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Nakamura S, Yamamoto R, Matsuda T, Yasuda H, Nishinaka A, Takahashi K, Inoue Y, Kuromitsu S, Shimazawa M, Goto M, Narumiya S, Hara H. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1/5 selective agonist alleviates ocular vascular pathologies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9700. [PMID: 38678148 PMCID: PMC11055896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60540-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Ocular abnormal angiogenesis and edema are featured in several ocular diseases. S1P signaling via S1P1 likely is part of the negative feedback mechanism necessary to maintain vascular health. In this study, we conducted pharmacological experiments to determine whether ASP4058, a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1/5 (S1P1/5) agonist, is useful in abnormal vascular pathology in the eye. First, human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were examined using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced cell proliferation and hyperpermeability. ASP4058 showed high affinity and inhibited VEGF-induced proliferation and hyperpermeability of HRMECs. Furthermore, S1P1 expression and localization changes were examined in the murine laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model, a mouse model of exudative age-related macular degeneration, and the efficacy of ASP4058 was verified. In the CNV model mice, S1P1 tended to decrease in expression immediately after laser irradiation and colocalized with endothelial cells and Müller glial cells. Oral administration of ASP4058 also suppressed vascular hyperpermeability and CNV, and the effect was comparable to that of the intravitreal administration of aflibercept, an anti-VEGF drug. Next, efficacy was also examined in a retinal vein occlusion (RVO) model in which retinal vascular permeability was increased. ASP4058 dose-dependently suppressed the intraretinal edema. In addition, it suppressed the expansion of the perfusion area observed in the RVO model. ASP4058 also suppressed the production of VEGF in the eye. Collectively, ASP4058 can be a potential therapeutic agent that normalizes abnormal vascular pathology, such as age-related macular degeneration and RVO, through its direct action on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nakamura
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Rie Yamamoto
- Discovery Accelerator, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
- Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaya Matsuda
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., Yaizu, Japan
| | - Hiroto Yasuda
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Anri Nishinaka
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kei Takahashi
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Astellas Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Marlborough, MA, USA
| | - Sadao Kuromitsu
- Discovery Accelerator, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba, Japan
- Alliance Laboratory for Advanced Medical Research, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Shimazawa
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masahide Goto
- Astellas Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Marlborough, MA, USA
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
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Kume H, Harigane R, Rikimaru M. Involvement of Lysophospholipids in Pulmonary Vascular Functions and Diseases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:124. [PMID: 38255229 PMCID: PMC10813361 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular lysophospholipids (lysophosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingosine 1-phosphate, etc.), which are synthesized from phospholipids in the cell membrane, act as lipid mediators, and mediate various cellular responses in constituent cells in the respiratory system, such as contraction, proliferation, migration, and cytoskeletal organization. In addition to these effects, the expression of the adhesion molecules is enhanced by these extracellular lysophospholipids in pulmonary endothelial cells. These effects are exerted via specific G protein-coupled receptors. Rho, Ras, and phospholipase C (PLC) have been proven to be their signaling pathways, related to Ca2+ signaling due to Ca2+ dynamics and Ca2+ sensitization. Therefore, lysophospholipids probably induce pulmonary vascular remodeling through phenotype changes in smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, likely resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome due to vascular leak, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, lysophospholipids induce the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the lungs via the enhancement of adhesion molecules in endothelial cells, potentially leading to the development of asthma. These results demonstrate that lysophospholipids may be novel therapeutic targets not only for injury, fibrosis, and hypertension in the lung, but also for asthma. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of the effects of lysophospholipids on the respiratory system, and the possibility of precision medicine targeting lysophospholipids as treatable traits of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Kume
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Fukushima Medical University Aizu Medical Center, 21-2 Maeda, Tanisawa, Kawahigashi, Aizuwakamatsu City 969-3492, Fukushima, Japan; (R.H.); (M.R.)
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Association of the gut microbiome and metabolome with wheeze frequency in childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:325-336. [PMID: 35196534 PMCID: PMC9359927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the microbiome has an established role in asthma development, less is known about its contribution to morbidity in children with asthma. OBJECTIVE In this ancillary study of the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART), we analyzed the gut microbiome and metabolome of wheeze frequency in children with asthma. METHODS Bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA microbiome and untargeted metabolomic profiling were performed on fecal samples collected from 3-year-old children with parent-reported physician-diagnosed asthma. We analyzed wheeze frequency by calculating the proportion of quarterly questionnaires administered between ages 3 and 5 years in which parents reported the child had wheezed (wheeze proportion). Taxa and metabolites associated with wheeze were analyzed by identifying log fold changes with respect to wheeze frequency and correlation/linear regression analyses, respectively. Microbe-metabolite and microbe-microbe correlation networks were compared between subjects with high and low wheeze proportion. RESULTS Specific taxa, including the genus Veillonella and histidine pathway metabolites, were enriched in subjects with high wheeze proportion. Among wheeze-associated taxa, Veillonella and Oscillospiraceae UCG-005, which was inversely associated with wheeze, were correlated with the greatest number of fecal metabolites. Microbial networks were similar between subjects with low versus high wheeze frequency. CONCLUSION Gut microbiome features are associated with wheeze frequency in children with asthma, suggesting an impact of the gut microbiome on morbidity in childhood asthma.
