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Omer S, Pathak S, Mansour M, Nadar R, Bowen D, Dhanasekaran M, Pondugula SR, Boothe D. Effects of Cannabidiol, ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, and WIN 55-212-22 on the Viability of Canine and Human Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Cell Lines. Biomolecules 2024; 14:495. [PMID: 38672512 PMCID: PMC11047936 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we demonstrated the impact of overexpression of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors and the inhibitory effect of endocannabinoids (2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and Anandamide (AEA)) on canine (Canis lupus familiaris) and human (Homo sapiens) non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cell lines' viability compared to cells treated with a vehicle. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the anti-cancer effects of the phytocannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55-212-22 (WIN) in canine and human lymphoma cell lines and to compare their inhibitory effect to that of endocannabinoids. We used malignant canine B-cell lymphoma (BCL) (1771 and CLB-L1) and T-cell lymphoma (TCL) (CL-1) cell lines, and human BCL cell line (RAMOS). Our cell viability assay results demonstrated, compared to the controls, a biphasic effect (concentration range from 0.5 μM to 50 μM) with a significant reduction in cancer viability for both phytocannabinoids and the synthetic cannabinoid. However, the decrease in cell viability in the TCL CL-1 line was limited to CBD. The results of the biochemical analysis using the 1771 BCL cell line revealed a significant increase in markers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, and a decrease in markers of mitochondrial function in cells treated with the exogenous cannabinoids compared to the control. Based on the IC50 values, CBD was the most potent phytocannabinoid in reducing lymphoma cell viability in 1771, Ramos, and CL-1. Previously, we demonstrated the endocannabinoid AEA to be more potent than 2-AG. Our study suggests that future studies should use CBD and AEA for further cannabinoid testing as they might reduce tumor burden in malignant NHL of canines and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Omer
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (S.O.); (M.M.); (S.R.P.)
| | - Suhrud Pathak
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA (R.N.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Mahmoud Mansour
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (S.O.); (M.M.); (S.R.P.)
| | - Rishi Nadar
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA (R.N.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Dylan Bowen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA (R.N.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA (R.N.); (D.B.); (M.D.)
| | - Satyanarayana R. Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (S.O.); (M.M.); (S.R.P.)
| | - Dawn Boothe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (S.O.); (M.M.); (S.R.P.)
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Cherkasova V, Wang B, Gerasymchuk M, Fiselier A, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I. Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids for Treatment of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5142. [PMID: 36291926 PMCID: PMC9600568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an ancient homeostasis mechanism operating from embryonic stages to adulthood. It controls the growth and development of many cells and cell lineages. Dysregulation of the components of the ECS may result in uncontrolled proliferation, adhesion, invasion, inhibition of apoptosis and increased vascularization, leading to the development of various malignancies. Cancer is the disease of uncontrolled cell division. In this review, we will discuss whether the changes to the ECS are a cause or a consequence of malignization and whether different tissues react differently to changes in the ECS. We will discuss the potential use of cannabinoids for treatment of cancer, focusing on primary outcome/care-tumor shrinkage and eradication, as well as secondary outcome/palliative care-improvement of life quality, including pain, appetite, sleep, and many more factors. Finally, we will complete this review with the chapter on sex- and gender-specific differences in ECS and response to cannabinoids, and equality of the access to treatments with cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Cherkasova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Marta Gerasymchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Anna Fiselier
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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Lott J, Jutkiewicz EM, Puthenveedu MA. The Synthetic Cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 Can Disrupt the Golgi Apparatus Independent of Cannabinoid Receptor-1. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 101:371-380. [PMID: 35236771 PMCID: PMC9092469 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 (WIN) is widely used as a pharmacological tool to study the biologic activity of cannabinoid receptors. In contrast to many other cannabinoid agonists, however, WIN also causes broad effects outside of neurons, such as reducing inflammatory responses, causing cell cycle arrest, and reducing general protein expression. How exactly WIN causes these broad effects is not known. Here we show that WIN partially disrupts the Golgi apparatus at nanomolar concentrations and fully disperses the Golgi apparatus in neuronal and non-neuronal cells at micromolar concentrations. WIN55,212-3, the enantiomer of WIN; JWH-018, a related alkylindole; or 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endocannabinoid, did not cause Golgi disruption, suggesting that the effect was specific to the chirality of WIN. WIN treatment also perturbed the microtubule network. Importantly, WIN disrupted the Golgi in primary cortical neurons derived from mice where cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) was genetically knocked out, indicating that the effects were independent of CB1 signaling. The Golgi dispersion could not be explained by WIN's action on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Our results show that WIN can disrupt the Golgi apparatus independent of CB1 in cultured cells. These effects could contribute to the unique physiologic effects that WIN exhibits in neuronal behavior, as well as its role as an antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory agent. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 (WIN), widely used to investigate the cannabinoid system, also shows unique broader effects at cellular and organismal levels compared to endogenous cannabinoids. Our study shows that WIN can disrupt the Golgi apparatus and the microtubule network in multiple cell types, independent of cannabinoid receptors. These results could explain how WIN reduces surface levels of proteins and contributes to the unique physiological effects observed with WIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Emily M Jutkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Non-Canonical Cannabinoid Receptors with Distinct Binding and Signaling Properties in Prostate and Other Cancer Cell Types Mediate Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063049. [PMID: 35328467 PMCID: PMC8954350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids exert anti-cancer actions; however, the underlying cytotoxic mechanisms and the cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) involved remain unclear. In this study, CBRs were characterized in several cancer cell lines. Radioligand binding screens surprisingly revealed specific binding only for the non-selective cannabinoid [3H]WIN-55,212-2, and not [3H]CP-55,940, indicating that the expressed CBRs exhibit atypical binding properties. Furthermore, [3H]WIN-55,212-2 bound to a single site in all cancer cells with high affinity and varying densities. CBR characteristics were next compared between human prostate cancer cell lines expressing low (PC-3) and high (DU-145) CBR density. Although mRNA for canonical CBRs was detected in both cell lines, only 5 out of 15 compounds with known high affinity for canonical CBRs displaced [3H]WIN-55,212-2 binding. Functional assays further established that CBRs in prostate cancer cells exhibit distinct signaling properties relative to canonical Gi/Go-coupled CBRs. Prostate cancer cells chronically exposed to both CBR agonists and antagonists/inverse agonists produced receptor downregulation, inconsistent with actions at canonical CBRs. Treatment of DU-145 cells with CBR ligands increased LDH-release, decreased ATP-dependent cell viability, and produced mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization. In summary, several cancer cell lines express CBRs with binding and signaling profiles dissimilar to canonical CBRs. Drugs selectively targeting these atypical CBRs might exhibit improved anti-cancer properties.
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Shoeib AM, Yarbrough AL, Ford BM, Franks LN, Urbaniak A, Hensley LL, Benson LN, Mu S, Radominska-Pandya A, Prather PL. Characterization of cannabinoid receptors expressed in Ewing sarcoma TC-71 and A-673 cells as potential targets for anti-cancer drug development. Life Sci 2021; 285:119993. [PMID: 34592231 PMCID: PMC10395316 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Characterizing cannabinoid receptors (CBRs) expressed in Ewing sarcoma (EWS) cell lines as potential targets for anti-cancer drug development. MAIN METHODS CBR affinity and function were examined by competitive binding and G-protein activation, respectively. Cannabinoid-mediated cytotoxicity and cell viability were evaluated by LDH, and trypan blue assays, respectively. KEY FINDINGS qRT-PCR detected CB1 (CB1R) and CB2 receptor (CB2R) mRNA in TC-71 cells. However, binding screens revealed that CBRs expressed exhibit atypical properties relative to canonical receptors, because specific binding in TC-71 could only be demonstrated by the established non-selective CB1/CB2R radioligand [3H]WIN-55,212-2, but not CB1/CB2R radioligand [3H]CP-55,940. Homologous receptor binding demonstrated that [3H]WIN-55,212-2 binds to a single site with nanomolar affinity, expressed at high density. Further support for non-canonical CBRs expression is provided by subsequent binding screens, revealing that only 9 out of 28 well-characterized cannabinoids with high affinity for canonical CB1 and/or CB2Rs were able to displace [3H]WIN-55,212-2, whereas two ligands enhanced [3H]WIN-55,212-2 binding. Five cannabinoids producing the greatest [3H]WIN-55,212-2 displacement exhibited high nanomolar affinity (Ki) for expressed receptors. G-protein modulation and adenylyl cyclase assays further indicate that these CBRs exhibit distinct signaling/functional profiles compared to canonical CBRs. Importantly, cannabinoids with the highest affinity for non-canonical CBRs reduced TC-71 viability and induced cytotoxicity in a time-dependent manner. Studies in a second EWS cell line (A-673) showed similar atypical binding properties of expressed CBRs, and cannabinoid treatment produced cytotoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE Cannabinoids induce cytotoxicity in EWS cell lines via non-canonical CBRs, which might be a potential therapeutic target to treat EWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Shoeib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Azure L Yarbrough
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Benjamin M Ford
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Lirit N Franks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Alicja Urbaniak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Lori L Hensley
- Department of Biology, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL, United States of America
| | - Lance N Benson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Shengyu Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Anna Radominska-Pandya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America
| | - Paul L Prather
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States of America.
