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Evans JV, Suman S, Goruganthu MUL, Tchekneva EE, Guan S, Arasada RR, Antonucci A, Piao L, Ilgisonis I, Bobko AA, Driesschaert B, Uzhachenko RV, Hoyd R, Samouilov A, Amann J, Wu R, Wei L, Pallerla A, Ryzhov SV, Feoktistov I, Park KP, Kikuchi T, Castro J, Ivanova AV, Kanagasabai T, Owen DH, Spakowicz DJ, Zweier JL, Carbone DP, Novitskiy SV, Khramtsov VV, Shanker A, Dikov MM. Improving combination therapies: targeting A2B-adenosine receptor to modulate metabolic tumor microenvironment and immunosuppression. J Natl Cancer Inst 2023; 115:1404-1419. [PMID: 37195421 PMCID: PMC10637048 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the role of A2B-adenosine receptor in regulating immunosuppressive metabolic stress in the tumor microenvironment. Novel A2B-adenosine receptor antagonist PBF-1129 was tested for antitumor activity in mice and evaluated for safety and immunologic efficacy in a phase I clinical trial of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS The antitumor efficacy of A2B-adenosine receptor antagonists and their impact on the metabolic and immune tumor microenvironment were evaluated in lung, melanoma, colon, breast, and epidermal growth factor receptor-inducible transgenic cancer models. Employing electron paramagnetic resonance, we assessed changes in tumor microenvironment metabolic parameters, including pO2, pH, and inorganic phosphate, during tumor growth and evaluated the immunologic effects of PBF-1129, including its pharmacokinetics, safety, and toxicity, in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. RESULTS Levels of metabolic stress correlated with tumor growth, metastasis, and immunosuppression. Tumor interstitial inorganic phosphate emerged as a correlative and cumulative measure of tumor microenvironment stress and immunosuppression. A2B-adenosine receptor inhibition alleviated metabolic stress, downregulated expression of adenosine-generating ectonucleotidases, increased expression of adenosine deaminase, decreased tumor growth and metastasis, increased interferon γ production, and enhanced the efficacy of antitumor therapies following combination regimens in animal models (anti-programmed cell death 1 protein vs anti-programmed cell death 1 protein plus PBF-1129 treatment hazard ratio = 11.74 [95% confidence interval = 3.35 to 41.13], n = 10, P < .001, 2-sided F test). In patients with non-small cell lung cancer, PBF-1129 was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxicities; demonstrated pharmacologic efficacy; modulated the adenosine generation system; and improved antitumor immunity. CONCLUSIONS Data identify A2B-adenosine receptor as a valuable therapeutic target to modify metabolic and immune tumor microenvironment to reduce immunosuppression, enhance the efficacy of immunotherapies, and support clinical application of PBF-1129 in combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason V Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Shankar Suman
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mounika Uttam L Goruganthu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Elena E Tchekneva
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shuxiao Guan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rajeswara Rao Arasada
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anneliese Antonucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Longzhu Piao
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Irina Ilgisonis
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Bobko
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Benoit Driesschaert
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Roman V Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Hoyd
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alexandre Samouilov
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ruohan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lai Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aaditya Pallerla
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sergey V Ryzhov
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Igor Feoktistov
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyungho P Park
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Takefumi Kikuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Shirakabadai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Alla V Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dwight H Owen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel J Spakowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David P Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sergey V Novitskiy
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Valery V Khramtsov