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Emerging roles of lysophospholipids in health and disease. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101068. [PMID: 33068601 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are abundant and play essential roles in human health and disease. The main functions of lipids are building blocks for membrane biogenesis. However, lipids are also metabolized to produce signaling molecules. Here, we discuss the emerging roles of circulating lysophospholipids. These lysophospholipids consist of lysoglycerophospholipids and lysosphingolipids. They are both present in cells at low concentration, but their concentrations in extracellular fluids are significantly higher. The biological functions of some of these lysophospholipids have been recently revealed. Remarkably, some of the lysophospholipids play pivotal signaling roles as well as being precursors for membrane biogenesis. Revealing how circulating lysophospholipids are produced, released, transported, and utilized in multi-organ systems is critical to understand their functions. The discovery of enzymes, carriers, transporters, and membrane receptors for these lysophospholipids has shed light on their physiological significance. In this review, we summarize the biological roles of these lysophospholipids via discussing about the proteins regulating their functions. We also discuss about their potential impacts to human health and diseases.
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Patil MJ, Meeker S, Bautista D, Dong X, Undem BJ. Sphingosine-1-phosphate activates mouse vagal airway afferent C-fibres via S1PR3 receptors. J Physiol 2019; 597:2007-2019. [PMID: 30793318 DOI: 10.1113/jp277521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) strongly activates mouse vagal C-fibres in the airways. Airway-specific nodose and jugular C-fibre neurons express mRNA coding for the S1P receptor S1PR3. S1P activation of nodose C-fibres is inhibited by a S1PR3 antagonist. S1P activation of nodose C-fibres does not occur in S1PR3 knockout mice. ABSTRACT We evaluated the effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a lipid that is elevated during airway inflammatory conditions like asthma, for its ability to stimulate vagal afferent C-fibres in mouse lungs. Single cell RT-PCR on lung-specific vagal afferent neurons revealed that both TRPV1-expressing and TRPV1-non-expressing nodose neurons express mRNA coding for the S1P receptor S1PR3. TRPV1-expressing airway-specific jugular ganglion neurons also express S1PR3 mRNA. S1PR1 and S1PR2 mRNAs were also found to be expressed but only in a limited subset (32% and 22%, respectively) of airway-specific vagal sensory neurons; whereas S1PR4 and S1PR5 were rarely expressed. We used large scale two-photon imaging of the nodose ganglia from our ex vivo preparation isolated from Pirt-Cre;R26-GCaMP6s transgenic mice, which allows for simultaneous monitoring of calcium transients in ∼1000 neuronal cell bodies in the ganglia during tracheal perfusion with S1P (10 μM). We found that S1P in the lungs strongly activated 81.5% of nodose fibres, 70% of which were also activated by capsaicin. Single fibre electrophysiological recordings confirmed that S1P evoked action potential (AP) generation in a concentration-dependent manner (0.1-10 μM). Action potential generation by S1P in nodose C-fibres was effectively inhibited by the S1PR3 antagonist TY 52156 (10 μM). Finally, in S1PR3 knockout mice, S1P was not able to activate any of the airway nodose C-fibres analysed. These results support the hypothesis that S1P may play a role in evoking C-fibre-mediated airway sensations and reflexes that are associated with airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur J Patil
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sonya Meeker
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diana Bautista
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bradley J Undem
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Tayebati SK. Phospholipid and Lipid Derivatives as Potential Neuroprotective Compounds. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092257. [PMID: 30189584 PMCID: PMC6225353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide demographical trend is changing towards a more elderly population. In particular, this phenomenon is increasing the number of neurodegenerative disease cases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease) in advanced countries. Therefore, there is a fertile field for neuroprotective approaches to address this problem. A useful strategy to protect the membrane integrity of cells and reduce inflammatory processes. In this context, the neurons represent particularly vulnerable cells. Thus, a protection strategy should include their membrane preservation and improved anti-inflammatory processes. The contribution of phospholipid derivatives to this issue is crucial and many articles evidence their role in both health and disease. On the other hand, some lipids containing choline actively participate to increase the choline levels in the nervous system. It is acknowledged that the cholinergic system plays a pivotal role both in the central and in the peripheral nervous system. Neurons cannot synthesize choline, which is provided by the diet. The reuptake of ACh and its hydrolysis represent the principal source of choline. Therefore, to cover choline needs, choline-containing lipids may be used. There are different works which demonstrate their neuroprotective features This review article analyzes phospholipid and lipid derivatives that through different mechanisms are involved in these protective processes, although, sometimes the same molecules may behave as neurotoxic elements, therefore, their protective machinery should be detailed better.
