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Hassan SM, Farid A, Panda SS, Bekheit MS, Dinkins H, Fayad W, Girgis AS. Indole Compounds in Oncology: Therapeutic Potential and Mechanistic Insights. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:922. [PMID: 39065774 PMCID: PMC11280311 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a formidable global health challenge, with current treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and targeted therapy often hindered by low efficacy and adverse side effects. The indole scaffold, a prominent heterocyclic structure, has emerged as a promising candidate in the fight against cancer. This review consolidates recent advancements in developing natural and synthetic indolyl analogs, highlighting their antiproliferative activities against various cancer types over the past five years. These analogs are categorized based on their efficacy against common cancer types, supported by biochemical assays demonstrating their antiproliferative properties. In this review, emphasis is placed on elucidating the mechanisms of action of these compounds. Given the limitations of conventional cancer therapies, developing targeted therapeutics with enhanced selectivity and reduced side effects remains a critical focus in oncological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M. Hassan
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Farid
- Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Mohamed S. Bekheit
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Holden Dinkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Walid Fayad
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Adel S. Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
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Ushio Y, Wakiya R, Kameda T, Nakashima S, Shimada H, Miyagi T, Sugihara K, Mino R, Mizusaki M, Chujo K, Kagawa R, Yamaguchi H, Kadowaki N, Dobashi H. Nintedanib combined with immunosuppressive agents improves forced vital capacity in connective tissue disease-associated PF-ILD: a single-center study. BMC Rheumatol 2024; 8:27. [PMID: 38886779 PMCID: PMC11184786 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-024-00400-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2020, Nintedanib (NTB), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was the first drug approved worldwide for treating progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (PF-ILD). This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of NTB in Japanese patients with CTD-associated PF-ILD in a real-world setting, as there are few reports on this topic. We also evaluated the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with NTB and immunosuppressive agents (IS). METHODS CTD-associated PF-ILD patients receiving NTB at our institution were included in this retrospective study. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of NTB, we investigated changes in forced vital capacity (FVC) (%), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (%), monthly change in FVC (%/month), serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) levels (U/mL) before and after NTB treatment, and adverse events (AEs) during NTB treatment. Moreover, to evaluate the efficacy of the NTB + IS combination therapy, we divided the patients into two groups: one received only NTB (NTB group), and the other received both NTB and IS (NTB + IS group) following the diagnosis of CTD-associated PF-ILD. We analyzed the differences in the changes of these variables between the two groups. RESULTS Twenty-six patients with CTD-associated PF-ILD were included. After NTB treatment, there were no significant deteriorations in FVC (%) and DLCO (%), while the monthly change in FVC (%/month) significantly increased (p < 0.001). The changes in FVC (%) and the monthly change in FVC (%/month) were significantly greater in the NTB + IS group than in the NTB group. Following NTB treatment, the mean serum KL-6 levels significantly decreased (p < 0.001). AEs associated with NTB in this study were similar to those in previous clinical trials, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of AEs between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that NTB is an effective medication for slowing the progression of CTD-associated PF-ILD in real-world settings. NTB + IS combination therapy for CTD-associated PF-ILD may be more effective than NTB alone in slowing the progression of CTD-associated PF-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ushio
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita- gun, Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Risa Wakiya
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita- gun, Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Kameda
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita- gun, Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Shusaku Nakashima
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita- gun, Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiromi Shimada
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita- gun, Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Taichi Miyagi
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita- gun, Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Koichi Sugihara
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita- gun, Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Rina Mino
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita- gun, Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Mao Mizusaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita- gun, Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kanako Chujo
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita- gun, Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kagawa
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita- gun, Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hayamasa Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita- gun, Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Kadowaki