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Cancer Initiation, Progression and Resistance: Are Phytocannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L. Promising Compounds? Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092668. [PMID: 34063214 PMCID: PMC8124362 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is a source of over 150 active compounds known as phytocannabinoids that are receiving renewed interest due to their diverse pharmacologic activities. Indeed, phytocannabinoids mimic the endogenous bioactive endocannabinoids effects through activation of CB1 and CB2 receptors widely described in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. All phytocannabinoids have been studied for their protective actions towards different biological mechanisms, including inflammation, immune response, oxidative stress that, altogether, result in an inhibitory activity against the carcinogenesis. The role of the endocannabinoid system is not yet completely clear in cancer, but several studies indicate that cannabinoid receptors and endogenous ligands are overexpressed in different tumor tissues. Recently, in vitro and in vivo evidence support the effectiveness of phytocannabinoids against various cancer types, in terms of proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis, actions partially due to their ability to regulate signaling pathways critical for cell growth and survival. The aim of this review was to report the current knowledge about the action of phytocannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L. against cancer initiation and progression with a specific regard to brain, breast, colorectal, and lung cancer as well as their possible use in the therapies. We will also report the known molecular mechanisms responsible for such positive effects. Finally, we will describe the actual therapeutic options for Cannabis sativa L. and the ongoing clinical trials.
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Lee XC, Werner E, Falasca M. Molecular Mechanism of Autophagy and Its Regulation by Cannabinoids in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061211. [PMID: 33802014 PMCID: PMC7999886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review examines the complex function of autophagy in malignancy and explores its regulation by cannabinoids in different cancers. Autophagy is an important process in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, through the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic constituents. The action of autophagy is highly dependent on tumour stage and type and the receptors with which ligands interact. Cannabinoids are growingly being acknowledged for their anticancer activities and are known to stimulate several mechanisms such as apoptosis and autophagy. Better understanding the mechanism of action behind autophagy and its regulation by cannabinoids will allow the development of novel cancer therapeutics. Abstract Autophagy is a “self-degradation” process whereby malfunctioned cytoplasmic constituents and protein aggregates are engulfed by a vesicle called the autophagosome, and subsequently degraded by the lysosome. Autophagy plays a crucial role in sustaining protein homeostasis and can be an alternative source of energy under detrimental circumstances. Studies have demonstrated a paradoxical function for autophagy in cancer, displaying both tumour suppressive and tumour promotive roles. In early phases of tumour development autophagy promotes cancer cell death. In later phases, autophagy enables cancer cells to survive and withstand therapy. Cannabinoids, which are derivatives of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, have shown to be associated with autophagy induction in cells. There is an emerging interest in studying the signalling pathways involved in cannabinoid-induced autophagy and their potential application in anticancer therapies. In this review, the molecular mechanisms involved in the autophagy degradation process will be discussed. This review also highlights a role for autophagy in cancer progression, with cannabinoid-induced autophagy presenting a novel strategy for anticancer therapy.
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Pietrovito L, Iozzo M, Bacci M, Giannoni E, Chiarugi P. Treatment with Cannabinoids as a Promising Approach for Impairing Fibroblast Activation and Prostate Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030787. [PMID: 31991773 PMCID: PMC7037293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endo-, phyto- and synthetic cannabinoids have been proposed as promising anti-cancer agents able to impair cancer cells’ behavior without affecting their non-transformed counterparts. However, cancer outcome depends not only on cancer cells’ activity, but also on the stromal cells, which coevolve with cancer cells to sustain tumor progression. Here, we show for the first time that cannabinoid treatment impairs the activation and the reactivity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most represented stromal component of prostate tumor microenvironment. Using prostate cancer-derived CAFs, we demonstrated that WIN 55-212.2 mesylate, a synthetic full agonist of cannabinoid receptors (CBs) 1 and 2, downregulates α-smooth muscle actin and matrix metalloprotease-2 expression, and it inhibits CAF migration, essential features to ensure the activated and reactive CAF phenotype. Furthermore, by impairing stromal reactivity, WIN 55-212.2 mesylate also negatively affects CAF-mediated cancer cells’ invasiveness. Using selective antagonists of CBs, we proved that CAFs response to WIN 55-212.2 mesylate is mainly mediated by CB2. Finally, we suggest that endocannabinoids self-sustain both prostate tumor cells migration and CAFs phenotype by an autocrine loop. Overall, our data strongly support the use of cannabinoids as anti-tumor agents in prostate cancer, since they are able to simultaneously strike both cancer and stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pietrovito
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (E.G.); Tel.: +39-055-2751241 (L.P.); +39-055-2751236 (E.G.)
| | | | | | - Elisa Giannoni
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (E.G.); Tel.: +39-055-2751241 (L.P.); +39-055-2751236 (E.G.)