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Piali L, Birker-Robaczewska M, Lescop C, Froidevaux S, Schmitz N, Morrison K, Kohl C, Rey M, Studer R, Vezzali E, Hess P, Clozel M, Steiner B, Bolli MH, Nayler O. Cenerimod, a novel selective S1P 1 receptor modulator with unique signaling properties. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 5. [PMID: 29226621 PMCID: PMC5723703 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1 ) modulators sequester circulating lymphocytes within lymph nodes, thereby preventing potentially pathogenic autoimmune cells from exiting into the blood stream and reaching inflamed tissues. S1P1 receptor modulation may thus offer potential to treat various autoimmune diseases. The first nonselective S1P1-5 receptor modulator FTY720/fingolimod/Gilenya® has successfully demonstrated clinical efficacy in relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. However, cardiovascular, hepatic, and respiratory side-effects were reported and there is a need for novel S1P1 receptor modulators with better safety profiles. Here, we describe the discovery of cenerimod, a novel, potent and selective S1P1 receptor modulator with unique S1P1 receptor signaling properties and absence of broncho- and vasoconstrictor effects ex vivo and in vivo. Cenerimod dose-dependently lowered circulating lymphocyte counts in rats and mice after oral administration and effectively attenuated disease parameters in a mouse experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE) model. Cenerimod has potential as novel therapy with improved safety profile for autoimmune diseases with high unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Piali
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Markus Rey
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Studer
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Patrick Hess
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Beat Steiner
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
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Kurata H, Kusumi K, Otsuki K, Suzuki R, Kurono M, Komiya T, Hagiya H, Mizuno H, Shioya H, Ono T, Takada Y, Maeda T, Matsunaga N, Kondo T, Tominaga S, Nunoya KI, Kiyoshi H, Komeno M, Nakade S, Habashita H. Discovery of a 1-Methyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalene-Based Sphingosine-1-Phosphate (S1P) Receptor Agonist Ceralifimod (ONO-4641). A S1P1 and S1P5 Selective Agonist for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9508-9530. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruto Kurata
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Kusumi
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Otsuki
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | - Masakuni Kurono
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hidekazu Kiyoshi
- Safety
Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 50-10 Yamagishi, Mikuni, Sakai, Fukui 913-8538, Japan
| | - Masaharu Komeno
- Safety
Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 50-10 Yamagishi, Mikuni, Sakai, Fukui 913-8538, Japan
| | | | - Hiromu Habashita
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-1-1 Sakurai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8585, Japan
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Lipid Mediators of Allergic Disease: Pathways, Treatments, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2017; 16:48. [PMID: 27333777 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-016-0628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive lipids are critical regulators of inflammation. Over the last 75 years, these diverse compounds have emerged as clinically-relevant mediators of allergic disease pathophysiology. Animal and human studies have demonstrated the importance of lipid mediators in the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, urticaria, anaphylaxis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. Lipids are critical participants in cell signaling events which influence key physiologic (bronchoconstriction) and immune phenomena (degranulation, chemotaxis, sensitization). Lipid-mediated cellular mechanisms including: (1) formation of structural support platforms (lipid rafts) for receptor signaling complexes, (2) activation of a diverse family of G-protein coupled receptors, and (3) mediating intracellular signaling cascades by acting as second messengers. Here, we review four classes of bioactive lipids (platelet activating factor, the leukotrienes, the prostanoids, and the sphingolipids) with special emphasis on lipid synthesis pathways and signaling, atopic disease pathology, and the ongoing development of atopy treatments targeting lipid mediator pathways.
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Mohammed S, Harikumar KB. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate: A Novel Target for Lung Disorders. Front Immunol 2017; 8:296. [PMID: 28352271 PMCID: PMC5348531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is involved in a wide range of cellular processes, which include proliferation, apoptosis, lymphocyte egress, endothelial barrier function, angiogenesis, and inflammation. S1P is produced by two isoenzymes, namely, sphingosine kinase 1 and 2 (SphK1 and 2) and once produced, S1P can act both in an autocrine and paracrine manner. S1P can be dephosphorylated back to sphingosine by two phosphatases (SGPP 1 and 2) or can be irreversibly cleaved by S1P lyase. S1P has a diverse range of functions, which is mediated in a receptor dependent, through G-protein coupled receptors (S1PR1-5) or receptor independent manner, through intracellular targets such as HDACs and TRAF2. The involvement of S1P signaling has been confirmed in various disease conditions including lung diseases. The SphK inhibitors and S1PR modulators are currently under clinical trials for different pathophysiological conditions. There is a significant effort in targeting various components of S1P signaling for several diseases. This review focuses on the ways in which S1P signaling can be therapeutically targeted in lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabira Mohammed
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology , Thiruvananthapuram , India
| | - K B Harikumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology , Thiruvananthapuram , India
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Park SJ, Im DS. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor Modulators and Drug Discovery. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2017; 25:80-90. [PMID: 28035084 PMCID: PMC5207465 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2016.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Initial discovery on sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) as an intracellular second messenger was faced unexpectedly with roles of S1P as a first messenger, which subsequently resulted in cloning of its G protein-coupled receptors, S1P1–5. The molecular identification of S1P receptors opened up a new avenue for pathophysiological research on this lipid mediator. Cellular and molecular in vitro studies and in vivo studies on gene deficient mice have elucidated cellular signaling pathways and the pathophysiological meanings of S1P receptors. Another unexpected finding that fingolimod (FTY720) modulates S1P receptors accelerated drug discovery in this field. Fingolimod was approved as a first-in-class, orally active drug for relapsing multiple sclerosis in 2010, and its applications in other disease conditions are currently under clinical trials. In addition, more selective S1P receptor modulators with better pharmacokinetic profiles and fewer side effects are under development. Some of them are being clinically tested in the contexts of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, such as, psoriasis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, liver failure, renal failure, acute stroke, and transplant rejection. In this review, the authors discuss the state of the art regarding the status of drug discovery efforts targeting S1P receptors and place emphasis on potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Park