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita- gun, Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Dobashi
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rheumatology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita- gun, Kagawa, Kagawa, 761-0793, Japan
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Allam RM, El Kerdawy AM, Gouda AE, Ahmed KA, Abdel-Mohsen HT. Benzimidazole-oxindole hybrids as multi-kinase inhibitors targeting melanoma. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107243. [PMID: 38457953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, a series of benzimidazole-oxindole conjugates 8a-t were designed and synthesized as type II multi-kinase inhibitors. They exhibited moderate to potent inhibitory activity against BRAFWT up to 99.61 % at 10 µM. Notably, compounds 8e, 8k, 8n and 8s demonstrated the most promising activity, with 99.44 to 99.61 % inhibition. Further evaluation revealed that 8e, 8k, 8n and 8s exhibit moderate to potent inhibitory effects on the kinases BRAFV600E, VEGFR-2, and FGFR-1. Additionally, compounds 8a-t were screened for their cytotoxicity by the NCI, and several compounds showed significant growth inhibition in diverse cancer cell lines. Compound 8e stood out with a GI50 range of 1.23 - 3.38 µM on melanoma cell lines. Encouraged by its efficacy, it was further investigated for its antitumor activity and mechanism of action, using sorafenib as a reference standard. The hybrid compound 8e exhibited potent cellular-level suppression of BRAFWT, VEGFR-2, and FGFR-1 in A375 cell line, surpassing the effects of sorafenib. In vivo studies demonstrate that 8e significantly inhibits the growth of B16F10 tumors in mice, leading to increased survival rates and histopathological tumor regression. Furthermore, 8e reduces angiogenesis markers, mRNA expression levels of VEGFR-2 and FGFR-1, and production of growth factors. It also downregulated Notch1 protein expression and decreased TGF-β1 production. Molecular docking simulations suggest that 8e binds as a promising type II kinase inhibitor in the target kinases interacting with the key regions in their kinase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Allam
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical and Clinical Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Gouda
- Pharmaceutical Research Department, Nawah Scientific, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Heba T Abdel-Mohsen
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
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Ling S, Kwak D, Takuwa Y, Ge C, Franceschi R, Kim KK. Discoidin domain receptor 2 signaling through PIK3C2α in fibroblasts promotes lung fibrosis. J Pathol 2024; 262:505-516. [PMID: 38332727 PMCID: PMC10940211 DOI: 10.1002/path.6253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis, especially idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), portends significant morbidity and mortality, and current therapeutic options are suboptimal. We have previously shown that type I collagen signaling through discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2), a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by fibroblasts, is critical for the regulation of fibroblast apoptosis and progressive fibrosis. However, the downstream signaling pathways for DDR2 remain poorly defined and could also be attractive potential targets for therapy. A recent phosphoproteomic approach indicated that PIK3C2α, a poorly studied member of the PI3 kinase family, could be a downstream mediator of DDR2 signaling. We hypothesized that collagen I/DDR2 signaling through PIK3C2α regulates fibroblast activity during progressive fibrosis. To test this hypothesis, we found that primary murine fibroblasts and IPF-derived fibroblasts stimulated with endogenous or exogenous type I collagen led to the formation of a DDR2/PIK3C2α complex, resulting in phosphorylation of PIK3C2α. Fibroblasts treated with an inhibitor of PIK3C2α or with deletion of PIK3C2α had fewer markers of activation after stimulation with TGFβ and more apoptosis after stimulation with a Fas-activating antibody. Finally, mice with fibroblast-specific deletion of PIK3C2α had less fibrosis after bleomycin treatment than did littermate control mice with intact expression of PIK3Cα. Collectively, these data support the notion that collagen/DDR2/PIK3C2α signaling is critical for fibroblast function during progressive fibrosis, making this pathway a potential target for antifibrotic therapy. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ling
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Doyun Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yoh Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Chunxi Ge
- Departments of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Renny Franceschi
- Departments of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kevin K. Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Katoh M, Loriot Y, Brandi G, Tavolari S, Wainberg ZA, Katoh M. FGFR-targeted therapeutics: clinical activity, mechanisms of resistance and new directions. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:312-329. [PMID: 38424198 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling via FGF receptors (FGFR1-4) orchestrates fetal development and contributes to tissue and whole-body homeostasis, but can also promote tumorigenesis. Various agents, including pan-FGFR inhibitors (erdafitinib and futibatinib), FGFR1/2/3 inhibitors (infigratinib and pemigatinib), as well as a range of more-specific agents, have been developed and several have entered clinical use. Erdafitinib is approved for patients with urothelial carcinoma harbouring FGFR2/3 alterations, and futibatinib and pemigatinib are approved for patients with cholangiocarcinoma harbouring FGFR2 fusions and/or rearrangements. Clinical benefit from these agents is in part limited by hyperphosphataemia owing to off-target inhibition of FGFR1 as well as the emergence of resistance mutations in FGFR genes, activation of bypass signalling pathways, concurrent TP53 alterations and possibly epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related isoform switching. The next generation of small-molecule inhibitors, such as lirafugratinib and LOXO-435, and the FGFR2-specific antibody bemarituzumab are expected to have a reduced risk of hyperphosphataemia and the ability to overcome certain resistance mutations. In this Review, we describe the development and current clinical role of FGFR inhibitors and provide perspective on future research directions including expansion of the therapeutic indications for use of FGFR inhibitors, combination of these agents with immune-checkpoint inhibitors and the application of novel technologies, such as artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yohann Loriot
- Drug Development Department (DITEP), Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U981, Institut Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Zev A Wainberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Masaru Katoh
- M & M Precision Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
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Aboshouk DR, Youssef MA, Bekheit MS, Hamed AR, Girgis AS. Antineoplastic indole-containing compounds with potential VEGFR inhibitory properties. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5690-5728. [PMID: 38362086 PMCID: PMC10866129 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08962b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most significant health challenges worldwide. Various techniques, tools and therapeutics/materials have been developed in the last few decades for the treatment of cancer, together with great interest, funding and efforts from the scientific society. However, all the reported studies and efforts seem insufficient to combat the various types of cancer, especially the advanced ones. The overexpression of tyrosine kinases is associated with cancer proliferation and/or metastasis. VEGF, an important category of tyrosine kinases, and its receptors (VEGFR) are hyper-activated in different cancers. Accordingly, they are known as important factors in the angiogenesis of different tumors and are considered in the development of effective therapeutic approaches for controlling many types of cancer. In this case, targeted therapeutic approaches are preferable to the traditional non-selective approaches to minimize the side effects and drawbacks associated with treatment. Several indole-containing compounds have been identified as effective agents against VEGFR. Herein, we present a summary of the recent indolyl analogs reported within the last decade (2012-2023) with potential antineoplastic and VEGFR inhibitory properties. The most important drugs, natural products, synthesized potent compounds and promising hits/leads are highlighted. Indoles functionalized and conjugated with various heterocycles beside spiroindoles are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia R Aboshouk
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - M Adel Youssef
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University Helwan Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Bekheit
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Hamed
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Adel S Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
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7
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Fultang N, Schwab AM, McAneny-Droz S, Grego A, Rodgers S, Torres BV, Heiser D, Scherle P, Bhagwat N. PBRM1 loss is associated with increased sensitivity to MCL1 and CDK9 inhibition in clear cell renal cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1343004. [PMID: 38371625 PMCID: PMC10869502 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1343004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
MCL1 is a member of the BCL2 family of apoptosis regulators, which play a critical role in promoting cancer survival and drug resistance. We previously described PRT1419, a potent, MCL1 inhibitor with anti-tumor efficacy in various solid and hematologic malignancies. To identify novel biomarkers that predict sensitivity to MCL1 inhibition, we conducted a gene essentiality analysis using gene dependency data generated from CRISPR/Cas9 cell viability screens. We observed that clear cell renal cancer (ccRCC) cell lines with damaging PBRM1 mutations displayed a strong dependency on MCL1. PBRM1 (BAF180), is a chromatin-targeting subunit of mammalian pBAF complexes. PBRM1 is frequently altered in various cancers particularly ccRCC with ~40% of tumors harboring damaging PBRM1 alterations. We observed potent inhibition of tumor growth and induction of apoptosis by PRT1419 in various preclinical models of PBRM1-mutant ccRCC but not PBRM1-WT. Depletion of PBRM1 in PBRM1-WT ccRCC cell lines induced sensitivity to PRT1419. Mechanistically, PBRM1 depletion coincided with increased expression of pro-apoptotic factors, priming cells for caspase-mediated apoptosis following MCL1 inhibition. Increased MCL1 activity has been described as a resistance mechanism to Sunitinib and Everolimus, two approved agents for ccRCC. PRT1419 synergized with both agents to potently inhibit tumor growth in PBRM1-loss ccRCC. PRT2527, a potent CDK9 inhibitor which depletes MCL1, was similarly efficacious in monotherapy and in combination with Sunitinib in PBRM1-loss cells. Taken together, these findings suggest PBRM1 loss is associated with MCL1i sensitivity in ccRCC and provide rationale for the evaluation of PRT1419 and PRT2527 for the treatment for PBRM1-deficient ccRCC.
