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Yang HQ, Li ZW, Dong XX, Zhang JX, Shan J, Wang MJ, Yang J, Li MH, Wang J, Zhao HM. Vinpocetine alleviates the abdominal aortic aneurysm progression via VSMCs SIRT1-p21 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024:10.1038/s41401-024-01358-w. [PMID: 39179867 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-024-01358-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative disease that caused mortality in people aged >65. Senescence plays a critical role in AAA pathogenesis. Advances in AAA repair techniques have occurred, but a remaining priority is therapies to limit AAA growth and rupture. Our Previous study found cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C (PDE1C) exacerbate AAA through aggravate vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) senescence by downregulating Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) expression and activity. Vinpocetine as a selective inhibitor of PDE1 and a clinical medication for cerebral vasodilation, it is unclear whether vinpocetine can rely on SIRT1 to alleviate AAA. This study showed that pre-treatment with vinpocetine remarkably prevented aneurysmal dilation and reduced aortic rupture in elastase-induced AAA mice. In addition, the elastin degradation, MMP (matrix metalloproteinase) activity, macrophage infiltration, ROS production, collagen fibers remodeling, and VSMCs senescence were decreased in AAA treated with vinpocetine. While these effects were unable to exert in VSMCs-specific SIRT1 knockout AAA mice. Accordingly, we revealed that vinpocetine suppressed migration, proliferation, and senescence in VSMCs. Moreover, vinpocetine reduced SIRT1 degradation by inhibiting lysosome-mediated autophagy. In conclusion, this study indicated that vinpocetine may be as a potential drug for therapy AAA through alleviate VSMCs senescence via the SIRT1-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qin Yang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Xi-Xi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jia-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Jin Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Min-Jie Wang
- Medical Experimental Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Chilechuan dairy economic development zone, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Hong-Mei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe, and Rare Diseases, Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100005, China.
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Abu-Alghayth MH, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Bahaa MM, Afifi M, Al-Farga A, Wahsh E, Batiha GES. Atheroprotective role of vinpocetine: an old drug with new indication. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01529-5. [PMID: 39141151 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is considered one of the main causes of atherosclerosis and elevated blood pressure. Atherosclerosis (AS) formation is enhanced by different mechanisms including cytokine generation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and migration. One of the recent treatment toward endothelial dysfunction is vinpocetine (VPN). VPN is an ethyl apovincaminate used in the management of different cerebrovascular disorders and endothelial dysfunction through inhibition of atherosclerosis formation. VPN is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase enzyme 1 (PDE1) as well it has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through inhibition of the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). VPN has been shown to be effective against development and progression of AS. However, the underlying molecular mechanism was not fully clarified. Consequently, objective of the present narrative review was to clarify the mechanistic role of VPN in AS. Most of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from macrophages are inhibited by the action of VPN via NF-κB-dependent mechanism. VPN blocks monocyte adhesion and migration by inhibiting the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. As well, VPN is effective in reducing oxidative stress, a cornerstone in the pathogenesis of AS, through inhibition of NF-κB and PDE1. VPN promotes plaque stability and prevent erosion and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. In conclusion, VPN through mitigation of inflammatory and oxidative stress with plaque stability effects could be effective agent in the management of endothelial dysfunction through inhibition of atherosclerosis mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Abu-Alghayth
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 255, 67714, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh-Ludhiana highway, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Research and Development, Funogen, 11741, Athens, Greece
- Department of Research and Development, AFNP Med, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, University of Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Mostafa M Bahaa
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Afifi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Al-Farga
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Wahsh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Arish Campus, Arish, 45511, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
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3
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Erciyes D, Bora ES, Tekindal MA, Erbaş O. Demonstration of the Protective Effect of Vinpocetine in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4637. [PMID: 39200779 PMCID: PMC11354616 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) poses a significant risk for heart failure in individuals with diabetes, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Elevated blood sugar levels initiate harmful processes, including apoptosis, collagen accumulation, and fibrosis in the heart. Vinpocetine, a derivative of Vinca minor L., has demonstrated diverse pharmacological effects, including vasodilation, anti-inflammatory properties, and enhanced cellular metabolism. This study aims to investigate Vinpocetine's protective and remodeling effects in diabetic cardiomyopathy by evaluating biochemical and histopathological parameters. Methods: Twenty-one adult male Wistar rats were induced with diabetes using streptozocin and divided into Diabetes and Diabetes + Vinpocetine groups. Histopathological analyses, TGF-β1 immunoexpression, and measurements of plasma markers (TGF-β, pro-BNP, Troponin T) were performed. Biochemical analyses included HIF-1 alpha and neuregulin-1β quantification and evaluation of lipid peroxidation. Results: Vinpocetine significantly reduced cardiac muscle thickness, TGF-β1 expression, and plasma in diabetic rats. HIF-1 alpha and neuregulin-1β levels increased with Vinpocetine treatment. Histopathological observations confirmed reduced fibrosis and structural abnormalities in Vinpocetine-treated hearts. Conclusions: This study provides comprehensive evidence supporting the protective effects of Vinpocetine against diabetic cardiomyopathy. Vinpocetine treatment improved cardiac morphology, immunohistochemistry, and modulation of biochemical markers, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic intervention to attenuate the negative impact of diabetes on heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Erciyes
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroğlu Bilim University, 34394 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Ejder Saylav Bora
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Çelebi University, 35620 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Agah Tekindal
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir Katip Çelebi Unıversity, 35620 Izmir, Türkiye;
| | - Oytun Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Demiroğlu Bilim University, 34394 Istanbul, Türkiye;
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Alshehri AA, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Jawad SF, Khawagi WY, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Assiri AA, Elhadad H, El-Saber Batiha G. The anti-inflammatory properties of vinpocetine mediates its therapeutic potential in management of atherosclerosis. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:19. [PMID: 38858751 PMCID: PMC11165849 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00394-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) formation is enhanced by different mechanisms including cytokine generation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and migration. One of the recent treatments towards endothelial dysfunction and AS is Vinpocetine (VPN). VPN is a potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase enzyme 1 (PDE-1) and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects through inhibition the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). VPN has been shown to be effective against the development and progression of AS. However, the underlying molecular mechanism was not fully clarified. Consequently, objective of the present review was to discuss the mechanistic role of VPN in the pathogenesis AS. Most of pro-inflammatory cytokines that released from macrophages are inhibited by action of VPN through NF-κB-dependent mechanism. VPN blocks monocyte adhesion and migration by constraining the expression and action of pro-inflammatory cytokines. As well, VPN is effective in reducing of oxidative stress a cornerstone in the pathogenesis of AS through inhibition of NF-κB and PDE1. VPN promotes plaque stability and prevents the erosion and rupture of atherosclerotic plaque. In conclusion, VPN through mitigation of inflammatory and oxidative stress, and improvement of plaque stability effects could be effective agent in the management of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Alshehri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al Huwaya, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Jabir ibn Hayyan Medical University, PO.Box13, Al-Ameer Qu./Najaf, Iraq
| | - Sabrean F Jawad
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Wael Y Khawagi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al Huwaya, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
- AFNP Med, Wien, 1030, Austria
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, 11741, Greece
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, Universityof Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Abdullah A Assiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University Abha, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Elhadad
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, 22511, Egypt
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5
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Abdelrahman RS, Nashar EME, Alghamdi MA, Al-Khater KM, Taha RI. Phosphodiesterase1 inhibitor "Vinpocetine" ameliorates the inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide in urinary bladder: an experimental study. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:129-139. [PMID: 35817991 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03246-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic cystitis often develops in patients treated with cyclophosphamide (CP). Vincamine (vinca alkaloid) is the source of the synthetic derivative vinpocetine (Vinpo). Worldwide, Vinpo is used as a cerebroprotective drug. As it has anti-oxidant, anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects but the power of Vinpo to prevent CP induced cystitis has not been studied. AIM OF STUDY This research was planned to explore the effect of Vinpo (10-30 mg/kg, orally) administered 1 or 4 h before inducing cystitis by CP injection (300 mg/kg, i.p.) on the urinary bladder of mice. RESULTS Administration of Vinpo 30 mg/kg, 4 h before CP injection ameliorated inflammatory markers. It reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), and BCL2 Associated X (Bax) expression in the bladder and increased the total antioxidant capacity level. Histological examination of the bladder has further supported these results. The present study suggests a protective effect of Vinpo (30 mg/kg, 4 h before CP injection) against CP-induced bladder inflammation. CONCLUSION This proposes that Vinpo 30 mg/kg may become a promising pharmacological drug to prevent urinary adverse effects in patients treated with chemotherapy using CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab Sabri Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al-Munawwarah, Riyadh, 30001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Mohamad El Nashar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, King Khalid University Post Office Box: 960, Abha, Postal Code: 61421, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology College of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
| | - Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
- Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulood Mohammed Al-Khater
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Ismail Taha
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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6
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Vinpocetine is the forthcoming adjuvant agent in the management of COVID-19. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO797. [PMID: 35662743 PMCID: PMC9017700 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinpocetine (VPN) is an alkaloid derivative of vincamine inhibits phosphodiesterase type 1 that increase cyclic guanosine monophosphate and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. VPN have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects with suppression release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, VPN mitigates oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory reactions through inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Therefore, VPN may decrease hyper-inflammation-induced acute lung injury in COVID-19 through modulation of NF-κB pathway. Taken together, VPN has pulmonary and extra-pulmonary protective effects against COVID-19 through mitigation of OS and hyperinflammation. In conclusion, VPN has noteworthy anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects through inhibition of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway so, it may reduce SARS-CoV-2-induced hyper inflammatory and OS. Vinpocetine (VPN) is an alkaloid from vincamine with a potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. VPN has the possibility of inhibiting substances that cause inflammation and oxidative stress and as a result, may be beneficial in COVID-19 treatment. Due to the anti-inflammatory effect of VPN, acute lung injury in COVID-19 may reduce as a result of the inhibition of agent that causes lungs inflammation in COVID-19. VPN may have potential to reduce difficulty in breathing and damage to the lungs. Conclusively, VPN when administered with other therapy may improve the outcome of treatment of COVID-19.