- In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mikhail M Dikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Herrera VLM, Bosch NA, Lok JJ, Nguyen MQ, Lenae KA, deKay JT, Ryzhov SV, Seder DB, Ruiz-Opazo N, Walkey AJ. Circulating neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-forming 'rogue' neutrophil subset, immunotype [DEspR + CD11b +], mediate multi-organ failure in COVID-19- an observational study. Transl Med Commun 2023; 8:12. [PMID: 37096233 PMCID: PMC10111078 DOI: 10.1186/s41231-023-00143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Cumulative research show association of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) with poor outcomes in severe COVID-19. However, to date, there is no curative intent therapy able to block neutrophil/NETs-mediated progression of multi-organ dysfunction. Because of emerging neutrophil heterogeneity, the study of subsets of circulating NET-forming neutrophils [NET + Ns] as mediators of multi-organ failure progression among patients with COVID-19 is critical to identification of therapeutic targets. Methods We conducted a prospective observational study of circulating levels of CD11b + [NET + N] immunotyped for dual endothelin-1/signal peptide receptor (DEspR ±) expression by quantitative immunofluorescence-cytology and causal mediation analysis. In 36 consented adults hospitalized with mod-severe COVID-19, May to September 2020, we measured acute multi-organ failure via SOFA-scores and respiratory failure via SaO2/FiO2 (SF)-ratio at time points t1 (average 5.5 days from ICU/hospital admission) and t2 (the day before ICU-discharge or death), and ICU-free days at day28 (ICUFD). Circulating absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) and [NET + N] subset-specific counts were measured at t1. Spearman correlation and causal mediation analyses were conducted. Results Spearman correlation analyses showed correlations of t1-SOFA with t2-SOFA (rho r S = 0.80) and ICUFD (r S = -0.76); circulating DEspR + [NET + Ns] with t1-SOFA (r S = 0.71), t2-SOFA (r S = 0.62), and ICUFD (r S = -0.63), and ANC with t1-SOFA (r S = 0.71), and t2-SOFA (r S = 0.61).Causal mediation analysis identified DEspR + [NET + Ns] as mediator of 44.1% [95% CI:16.5,110.6] of the causal path between t1-SOFA (exposure) and t2-SOFA (outcome), with 46.9% [15.8,124.6] eliminated when DEspR + [NET + Ns] were theoretically reduced to zero. Concordantly, DEspR + [NET + Ns] mediated 47.1% [22.0,72.3%] of the t1-SOFA to ICUFD causal path, with 51.1% [22.8,80.4%] eliminated if DEspR + [NET + Ns] were reduced to zero. In patients with t1-SOFA > 1, the indirect effect of a hypothetical treatment eliminating DEspR + [NET + Ns] projected a reduction of t2-SOFA by 0.98 [0.29,2.06] points and ICUFD by 3.0 [0.85,7.09] days. In contrast, there was no significant mediation of SF-ratio through DEspR + [NET + Ns], and no significant mediation of SOFA-score through ANC. Conclusions Despite equivalent correlations, DEspR + [NET + Ns], but not ANC, mediated progression of multi-organ failure in acute COVID-19, and its hypothetical reduction is projected to improve ICUFD. These translational findings warrant further studies of DEspR + [NET + Ns] as potential patient-stratifier and actionable therapeutic target for multi-organ failure in COVID-19. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41231-023-00143-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L. M. Herrera
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Nicholas A. Bosch
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Judith J. Lok
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Mai Q. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Kaitriona A. Lenae
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | | | | | - David B. Seder
- Maine Health Institute for Research, Scarborough, Maine USA
- Department of Critical Care Services, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine USA
| | - Nelson Ruiz-Opazo
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts USA
| | - Allan J. Walkey
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts USA
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3
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Herrera VL, Bosch NA, Lok JJ, Nguyen MQ, Lenae KA, deKay JT, Ryzhov SV, Seder DB, Ruiz-Opazo N, Walkey AJ. Circulating neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-forming 'rogue' neutrophil subset, immunotype [DEspR+CD11b+], mediate multi-organ failure in COVID-19 - an observational study. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2479844. [PMID: 36778407 PMCID: PMC9915800 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2479844/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: Cumulative research show association of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) with poor outcomes in severe COVID-19. However, to date, no curative intent therapy has been identified to block neutrophil/NETs-mediated progression of multi-organ dysfunction. Because of emerging neutrophil heterogeneity, the study of subsets of circulating neutrophil-extracellular trap (NET)-forming neutrophils [NET+Ns] as mediators of multi-organ failure progression among patients with COVID-19 is critical to identification of therapeutic targets. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of circulating levels of CD11b+[NET+N] immunotyped for dual endothelin-1/signal peptide receptor, (DEspR±) expression by quantitative immunofluorescence-cytology and causal mediation analysis. In 36 consented adults hospitalized with mod-severe COVID-19, May to September 2020, we measured acute multi-organ failure via SOFA-scores and respiratory failure via SaO2/FiO2 (SF)ratio at time points t1 (average 5.5 days from ICU/hospital admission) and t2 (the day before ICU-discharge or death), and ICU-free days at day28 (ICUFD). Circulating absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) and [NET+N] subset-specific counts were measured at t1. Spearman correlation and causal mediation analyses were conducted. Results: Spearman correlation analyses showed correlations of t1-SOFA with t2-SOFA ( rho r S =0.80) and ICUFD ( r S =-0.76); circulating DEspR+[NET+Ns] with t1-SOFA ( r S = 0.71), t2-SOFA ( r S =0.62), and ICUFD ( r S =-0.63), and ANC with t1-SOFA ( r S =0.71), and t2-SOFA ( r S =0.61). Causal mediation analysis identified DEspR+[NET+Ns] as mediator of 44.1% [95% CI:16.5,110.6] of the causal path between t1-SOFA (exposure) and t2-SOFA (outcome), with 46.9% [15.8,124.6] eliminated when DEspR+[NET+Ns] were theoretically reduced to zero. Concordantly, DEspR+[NET+Ns] mediated 47.1% [22.0,72.3%] of the t1-SOFA to ICUFD causal path, with 51.1% [22.8,80.4%] eliminated if DEspR+[NET+Ns] were reduced to zero. In patients with t1-SOFA >1, the indirect effect of a hypothetical treatment eliminating DEspR+[NET+Ns] projected a reduction of t2-SOFA by 0.98 [0.29,2.06] points and ICUFD by 3.0 [0.85,7.09] days. In contrast, there was no significant mediation of SF-ratio through DEspR+[NET+Ns], and no significant mediation of SOFA-score through ANC. Conclusions: Despite equivalent correlations, DEspR+[NET+Ns], but not ANC, mediated progression of multi-organ failure in acute COVID-19, and its hypothetical reduction is projected to improve ICUFD. These translational findings warrant further studies of DEspR+[NET+Ns] as potential patient-stratifier and actionable therapeutic target for multi-organ failure in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L.M. Herrera
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine,Corresponding author:
| | - Nicholas A. Bosch
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Judith J. Lok
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University
| | - Mai Q. Nguyen
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Kaitriona A. Lenae
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
| | | | | | - David B. Seder
- Maine Health Institute for Research,Department of Critical Care Services, Maine Medical Center
| | - Nelson Ruiz-Opazo
- Department of Medicine and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Allan J. Walkey
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine
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4
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Gagnon DJ, Ryzhov SV, May MA, Riker RR, Geller B, May TL, Bockian S, deKay JT, Eldridge A, Van der Kloot T, Lerwick P, Lord C, Lucas FL, Mailloux P, McCrum B, Searight M, Wirth J, Zuckerman J, Sawyer D, Seder DB. Ceftriaxone to PRevent pneumOnia and inflammaTion aftEr Cardiac arresT (PROTECT): study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:197. [PMID: 35246202 PMCID: PMC8895836 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06127-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia is the most common infection after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurring in up to 65% of patients who remain comatose after return of spontaneous circulation. Preventing infection after OHCA may (1) reduce exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics, (2) prevent hemodynamic derangements due to local and systemic inflammation, and (3) prevent infection-associated morbidity and mortality. METHODS The ceftriaxone to PRevent pneumOnia and inflammaTion aftEr Cardiac arrest (PROTECT) trial is a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-center, quadruple-blind (patient, treatment team, research team, outcome assessors), non-commercial, superiority trial to be conducted at Maine Medical Center in Portland, Maine, USA. Ceftriaxone 2 g intravenously every 12 h for 3 days will be compared with matching placebo. The primary efficacy outcome is incidence of early-onset pneumonia occurring < 4 days after mechanical ventilation initiation. Concurrently, T cell-mediated inflammation bacterial resistomes will be examined. Safety outcomes include incidence of type-one immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions, gallbladder injury, and Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea. The trial will enroll 120 subjects over approximately 3 to 4 years. DISCUSSION The PROTECT trial is novel in its (1) inclusion of OHCA survivors regardless of initial heart rhythm, (2) use of a low-risk antibiotic available in the USA that has not previously been tested after OHCA, (3) inclusion of anti-inflammatory effects of ceftriaxone as a novel mechanism for improved clinical outcomes, and (4) complete metagenomic assessment of bacterial resistomes pre- and post-ceftriaxone prophylaxis. The long-term goal is to develop a definitive phase III trial powered for mortality or functional outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04999592 . Registered on August 10, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Gagnon
- Department of Pharmacy, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA.