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Desai SA, Patel VP, Bhosle KP, Nagare SD, Thombare KC. The tumor microenvironment: shaping cancer progression and treatment response. J Chemother 2024:1-30. [PMID: 38179655 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2300224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer progression and treatment response. It comprises a complex network of stromal cells, immune cells, extracellular matrix, and blood vessels, all of which interact with cancer cells and influence tumor behaviour. This review article provides an in-depth examination of the TME, focusing on stromal cells, blood vessels, signaling molecules, and ECM, along with commonly available therapeutic compounds that target these components. Moreover, we explore the TME as a novel strategy for discovering new anti-tumor drugs. The dynamic and adaptive nature of the TME offers opportunities for targeting specific cellular interactions and signaling pathways. We discuss emerging approaches, such as combination therapies that simultaneously target cancer cells and modulate the TME. Finally, we address the challenges and future prospects in targeting the TME. Overcoming drug resistance, improving drug delivery, and identifying new therapeutic targets within the TME are among the challenges discussed. We also highlight the potential of personalized medicine and the integration of emerging technologies, such as immunotherapy and nanotechnology, in TME-targeted therapies. This comprehensive review provides insights into the TME and its therapeutic implications. Understanding the TME's complexity and targeting its components offer promising avenues for the development of novel anti-tumor therapies and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharav A Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Kopargaon, India
| | - Vipul P Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Kopargaon, India
| | - Kunal P Bhosle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Kopargaon, India
| | - Sandip D Nagare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Kopargaon, India
| | - Kirti C Thombare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Kopargaon, India
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Joannes A, Voisin T, Morzadec C, Letellier A, Gutierrez FL, Chiforeanu DC, Le Naoures C, Guillot S, De Latour BR, Rouze S, Jaillet M, Crestani B, Wollin L, Jouneau S, Vernhet L. Anti-fibrotic effects of nintedanib on lung fibroblasts derived from patients with Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases (PF-ILDs). Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 83:102267. [PMID: 37972706 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib has been recently approved for the treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs) that manifest a progressive fibrosis phenotype other than Idiopathic pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). Nintedanib reduces the development of lung fibrosis in various animal models resembling features of PF-ILD and in vitro, it inhibits the fibrosing phenotype of human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) isolated from patients with IPF. To get insight on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive the clinical efficiency of nintedanib in patients with non-IPF PF-ILD, we investigated its effects on the fibrosing functions of HLFs derived from patients with PF-hypersensitivity pneumonitis (PF-HP, n = 7), PF-sarcoidosis (n = 5) and pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE, n = 4). HLFs were treated with nintedanib (10 nM-1 μM) and then stimulated with PDGF-BB (25-50 ng/ml) or TGF-β1 (1 ng/ml) for 24-72 h to assess proliferation and migration or differentiation. At nanomolar concentrations, nintedanib reduced the levels of PDGF receptor and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, the proliferation and the migration of PF-HP, PF-sarcoidosis and PPFE HLFs stimulated with PDGF-BB. Moreover, nintedanib also attenuates the myofibroblastic differentiation driven by TGF-β1 but only when it is used at 1 μM. The drug reduced the phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 and decreased the induction of collagen, fibronectin and α-smooth muscle actin expression induced by TGF-β1. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that nintedanib counteracts fundamental fibrosing functions of lung fibroblasts derived from patients with PF-HP, PF-sarcoidosis and PPFE, at concentrations previously reported to inhibit control and IPF HLFs. Such effects may contribute to its clinical benefit in patients suffering from these irreversible ILDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Joannes
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Tom Voisin
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Claudie Morzadec
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Alice Letellier
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Cécile Le Naoures
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphanie Guillot
- Department of Respiratory Physiology, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
| | | | - Simon Rouze
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Madeleine Jaillet
- Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1152, FHU APOLLO, Labex INFLAMEX, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Université de Paris, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1152, FHU APOLLO, Labex INFLAMEX, Paris, France; Department of Pulmonology, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat, FHU APOLLO, Inserm 1152, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Lutz Wollin
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co, KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stéphane Jouneau
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France; Department of Respiratory Diseases, Competence Center for Rare Pulmonary Disease, Rennes University Hospital, 35033, Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Vernhet
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