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Rahman S, Archana A, Dutta D, Kumar V, Kim J, Jan AT, Minakshi R. The onus of cannabinoids in interrupting the molecular odyssey of breast cancer: A critical perspective on UPR ER and beyond. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:437-445. [PMID: 30976189 PMCID: PMC6438785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids, commonly used for medicinal and recreational purposes, consist of various complex hydrophobic molecules obtained from Cannabis sativa L. Acting as an inhibitory molecule; they have been investigated for their antineoplastic effect in various breast tumor models. Lately, it was found that cannabinoid treatment not only stimulates autophagy-mediated apoptotic death of tumor cells through unfolded protein response (UPRER) activated downstream effectors, but also imposes cell cycle arrest. The exploitation of UPRER tumors as such is believed to be a major molecular event and is therefore employed in understanding the development and progression of breast tumor. Simultaneously, the data on clinical trials following administration of cannabinoid is currently being explored to find its role not only in palliation but also in the treatment of breast cancer. The present study summarizes new achievements in understanding the extent of therapeutic progress and highlights recent developments in cannabinoid biology towards achieving a better cure of breast cancer through the exploitation of different cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Ayyagari Archana
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110036, India
| | - Durgashree Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, Jan Nayak Chaudhary Devilal Dental College, Sirsa, Haryana, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, R.N. College, B.R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
| | - Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | - Rinki Minakshi
- Department of Microbiology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110036, India
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Greish K, Mathur A, Al Zahrani R, Elkaissi S, Al Jishi M, Nazzal O, Taha S, Pittalà V, Taurin S. Synthetic cannabinoids nano-micelles for the management of triple negative breast cancer. J Control Release 2018; 291:184-195. [PMID: 30367922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous disease with poor prognosis and inadequate therapeutic outcome. This contribution reports the use of a cannabinoid derivative, WIN55,212-2 (WIN) on the growth of TNBC in a 4T1 syngeneic mouse model. To reduce the well-known psychoactive side effects of cannabinoids, we prepared a nanomicellar formulation of WIN (SMA-WIN). In vivo biodistribution, in silico ADME predictions, anticancer activity, and psychoactive effect of WIN and SMA-WIN studies suggest that SMA-WIN formulation can reduce to greater extent tumor growth with milder psychoactive side effects when compared to free drug. Finally, the effects of WIN and SMA-WIN in combination with doxorubicin (Doxo), an established chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of TNBC, were investigated in vitro and in vivo. SMA-WIN in combination with Doxo showed therapeutic efficacy and was able to reduce the tumor volume of TNBC murine model drastically. Moreover, SMA-WIN, while favoring drug tumor accumulation, minimized the adverse psychoactive effects that have impeded the use of this agent in the clinic. To our knowledge, this is the first report for the assessment of cannabinoid nanoparticles in vivo for the treatment of TNBC and its enhanced anticancer effect at low doses with Doxo. These findings suggest a new therapeutic strategy in the management of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Greish
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit, Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine and inherited disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain; Department of oncology, Suez Canal University, Egypt.