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA.
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Sergey V Ryzhov
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Meghan A May
- University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Richard R Riker
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Critical Care Services, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Bram Geller
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Maine Medical Partners, MaineHealth Cardiology, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Teresa L May
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Critical Care Services, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Sarah Bockian
- Maine Medical Center Neuroscience Institute, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Joanne T deKay
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Ashley Eldridge
- Maine Medical Center Neuroscience Institute, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | | | - Patricia Lerwick
- Department of Critical Care Services, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Christine Lord
- Maine Medical Center Neuroscience Institute, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - F Lee Lucas
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Patrick Mailloux
- Department of Critical Care Services, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Barbara McCrum
- Maine Medical Center Neuroscience Institute, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Meghan Searight
- Maine Medical Center Neuroscience Institute, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Joel Wirth
- Department of Critical Care Services, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
| | | | - Douglas Sawyer
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Maine Medical Partners, MaineHealth Cardiology, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - David B Seder
- Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Critical Care Services, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA
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Fitzsimons LA, Ryzhov SV, Tucker KL. Abstract 432: Loss of Primary Cilia PertErbBs Ventricular Maturation in the Developing Heart. Circ Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1161/res.127.suppl_1.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The embryonic heart requires cardiac neural crest cells (CNCC), which elaborate the sensory organelle called the primary cilium and assist in the development of the cardiac valves, the interventricular septum, and the outflow tract. Our laboratory has modeled congenital heart defects (CHD) resulting from CNCC-specific ciliary loss, using a Wnt1:Cre-2,
Ift88
-targeted conditional elimination of primary cilia.
Ift88
-homozygous mutants (MUT) displayed a variety of predicted CNCC-associated CHDs, but also revealed a novel disorganization of the ventricular endocardium, pronounced noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium, and perinatal lethality. Neuregulin-1 / ErbB signaling is a well-known key modulator of myocardial development as well as the compaction process of the ventricular myocardium. Flow cytometric analysis of embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) whole hearts revealed that loss of cilia in CNCC of MUT hearts led to a 43% reduction in cardiomyocytes (CM), defined as VCAM-1-positive/CD31-negative cells (p<0.01), and a trend towards increased CD31-positive endocardial cell (EC) populations (34% increase; p = 0.09) when compared to control (CON) hearts. Analysis of cell surface expression of ErbB receptors revealed a slight decrease in ErbB2 and ErbB4 expression in VCAM-1-positive CM of MUT with no change in ErbB3 expression, and decreased ErbB4 expression in MUT EC. Immunofluorescence analysis of proliferation was quantified in various cardiac subpopulations, including cardiac Troponin-T-positive (cTnT+/CM) cells in the ventricular myocardium. While overall cell density at E12.5 did not differ between the MUT and CON (p=0.43), CM proliferation increased significantly in MUT (5.50%) when compared to CON (2.70%; p<0.01). Taken together, decreased ErbB4 expression in the expanding MUT EC population, combined with decreased CM numbers, could serve as a novel mechanistic explanation for the pronounced hypertrabeculation and noncompaction of the MUT phenotype seen at E14.5. Our results indicate that loss of CNCC primary cilia leads to ventricular noncompaction, with a shift in the relative proportion and dynamics of both CM and EC subpopulations, which is potentially attributable to impaired ErbB signaling of the developing endocardium.