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA) and College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a simple, bioactive sphingolipid metabolite, plays a key role, both intracellularly and extracellularly, in various cellular processes such as proliferation, survival, migration, inflammation, angiogenesis, and endothelial barrier integrity. The cellular S1P level is low and is tightly regulated by its synthesis and degradation. Sphingosine Kinases (SphKs) 1 and 2, catalyze the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of sphingosine to S1P, while the degradation is mediated by the reversible dephosphorylation catalyzed by the S1P phosphatases and lipid phosphate phosphatases and the irreversible degradation to hexadecenal and ethanolamine phosphate by sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (S1PL). As a ligand for specific G-protein-coupled receptors, S1P1-5, which are differentially expressed in different cell types, S1P generates downstream signals that play crucial role in developmental and disease related pathologies. In addition to acting extracellularly on receptors located on the plasma membrane, S1P can also act intracellularly, independently of S1P1-5, affecting calcium homeostasis and cell proliferation. The SphKs /S1P /S1PL metabolic pathway is implicated in numerous human pathologies including respiratory disorders, thereby raising the possibility that manipulating intracellular S1P levels could offer therapeutic potential in ameliorating lung diseases. This review focuses on the prospects of targeting S1P signaling and S1P metabolizing enzymes using small molecule inhibitors, receptor agonists, and antagonists in the treatment of lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Ebenezer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
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13
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Exploration of the Sphingolipid Metabolite, Sphingosine-1-phosphate and Sphingosine, as Novel Biomarkers for Aspirin-exacerbated Respiratory Disease. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36599. [PMID: 27830727 PMCID: PMC5103193 DOI: 10.1038/srep36599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipid (SL) metabolites have been suggested to be important inflammatory mediators in airway inflammation and asthma. However, little is known about SL metabolites in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). We aimed to explore the potential AERD biomarkers by conducting lipidomics targeting SL metabolites. The levels of SL metabolites in serum and urine samples from 45 AERD patients and 45 aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) patients were quantified through mass spectrometry. During the lysine-aspirin bronchoprovocation test (ASA-BPT), the levels of serum sphingomyelin (SM) were significantly decreased in AERD (P < 0.05) but not in ATA. The serum SM levels were positively correlated with airway responsiveness to methacholine. At the basal status before the ASA-BPT, the levels of serum sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and urine sphingosine were significantly higher in the AERD patients compared with that of ATA patients (P < 0.001) and were positively correlated with a greater decrease in FEV1 (%) values following the ASA-BPT test (P < 0.001 for each), and with serum periostin level (P < 0.05 for each). This study is the first to evaluate serum S1P and urine sphingosine as potential biomarkers of AERD as well as to examine the metabolic disturbance of SL in AERD patients.
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Chew WS, Wang W, Herr DR. To fingolimod and beyond: The rich pipeline of drug candidates that target S1P signaling. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:521-532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Jeffery DR, Rammohan KW, Hawker K, Fox E. Fingolimod: a review of its mode of action in the context of its efficacy and safety profile in relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother 2016; 16:31-44. [DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2016.1123094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Petrache I, Berdyshev EV. Ceramide Signaling and Metabolism in Pathophysiological States of the Lung. Annu Rev Physiol 2015; 78:463-80. [PMID: 26667073 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Following the discovery of ceramide as the central signaling and metabolic relay among sphingolipids, studies of its involvement in lung health and pathophysiology have exponentially increased. In this review, we highlight key studies in the context of recent progress in metabolomics and translational research methodologies. Evidence points toward an important role for the ceramide/sphingosine-1-phosphate rheostat in maintaining lung cell survival, vascular barrier function, and proper host response to airway microbial infections. Sphingosine kinase 1 has emerged as an important determinant of sphingosine-1-phosphate lung levels, which, when aberrantly high, contribute to lung fibrosis, maladaptive vascular remodeling, and allergic asthma. New sphingolipid metabolites have been discovered as potential biomarkers of several lung diseases. Although multiple acute and chronic lung pathological conditions involve perturbations in sphingolipid signaling and metabolism, there are specific patterns, unique sphingolipid species, enzymes, metabolites, and receptors, which have emerged that deepen our understanding of lung pathophysiology and inform the development of new therapies for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Petrache
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206; ,
| | - Evgeny V Berdyshev
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206; ,
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17