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7
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Ryu JW, Jung IH, Park EY, Kim KH, Kim K, Yeom J, Jung J, Lee SW. Radiation-induced C-reactive protein triggers apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells through ROS interfering with the STAT3/Ref-1 complex. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2104-2118. [PMID: 35178859 PMCID: PMC8980952 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to normal tissue can occur over a long period after cancer radiotherapy. Free radical by radiation can initiate or accelerate chronic inflammation, which can lead to atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferate in response to JAK/STAT3 signalling. C-reactive protein (CRP) can induce VSMCs apoptosis via triggering NADPH oxidase (NOX). Apoptotic VSMCs promote instability and inflammation of atherosclerotic lesions. Herein, we identified a VSMCs that switched from proliferation to apoptosis through was enhanced by radiation-induced CRP. NOX inhibition using lentiviral sh-p22phox prevented apoptosis upon radiation-induced CRP. CRP overexpression reduced the amount of STAT3/Ref-1 complex, decreased JAK/STAT phosphorylation and formed a new complex of Ref-1/CRP in VSMC. Apoptosis of VSMCs was further increased by CRP co-overexpressed with Ref-1. Functional inhibition of NOX or p53 also prevented apoptotic activity of the CRP-Ref-1 complex. Immunofluorescence showed co-localization of CRP, Ref-1 and p53 with α-actin-positive VSMC in human atherosclerotic plaques. In conclusion, radiation-induced CRP increased the VSMCs apoptosis through Ref-1, which dissociated the STAT3/Ref-1 complex, interfered with JAK/STAT3 activity, and interacted with CRP-Ref-1, thus resulting in transcription-independent cell death via p53. Targeting CRP as a vascular side effect of radiotherapy could be exploited to improve curability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Won Ryu
- Department of Convergence Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hye Jung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gang Neung Asan Medical Center, Ganneung-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Convergence Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Department of Convergence Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghun Yeom
- Department of Convergence Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhong Jung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hu W, Wu X, Jin Z, Wang Z, Guo Q, Chen Z, Zhu S, Zhang H, Huo J, Zhang L, Zhou X, Yang L, Xu H, Shi L, Wang Y. Andrographolide Promotes Interaction Between Endothelin-Dependent EDNRA/EDNRB and Myocardin-SRF to Regulate Pathological Vascular Remodeling. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:783872. [PMID: 35127859 PMCID: PMC8810813 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.783872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pathological vascular remodeling is a hallmark of various vascular diseases. Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching plays a pivotal role during pathological vascular remodeling. The mechanism of how to regulate SMC phenotypic switching still needs to be defined. This study aims to investigate the effect of Andrographolide, a key principle isolated from Andrographis paniculate, on pathological vascular remodeling and its underlying mechanism. Methods A C57/BL6 mouse left carotid artery complete ligation model and rat SMCs were used to determine whether Andrographolide is critical in regulating SMC phenotypic switching. Quantitative real-time PCR, a CCK8 cell proliferation assay, BRDU incorporation assay, Boyden chamber migration assay, and spheroid sprouting assay were performed to evaluate whether Andrographolide suppresses SMC proliferation and migration. Immunohistochemistry staining, immunofluorescence staining, and protein co-immunoprecipitation were used to observe the interaction between EDNRA, EDNRB, and Myocardin-SRF. Results Andrographolide inhibits neointimal hyperplasia in the left carotid artery complete ligation model. Andrographolide regulates SMC phenotypic switching characterized by suppressing proliferation and migration. Andrographolide activates the endothelin signaling pathway exhibited by dramatically inducing EDNRA and EDNRB expression. The interaction between EDNRA/EDNRB and Myocardin-SRF resulted in promoting SMC differentiation marker gene expression. Conclusion Andrographolide plays a critical role in regulating pathological vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangming Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong Jin
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiru Guo
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zixian Chen
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Song Zhu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Haidi Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Huo
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangqing Shi
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Wang ;
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9
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Cai Y, Wang XL, Lu J, Lin X, Dong J, Guzman RJ. Salt-Inducible Kinase 3 Promotes Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Arterial Restenosis by Regulating AKT and PKA-CREB Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2431-2451. [PMID: 34196217 PMCID: PMC8411910 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective Arterial restenosis is the pathological narrowing of arteries after endovascular procedures, and it is an adverse event that causes patients to experience recurrent occlusive symptoms. Following angioplasty, vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) change their phenotype, migrate, and proliferate, resulting in neointima formation, a hallmark of arterial restenosis. SIKs (salt-inducible kinases) are a subfamily of the AMP-activated protein kinase family that play a critical role in metabolic diseases including hepatic lipogenesis and glucose metabolism. Their role in vascular pathological remodeling, however, has not been explored. In this study, we aimed to understand the role and regulation of SIK3 in vascular SMC migration, proliferation, and neointima formation. Approach and Results We observed that SIK3 expression was low in contractile aortic SMCs but high in proliferating SMCs. It was also highly induced by growth medium in vitro and in neointimal lesions in vivo. Inactivation of SIKs significantly attenuated vascular SMC proliferation and up-regulated p21CIP1 and p27KIP1. SIK inhibition also suppressed SMC migration and modulated actin polymerization. Importantly, we found that inhibition of SIKs reduced neointima formation and vascular inflammation in a femoral artery wire injury model. In mechanistic studies, we demonstrated that inactivation of SIKs mainly suppressed SMC proliferation by down-regulating AKT (protein kinase B) and PKA (protein kinase A)-CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) signaling. CRTC3 (CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivator 3) signaling likely contributed to SIK inactivation-mediated antiproliferative effects. Conclusions These findings suggest that SIK3 may play a critical role in regulating SMC proliferation, migration, and arterial restenosis. This study provides insights into SIK inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating restenosis in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CREB-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Constriction, Pathologic
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21/metabolism
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Femoral Artery/enzymology
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Vascular System Injuries/drug therapy
- Vascular System Injuries/enzymology
- Vascular System Injuries/genetics
- Vascular System Injuries/pathology
- Mice
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Cai
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Xue-Lin Wang
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Jinny Lu
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Xin Lin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jonathan Dong
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Raul J Guzman
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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Vinpocetine protects against the development of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2959-2976. [PMID: 33111936 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), commonly occurring in the aged population, is a degenerative disease that dilate and weaken infrarenal aorta due to progressive degeneration of aortic wall integrity. Vinpocetine, a derivative of alkaloid vincamine, has long been used for cerebrovascular disorders and cognitive impairment in the aged population. Recent studies have indicated that vinpocetine antagonizes occlusive vascular disorders such as intimal hyperplasia and atherosclerosis. However, its role in vascular degenerative disease AAA remains unexplored. Herein, we determined the effect of vinpocetine on the formation of AAA as well as the intervention of pre-existing moderate AAA. AAA was induced by periaortic elastase application in C57BL/6J mice. Systemic vinpocetine treatment was applied daily via intraperitoneal injection. We showed that vinpocetine pre-treatment remarkably attenuated aneurysmal dilation assessed by diameter and volume. More importantly, vinpocetine also significantly suppressed the progression of pre-existing moderate AAA in a post-intervention model. Vinpocetine improved multiple cellular and molecular changes associated with AAA, such as elastin degradation, media smooth muscle cell depletion, collagen fibers remodeling and macrophage infiltration in aneurysmal tissues. Vinpocetine potently suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α-induced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activation and proinflammatory mediator expression in primary cultured macrophages in vitro, as well as in the aorta wall in vivo, suggesting vinpocetine conferred anti-AAA effect at least partially via the inhibition of inflammation. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel role of vinpocetine in AAA formation, development and progression. Given the excellent safety profile of vinpocetine, the present study suggests vinpocetine may be a novel therapeutic agent for AAA prevention and treatment.