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Loi S, Dushyanthen S, Beavis PA, Salgado R, Denkert C, Savas P, Combs S, Rimm DL, Giltnane JM, Estrada MV, Sánchez V, Sanders ME, Cook RS, Pilkinton MA, Mallal SA, Wang K, Miller VA, Stephens PJ, Yelensky R, Doimi FD, Gómez H, Ryzhov SV, Darcy PK, Arteaga CL, Balko JM. Correction: RAS/MAPK Activation Is Associated with Reduced Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Cooperation Between MEK and PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:1437. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Skavdahl D, Ryzhov SV, Kosta AM, Quinn RD, Kramer RS, Sawyer DB, Robich MP. Safety of Left Ventricular Myocardial Sampling during Cardiac Surgery to Better Understand the Cardiac Microenviroment. J Am Coll Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.08.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Loi S, Dushyanthen S, Beavis PA, Salgado R, Denkert C, Savas P, Combs S, Rimm DL, Giltnane JM, Estrada MV, Sánchez V, Sanders ME, Cook RS, Pilkinton MA, Mallal SA, Wang K, Miller VA, Stephens PJ, Yelensky R, Doimi FD, Gómez H, Ryzhov SV, Darcy PK, Arteaga CL, Balko JM. RAS/MAPK Activation Is Associated with Reduced Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Cooperation Between MEK and PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2016. [PMID: 26515496 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1125.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in the residual disease (RD) of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) are associated with improved survival, but insight into tumor cell-autonomous molecular pathways affecting these features are lacking. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed TILs in the RD of clinically and molecularly characterized TNBCs after NAC and explored therapeutic strategies targeting combinations of MEK inhibitors with PD-1/PD-L1-targeted immunotherapy in mouse models of breast cancer. RESULTS Presence of TILs in the RD was significantly associated with improved prognosis. Genetic or transcriptomic alterations in Ras-MAPK signaling were significantly correlated with lower TILs. MEK inhibition upregulated cell surface MHC expression and PD-L1 in TNBC cells both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, combined MEK and PD-L1/PD-1 inhibition enhanced antitumor immune responses in mouse models of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest the possibility that Ras-MAPK pathway activation promotes immune-evasion in TNBC, and support clinical trials combining MEK- and PD-L1-targeted therapies. Furthermore, Ras/MAPK activation and MHC expression may be predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherene Loi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | | | - Paul A Beavis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institute Jules Bordet, Brussels, Department of Pathology, GZA Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Charité University and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Savas
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan Combs
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David L Rimm
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer M Giltnane
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Monica V Estrada
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Violeta Sánchez
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark A Pilkinton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kai Wang
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Franco D Doimi
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), Lima, Perú
| | - Henry Gómez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), Lima, Perú
| | | | - Phillip K Darcy
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Justin M Balko
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
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9
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Novitskaya T, Chepurko E, Covarrubias R, Novitskiy S, Ryzhov SV, Feoktistov I, Gumina RJ. Extracellular nucleotide regulation and signaling in cardiac fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 93:47-56. [PMID: 26891859 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial infarction, purinergic nucleotides and nucleosides are released via non-specific and specific mechanisms in response to cellular activation, stress, or injury. These extracellular nucleotides are potent mediators of physiologic and pathologic responses, contributing to the inflammatory and fibrotic milieu within the injured myocardium. Via autocrine or paracrine signaling, cell-specific effects occur through differentially expressed purinergic receptors of the P2X, P2Y, and P1 families. Nucleotide activation of the ionotropic (ligand-gated) purine receptors (P2X) and several of the metabotropic (G-protein-coupled) purine receptors (P2Y) or adenosine activation of the P1 receptors can have profound effects on inflammatory cell function, fibroblast function, and cardiomyocyte function. Extracellular nucleotidases that hydrolyze released nucleotides regulate the magnitude and duration of purinergic signaling. While there are numerous studies on the role of the purinergic signaling pathway in cardiovascular disease, the extent to which the purinergic signaling pathway modulates cardiac fibrosis is incompletely understood. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of how the purinergic signaling pathway modulates cardiac fibroblast function and myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Novitskaya
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elena Chepurko
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roman Covarrubias
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sergey Novitskiy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Igor Feoktistov
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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10