| | - Aanchal Mathur
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit, Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine and inherited disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Reem Al Zahrani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit, Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine and inherited disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Sara Elkaissi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit, Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine and inherited disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Muna Al Jishi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit, Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine and inherited disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Osama Nazzal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit, Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine and inherited disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Safa Taha
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit, Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine and inherited disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastien Taurin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, and Nanomedicine Unit, Princess Al-Jawhara Center for Molecular Medicine and inherited disorders, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Kyte SL, Toma W, Bagdas D, Meade JA, Schurman LD, Lichtman AH, Chen ZJ, Del Fabbro E, Fang X, Bigbee JW, Damaj MI, Gewirtz DA. Nicotine Prevents and Reverses Paclitaxel-Induced Mechanical Allodynia in a Mouse Model of CIPN. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 364:110-119. [PMID: 29042416 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.243972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), a consequence of peripheral nerve fiber dysfunction or degeneration, continues to be a dose-limiting and debilitating side effect during and/or after cancer chemotherapy. Paclitaxel, a taxane commonly used to treat breast, lung, and ovarian cancers, causes CIPN in 59-78% of cancer patients. Novel interventions are needed due to the current lack of effective CIPN treatments. Our studies were designed to investigate whether nicotine can prevent and/or reverse paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy in a mouse model of CIPN, while ensuring that nicotine will not stimulate lung tumor cell proliferation or interfere with the antitumor properties of paclitaxel. Male C57BL/6J mice received paclitaxel every other day for a total of four injections (8 mg/kg, i.p.). Acute (0.3-0.9 mg/kg, i.p.) and chronic (24 mg/kg per day, s.c.) administration of nicotine respectively reversed and prevented paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia. Blockade of the antinociceptive effect of nicotine with mecamylamine and methyllycaconitine suggests that the reversal of paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia is primarily mediated by the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype. Chronic nicotine treatment also prevented paclitaxel-induced intraepidermal nerve fiber loss. Notably, nicotine neither promoted proliferation of A549 and H460 non-small cell lung cancer cells nor interfered with paclitaxel-induced antitumor effects, including apoptosis. Most importantly, chronic nicotine administration did not enhance Lewis lung carcinoma tumor growth in C57BL/6J mice. These data suggest that the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated pathways may be promising drug targets for the prevention and treatment of CIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lauren Kyte
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.L.K., W.T., D.B., J.A.M., L.D.S., A.H.L., M.I.D., D.A.G.), Neurology (Z.-J.C.), Internal Medicine (E.D.F.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.F.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.W.B.), and Massey Cancer Center (D.A.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey (D.B.)
| | - Wisam Toma
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.L.K., W.T., D.B., J.A.M., L.D.S., A.H.L., M.I.D., D.A.G.), Neurology (Z.-J.C.), Internal Medicine (E.D.F.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.F.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.W.B.), and Massey Cancer Center (D.A.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey (D.B.)
| | - Deniz Bagdas
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.L.K., W.T., D.B., J.A.M., L.D.S., A.H.L., M.I.D., D.A.G.), Neurology (Z.-J.C.), Internal Medicine (E.D.F.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.F.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.W.B.), and Massey Cancer Center (D.A.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey (D.B.)
| | - Julie A Meade
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.L.K., W.T., D.B., J.A.M., L.D.S., A.H.L., M.I.D., D.A.G.), Neurology (Z.-J.C.), Internal Medicine (E.D.F.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.F.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.W.B.), and Massey Cancer Center (D.A.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey (D.B.)
| | - Lesley D Schurman
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.L.K., W.T., D.B., J.A.M., L.D.S., A.H.L., M.I.D., D.A.G.), Neurology (Z.-J.C.), Internal Medicine (E.D.F.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.F.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.W.B.), and Massey Cancer Center (D.A.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey (D.B.)
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.L.K., W.T., D.B., J.A.M., L.D.S., A.H.L., M.I.D., D.A.G.), Neurology (Z.-J.C.), Internal Medicine (E.D.F.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.F.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.W.B.), and Massey Cancer Center (D.A.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey (D.B.)
| | - Zhi-Jian Chen
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.L.K., W.T., D.B., J.A.M., L.D.S., A.H.L., M.I.D., D.A.G.), Neurology (Z.-J.C.), Internal Medicine (E.D.F.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.F.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.W.B.), and Massey Cancer Center (D.A.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey (D.B.)
| | - Egidio Del Fabbro
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.L.K., W.T., D.B., J.A.M., L.D.S., A.H.L., M.I.D., D.A.G.), Neurology (Z.-J.C.), Internal Medicine (E.D.F.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.F.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.W.B.), and Massey Cancer Center (D.A.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey (D.B.)
| | - Xianjun Fang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.L.K., W.T., D.B., J.A.M., L.D.S., A.H.L., M.I.D., D.A.G.), Neurology (Z.-J.C.), Internal Medicine (E.D.F.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.F.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.W.B.), and Massey Cancer Center (D.A.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey (D.B.)
| | - John W Bigbee
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.L.K., W.T., D.B., J.A.M., L.D.S., A.H.L., M.I.D., D.A.G.), Neurology (Z.-J.C.), Internal Medicine (E.D.F.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.F.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.W.B.), and Massey Cancer Center (D.A.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey (D.B.)
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.L.K., W.T., D.B., J.A.M., L.D.S., A.H.L., M.I.D., D.A.G.), Neurology (Z.-J.C.), Internal Medicine (E.D.F.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.F.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.W.B.), and Massey Cancer Center (D.A.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey (D.B.)