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Liu X, Liu X, Li M, Zhang Y, Chen W, Zhang M, Zhang C, Zhang M. Mechanical Stretch Induces Smooth Muscle Cell Dysfunction by Regulating ACE2 via P38/ATF3 and Post-transcriptional Regulation by miR-421. Front Physiol 2021; 11:540591. [PMID: 33536929 PMCID: PMC7848200 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.540591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stretch promotes deregulation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) functions during hypertension-induced vascular remodeling. ACE2 has a wide range of cardiovascular and renal protective effects. Loss of ACE2 is associated with cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the regulation of its expression, especially by abnormal mechanical stretch during hypertension. The present study was designed to investigate the contribution of ACE2 to vascular remodeling under mechanical stretch and to assess the possible underlying mechanisms. The abdominal aortic constriction model was established to mimic the environment in vivo. FX-5000T Strain Unit provided mechanical stretch in vitro. Overexpression was used to analyze the role of ACE2 played in the proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and collagen metabolism of the VSMCs. RT-qPCR, Western blot, luciferase assay, and ChIP assay were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of ACE2 expression regulated by stretch. We found that mechanical stretch modulated the expression of the ACE2/Ang-(1–7) and ACE/AngII axis. ACE2 was mechanically sensitive and was involved in the stretch-induced dysfunction of VSMCs. The p38 MAPK/ATF3 pathway and miR-421 participated in the regulation of ACE2. Thus, ACE2 may contribute to the development of vascular remodeling under conditions of mechanical stretch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weijia Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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12
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Sanders O, Rajagopal L. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Epidemiology with a Mechanistic Rationale. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:185-215. [PMID: 32715279 PMCID: PMC7369141 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies, clinical trials, and reviews suggest increasing 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) with phosphodiesterase inhibitors is disease-modifying in Alzheimer's disease (AD). cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling are disrupted in AD. cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG activate cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). CREB binds mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, inducing synaptogenesis, memory, and neuronal survival gene (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α). cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG activate Sirtuin-1, which activates PGC1α. PGC1α induces mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant genes (e.g.,Nrf2) and represses BACE1. cAMP and cGMP inhibit BACE1-inducing NFκB and tau-phosphorylating GSK3β. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We review efficacy-testing clinical trials, epidemiology, and meta-analyses to critically investigate whether phosphodiesteraseinhibitors prevent or treat AD. RESULTS Caffeine and cilostazol may lower AD risk. Denbufylline and sildenafil clinical trials are promising but preliminary and inconclusive. PF-04447943 and BI 409,306 are ineffective. Vinpocetine, cilostazol, and nicergoline trials are mixed. Deprenyl/selegiline trials show only short-term benefits. Broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase inhibitor propentofylline has been shown in five phase III trials to improve cognition, dementia severity, activities of daily living, and global assessment in mild-to-moderate AD patients on multiple scales, including the ADAS-Cogand the CIBIC-Plus in an 18-month phase III clinical trial. However, two books claimed based on a MedScape article an 18-month phase III trial failed, so propentofylline was discontinued. Now, propentofylline is used to treat canine cognitive dysfunction, which, like AD, involves age-associated wild-type Aβ deposition. CONCLUSION Phosphodiesterase inhibitors may prevent and treat AD.
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Zhang C, Yan C. Updates of Recent Vinpocetine Research in Treating Cardiovascular Diseases. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 2:211-219. [PMID: 32832931 PMCID: PMC7437952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vinpocetine is a derivative of vincamine. It has been used to prevent and treat cerebrovascular disorders such as stoke and dementia, and remains widely available in dietary supplements that often marketed as nootropics. Due to its excellent safety profile at therapeutic dose regimen, vinpocetine has raised research interest in its new applications in various experimental disease models. Here we review recent studies that uncovered novel functions of vinpocetine in cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity, neointimal hyperplasia, vasoconstriction, pathological cardiac remodeling and ischemia stroke. Molecular mechanisms underlined the protective effects of vinpocetine are also discussed. These novel findings may suggest a broadened usage of vinpocetine against relevant cardiovascular diseases in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Zhang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Yan;
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Vinpocetine inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and attenuates ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109769. [PMID: 31846839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a result of impaired bone formation and/or excessive bone resorption. Osteoclasts are the only cells in the body that have a bone resorption function. Inhibiting osteoclast activity and differentiation is a way to treat osteoporosis. The current pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis has many shortcomings, and more effective treatments are needed. Vinpocetine (Vinp), a derivative of the alkaloid vincamine, has been used to treat cerebrovascular disorders and cognitive impairment for a long time. Vinp inhibits mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent inflammatory responses and oxidative damage in which osteoclasts are often involved. However, the effects of Vinp on the regulation of osteoclast activity remain unknown. In this study, we found that Vinp significantly inhibited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast and F-actin formation and decreased osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro. Vinp also suppressed the expression of osteoclast-specific genes, including NFATc1, c-Fos, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and cathepsin K (CTSK) at both the mRNA and protein levels. Vinp reduced activation of NF-κB, MAPK, and AKT signaling during osteoclastogenesis and prevented the production of reactive oxygen species with increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1, and NAD(P)H:quinone acceptor oxidoreductase 1 expression. Animal experiments consistently demonstrated that Vinp treatment significantly attenuated ovariectomy-induced bone loss with a decrease in the osteoclast number and decreases in serum levels of RANKL, TRAP, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as increased serum levels of osteoprotegerin. Taken together, our findings reveal that Vinp may be a potential pharmacological choice for preventing and treating osteoporosis.
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Pahk K, Noh H, Joung C, Jang M, Song HY, Kim KW, Han K, Hwang JI, Kim S, Kim WK. A novel CD147 inhibitor, SP-8356, reduces neointimal hyperplasia and arterial stiffness in a rat model of partial carotid artery ligation. J Transl Med 2019; 17:274. [PMID: 31429778 PMCID: PMC6700999 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neointimal hyperplasia and its related arterial stiffness are the crucial pathophysiological features in atherosclerosis and in-stent restenosis. Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), a member of the immunoglobulin super family that induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by dimerization, may play important roles in neointimal hyperplasia and may therefore be an effective target for the treatment of this condition. Here, we investigated whether a novel CD147 inhibitor SP-8356 ((1S,5R)-4-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxystyryl)-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one) reduces neointimal hyperplasia and arterial stiffness in a rat model of partial carotid artery ligation. Methods Neointimal hyperplasia was induced in Sprague–Dawley rats by partial ligation of the right carotid artery combined with a high fat diet and vitamin D injection. Rats were subdivided into vehicle, SP-8356 (50 mg/kg), and rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg) groups. The drugs were administrated via intraperitoneal injections for 4 weeks. The elasticity of blood vessels was assessed by measuring pulse wave velocity using Doppler ultrasonography before sacrifice. Histomolecular analysis was carried out on harvested carotid arteries. Results SP-8356 significantly reduced MMP activity by inhibiting CD147 dimerization. SP-8356 reduced neointimal hyperplasia and prevented the deterioration of vascular elasticity. SP-8356 had a greater inhibitory effect on neointimal hyperplasia than did rosuvastatin. Furthermore, rosuvastatin did not improve vascular elasticity. SP-8356 increased the expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), but decreased the expression of collagen type III and MMP-9 in the neointimal region. In contrast to SP-8356, rosuvastatin did not alter the expression of SM-MHC or MMP-9. Conclusions The ability of SP-8356 to reduce neointimal hyperplasia and improve arterial stiffness in affected carotid artery suggests that SP-8356 could be a promising therapeutic drug for vascular remodeling disorders involving neointimal hyperplasia and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisoo Pahk
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyojin Noh
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Chanmin Joung
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Mi Jang
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Hwa Young Song
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Kyung Won Kim
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kihoon Han
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Ki Kim
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-Dong 5-Ga, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 136-705, South Korea.