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Sanna MG, Vincent KP, Repetto E, Nguyen N, Brown SJ, Abgaryan L, Riley SW, Leaf NB, Cahalan SM, Kiosses WB, Kohno Y, Brown JH, McCulloch AD, Rosen H, Gonzalez-Cabrera PJ. Bitopic Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Receptor 3 (S1P3) Antagonist Rescue from Complete Heart Block: Pharmacological and Genetic Evidence for Direct S1P3 Regulation of Mouse Cardiac Conduction. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 89:176-86. [PMID: 26494861 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.100222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pharmacology of the G protein-coupled receptors for sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) provides important insight into established and new therapeutic targets. A new, potent bitopic S1P3 antagonist, SPM-354, with in vivo activity, has been used, together with S1P3-knockin and S1P3-knockout mice to define the spatial and functional properties of S1P3 in regulating cardiac conduction. We show that S1P3 is a key direct regulator of cardiac rhythm both in vivo and in isolated perfused hearts. 2-Amino-2-[2-(4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propane-1,3-diol in vivo and S1P in isolated hearts induced a spectrum of cardiac effects, ranging from sinus bradycardia to complete heart block, as measured by a surface electrocardiogram in anesthetized mice and in volume-conducted Langendorff preparations. The agonist effects on complete heart block are absent in S1P3-knockout mice and are reversed in wild-type mice with SPM-354, as characterized and described here. Homologous knockin of S1P3-mCherry is fully functional pharmacologically and is strongly expressed by immunohistochemistry confocal microscopy in Hyperpolarization Activated Cyclic Nucleotide Gated Potassium Channel 4 (HCN4)-positive atrioventricular node and His-Purkinje fibers, with relative less expression in the HCN4-positive sinoatrial node. In Langendorff studies, at constant pressure, SPM-354 restored sinus rhythm in S1P-induced complete heart block and fully reversed S1P-mediated bradycardia. S1P3 distribution and function in the mouse ventricular cardiac conduction system suggest a direct mechanism for heart block risk that should be further studied in humans. A richer understanding of receptor and ligand usage in the pacemaker cells of the cardiac system is likely to be useful in understanding ventricular conduction in health, disease, and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Germana Sanna
- Departments of Chemical Physiology (M.G.S., E.R., N.N., H.R., P.J.G.-C.), Immunology (N.B.L.), and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (S.M.C.), Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (S.J.B., L.A., S.W.R.), Microscopy Core (W.B.K.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, LTD, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.); and Departments of Bioengineering (A.D.M., K.P.V.) and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California (J.H.B.)
| | - Kevin P Vincent
- Departments of Chemical Physiology (M.G.S., E.R., N.N., H.R., P.J.G.-C.), Immunology (N.B.L.), and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (S.M.C.), Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (S.J.B., L.A., S.W.R.), Microscopy Core (W.B.K.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, LTD, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.); and Departments of Bioengineering (A.D.M., K.P.V.) and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California (J.H.B.)
| | - Emanuela Repetto
- Departments of Chemical Physiology (M.G.S., E.R., N.N., H.R., P.J.G.-C.), Immunology (N.B.L.), and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (S.M.C.), Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (S.J.B., L.A., S.W.R.), Microscopy Core (W.B.K.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, LTD, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.); and Departments of Bioengineering (A.D.M., K.P.V.) and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California (J.H.B.)
| | - Nhan Nguyen
- Departments of Chemical Physiology (M.G.S., E.R., N.N., H.R., P.J.G.-C.), Immunology (N.B.L.), and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (S.M.C.), Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (S.J.B., L.A., S.W.R.), Microscopy Core (W.B.K.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, LTD, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.); and Departments of Bioengineering (A.D.M., K.P.V.) and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California (J.H.B.)
| | - Steven J Brown
- Departments of Chemical Physiology (M.G.S., E.R., N.N., H.R., P.J.G.-C.), Immunology (N.B.L.), and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (S.M.C.), Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (S.J.B., L.A., S.W.R.), Microscopy Core (W.B.K.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, LTD, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.); and Departments of Bioengineering (A.D.M., K.P.V.) and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California (J.H.B.)
| | - Lusine Abgaryan
- Departments of Chemical Physiology (M.G.S., E.R., N.N., H.R., P.J.G.-C.), Immunology (N.B.L.), and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (S.M.C.), Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (S.J.B., L.A., S.W.R.), Microscopy Core (W.B.K.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, LTD, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.); and Departments of Bioengineering (A.D.M., K.P.V.) and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California (J.H.B.)
| | - Sean W Riley
- Departments of Chemical Physiology (M.G.S., E.R., N.N., H.R., P.J.G.-C.), Immunology (N.B.L.), and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (S.M.C.), Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (S.J.B., L.A., S.W.R.), Microscopy Core (W.B.K.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, LTD, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.); and Departments of Bioengineering (A.D.M., K.P.V.) and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California (J.H.B.)
| | - Nora B Leaf
- Departments of Chemical Physiology (M.G.S., E.R., N.N., H.R., P.J.G.-C.), Immunology (N.B.L.), and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (S.M.C.), Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (S.J.B., L.A., S.W.R.), Microscopy Core (W.B.K.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, LTD, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.); and Departments of Bioengineering (A.D.M., K.P.V.) and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California (J.H.B.)
| | - Stuart M Cahalan
- Departments of Chemical Physiology (M.G.S., E.R., N.N., H.R., P.J.G.-C.), Immunology (N.B.L.), and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (S.M.C.), Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (S.J.B., L.A., S.W.R.), Microscopy Core (W.B.K.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, LTD, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.); and Departments of Bioengineering (A.D.M., K.P.V.) and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California (J.H.B.)
| | - William B Kiosses
- Departments of Chemical Physiology (M.G.S., E.R., N.N., H.R., P.J.G.-C.), Immunology (N.B.L.), and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (S.M.C.), Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (S.J.B., L.A., S.W.R.), Microscopy Core (W.B.K.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, LTD, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.); and Departments of Bioengineering (A.D.M., K.P.V.) and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California (J.H.B.)