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Loi S, Dushyanthen S, Beavis PA, Salgado R, Denkert C, Savas P, Combs S, Rimm DL, Giltnane JM, Estrada MV, Sánchez V, Sanders ME, Cook RS, Pilkinton MA, Mallal SA, Wang K, Miller VA, Stephens PJ, Yelensky R, Doimi FD, Gómez H, Ryzhov SV, Darcy PK, Arteaga CL, Balko JM. RAS/MAPK Activation Is Associated with Reduced Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Therapeutic Cooperation Between MEK and PD-1/PD-L1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1499-509. [PMID: 26515496 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in the residual disease (RD) of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) are associated with improved survival, but insight into tumor cell-autonomous molecular pathways affecting these features are lacking. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed TILs in the RD of clinically and molecularly characterized TNBCs after NAC and explored therapeutic strategies targeting combinations of MEK inhibitors with PD-1/PD-L1-targeted immunotherapy in mouse models of breast cancer. RESULTS Presence of TILs in the RD was significantly associated with improved prognosis. Genetic or transcriptomic alterations in Ras-MAPK signaling were significantly correlated with lower TILs. MEK inhibition upregulated cell surface MHC expression and PD-L1 in TNBC cells both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, combined MEK and PD-L1/PD-1 inhibition enhanced antitumor immune responses in mouse models of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest the possibility that Ras-MAPK pathway activation promotes immune-evasion in TNBC, and support clinical trials combining MEK- and PD-L1-targeted therapies. Furthermore, Ras/MAPK activation and MHC expression may be predictive biomarkers of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherene Loi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
| | | | - Paul A Beavis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roberto Salgado
- Breast Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Institute Jules Bordet, Brussels, Department of Pathology, GZA Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Carsten Denkert
- Charité University and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Savas
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan Combs
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David L Rimm
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jennifer M Giltnane
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Monica V Estrada
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Violeta Sánchez
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Mark A Pilkinton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kai Wang
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Franco D Doimi
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), Lima, Perú
| | - Henry Gómez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (INEN), Lima, Perú
| | | | - Phillip K Darcy
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Justin M Balko
- Breast Cancer Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
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11
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Ryzhov SV, Pickup MW, Chytil A, Gorska AE, Zhang Q, Owens P, Feoktistov I, Moses HL, Novitskiy SV. Role of TGF-β signaling in generation of CD39+CD73+ myeloid cells in tumors. J Immunol 2014; 193:3155-64. [PMID: 25127858 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that generation of adenosine from ATP, which is mediated by the CD39/CD73 enzyme pair, predetermines immunosuppressive and proangiogenic properties of myeloid cells. We have previously shown that the deletion of the TGF-β type II receptor gene (Tgfbr2) expression in myeloid cells is associated with decreased tumor growth, suggesting protumorigenic effect of TGF-β signaling. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TGF-β drives differentiation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells into protumorigenic terminally differentiated myeloid mononuclear cells (TDMMCs) characterized by high levels of cell-surface CD39/CD73 expression. We found that TDMMCs represent a major cell subpopulation expressing high levels of both CD39 and CD73 in the tumor microenvironment. In tumors isolated from mice with spontaneous tumor formation of mammary gland and conditional deletion of the type II TGF-β receptor in mammary epithelium, an increased level of TGF-β protein was associated with further increase in number of CD39(+)CD73(+) TDMMCs compared with MMTV-PyMT/TGFβRII(WT) control tumors with intact TGF-β signaling. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated that the TGF-β signaling mediates maturation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells into TDMMCs with high levels of cell surface CD39/CD73 expression and adenosine-generating capacity. Disruption of TGF-β signaling in myeloid cells resulted in decreased accumulation of TDMMCs, expressing CD39 and CD73, and was accompanied by increased infiltration of T lymphocytes, reduced density of blood vessels, and diminished progression of both Lewis lung carcinoma and spontaneous mammary carcinomas. We propose that TGF-β signaling can directly induce the generation of CD39(+)CD73(+) TDMMCs, thus contributing to the immunosuppressive, proangiogenic, and tumor-promoting effects of this pleiotropic effector in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Ryzhov
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Michael W Pickup
- Cancer Biology Department, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Anna Chytil
- Cancer Biology Department, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Agnieszka E Gorska
- Cancer Biology Department, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Qinkun Zhang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Philip Owens
- Cancer Biology Department, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Igor Feoktistov
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Harold L Moses
- Cancer Biology Department, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Sergey V Novitskiy