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16
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Son M, Oh S, Lee HS, Ryu B, Jiang Y, Jang JT, Jeon YJ, Byun K. Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6'-Bieckol from Ecklonia cava Improved Blood Circulation in Diet-Induced Obese and Diet-Induced Hypertension Mouse Models. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E272. [PMID: 31071969 PMCID: PMC6562948 DOI: 10.3390/md17050272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood circulation disorders, such as hyperlipidemia and arteriosclerosis, are not easily cured by dietary supplements, but they can be mitigated. Although Ecklonia cava extract (ECE), as dietary supplements, are associated with improving the conditions, there are not many studies verifying the same. In this study, the beneficial effect of ECE and leaf of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), which is a well-known dietary supplement, were first confirmed in a diet induced-obese model. Afterwards, 4 phlorotannins were isolated from ECE, and their inhibitory effects on vascular cell dysfunction were validated. Pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB) was selected to be orally administered in two mice models: the diet induced obese model and diet induced hypertension model. After four weeks of administration, the blood pressure of all mice was measured, after which they were subsequently sacrificed. PPB was found to significantly improve blood circulation, including a reduction of adhesion molecule expression, endothelial cell (EC) death, excessive vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration, blood pressure, and lipoprotein and cholesterol levels. Based on the excellent efficacy in diet-induced mouse models of obese and hypertension, our results demonstrate that PPB is a valuable active compound from among the phlorotannins that were isolated and it has the potential to be used in functional foods for improving the blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - BoMi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 1 Ara 1-dong, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 1 Ara 1-dong, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 1 Ara 1-dong, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
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17
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Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activity attenuates neointimal hyperplasia by inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 304:73-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Esin RG, Khairullin IK, Abrarova GF, Esin OR. Cerebral small vessel disease and silent cerebrovascular diseases: modern standards of diagnosis, prevention, treatment prospects. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:81-87. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911904181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Plant-Derived Products for Treatment of Vascular Intima Hyperplasia Selectively Inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Functions. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:3549312. [PMID: 30405738 PMCID: PMC6201497 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3549312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are used widely for preventing intimal hyperplasia (IH), a common cardiovascular disease. Four different cells initiate and progress IH, namely, vascular smooth muscle, adventitial and endothelial cells, and circulation or bone marrow-derived cells. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a critical role in initiation and development of intimal thickening and formation of neointimal hyperplasia. In this review, we describe the different originating cells involved in vascular IH and emphasize the effect of different natural products on inhibiting abnormal cellular functions, such as VSMC proliferation and migration. We further present a classification for the different natural products like phenols, flavonoids, terpenes, and alkaloids that suppress VSMC growth. Abnormal VSMC physiology involves disturbance in MAPKs, PI3K/AKT, JAK-STAT, FAK, and NF-κB signal pathways. Most of the natural isolate studies have revealed G1/S phase of cell cycle arrest, decreased ROS production, induced cell apoptosis, restrained migration, and downregulated collagen deposition. It is necessary to screen optimal drugs from natural sources that preferentially inhibit VSMC rather than vascular endothelial cell growth to prevent early IH, restenosis following graft implantation, and atherosclerotic diseases.
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Ishola IO, Akinyede AA, Adeluwa TP, Micah C. Novel action of vinpocetine in the prevention of paraquat-induced parkinsonism in mice: involvement of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1493-1500. [PMID: 29855979 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease caused by age, genetic and environmental factors such as paraquat (PQT). PQT (a quartenary nitrogen herbicide) is implicated in some form of idiopathic PD. This study sought to investigate the protective effect of vinpocetine on paraquat-induced Parkinsonism in mice. Forty-eight male albino mice were randomly divided into 6 groups and treated orally as follows for 21 days; Group 1: vehicle normal (10 ml/kg), group 2: vehicle control (10 ml/kg); groups 3-5: vinpocetine (5, 10 or 20 mg/kg); group 6: vinpocetine (20 mg/kg). Animals in groups 2-5 were given PQT (10 mg/kg, i.p.) every 3 days for 3 weeks. The effect of treatments on spontaneous motor activity (open field test), muscle coordination (rotarod tests), cataleptic behaviour (bar test), and working memory (Y-maze test) were assayed. After the behavioural assay on day 21, the midbrain was isolated for estimation of oxidative stress and TNF-α. Intraperitoneal injection of paraquat significantly induced motor deficits, muscle incoordination, catalepsy and working memory impairment which was ameliorated by the pretreatment of mice with vinpocetine. In addition, paraquat injection caused marked increase in nitroso-oxidative stress markers with concomitant deficits in antioxidant enzymes activities (GSH and SOD) as well as induction of tumour necrotic factor-α (TNF-α) in the mid-brain which were attenuated by the pretreatment of mice with vinpocetine. Findings from this study showed that vinpocetine prevented paraquat-induced motor deficits, memory impairment, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation through enhancement of antioxidant defense system and inhibition of neuroinflammatory cytokine. Thus, could be a potential drug in the management of Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - A A Akinyede
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - T P Adeluwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - C Micah
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, PMB 12003, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Notoginsenoside R1 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration and neointimal hyperplasia through PI3K/Akt signaling. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7595. [PMID: 29765072 PMCID: PMC5953917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Restenosis caused by neointimal hyperplasia significantly decreases long-term efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), stenting, and by-pass surgery for managing coronary and peripheral arterial diseases. A major cause of pathological neointima formation is abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is a novel saponin that is derived from Panax notoginseng and has reported cardioprotective, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. However, its role in modulating VSMC neointima formation remains unexplored. Herein, we report that NGR1 inhibits serum-induced VSMC proliferation and migration by regulating VSMC actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Using a mouse femoral artery endothelium denudation model, we further demonstrate that systemic administration of NGR1 had a potent therapeutic effect in mice, significantly reducing neointimal hyperplasia following acute vessel injury. Mechanistically, we show that NGR1’s mode of action is through inhibiting the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling. Taken together, this study identified NGR1 as a potential therapeutic agent for combating restenosis after PTA in cardiovascular diseases.
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22
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Roles of PDE1 in Pathological Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5020022. [PMID: 29690591 PMCID: PMC6023290 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction is a response to various stress stimuli and can result in reduced cardiac output and heart failure. Cyclic nucleotide signaling regulates several cardiac functions including contractility, remodeling, and fibrosis. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), by catalyzing the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotides, are critical in the homeostasis of intracellular cyclic nucleotide signaling and hold great therapeutic potential as drug targets. Recent studies have revealed that the inhibition of the PDE family member PDE1 plays a protective role in pathological cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by the modulation of distinct cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways. This review summarizes recent key findings regarding the roles of PDE1 in the cardiac system that can lead to a better understanding of its therapeutic potential.
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Wu MP, Zhang YS, Xu X, Zhou Q, Li JD, Yan C. Vinpocetine Attenuates Pathological Cardiac Remodeling by Inhibiting Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2018; 31:157-166. [PMID: 28321644 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-017-6719-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pathological cardiac remodeling, characterized by cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, is a pathological feature of many cardiac disorders that leads to heart failure and cardiac arrest. Vinpocetine, a derivative of the alkaloid vincamine, has been used for enhancing cerebral blood flow to treat cognitive impairment. However, its role in pathological cardiac remodeling remains unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of vinpocetine on pathological cardiac remodeling induced by chronic stimulation with angiotensin II (Ang II). METHODS Mice received Ang II infusion via osmotic pumps in the presence of vehicle or vinpocetine. Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were assessed by morphological, histological, and biochemical analyses. Mechanistic studies were carried out in vitro with isolated mouse adult cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. RESULTS We showed that chronic Ang II infusion caused cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, which were all significantly attenuated by systemic administration of vinpocetine. In isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes, vinpocetine suppressed Ang II-stimulated myocyte hypertrophic growth. In cultured cardiac fibroblasts, vinpocetine suppressed TGFβ-induced fibroblast activation and matrix gene expression, consistent with its effect in attenuating cardiac fibrosis. The effects of vinpocetine on cardiac myocyte hypertrophy and fibroblast activation are likely mediated by targeting cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1). CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal a novel protective effect of vinpocetine in attenuating pathological cardiac remodeling through suppressing cardiac myocyte hypertrophic growth and fibroblast activation and fibrotic gene expression. These studies may also shed light on developing novel therapeutic agents for antagonizing pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ping Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Yi-Shuai Zhang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Xiangbin Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Qian Zhou
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jian-Dong Li
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity & Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China.
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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24
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An update on vinpocetine: New discoveries and clinical implications. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 819:30-34. [PMID: 29183836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vinpocetine, a derivative of the alkaloid vincamine, has been clinically used in many countries for treatment of cerebrovascular disorders such as stroke and dementia for more than 30 years. Currently, vinpocetine is also available in the market as a dietary supplement to enhance cognition and memory. Due to its excellent safety profile, increasing efforts have been put into exploring the novel therapeutic effects and mechanism of actions of vinpocetine in various cell types and disease models. Recent studies have revealed a number of novel functions of vinpocetine, including anti-inflammation, antagonizing injury-induced vascular remodeling and high-fat-diet-induced atherosclerosis, as well as attenuating pathological cardiac remodeling. These novel findings may facilitate the repositioning of vinpocetine for preventing or treating relevant disorders in humans.