| | - Yasushi Kohno
- Departments of Chemical Physiology (M.G.S., E.R., N.N., H.R., P.J.G.-C.), Immunology (N.B.L.), and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (S.M.C.), Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (S.J.B., L.A., S.W.R.), Microscopy Core (W.B.K.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, LTD, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.); and Departments of Bioengineering (A.D.M., K.P.V.) and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California (J.H.B.)
| | - Joan Heller Brown
- Departments of Chemical Physiology (M.G.S., E.R., N.N., H.R., P.J.G.-C.), Immunology (N.B.L.), and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (S.M.C.), Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (S.J.B., L.A., S.W.R.), Microscopy Core (W.B.K.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, LTD, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.); and Departments of Bioengineering (A.D.M., K.P.V.) and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California (J.H.B.)
| | - Andrew D McCulloch
- Departments of Chemical Physiology (M.G.S., E.R., N.N., H.R., P.J.G.-C.), Immunology (N.B.L.), and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (S.M.C.), Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (S.J.B., L.A., S.W.R.), Microscopy Core (W.B.K.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, LTD, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.); and Departments of Bioengineering (A.D.M., K.P.V.) and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California (J.H.B.)
| | - Hugh Rosen
- Departments of Chemical Physiology (M.G.S., E.R., N.N., H.R., P.J.G.-C.), Immunology (N.B.L.), and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (S.M.C.), Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (S.J.B., L.A., S.W.R.), Microscopy Core (W.B.K.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, LTD, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.); and Departments of Bioengineering (A.D.M., K.P.V.) and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California (J.H.B.)
| | - Pedro J Gonzalez-Cabrera
- Departments of Chemical Physiology (M.G.S., E.R., N.N., H.R., P.J.G.-C.), Immunology (N.B.L.), and Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (S.M.C.), Scripps Research Institute Molecular Screening Center (S.J.B., L.A., S.W.R.), Microscopy Core (W.B.K.), Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company, LTD, Tokyo, Japan (Y.K.); and Departments of Bioengineering (A.D.M., K.P.V.) and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, California (J.H.B.)
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18
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Stone ML, Sharma AK, Zhao Y, Charles EJ, Huerter ME, Johnston WF, Kron IL, Lynch KR, Laubach VE. Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 agonism attenuates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L1245-52. [PMID: 25910934 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00302.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Outcomes for lung transplantation are the worst of any solid organ, and ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) limits both short- and long-term outcomes. Presently no therapeutic agents are available to prevent IRI. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) modulates immune function through binding to a set of G protein-coupled receptors (S1PR1-5). Although S1P has been shown to attenuate lung IRI, the S1P receptors responsible for protection have not been defined. The present study tests the hypothesis that protection from lung IRI is primarily mediated through S1PR1 activation. Mice were treated with either vehicle, FTY720 (a nonselective S1P receptor agonist), or VPC01091 (a selective S1PR1 agonist and S1PR3 antagonist) before left lung IR. Function, vascular permeability, cytokine expression, neutrophil infiltration, and myeloperoxidase levels were measured in lungs. After IR, both FTY720 and VPC01091 significantly improved lung function (reduced pulmonary artery pressure and increased pulmonary compliance) vs. vehicle control. In addition, FTY720 and VPC01091 significantly reduced vascular permeability, expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-17, IL-12/IL-23 p40, CC chemokine ligand-2, and TNF-α), myeloperoxidase levels, and neutrophil infiltration compared with control. No significant differences were observed between VPC01091 and FTY720 treatment groups. VPC01091 did not significantly affect elevated invariant natural killer T cell infiltration after IR, and administration of an S1PR1 antagonist reversed VPC01091-mediated protection after IR. In conclusion, VPC01091 and FTY720 provide comparable protection from lung injury and dysfunction after IR. These findings suggest that S1P-mediated protection from IRI is mediated by S1PR1 activation, independent of S1PR3, and that selective S1PR1 agonists may provide a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent lung IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Stone
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Ashish K Sharma
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Yunge Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Eric J Charles
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Mary E Huerter
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - William F Johnston
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Irving L Kron
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | - Kevin R Lynch
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Victor E Laubach
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
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19
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The sphingosine-1-phosphate/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 axis regulates early airway T-cell infiltration in murine mast cell-dependent acute allergic responses. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 135:1008-1018.e1. [PMID: 25512083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid produced by mast cells (MCs) on cross-linking of their high-affinity receptors for IgE by antigen that can amplify MC responses by binding to its S1P receptors. An acute MC-dependent allergic reaction can lead to systemic shock, but the early events of its development in lung tissues have not been investigated, and S1P functions in the onset of allergic processes remain to be examined. OBJECTIVE We used a highly specific neutralizing anti-S1P antibody (mAb) and the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) antagonist JTE-013 to study the signaling contributions of S1P and S1PR2 to MC- and IgE-dependent airway allergic responses in mice within minutes after antigen challenge. METHODS Allergic reaction was triggered by a single intraperitoneal dose of antigen in sensitized mice pretreated intraperitoneally with anti-S1P, isotype control mAb, JTE-013, or vehicle before antigen challenge. RESULTS Kinetics experiments revealed early pulmonary infiltration of mostly T cells around blood vessels of sensitized mice 20 minutes after antigen exposure. Pretreatment with anti-S1P mAb inhibited in vitro MC activation, as well as in vivo development of airway infiltration and MC activation, reducing serum levels of histamine, cytokines, and the chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein 1/CCL2, macrophage inflammatory protein 1α/CCL3, and RANTES/CCL5. S1PR2 antagonism or deficiency or MC deficiency recapitulated these results. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated MC S1PR2 dependency for chemokine release and the necessity for signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation. CONCLUSION Activation of S1PR2 by S1P and downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling in MCs regulate early T-cell recruitment to antigen-challenged lungs through chemokine production.
