on remote and MI areas is controversial. We assessed the long-term effects of adenosine after MI using electrocardiogram-triggered 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Methods Wistar rats were subjected to coronary ligation and randomized into three groups treated daily for 2 months by NaCl (control; n = 7), 2-chloroadenosine (CADO; n = 8) or CADO with 8-sulfophenyltheophilline, an antagonist of adenosine receptors (8-SPT; n = 8). Results After 2 months, control rats exhibited left ventricular remodelling, with increased end-diastolic volume and decreased ejection fraction. Left ventricular remodelling was not significantly inhibited by CADO. Segmental contractility, as assessed by the change in myocardial thickening after 2 months, was improved in CADO rats compared to control rats (+1.6% ± 0.8% vs. −2.3% ± 0.8%, p < 0.001). This improvement was significant in border (+5.6% ± 0.8% vs. +1.5% ± 0.8%, p < 0.001) and remote (−4.0% ± 1.0% vs. −10.4% ± 1.3%, p < 0.001) segments, but absent in MI segments. Histological analyses revealed that CADO reduced fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis. Protective effects of CADO were blunted by 8-SPT. Conclusion Long-term administration of adenosine protects the left ventricle from contractile dysfunction following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Bousquenaud
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé, 84 Val Fleuri, Luxembourg L1526, Luxembourg.
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Ryzhov S, Zhang Q, Biaggioni I, Feoktistov I. Adenosine A2B receptors on cardiac stem cell antigen (Sca)-1-positive stromal cells play a protective role in myocardial infarction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:665-72. [PMID: 23827818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of mesenchymal stem-like cells to the heart is known to improve cardiac recovery in animal models of myocardial infarction (MI). Because stimulation of A2B adenosine receptors on mouse cardiac stem cell antigen (Sca)-1(+)CD31(-) mesenchymal stem-like cells significantly up-regulates their secretion of pro-angiogenic factors, we hypothesized that ablation of the A2B receptor signaling in these cells would reduce their ability to improve vascularization of the infarct area seen after transplantation. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice underwent permanent left coronary artery ligation and received intramyocardial injections of Sca-1(+)CD31(-) cells generated from WT or A2B receptor knockout (A2BKO) mice or the same volume of cell-free saline. Only 12% to 16% of injected cells remained in the ventricles 1 week later; there was no significant difference between WT and A2BKO cell survival. Transplantation of WT, but not A2BKO, cells significantly reduced both post-MI decline in cardiac function and adverse remodeling compared with that seen in control hearts. Morphological analysis conducted 4 weeks after MI revealed significantly increased vascularization of the infarct areas and reduced myocardial scarring in animals treated with WT, but not with A2BKO, cells compared with control. Thus, our study demonstrated that the A2B receptor signaling linked to up-regulation of pro-angiogenic factors in cardiac Sca-1(+)CD31(-) stromal cells is essential for overall improvement of cardiac recovery seen after their transplantation to the injured heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Ryzhov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Eltzschig HK, Bonney SK, Eckle T. Attenuating myocardial ischemia by targeting A2B adenosine receptors. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:345-54. [PMID: 23540714 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is associated with profound tissue hypoxia due to an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand, and studies of hypoxia-elicited adaptive responses during myocardial ischemia revealed a cardioprotective role for the signaling molecule adenosine. In ischemic human hearts, the A2B adenosine receptor (ADORA2B) is selectively induced. Functional studies in genetic models show that ADORA2B signaling attenuates myocardial infarction by adapting metabolism towards more oxygen efficient utilization of carbohydrates. This adenosine-mediated cardio-adaptive response involves the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor HIF1α and the circadian rhythm protein PER2. In this article, we discuss advances in the understanding of adenosine-elicited cardioprotection with particular emphasis on ADORA2B, its downstream targets, and the implications for novel strategies to prevent or treat myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger K Eltzschig
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Karmouty-Quintana H, Xia Y, Blackburn MR. Adenosine signaling during acute and chronic disease states. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:173-81. [PMID: 23340998 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-0997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a signaling nucleoside that is produced following tissue injury, particularly injury involving ischemia and hypoxia. The production of extracellular adenosine and its subsequent signaling through adenosine receptors plays an important role in orchestrating injury responses in multiple organs. There are four adenosine receptors that are widely distributed on immune, epithelial, endothelial, neuronal,and stromal cells throughout the body. Interestingly, these receptors are subject to altered regulation following injury. Studies in mouse models and human cells and tissues have identified that the production of adenosine and its subsequent signaling through its receptors plays largely beneficial roles in acute disease states, with the exception of brain injury. In contrast, if elevated adenosine levels are sustained beyond the acute injury phase, adenosine responses can become detrimental by activating pathways that promote tissue injury and fibrosis. Understanding when during the course of disease adenosine signaling is beneficial as opposed to detrimental and defining the mechanisms involved will be critical for the advancement of adenosine-based therapies for acute and chronic diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss key observations that define the beneficial and detrimental aspects of adenosine signaling during acute and chronic disease states with an emphasis on cellular processes, such as inflammatory cell regulation, vascular barrier function, and tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Blvd, Suite 6.200, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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