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Visualization of Synthetic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerotic Carotid Rat Arteries by F-18 FDG PET. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6989. [PMID: 28765576 PMCID: PMC5539104 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play important roles in atherosclerosis, in-stent restenosis, and transplant vasculopathy. We investigated the synthetic activity of VSMCs in the atherosclerotic carotid artery using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). Atherosclerosis was induced in rats by partial ligation of the right carotid artery coupled with an atherogenic diet and vitamin D injections (2 consecutive days, 600,000 IU/day). One month later, rats were imaged by F-18 FDG PET. The atherosclerotic right carotid arteries showed prominent luminal narrowing with neointimal hyperplasia. The regions with neointimal hyperplasia were composed of α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells with decreased expression of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain. Surrogate markers of synthetic VSMCs such as collagen type III, cyclophilin A, and matrix metallopeptidase-9 were increased in neointima region. However, neither macrophages nor neutrophils were observed in regions with neointimal hyperplasia. F-18 FDG PET imaging and autoradiography showed elevated FDG uptake into the atherosclerotic carotid artery. The inner vessel layer showed higher tracer uptake than the outer layer. Consistently, the expression of glucose transporter 1 was highly increased in neointima. The present results indicate that F-18 FDG PET may be a useful tool for evaluating synthetic activities of VSMCs in vascular remodeling disorders.
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Merrigan SL, Kennedy BN. Vitamin D receptor agonists regulate ocular developmental angiogenesis and modulate expression of dre-miR-21 and VEGF. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:2636-2651. [PMID: 28547797 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pathological growth of ocular vasculature networks can underpin visual impairment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity. Our aim was to uncover novel pharmacological regulators of ocular angiogenesis by phenotype-based screening in zebrafish. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A bioactive chemical library of 465 drugs was screened to identify small molecule inhibitors of ocular hyaloid vasculature (HV) angiogenesis in zebrafish larvae. Selectivity was assessed by evaluation of non-ocular intersegmental vasculature development. Safety pharmacology examined visual behaviour and retinal histology in larvae. Molecular mechanisms of action were scrutinized using expression profiling of target mRNAs and miRNAs in larval eyes. KEY RESULTS Library screening identified 10 compounds which significantly inhibited HV developmental angiogenesis. The validated hit calcitriol selectively demonstrated dose-dependent attenuation of HV development. In agreement, vitamin D receptor (VDR) agonists paricalcitol, doxercalciferol, maxacalcitol, calcipotriol, seocalcitol, calcifediol and tacalcitol significantly and selectively attenuated HV development. VDR agonists induced minor ocular morphology abnormalities and affected normal visual function. Calcitriol induced a three to sevenfold increase in ocular dre-miR-21 expression. Consistently, all-trans-retinoic acid attenuated HV development and increased ocular dre-miR-21 expression. Interestingly, zebrafish ocular vegfaa and vegfab expression was significantly increased while, vegfc, flt1 and kdrl expression was unchanged by calcitriol. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These studies identified VDR agonists as significant and selective anti-angiogenics in the developing vertebrate eye and miR21 as a key downstream regulated miRNA. These targets should be further evaluated as molecular hallmarks of, and therapeutic targets for pathological ocular neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Merrigan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Breandán N Kennedy
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Liao XH, Xiang Y, Li H, Zheng DL, Xu Y, Xi Yu C, Li JP, Zhang XY, Xing WB, Cao DS, Bao LY, Zhang TC. VEGF-A Stimulates STAT3 Activity via Nitrosylation of Myocardin to Regulate the Expression of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation Markers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2660. [PMID: 28572685 PMCID: PMC5453982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is a pivotal player in angiogenesis. It is capable of influencing such cellular processes as tubulogenesis and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, yet very little is known about the actual signaling events that mediate VEGF-A induced VSMC phenotypic switch. In this report, we describe the identification of an intricate VEGF-A-induced signaling cascade that involves VEGFR2, STAT3, and Myocardin. We demonstrate that VEGF-A promotes VSMC proliferation via VEGFR2/STAT3-mediated upregulating the proliferation of markers like Cyclin D1 and PCNA. Specifically, VEGF-A leads to nitrosylation of Myocardin, weakens its effect on promoting the expression of contractile markers and is unable to inhibit the activation of STAT3. These observations reinforce the importance of nitric oxide and S-nitrosylation in angiogenesis and provide a mechanistic pathway for VEGF-A-induced VSMC phenotypic switch. In addition, Myocardin, GSNOR and GSNO can create a negative feedback loop to regulate the VSMC phenotypic switch. Thus, the discovery of this interactive network of signaling pathways provides novel and unexpected therapeutic targets for angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Hua Liao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
| | - Yuan Xiang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - De Liang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yao Xu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Xi Yu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Jia Peng Li
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Yu Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Bin Xing
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Dong Sun Cao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Le Yuan Bao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Tong Cun Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education and Tianjin, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, P. R. China.
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Ping S, Liu S, Zhou Y, Li Z, Li Y, Liu K, Bardeesi AS, Wang L, Chen J, Deng L, Wang J, Wang H, Chen D, Zhang Z, Sheng P, Li C. Protein disulfide isomerase-mediated apoptosis and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells induced by mechanical stress and advanced glycosylation end products result in diabetic mouse vein graft atherosclerosis. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2818. [PMID: 28542133 PMCID: PMC5520728 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) involves cell survival and death. Whether PDI mediates mechanical stretch stress (SS) and/or advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) -triggered simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is unknown. Here, we hypothesized that different expression levels of PDI trigger completely opposite cell fates among the different VSMC subtypes. Mouse veins were grafted into carotid arteries of non-diabetic and diabetic mice for 8 weeks; the grafted veins underwent simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis, which triggered vein graft arterializations in non-diabetic or atherosclerosis in diabetic mice. A higher rate of proliferation and apoptosis was seen in the diabetic group. SS and/or AGEs stimulated the quiescent cultured VSMCs, resulting in simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis; they could induce increased PDI activation and expression. Both in vivo and in vitro, the proliferating VSMCs indicated weak co-expression of PDI and SM-α-actin while apoptotic or dead cells showed strong co-expression of both. Either SS or AGEs rapidly upregulated the expression of PDI, NOX1 and ROS, and their combination had synergistic effects. Inhibiting PDI simultaneously suppressed the proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs, while inhibition of SM-α-actin with cytochalasin D led to increased apoptosis and cleaved caspases-3 but had no effect on proliferation. In conclusion, different expression levels of PDI in VSMCs induced by SS and/or AGEs triggered a simultaneous increase in proliferation and apoptosis, accelerated vein graft arterializations or atherosclerosis, leading us to propose PDI as a novel target for the treatment of vascular remodeling and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suning Ping
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhuan Zhou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuhuang Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kefeng Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Adham Sa Bardeesi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Linli Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lie Deng
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dadi Chen
- Experimental Center for Basic Medical Teaching, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Puyi Sheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaohong Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Abstract
As a common etiology for ischemic stroke, atherosclerotic carotid stenosis has been targeted by vascular surgery since 1950s. Compared with carotid endarterectomy, carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) is almost similarly efficacious and less invasive. These advantages make CAS an alternative in treating carotid stenosis. However, accumulative evidences suggested that the long-term benefit-risk ratio of CAS may be decreased or even neutralized by the complications related to in-stent restenosis (ISR). Therefore, investigating the mechanisms and identifying the influential factors of ISR are of vital importance for improving the long-term outcomes of CAS. As responses to intrinsic and extrinsic injuries, intimal hyperplasia and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation have been regarded as the principle mechanisms for ISR development. Due to the lack of consensus-based definition and consistent follow-up protocol, the reported incidences of ISR after CAS varied widely among studies. These variations made the inter-study comparisons of ISR largely illogical. To eliminate restenosis after CAS, both surgery and endovascular procedures have been attempted with promising results. For preventing ISR, drug-eluting stents and antiplatelets have been proposed as potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengze Dai
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, Pukou Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Gelin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Nose T, Kondo M, Shimizu M, Hamura H, Yamaguchi Y, Sekine T, Ishitani K. Pharmacological Profile of GPD-1116, an Inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase 4. Biol Pharm Bull 2017; 39:689-98. [PMID: 27150141 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that GPD-1116, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in a model of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in senescence-accelerated P1 mice. In the present study, we further characterized the pharmacological profile of GPD-1116 in several experiments in vitro and in vivo. GPD-1116 and its metabolite GPD-1133 predominantly inhibited not only human PDE4, but also human PDE1 in vitro. Moreover, GPD-1116 was effective in several disease models in animals, including acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and pulmonary hypertension; the effective doses of GPD-1116 were estimated to be 0.3-2 mg/kg in these models. With regard to undesirable effects known as class effects of PDE4 inhibitors, GPD-1116 showed suppression of gastric emptying in rats and induction of emesis in dogs, but showed no such suppression of rectal temperature in rats, and these side effects of GPD-1116 seemed to be less potent than those of roflumilast. These results suggested that GPD-1116 could be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory pulmonary diseases. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of GPD-1116 for PDE1 might be associated with its excellent pharmacological profile. However, the mechanisms through which PDE1 inhibition contributes to these effects should be determined in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nose