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Basalova N, Alexandrushkina N, Grigorieva O, Kulebyakina M, Efimenko A. Fibroblast Activation Protein Alpha (FAPα) in Fibrosis: Beyond a Perspective Marker for Activated Stromal Cells? Biomolecules 2023; 13:1718. [PMID: 38136590 PMCID: PMC10742035 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of tissue fibrosis is a complex process involving the interaction of multiple cell types, which makes the search for antifibrotic agents rather challenging. So far, myofibroblasts have been considered the key cell type that mediated the development of fibrosis and thus was the main target for therapy. However, current strategies aimed at inhibiting myofibroblast function or eliminating them fail to demonstrate sufficient effectiveness in clinical practice. Therefore, today, there is an unmet need to search for more reliable cellular targets to contribute to fibrosis resolution or the inhibition of its progression. Activated stromal cells, capable of active proliferation and invasive growth into healthy tissue, appear to be such a target population due to their more accessible localization in the tissue and their high susceptibility to various regulatory signals. This subpopulation is marked by fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPα). For a long time, FAPα was considered exclusively a marker of cancer-associated fibroblasts. However, accumulating data are emerging on the diverse functions of FAPα, which suggests that this protein is not only a marker but also plays an important role in fibrosis development and progression. This review aims to summarize the current data on the expression, regulation, and function of FAPα regarding fibrosis development and identify promising advances in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Basalova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia (O.G.); (A.E.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Natalya Alexandrushkina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia (O.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Olga Grigorieva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia (O.G.); (A.E.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Maria Kulebyakina
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Anastasia Efimenko
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Educational Centre, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia (O.G.); (A.E.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia;
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11
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Ling S, Kwak D, Kim KK. Inhibition of discoidin domain receptor 2 reveals kinase-dependent and kinase-independent functions in regulating fibroblast activity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 325:L342-L351. [PMID: 37489274 PMCID: PMC10625828 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00066.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating condition and current treatment is suboptimal. There has been considerable interest in the role of tyrosine kinase signaling as mediators of pro- and antifibrotic processes. Nintedanib is a nonspecific tyrosine kinase that has been shown to have therapeutic benefit in lung fibrosis. However, the precise mechanism of action remains unclear because nintedanib inhibits several tyrosine kinases, which are often expressed on multiple cell types with different activities during fibrosis. Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) has been suggested as a potential target of nintedanib. DDR2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by fibrillar collagens such as type I collagen. DDR2 is primarily expressed by fibroblasts. The effectiveness of specifically targeting DDR2 signaling during fibrosis remains undefined. In the present study, we show that nintedanib acts as a direct and indirect inhibitor of DDR2. We then utilize a novel allosteric inhibitor of DDR2, WRG-28, which blocks ligand binding and activation of DDR2. We find that WRG-28 augments fibroblast apoptosis and attenuates fibrosis. Finally, we show that fibroblast type I collagen autocrine signaling is regulated by DDR2 through both kinase-dependent and kinase-independent functions of DDR2. These findings highlight the importance of type I collagen autocrine signaling by fibroblasts during fibrosis and demonstrate that DDR2 has a central role in this pathway making it a potential therapeutic target.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Type I collagen is a major component of fibrosis and can signal through cell surface receptors such as discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2). DDR2 activation can lead to further collagen deposition by fibroblasts setting up a profibrotic positive feedback loop. In this report, we find that inhibition of DDR2 with nintedanib or a specific DDR2 inhibitor, WRG-28, can disrupt this cycle and prevent fibrosis through augmented fibroblast apoptosis and inhibited activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ling
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Doyun Kwak
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Kevin K Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
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12