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (S.L.K., W.T., D.B., J.A.M., L.D.S., A.H.L., M.I.D., D.A.G.), Neurology (Z.-J.C.), Internal Medicine (E.D.F.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (X.F.), and Anatomy and Neurobiology (J.W.B.), and Massey Cancer Center (D.A.G.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; and Experimental Animals Breeding and Research Center, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey (D.B.)
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12
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Xin Y, Jiang F, Yang C, Yan Q, Guo W, Huang Q, Zhang L, Jiang G. Role of autophagy in regulating the radiosensitivity of tumor cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:2147-2157. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2487-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Khan MI, Sobocińska AA, Czarnecka AM, Król M, Botta B, Szczylik C. The Therapeutic Aspects of the Endocannabinoid System (ECS) for Cancer and their Development: From Nature to Laboratory. Curr Pharm Des 2016; 22:1756-66. [PMID: 26654588 PMCID: PMC5412000 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666151211094901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a group of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors, which are widely distributed in mammalian tissues. ECS regulates various cardiovascular, nervous, and immune system functions inside cells. In recent years, there has been a growing body of evidence for the use of synthetic and natural cannabinoids as potential anticancer agents. For instance, the CB1 and CB2 receptors are assumed to play an important role inside the endocannabinoid system. These receptors are abundantly expressed in the brain and fatty tissue of the human body. Despite recent developments in molecular biology, there is still a lack of knowledge about the distribution of CB1 and CB2 receptors in the human kidney and their role in kidney cancer. To address this gap, we explore and demonstrate the role of the endocannabinoid system in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this brief overview, we elucidate the therapeutic aspects of the endocannabinoid system for various cancers and explain how this system can be used for treating kidney cancer. Overall, this review provides new insights into cannabinoids' mechanisms of action in both in vivo and in vitro models, and focuses on recent discoveries in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I Khan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, ul. Szaserów 128, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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Fraguas-Sánchez AI, Fernández-Carballido A, Torres-Suárez AI. Phyto-, endo- and synthetic cannabinoids: promising chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of breast and prostate carcinomas. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:1311-1323. [PMID: 27633508 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1236913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The term 'cannabinoids' designates a family of compounds with activity upon cannabinoid receptors. Cannabinoids are classified in three groups: phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and the synthetic analogues of both groups. They have become a promising tool in the treatment of cancer disease, not only as palliative agents, but also as antitumor drugs, due to their ability to inhibit the proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of tumour cells. Two of the cancers where they have shown high anticancer activity are breast and prostate tumours. Despite this potential clinical interest, several studies have also reported that cannabinoids can stimulate the proliferation of cancer cells at very low concentrations. Areas covered: The aim of this review is to evaluate the promising chemotherapeutic utility of phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoids, and synthetic cannabinoids in breast and prostate cancer. Expert opinion: Cannabinoids, in particular the non-psychoactive CBD, may be promising tools in combination therapy for breast and prostate cancer, due to their direct antitumor effects, their ability to improve the efficacy of conventional antitumor drugs and their usefulness as palliative treatment. Nevertheless, deeper studies to fully establish the mechanisms responsible for their antitumour and pro-tumour properties and their formulation in efficient delivery systems remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Fraguas-Sánchez
- a Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - A Fernández-Carballido
- a Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain.,b Institute of Industrial Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
| | - A I Torres-Suárez
- a Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain.,b Institute of Industrial Pharmacy , Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid , Spain
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Pyszniak M, Tabarkiewicz J, Łuszczki JJ. Endocannabinoid system as a regulator of tumor cell malignancy - biological pathways and clinical significance. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:4323-36. [PMID: 27486335 PMCID: PMC4958360 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s106944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprises cannabinoid receptors (CBs), endogenous cannabinoids, and enzymes responsible for their synthesis, transport, and degradation of (endo)cannabinoids. To date, two CBs, CB1 and CB2, have been characterized; however, orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55 has been suggested to be the third putative CB. Several different types of cancer present abnormal expression of CBs, as well as other components of ECS, and this has been shown to correlate with the clinical outcome. Although most effects of (endo)cannabinoids are mediated through stimulation of classical CBs, they also interact with several molecules, either prosurvival or proapoptotic molecules. It should be noted that the mode of action of exogenous cannabinoids differs significantly from that of endocannabinoid and results from the studies on their activity both in vivo and in vitro could not be easily compared. This review highlights the main signaling pathways involved in the antitumor activity of cannabinoids and the influence of their activation on cancer cell biology. We also discuss changes in the expression pattern of the ECS in various cancer types that have an impact on disease progression and patient survival. A growing amount of experimental data imply possible exploitation of cannabinoids in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pyszniak