- Cancer Biology Department, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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12
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Atochina-Vasserman EN, Biktasova A, Abramova E, Cheng DS, Polosukhin VV, Tanjore H, Takahashi S, Sonoda H, Foye L, Venkov C, Ryzhov SV, Novitskiy S, Shlonimskaya N, Ikeda M, Blackwell TS, Lawson WE, Gow AJ, Harris RC, Dikov MM, Tchekneva EE. Aquaporin 11 insufficiency modulates kidney susceptibility to oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 304:F1295-307. [PMID: 23486012 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00344.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 11 (AQP11) is a newly described member of the protein family of transport channels. AQP11 associates with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is highly expressed in proximal tubular epithelial cells in the kidney. Previously, we identified and characterized a recessive mutation of the highly conserved Cys227 to Ser227 in mouse AQP11 that caused proximal tubule (PT) injury and kidney failure in mutant mice. The current study revealed induction of ER stress, unfolded protein response, and apoptosis as molecular mechanisms of this PT injury. Cys227Ser mutation interfered with maintenance of AQP11 oligomeric structure. AQP11 is abundantly expressed in the S1 PT segment, a site of major renal glucose flux, and Aqp11 mutant mice developed PT-specific mitochondrial injury. Glucose increased AQP11 protein expression in wild-type kidney and upregulation of AQP11 expression by glucose in vitro was prevented by phlorizin, an inhibitor of sodium-dependent glucose transport across PT. Total AQP11 levels in heterozygotes were higher than in wild-type mice but were not further increased in response to glucose. In Aqp11 insufficient PT cells, glucose potentiated increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS production was also elevated in Aqp11 mutation carriers. Phenotypically normal mice heterozygous for the Aqp11 mutation repeatedly treated with glucose showed increased blood urea nitrogen levels that were prevented by the antioxidant sulforaphane or by phlorizin. Our results indicate an important role for AQP11 to prevent glucose-induced oxidative stress in proximal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N Atochina-Vasserman
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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13
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Babaev VR, Yancey PG, Ryzhov SV, Kon V, Breyer MD, Magnuson MA, Fazio S, Linton MF. Conditional knockout of macrophage PPARgamma increases atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 and low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:1647-53. [PMID: 15947238 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000173413.31789.1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is highly expressed in macrophage-derived foam cells of atherosclerotic lesions, and its expression may have a dramatic impact on atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the contribution of macrophage PPARgamma expression on atherogenesis in vivo, we generated macrophage-specific PPARgamma knockout (MacPPARgammaKO) mice. C57BL/6 and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-deficient (LDLR(-/-)) mice were reconstituted with MacPPARgammaKO or wild-type marrow and challenged with an atherogenic diet. No differences were found in serum lipids between recipients reconstituted with MacPPARgammaKO and wild-type marrow. In contrast, both C57BL/6 and LDLR(-/-) mice transplanted with MacPPARgammaKO marrow had significantly larger atherosclerotic lesions than control recipients. In addition, MacPPARgammaKO-->LDLR(-/-) mice had higher numbers of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions compared with controls. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from the MacPPARgammaKO mice had decreased uptake of oxidized but not acetylated LDL and showed no changes in either cholesterol efflux or inflammatory cytokine expression. Macrophages from MacPPARgammaKO mice had increased levels of migration and CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) expression compared with wild-type macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Thus, macrophage PPARgamma deficiency increases atherosclerosis under conditions of mild and severe hypercholesterolemia, indicating an antiatherogenic role for PPARgamma, which may be caused, at least in part, by modulation of CCR2 expression and monocyte recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir R Babaev
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6300, USA.
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14
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Il'inskikh EN, Lepekhin AV, Ryzhov SV, Il'inskikh IN, Il'inskikh NN. [Cytogenetic defects in lymphocytes of patients with chronic opisthorchiasis concurrent with Epstein-Barr virus persistence]. Med Parazitol (Mosk) 2001:3-7. [PMID: 11702457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Sixty three patients with chronic opisthorchiasis were cytogenetically, serologically, and biochemically studied. Most patients with opisthorchiasis were found to have higher or high titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr viral antigens. There was a direct correlation between the titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen and the count of cytogenetically damaged cells. The majority of opisthorchiasis patients with superinvasion, hepatic, pancreatic, and oropharyngeal diseases showed a great increase in the titers of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus antigens and a high persistence and in the cytogenetically damaged lymphocytes. Opisthorchiasis patients with high antibody titers to Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigens showed a considerable decrease in the parameters of the peripheral antioxidative system.
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