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20
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Yamamoto R, Okada Y, Hirose J, Koshika T, Kawato Y, Maeda M, Saito R, Hattori K, Harada H, Nagasaka Y, Morokata T. ASP4058, a novel agonist for sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors 1 and 5, ameliorates rodent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with a favorable safety profile. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110819. [PMID: 25347187 PMCID: PMC4210206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a biologically active sphingolipid that acts through the members of a family of five G protein-coupled receptors (S1P1-S1P5). S1P1 is a major regulator of lymphocyte trafficking, and fingolimod, whose active metabolite fingolimod phosphate acts as a nonselective S1P receptor agonist, exerts its immunomodulatory effect, at least in part, by regulating the lymphocyte trafficking by inducing down regulation of lymphocyte S1P1. Here, we detail the pharmacological profile of 5-{5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-{[(2S)-1,1,1-trifluoropropan-2-yl]oxy}phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl}-1H-benzimidazole (ASP4058), a novel next-generation S1P receptor agonist selective for S1P1 and S1P5. ASP4058 preferentially activates S1P1 and S1P5 compared with S1P2, 3, 4 in GTPγS binding assays in vitro. Oral administration of ASP4058 reduced the number of peripheral lymphocytes and inhibited the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. Further, ASP4058 prevented relapse of disease in a mouse model of relapsing-remitting EAE. Although these immunomodulatory effects were comparable to those of fingolimod, ASP4058 showed a wider safety margin than fingolimod for bradycardia and bronchoconstriction in rodents. These observations suggest that ASP4058 represents a new therapeutic option for treating multiple sclerosis that is safer than nonselective S1P receptor agonists such as fingolimod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Yamamoto
- Tsukuba Research Center, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Youhei Okada
- Tsukuba Research Center, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jun Hirose
- Tsukuba Research Center, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadatsura Koshika
- Tsukuba Research Center, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawato
- Tsukuba Research Center, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masashi Maeda
- Tsukuba Research Center, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rika Saito
- Kashima R&D Center, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hattori
- Tsukuba Research Center, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hironori Harada
- Tsukuba Research Center, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Nagasaka
- Tsukuba Research Center, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Morokata
- Tsukuba Research Center, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
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21
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Population of sensory neurons essential for asthmatic hyperreactivity of inflamed airways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:11515-20. [PMID: 25049382 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411032111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a common debilitating inflammatory lung disease affecting over 200 million people worldwide. Here, we investigated neurogenic components involved in asthmatic-like attacks using the ovalbumin-sensitized murine model of the disease, and identified a specific population of neurons that are required for airway hyperreactivity. We show that ablating or genetically silencing these neurons abolished the hyperreactive broncho-constrictions, even in the presence of a fully developed lung inflammatory immune response. These neurons are found in the vagal ganglia and are characterized by the expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) ion channel. However, the TRPV1 channel itself is not required for the asthmatic-like hyperreactive airway response. We also demonstrate that optogenetic stimulation of this population of TRP-expressing cells with channelrhodopsin dramatically exacerbates airway hyperreactivity of inflamed airways. Notably, these cells express the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3), and stimulation with a S1PR3 agonist efficiently induced broncho-constrictions, even in the absence of ovalbumin sensitization and inflammation. Our results show that the airway hyperreactivity phenotype can be physiologically dissociated from the immune component, and provide a platform for devising therapeutic approaches to asthma that target these pathways separately.