- Pharmacological Research Department, ASKA Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
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31
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Solovyeva EY, Karneev AN, Chekanov AV, Baranova OA, Choi IV. Complex application 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-succinate and vinpocetine in cerebrovascular disorder. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2017. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201711751103-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Huang C, Mei H, Zhou M, Zheng X. A novel PDGF receptor inhibitor-eluting stent attenuates in-stent neointima formation in a rabbit carotid model. Mol Med Rep 2016; 15:21-28. [PMID: 27922693 PMCID: PMC5355735 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel drug-eluting stent (DES) is required to target vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) without harming endothelial cells (ECs). Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is critical for the proliferation and migration of SMCs. Sunitinib [a PDGF receptor (PDGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor]‑eluting stents may therefore inhibit neointimal formation. The aim of the present study was to examine the stent‑based delivery of sunitinib in a rabbit carotid model; in addition, the effects of sunitinib were evaluated in vitro. Local administration of sunitinib markedly reduced neointimal formation without delaying re-endothelialization in the carotid artery model. In vitro, sunitinib inhibited SMC proliferation; however, no effects were observed on ECs. Sunitinib caused necrosis of SMCs. In addition, sunitinib attenuated PDGF-stimulated SMC migration in a scratch wound assay and inhibited α‑SMA cytoskeleton polymerization. Furthermore, sunitinib inhibited PDGF-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this novel DES may be a potential strategy for the treatment of vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Mei
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Zheng
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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33
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Ma YY, Sun L, Chen XJ, Wang N, Yi PF, Song M, Zhang B, Wang YZ, Liang QH. Vinpocetine Attenuates the Osteoblastic Differentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162295. [PMID: 27589055 PMCID: PMC5010196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is an active process of osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells; however, its definite mechanism remains unknown. Vinpocetine, a derivative of the alkaloid vincamine, has been demonstrated to inhibit the high glucose-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells; however, it remains unknown whether vinpocetine can affect the osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. We hereby investigated the effect of vinpocetine on vascular calcification using a beta-glycerophosphate-induced cell model. Our results showed that vinpocetine significantly reduced the osteoblast-like phenotypes of vascular smooth muscle cells including ALP activity, osteocalcin, collagen type I, Runx2 and BMP-2 expression as well as the formation of mineralized nodule. Vinpocetine, binding to translocation protein, induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase and Akt and thus inhibited the translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B into the nucleus. Silencing of translocator protein significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of vinpocetine on osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Taken together, vinpocetine may be a promising candidate for the clinical therapy of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yun Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Juan Chen
- Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Fei Yi
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Hua Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Bautista-Niño PK, Portilla-Fernandez E, Vaughan DE, Danser AHJ, Roks AJM. DNA Damage: A Main Determinant of Vascular Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E748. [PMID: 27213333 PMCID: PMC4881569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging plays a central role in health problems and mortality in older people. Apart from the impact of several classical cardiovascular risk factors on the vasculature, chronological aging remains the single most important determinant of cardiovascular problems. The causative mechanisms by which chronological aging mediates its impact, independently from classical risk factors, remain to be elucidated. In recent years evidence has accumulated that unrepaired DNA damage may play an important role. Observations in animal models and in humans indicate that under conditions during which DNA damage accumulates in an accelerated rate, functional decline of the vasculature takes place in a similar but more rapid or more exaggerated way than occurs in the absence of such conditions. Also epidemiological studies suggest a relationship between DNA maintenance and age-related cardiovascular disease. Accordingly, mouse models of defective DNA repair are means to study the mechanisms involved in biological aging of the vasculature. We here review the evidence of the role of DNA damage in vascular aging, and present mechanisms by which genomic instability interferes with regulation of the vascular tone. In addition, we present potential remedies against vascular aging induced by genomic instability. Central to this review is the role of diverse types of DNA damage (telomeric, non-telomeric and mitochondrial), of cellular changes (apoptosis, senescence, autophagy), mediators of senescence and cell growth (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)/senescence-messaging secretome (SMS), insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling), the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) axis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) vs. endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling, phosphodiesterase (PDE) 1 and 5, transcription factor NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and diet restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula K Bautista-Niño
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
| | - Eliana Portilla-Fernandez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
| | - Douglas E Vaughan
- Department of Medicine & Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
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Wu MP, Zhang YS, Zhou QM, Xiong J, Dong YR, Yan C. Higenamine protects ischemia/reperfusion induced cardiac injury and myocyte apoptosis through activation of β2-AR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2015; 104:115-23. [PMID: 26746354 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte apoptosis contributes to ischemic cardiac injury and the development of heart failure. Higenamine is a key component of the Chinese herb aconite root that has been prescribed for treating symptoms of heart failure for thousands of years in the oriental Asian countries. It has been shown that higenamine has anti-apoptotic effects in a few cell types including cardiomyocytes. However, the pharmacological target and molecular mechanism of higenamine in the heart are still not fully illustrated. Herein, we report that higenamine protected myocyte apoptosis and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through selective activation of beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR). In particular, we show that higenamine significantly reduced I/R-induced myocardial infarction in mice. In both primary neonatal rat and adult mouse ventricular myocytes, we show higenamine inhibited cell apoptosis and also reduced biochemical markers of apoptosis such as cleaved caspase 3 and 9. More importantly, we show that the anti-apoptotic effects of higenamine in cardiomyocytes were completely abolished by β2-AR but not β1-AR antagonism. Furthermore, we confirmed that higenamine attenuated I/R-induced myocardial injury and reduced cleaved caspases in a β2-AR dependent manner in intact mouse hearts. Higenamine stimulated AKT phosphorylation and required PI3K activation for the anti-apoptotic effect in cardiomyocytes. These findings together suggest that anti-apoptotic and cardiac protective effects of higenamine are mediated by the β2-AR/PI3K/AKT cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-ping Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Yi-shuai Zhang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Qian-mei Zhou
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100005, China; Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY 14642, United States.
| | - Yao-rong Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China.
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY 14642, United States; Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China.
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Simultaneous Increases in Proliferation and Apoptosis of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Accelerate Diabetic Mouse Venous Atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141375. [PMID: 26488175 PMCID: PMC4619075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study was designed to demonstrate simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) leading to accelerated vein graft remodeling and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods Vein grafts were performed in non-diabetic and diabetic mice. The cultured quiescent VSMCs were subjected to mechanical stretch stress (SS) and/or advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs). Harvested vein grafts and treated VSMCs were used to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation and SM-α-actin expression. Results Significantly thicker vessel walls and greater increases in proliferation and apoptosis were observed in diabetic vein grafts than those in non-diabetic. Both SS and AGEs were found to induce different activation of three members of MAPKs and simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs, and combined treatment with both had a synergistic effect. VSMCs with strong SM-α-actin expression represented more activated JNKs or p38MAPK, and cell apoptosis, while the cells with weak SM-α-actin expression demonstrated preferential activation of ERKs and cell proliferation. In contrast, inhibition of MAPKs signals triggered significant decreases in VSMC proliferation, and apoptosis. Treatment of the cells with RNA interference of receptor of AGEs (RAGE) also resulted in significant decreases in both proliferation and apoptosis. Conclusions Increased pressure-induced SS triggers simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs in the vein grafts leading to vein arterializations, which can be synergistically accelerated by high glucose-induced AGEs resulting in vein graft atherosclerosis. Either SS or AGEs and their combination induce simultaneous increases in proliferation and apoptosis of VSMCs via different activation of three members of MAPKs resulting from different VSMC subtypes classified by SM-α-actin expression levels.