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów; Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa
| | - Jacek Tabarkiewicz
- Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów
| | - Jarogniew J Łuszczki
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin; Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Lublin, Poland
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16
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Zhang G, Bi H, Gao J, Lu X, Zheng Y. Inhibition of autophagy and enhancement of endoplasmic reticulum stress increase sensitivity of osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells to cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212-2. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:351-8. [PMID: 27309350 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qi Lu Hospital; Shandong University; Shandong China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Yantai Shan Hospital; Shandong China
| | - Haiyong Bi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Yantai Shan Hospital; Shandong China
| | - Ji Gao
- Department of Urology; China-Japan Union Hospital; Jilin China
| | - Xing Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Yantai Shan Hospital; Shandong China
| | - Yanping Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Qi Lu Hospital; Shandong University; Shandong China
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17
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Lowin T, Pongratz G, Straub RH. The synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 mesylate decreases the production of inflammatory mediators in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by activating CB2, TRPV1, TRPA1 and yet unidentified receptor targets. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2016; 13:15. [PMID: 27158245 PMCID: PMC4858820 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-016-0114-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), synovial fibroblasts (SF) secrete large amounts of IL-6, IL-8 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which are crucial for cartilage destruction. RASFs are sensitive to the action of cannabinoids and they not only express cannabinoid receptors type I and II (CB1 and CB2) but also transient receptor potential channels type vanilloid (TRPV1) and ankyrin (TRPA1). The synthetic cannabinoid WIN55,212-2 mesylate (WIN) demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects in monocytes and synovial fibroblasts only in high concentrations in a non-cannabinoid receptor dependent manner. In this study we assessed the ability of WIN to modulate cytokine and MMP-3 production in SFs over a wide concentration range and identified specific receptor targets that mediate the effects of this synthetic cannabinoid. Methods MMP-3, IL-6 and IL-8 were determined by ELISA. Adhesion was measured by the XCELLigence system. Proliferation was assessed by cell titer blue assays. Results WIN significantly reduced TNF-induced IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-3 production in concentrations below 2 μM, while higher concentrations completely inhibited production of IL-6 and IL-8 but increased extracellular MMP-3 levels. The inhibitory effect at low concentrations (<2 μM) was independent on activation of either CB1 or CB2 but was attenuated by TRPV1 or TRPA1 inhibition in OASFs and RASFs. The effects of high concentrations of WIN on cytokine and MMP-3 production were decreased by the calcium chelating agent BAPTA, the AMPK activator metformin, the TRPA1 antagonist A967079 and the CB2 antagonist COR170. Furthermore, fetal calf serum content in culture media strongly influenced the efficacy of WIN at high concentrations. In addition, high concentrations of WIN also diminished SF adhesion and proliferation without altering cell viability whereas low concentrations promoted SF adhesion without any influence on proliferation. Conclusion The synthetic cannabinoid WIN in low concentrations exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in synovial fibroblasts independent of CB1 and CB2 while CB2 and yet unidentified receptor targets are responsible for WIN effects in micromolar concentrations. Our results indicate a TRPV1/TRPA1 dependent mechanism of SF regulation that might be coupled to cellular energy status and calcium content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Lowin
- Funktionsbereich & Hiller Forschungszentrum für Rheumatologie, Life Science Center, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Merowingerplatz1A, 1. Etage, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Georg Pongratz
- Funktionsbereich & Hiller Forschungszentrum für Rheumatologie, Life Science Center, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Merowingerplatz1A, 1. Etage, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, University Hospital of Regensburg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Ravi J, Elbaz M, Wani NA, Nasser MW, Ganju RK. Cannabinoid receptor-2 agonist inhibits macrophage induced EMT in non-small cell lung cancer by downregulation of EGFR pathway. Mol Carcinog 2016; 55:2063-2076. [PMID: 26741322 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