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22
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Maceyka M, Spiegel S. Sphingolipid metabolites in inflammatory disease. Nature 2014; 510:58-67. [PMID: 24899305 DOI: 10.1038/nature13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 884] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are ubiquitous building blocks of eukaryotic cell membranes. Progress in our understanding of sphingolipid metabolism, state-of-the-art sphingolipidomic approaches and animal models have generated a large body of evidence demonstrating that sphingolipid metabolites, particularly ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, are signalling molecules that regulate a diverse range of cellular processes that are important in immunity, inflammation and inflammatory disorders. Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of sphingolipid metabolites and new perspectives on their roles in regulating chronic inflammation have been reported. The knowledge gained in this emerging field will aid in the development of new therapeutic options for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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23
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van Rossum JA, Looysen EE, Daniels JMA, Killestein J. Fingolimod-induced asthma deterioration in a patient with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2014; 20:1792-3. [PMID: 24866203 DOI: 10.1177/1352458514531844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A van Rossum
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E E Looysen
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J M A Daniels
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Killestein
- MS Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Cruz-Orengo L, Daniels BP, Dorsey D, Basak SA, Grajales-Reyes JG, McCandless EE, Piccio L, Schmidt RE, Cross AH, Crosby SD, Klein RS. Enhanced sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 expression underlies female CNS autoimmunity susceptibility. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2571-84. [PMID: 24812668 DOI: 10.1172/jci73408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the CNS that is characterized by BBB dysfunction and has a much higher incidence in females. Compared with other strains of mice, EAE in the SJL mouse strain models multiple features of MS, including an enhanced sensitivity of female mice to disease; however, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the sex- and strain-dependent differences in disease susceptibility have not been described. We identified sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) as a sex- and strain-specific, disease-modifying molecule that regulates BBB permeability by destabilizing adherens junctions. S1PR2 expression was increased in disease-susceptible regions of the CNS of both female SJL EAE mice and female patients with MS compared with their male counterparts. Pharmacological blockade or lack of S1PR2 signaling decreased EAE disease severity as the result of enhanced endothelial barrier function. Enhanced S1PR2 signaling in an in vitro BBB model altered adherens junction formation via activation of Rho/ROCK, CDC42, and caveolin endocytosis-dependent pathways, resulting in loss of apicobasal polarity and relocation of abluminal CXCL12 to vessel lumina. Furthermore, S1PR2-dependent BBB disruption and CXCL12 relocation were observed in vivo. These results identify a link between S1PR2 signaling and BBB polarity and implicate S1PR2 in sex-specific patterns of disease during CNS autoimmunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity/genetics
- Blood-Brain Barrier/immunology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Central Nervous System/metabolism
- Central Nervous System/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Multiple Sclerosis/etiology
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/deficiency
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/genetics
- Receptors, Lysosphingolipid/metabolism
- Sex Characteristics
- Species Specificity
- Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptors
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25
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Brossard P, Scherz M, Halabi A, Maatouk H, Krause A, Dingemanse J. Multiple-dose tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ponesimod, an S1P1 receptor modulator: favorable impact of dose up-titration. J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 54:179-88. [PMID: 24408162 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This multiple-ascending-dose study investigated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ponesimod, an S1P1 receptor modulator and a potential new treatment for autoimmune diseases. In part A, 10 healthy male and female subjects received once daily oral doses of ponesimod (5, 10, or 20 mg) or placebo for 7 days. Sinus bradycardia and, in some subjects, atrioventricular (AV) block occurred primarily on the first day of dosing, as desensitization developed to ponesimod-induced heart rate (HR) reduction and PR-prolongation. This elicited the design of an up-titration schedule in 17 subjects to a dose of 40 mg in part B. The up-titration regimen reduced HR and PQ/PR effects. Reported adverse events were mainly related to the cardiac and respiratory systems. Respiratory effects increased with higher doses. Ponesimod multiple-dose pharmacokinetics were slightly more than dose-proportional and characterized by a time to maximum concentration and an elimination half-life varying from 2.5 to 4.0 hours and 30.9 to 33.5 hours, respectively, and an accumulation of about 2.3-fold. Ponesimod caused a dose-dependent sustained decrease in total lymphocyte count, reversible within 7 days of discontinuation. A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model enabled comparing day 1 and steady-state conditions. These results warrant further investigation of ponesimod in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Brossard
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
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Cai A, Schlunk F, Bohmann F, Kashefiolasl S, Brunkhorst R, Foerch C, Pfeilschifter W. Coadministration of FTY720 and rt-PA in an experimental model of large hemispheric stroke-no influence on functional outcome and blood-brain barrier disruption. EXPERIMENTAL & TRANSLATIONAL STROKE MEDICINE 2013; 5:11. [PMID: 24499647 PMCID: PMC4029477 DOI: 10.1186/2040-7378-5-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is the standard of acute stroke care. Its potential to increase the risk of secondary intracerebral hemorrhage, especially if administered late, has been ascribed to its proteolytic activity that has detrimental effects on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity after stroke. FTY720 has been shown to protect endothelial barriers in several disease models such as endotoxin-induced pulmonary edema and therefore is a promising candidate to counteract the deleterious effects of rt-PA. Besides that, every putative neuroprotectant that will be eventually forwarded into clinical trials should be tested in conjunction with rt-PA. METHODS We subjected C57Bl/6 mice to 3 h filament-induced tMCAO and postoperatively randomized them into four groups (n = 18/group) who received the following treatments directly prior to reperfusion: 1) vehicle-treatment, 2) FTY720 1 mg/kg i.p., 3) rt-PA 10 mg/kg i.v. or 4) FTY720 and rt-PA as a combination therapy. We measured functional neurological outcome, BBB disruption by quantification of EB extravasation and MMP-9 activity by gelatin zymography. RESULTS We observed a noticeable increase in mortality in the rt-PA/FTY720 cotreatment group (61%) as compared to the vehicle (33%), the FTY720 (39%) and the rt-PA group (44%). Overall, functional neurological outcome did not differ significantly between groups and FTY720 had no effect on rt-PA- and stroke-induced BBB disruption and MMP-9 activation. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that FTY720 does not improve functional outcome and BBB integrity in large hemispheric infarctions, neither alone nor in conjunction with rt-PA. These findings stand in contrast to a recently published study that showed beneficial effects of FTY720 in combination with thrombolysis in a thrombotic model of MCAO leading to circumscript cortical infarctions. They might therefore represent a caveat that the coadministration of these two drugs might lead to excess mortality in the setting of a severe stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Waltraud Pfeilschifter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
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