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Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1 and vascular aging. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:1077-81. [PMID: 26374857 PMCID: PMC4610264 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells) play critical roles in arterial remodelling with aging, hypertension and atherosclerosis. VSMCs exist in diverse phenotypes and exhibit phenotypic plasticity, e.g. changing from a quiescent/contractile phenotype to an active myofibroblast-like, often called ‘synthetic’, phenotype. Synthetic VSMCs are able to proliferate, migrate and secrete ECM (extracellular matrix) proteinases and ECM proteins. In addition, they produce pro-inflammatory molecules, providing an inflammatory microenvironment for leucocyte penetration, accumulation and activation. The aging VSMCs have also shown changes in cellular phenotype, responsiveness to contracting and relaxing mediators, replicating potential, matrix synthesis, inflammatory mediators and intracellular signalling. VSMC dysfunction plays a key role in age-associated vascular remodelling. Cyclic nucleotide PDEs (phosphodiesterases), by catalysing cyclic nucleotide hydrolysis, play a critical role in regulating the amplitude, duration and compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotide signalling. Abnormal alterations of PDEs and subsequent changes in cyclic nucleotide homoeostasis have been implicated in a number of different diseases. In the study published in the latest issue of Clinical Science, Bautista Niño and colleagues have shown that, in cultured senescent human VSMCs, PDE1A and PDE1C mRNA levels are significantly up-regulated and inhibition of PDE1 activity with vinpocetine reduced cellular senescent makers in senescent VSMCs. Moreover, in the premature aging mice with genomic instability (Ercc1d/−), impaired aortic ring relaxation in response to SNP (sodium nitroprusside), an NO (nitric oxide) donor, was also largely improved by vinpocetine. More interestingly, using data from human GWAS (genome-wide association studies), it has been found that PDE1A single nucleotide polymorphisms is significantly associated with diastolic blood pressure and carotid intima–media thickening, two hallmarks of human vascular dysfunction in aging. These findings establish a strong relationship between PDE1 expression regulation and vascular abnormalities in aging.
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Phosphodiesterase 1 regulation is a key mechanism in vascular aging. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 129:1061-75. [PMID: 26464516 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Reduced nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signalling is observed in age-related vascular disease. We hypothesize that this disturbed signalling involves effects of genomic instability, a primary causal factor in aging, on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and that the underlying mechanism plays a role in human age-related vascular disease. To test our hypothesis, we combined experiments in mice with genomic instability resulting from the defective nucleotide excision repair gene ERCC1 (Ercc1(d/-) mice), human VSMC cultures and population genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Aortic rings of Ercc1(d/-) mice showed 43% reduced responses to the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 1 and 5 normalized SNP-relaxing effects in Ercc1(d/-) to wild-type (WT) levels. PDE1C levels were increased in lung and aorta. cGMP hydrolysis by PDE in lungs was higher in Ercc1(d/-) mice. No differences in activity or levels of cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 or sGC were observed in Ercc1(d/-) mice compared with WT. Senescent human VSMC showed elevated PDE1A and PDE1C and PDE5 mRNA levels (11.6-, 9- and 2.3-fold respectively), which associated with markers of cellular senescence. Conversely, PDE1 inhibition lowered expression of these markers. Human genetic studies revealed significant associations of PDE1A single nucleotide polymorphisms with diastolic blood pressure (DBP; β=0.28, P=2.47×10(-5)) and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT; β=-0.0061, P=2.89×10(-5)). In summary, these results show that genomic instability and cellular senescence in VSMCs increase PDE1 expression. This might play a role in aging-related loss of vasodilator function, VSMC senescence, increased blood pressure and vascular hypertrophy.
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Kim MH, Ham O, Lee SY, Choi E, Lee CY, Park JH, Lee J, Seo HH, Seung M, Choi E, Min PK, Hwang KC. MicroRNA-365 inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting cyclin D1. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1752-61. [PMID: 24819721 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a common feature of disease progression in atherosclerosis. Cell proliferation is regulated by cell cycle regulatory proteins. MicroRNAs (miR) have been reported to act as important gene regulators and play essential roles in the proliferation and migration of VSMCs in a cardiovascular disease. However, the roles and mechanisms of miRs in VSMCs and neointimal formation are far from being fully understood. In this study, cell cycle-specific cyclin D1 was found to be a potential target of miR-365 by direct binding. Through an in vitro experiment, we showed that exogenous miR-365 overexpression reduced VSMC proliferation and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, while miR-365 was observed to block G1/S transition in platelet-derived growth factor-bb (PDGF-bb)-induced VSMCs. In addition, the proliferation of VSMCs by various stimuli, including PDGF-bb, angiotensin II (Ang II), and serum, led to the downregulation of miR-365 expression levels. The expression of miR-365 was confirmed in balloon-injured carotid arteries. Taken together, our results suggest an anti-proliferative role for miR-365 in VSMC proliferation, at least partly via modulating the expression of cyclin D1. Therefore, miR-365 may influence neointimal formation in atherosclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Hyun Kim
- Cardiology Division, Heart Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
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Rowther FB, Wei W, Dawson TP, Ashton K, Singh A, Madiesse-Timchou MP, Thomas DGT, Darling JL, Warr T. Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase-1C (PDE1C) drives cell proliferation, migration and invasion in glioblastoma multiforme cells in vitro. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:268-79. [PMID: 25620587 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides (cAMP & cGMP) are critical intracellular second messengers involved in the transduction of a diverse array of stimuli and their catabolism is mediated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). We previously detected focal genomic amplification of PDE1C in >90 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells suggesting a potential as a novel therapeutic target in these cells. In this report, we show that genomic gain of PDE1C was associated with increased expression in low passage GBM-derived cell cultures. We demonstrate that PDE1C is essential in driving cell proliferation, migration and invasion in GBM cultures since silencing of this gene significantly mitigates these functions. We also define the mechanistic basis of this functional effect through whole genome expression analysis by identifying down-stream gene effectors of PDE1C which are involved in cell cycle and cell adhesion regulation. In addition, we also demonstrate that Vinpocetine, a general PDE1 inhibitor, can also attenuate proliferation with no effect on invasion/migration. Up-regulation of at least one of this gene set (IL8, CXCL2, FOSB, NFE2L3, SUB1, SORBS2, WNT5A, and MMP1) in TCGA GBM cohorts is associated with worse outcome and PDE1C silencing down-regulated their expression, thus also indicating potential to influence patient survival. Therefore we conclude that proliferation, migration, and invasion of GBM cells could also be regulated downstream of PDE1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farjana B Rowther
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Weinbin Wei
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Timothy P Dawson
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
| | - Katherine Ashton
- Lancashire Teaching Hospitals, Royal Preston Hospital, Preston, UK
| | - Anushree Singh
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | | | - D G T Thomas
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London
| | - John L Darling
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Tracy Warr
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
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Lin MC, Ou TT, Chang CH, Chan KC, Wang CJ. Protocatechuic acid inhibits oleic acid-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:235-241. [PMID: 25513741 DOI: 10.1021/jf505303s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) has been implicated in the progression of atherosclerosis. The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) additionally exerts several beneficial effects on vascular function and improves vascular abnormalities. The current study sought to determine whether PCA has an inhibitory effect on VSMC proliferation under oleic acid (OA) treatment. A7r5 cells were treated with OA (150 μM) or cotreated with OA and PCA (150 μg/mL) for 24 and 48 h. PCA-treated cells were found to cause an increase in G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Western blotting showed that PCA increased the expressions of p53 and p21Cip1, subsequently decreasing the expression of cyclin E1 and Cdk2. In addition, PCA induced phosphorylation of AMPK and inhibited the expression of fatty acid synthase, Akt-p, and Skp2 after stimulation with OA. After treatment with AMPK inhibitor, the effects of PCA mentioned above were reversed. Taken together, PCA inhibited OA-induced VSMC proliferation through AMPK activation and down-regulation of FAS and AKT signals, which then blocks G0/G1 phase cell cycle progression. These findings provide a new insight into the protective properties of PCA on VSMC, which may constitute a novel effective antiatherosclerosis agent.
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Zhang L, Yang L. Anti-inflammatory effects of vinpocetine in atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke: a review of the literature. Molecules 2014; 20:335-47. [PMID: 25549058 PMCID: PMC6272149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20010335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses play an important role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke. Atherosclerosis is a common condition that increases the risk of stroke. Hyperlipidemia damages endothelial cells, thus initiating chemokine pathways and the release of inflammatory cytokines—this represents the first step in the inflammatory response to atherosclerosis. Blocking blood flow in the brain leads to ischemic stroke, and deprives neurons of oxygen and energy. Damaged neurons release danger-associated molecular patterns, which promote the activation of innate immune cells and the release of inflammatory cytokines. The nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells κB (NF-κB) pathway plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke. Vinpocetine is believed to be a potent anti-inflammatory agent and has been used to treat cerebrovascular disorders. Vinpocetine improves neuronal plasticity and reduces the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and microglia, by inhibiting the inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway. This review clarifies the anti-inflammatory role of vinpocetine in atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke.