JWH-015, a cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist has tumor regressive property in various cancer types. However, the underlying mechanism by which it acts in lung cancer is still unknown. Tumor associated macrophage (TAM) intensity has positive correlation with tumor progression. Also, macrophages recruited at the tumor site promote tumor growth by enhancing epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) progression. In this study, we analyzed the role of JWH-015 on EMT and macrophage infiltration by regulation of EGFR signaling. JWH-015 inhibited EMT in NSCLC cells A549 and also reversed the mesenchymal nature of CALU-1 cells by downregulation of EGFR signaling targets like ERK and STAT3. Also, in vitro co-culture experiments of A549 with M2 polarized macrophages provided evidence that JWH-015 decreased migratory and invasive abilities which was proved by reduced expression of FAK, VCAM1, and MMP2. Furthermore, it decreased macrophage induced EMT in A549 by attenuating the mesenchymal character by downregulating EGFR and its targets. These results were confirmed in an in vivo subcutaneous syngenic mouse model where JWH-015 blocks tumor growth and also inhibits macrophage recruitment and EMT at the tumor site which was regulated by EGFR pathway. Finally, JWH-015 reduced lung tumor lesions in an in vivo tumorigenicity mouse model. These data confer the impact of this cannabinoid on anti-proliferative and anti-tumorigenic effects, thus enhancing our understanding of its therapeutic efficacy in NSCLC. Our findings open new avenues for cannabinoid receptor CB2 agonist-JWH-015 as a novel and potential therapeutic target based on EGFR downregulation mechanisms in NSCLC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Ravi
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mohamad Elbaz
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nissar A Wani
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mohd W Nasser
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Costa L, Amaral C, Teixeira N, Correia-da-Silva G, Fonseca BM. Cannabinoid-induced autophagy: Protective or death role? Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 122:54-63. [PMID: 26732541 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy, the "self-digestion" mechanism of the cells, is an evolutionary conserved catabolic process that targets portions of cytoplasm, damaged organelles and proteins for lysosomal degradation, which plays a crucial role in development and disease. Cannabinoids are active compounds of Cannabis sativa and the most prevalent psychoactive substance is Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Cannabinoid compounds can be divided in three types: the plant-derived natural products (phytocannabinoids), the cannabinoids produced endogenously (endocannabinoids) and the synthesized compounds (synthetic cannabinoids). Various studies reported a cannabinoid-induced autophagy mechanism in cancer and non-cancer cells. In this review we focus on the recent advances in the cannabinoid-induced autophagy and highlight the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lia Costa
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Portugal; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Amaral
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Natércia Teixeira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgina Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Fonseca
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal.
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McAllister SD, Soroceanu L, Desprez PY. The Antitumor Activity of Plant-Derived Non-Psychoactive Cannabinoids. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2015; 10:255-67. [PMID: 25916739 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-015-9608-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As a therapeutic agent, most people are familiar with the palliative effects of the primary psychoactive constituent of Cannabis sativa (CS), Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a molecule active at both the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor subtypes. Through the activation primarily of CB1 receptors in the central nervous system, THC can reduce nausea, emesis and pain in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. During the last decade, however, several studies have now shown that CB1 and CB2 receptor agonists can act as direct antitumor agents in a variety of aggressive cancers. In addition to THC, there are many other cannabinoids found in CS, and a majority produces little to no psychoactivity due to the inability to activate cannabinoid receptors. For example, the second most abundant cannabinoid in CS is the non-psychoactive cannabidiol (CBD). Using animal models, CBD has been shown to inhibit the progression of many types of cancer including glioblastoma (GBM), breast, lung, prostate and colon cancer. This review will center on mechanisms by which CBD, and other plant-derived cannabinoids inefficient at activating cannabinoid receptors, inhibit tumor cell viability, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and the stem-like potential of cancer cells. We will also discuss the ability of non-psychoactive cannabinoids to induce autophagy and apoptotic-mediated cancer cell death, and enhance the activity of first-line agents commonly used in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D McAllister
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, 475 Brannan Street, Suite 220, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA,
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21
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Blaho VA, Hla T. An update on the biology of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1596-608. [PMID: 24459205 PMCID: PMC4109755 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r046300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a membrane-derived lysophospholipid that acts primarily as an ex-tracellular signaling molecule. Signals initiated by S1P are transduced by five G protein-coupled receptors, named S1P1-5 Cellular and temporal expression of the S1P receptors (S1PRs) determine their specific roles in various organ systems, but they are particularly critical for regulation of the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems, with the most well-known contributions of S1PR signaling being modulation of vascular barrier function, vascular tone, and regulation of lymphocyte trafficking. However, our knowledge of S1PR biology is rapidly increasing as they become attractive therapeutic targets in several diseases, such as chronic inflammatory pathologies, autoimmunity, and cancer. Understanding how the S1PRs regulate interactions between biological systems will allow for greater efficacy in this novel therapeutic strategy as well as characterization of complex physiological networks. Because of the rapidly expanding body of research, this review will focus on the most recent advances in S1PRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Blaho
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Timothy Hla
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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