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Novel potential targets for prevention of arterial restenosis: insights from the pre-clinical research. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:615-34. [PMID: 25072327 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Restenosis is the pathophysiological process occurring in 10-15% of patients submitted to revascularization procedures of coronary, carotid and peripheral arteries. It can be considered as an excessive healing reaction of the vascular wall subjected to arterial/venous bypass graft interposition, endarterectomy or angioplasty. The advent of bare metal stents, drug-eluting stents and of the more recent drug-eluting balloons, have significantly reduced, but not eliminated, the incidence of restenosis, which remains a clinically relevant problem. Biomedical research in pre-clinical animal models of (re)stenosis, despite its limitations, has contributed enormously to the identification of processes involved in restenosis progression, going well beyond the initial dogma of a primarily proliferative disease. Although the main molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying restenosis have been well described, new signalling molecules and cell types controlling the progress of restenosis are continuously being discovered. In particular, microRNAs and vascular progenitor cells have recently been shown to play a key role in this pathophysiological process. In addition, the advanced highly sensitive high-throughput analyses of molecular alterations at the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome levels occurring in injured vessels in animal models of disease and in human specimens serve as a basis to identify novel potential therapeutic targets for restenosis. Molecular analyses are also contributing to the identification of reliable circulating biomarkers predictive of post-interventional restenosis in patients, which could be potentially helpful in the establishment of an early diagnosis and therapy. The present review summarizes the most recent and promising therapeutic strategies identified in experimental models of (re)stenosis and potentially translatable to patients subjected to revascularization procedures.
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Wang K, Wen L, Peng W, Li H, Zhuang J, Lu Y, Liu B, Li X, Li W, Xu Y. Vinpocetine attenuates neointimal hyperplasia in diabetic rat carotid arteries after balloon injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96894. [PMID: 24819198 PMCID: PMC4018422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes exacerbates abnormal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) accumulation in response to arterial wall injury. Vinpocetine has been shown to improve vascular remolding; however, little is known about the direct effects of vinpocetine on vascular complications mediated by diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of vinpocetine on hyperglycemia-facilitated neointimal hyperplasia and explore its possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nondiabetic and diabetic rats were subjected to balloon injury of the carotid artery followed by 3-week treatment with either vinpocetine (10 mg/kg/day) or saline. Morphological analysis and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining were performed on day 21. Rat VSMCs proliferation was determined with 5-ethynyl-20-deoxyuridine cell proliferation assays. Chemokinesis was monitored with scratch assays, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was assessed using a 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) flow cytometric assay. Apoptosis was detected by annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometric assay. Cell signaling was assessed by immunblotting. RESULTS Vinpocetine prevented intimal hyperplasia in carotid arteries in both normal (I/M ratio: 93.83 ± 26.45% versus 143.2 ± 38.18%, P<0.05) and diabetic animals (I/M ratio: 120.5 ± 42.55% versus 233.46 ± 33.98%, P<0.05) when compared to saline. The in vitro study demonstrated that vinpocetine significantly inhibited VSMCs proliferation and chemokinesis as well as ROS generation and apoptotic resistance, which was induced by high glucose (HG) treatment. Vinpocetine significantly abolished HG-induced phosphorylation of Akt and JNK1/2 without affecting their total levels. For downstream targets, HG-induced phosphorylation of IκBα was significantly inhibited by vinpocetine. Vinpocetine also attenuated HG-enhanced expression of PCNA, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2. CONCLUSIONS Vinpocetine attenuated neointimal formation in diabetic rats and inhibited HG-induced VSMCs proliferation, chemokinesis and apoptotic resistance by preventing ROS activation and affecting MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoxin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiankai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Inhibitory effects of vinpocetine on the progression of atherosclerosis are mediated by Akt/NF-κB dependent mechanisms in apoE-/- mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82509. [PMID: 24349299 PMCID: PMC3857260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have found additional roles for vinpocetine, a potent phosphodiesterase type I inhibitor, in anti-proliferation and anti-inflammation of vascular smooth muscle cells and cancer cells via different mechanisms. In this study, we attempted to investigate whether vinpocetine protected against atherosclerotic development in apoE(-/-) mice and explore the underlying anti-atherogenic mechanisms in macrophages. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Vinpocetine markedly decreased atherosclerotic lesion size in apoE(-/-) mice measured by oil red O. Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that vinpocetine significantly increased the thickness of fibrous cap, reduced the size of lipid-rich necrotic core and attenuated inflammation. In vitro experiments exhibited a significant decrease in monocyte adhesion treated with vinpocetine. Further, active TNF-α, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression induced by ox-LDL were attenuated by vinpocetine in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, ox-LDL-induced reactive oxygen species were significantly repressed by vinpocetine. Both western blot and luciferase activity assay showed that vinpocetine inhibited the enhanced Akt, IKKα/β, IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB activity induced by ox-LDL, and the inhibition of NF-κB activity was partly caused by Akt dephosphorylation. However, knockdown of PDE1B did not affect Akt, IKKα/β and IκBα phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that vinpocetine exerts anti-atherogenic effects through inhibition of monocyte adhesion, oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which are mediated by Akt/NF-κB dependent pathway but independent of PDE1 blockade in macrophages.
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Song P, Zhou Y, Coughlan KA, Dai X, Xu H, Viollet B, Zou MH. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-α2 deficiency promotes vascular smooth muscle cell migration via S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 upregulation and E-cadherin downregulation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2800-9. [PMID: 24115035 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are critical events in the progression of several vasculopathologies. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to play a pivotal role in cellular proliferation and migration. However, the roles of AMPK in VSMC migration and its underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. APPROACH AND RESULTS VSMC migration and the neointima formation were studied in cultured mouse VSMCs or in carotid artery ligation of wild-type C57BL/6J mice, AMPKα2, AMPKα1 homozygous-deficient (AMPKα2(-/-), AMPKα1(-/-)) mice. Deletion of AMPKα2, but not AMPKα1, led to increased phosphorylation of both IкB kinase α and its downstream target nuclear factor кB2/p100 at serine 866/870. Consequently, phosphor-p100 at S866/870 bound with E3 ubiquitin ligase β-transducin repeat-containing protein resulting in the proteolytic processing of the p100 precursor and nuclear factor кB2/p52 induction. Interestingly, acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 56 mediated by histone deacetylase-3 reduction was enhanced significantly in AMPKα2(-/-) VSMCs compared with wild-type or AMPKα1(-/-) VSMCs. Moreover, the augmented association of p52/acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 56 with the promoter of ubiquitin E3 ligase, S-phase kinase-associated protein 2, was shown in AMPKα2(-/-) VSMCs by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore, AMPKα2 deletion caused S-phase kinase-associated protein 2-mediated E-cadherin downregulation. S-Phase kinase-associated protein 2 siRNA abolished the increased migration of AMPKα2(-/-) VSMCs via E-cadherin upregulation. Finally, neointima formation after ligation of carotid artery was increased in AMPKα2(-/-), but not AMPKα1(-/-), mice. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that deletion of AMPKα2 causes aberrant VSMC migration with accelerated neointima formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- From the Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (P.S., Y.Z., K.A.C., X.D., H.X., M.-H.Z.); College of Medicine, Hubei, Province Key Laboratory on Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Metabolic Disorders, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China (Y.Z.); College of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China (H.X.); Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France (B.V.); and INSERM, U1016, Paris, France (B.V.)
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Cai Y, Li JD, Yan C. Vinpocetine attenuates lipid accumulation and atherosclerosis formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 434:439-43. [PMID: 23583194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the major cause of myocardial infarction and stroke, is a chronic arterial disease characterized by lipid deposition and inflammation in the vessel wall. Cholesterol, in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Vinpocetine, a derivative of the alkaloid vincamine, has long been used as a cerebral blood flow enhancer for treating cognitive impairment. Recent study indicated that vinpocetine is a potent anti-inflammatory agent. However, its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis remains unexplored. In the present study, we show that vinpocetine significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation in ApoE knockout mice fed with a high-fat diet. In cultured murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, vinpocetine markedly attenuated oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) uptake and foam cell formation. Moreover, vinpocetine greatly blocked the induction of ox-LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) in cultured macrophages as well as in the LOX-1 level in atherosclerotic lesions. Taken together, our data reveal a novel role of vinpocetine in reduction of pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, at least partially through suppressing LOX-1 signaling pathway. Given the excellent safety profile of vinpocetine, this study suggests vinpocetine may be a therapeutic candidate for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Cai
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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