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Shaker ME, Gomaa HAM, Abdelgawad MA, El-Mesery M, Shaaban AA, Hazem SH. Emerging roles of tyrosine kinases in hepatic inflammatory diseases and therapeutic opportunities. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110373. [PMID: 37257270 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation has been convicted of causing and worsening many liver diseases like acute liver failure, fibrosis, cirrhosis, fatty liver and liver cancer. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) like TLRs 4 and 9 localized on resident or recruited immune cells are well known cellular detectors of pathogen and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs). Stimulation of these receptors generates the sterile and non-sterile inflammatory responses in the liver. When these responses are repeated, there will be a sustained liver injury that may progress to fibrosis and its outcomes. Crosstalk between inflammatory/fibrogenic-dependent streams and certain tyrosine kinases (TKs) has recently evolved in the context of hepatic diseases. Because of TKs increasing importance, their role should be elucidated to highlight effective approaches to manage the diverse liver disorders. This review will give a brief overview of types and functions of some TKs like BTK, JAKs, Syk, PI3K, Src and c-Abl, as well as receptors for TAM, PDGF, EGF, VEGF and HGF. It will then move to discuss the roles of these TKs in the regulation of the proinflammatory, fibrogenic and tumorigenic responses in the liver. Lastly, the therapeutic opportunities for targeting TKs in hepatic inflammatory disorders will be addressed. Overall, this review sheds light on the diverse TKs that have substantial roles in hepatic disorders and potential therapeutics modulating their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Shaker
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hesham A M Gomaa
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Mesery
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Division of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ahmed A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmacology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 11152, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Sara H Hazem
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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13
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Marqués M, Corral S, Sánchez-Díaz M, Del Pozo N, Martínez de Villarreal J, Schweifer N, Zagorac I, Hilberg F, Real FX. Tumor and Stromal Cell Targeting with Nintedanib and Alpelisib Overcomes Intrinsic Bladder Cancer Resistance. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:616-629. [PMID: 36805958 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a highly prevalent tumor, requiring the urgent development of novel therapies, especially for locally advanced and metastatic disease. Nintedanib is a potent antifibrotic angio-kinase inhibitor, which has shown clinical efficacy in combination with chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Nintedanib inhibits fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), validated targets in patients with bladder cancer harboring FGFR3/2 genetic alterations. Here, we aimed at studying its mechanisms of action to understand therapy resistance, identify markers predictive of response, and improve the design of future clinical trials. We have used a panel of genetically well-characterized human bladder cancer cells to identify the molecular and transcriptomic changes induced upon treatment with nintedanib, in vitro and in vivo, at the tumor and stroma cell levels. We showed that bladder cancer cells display an intrinsic resistance to nintedanib treatment in vitro, independently of their FGFR3 status. However, nintedanib has higher antitumor activity on mouse xenografts. We have identified PI3K activation as a resistance mechanism against nintedanib in bladder cancer and evidenced that the combination of nintedanib with the PI3K inhibitor alpelisib has synergistic antitumor activity. Treatment with this combination is associated with cell-cycle inhibition at the tumoral and stromal levels and potent nontumor cell autonomous effects on α-smooth muscle actin-positive tumor infiltrating cells and tumor vasculature. The combination of nintedanib with PI3K inhibitors not only reversed bladder cancer resistance to nintedanib but also enhanced its antiangiogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Marqués
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Corral
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Díaz
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Del Pozo
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ivana Zagorac
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Spanish National Center for Cardiovascular Research-CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Hilberg
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co. KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francisco X Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Medicina i Ciències de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Deshmukh R, Prajapati M, Harwansh RK. A review on emerging targeted therapies for the management of metastatic colorectal cancers. Med Oncol 2023; 40:159. [PMID: 37097307 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancers are among the most commonly found cancers over the world. In spite of the recent advancements in diagnosis and prognosis, the management of this metastatic condition remains a challenge. The utility of monoclonal antibodies in the healing of patients with colorectal cancer has opened a new chapter in the quest for newer therapies. The resistance to the standard treatment regimen made it mandatory to search for newer targets. Mutagenic alterations in the gene engaged in cellular differentiation and growth pathway have been the reason for resistance to treatment. The newer therapies target the various proteins and receptors involved in the signal transduction and down streaming pathways leading to cell proliferation. This review presents an insight into the newer targeted therapies for colorectal cancer involving tyrosine kinase blockers, epidermal growth factor receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor, immune checkpoint therapy, and BRAF inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohitas Deshmukh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India.
| | - Mahendra Prajapati
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Ranjit K Harwansh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
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15
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Reck M, Popat S, Grohé C, Corral J, Novello S, Gottfried M, Brueckl W, Radonjic D, Kaiser R, Heymach J. Anti-angiogenic agents for NSCLC following first-line immunotherapy: Rationale, recent updates, and future perspectives. Lung Cancer 2023; 179:107173. [PMID: 36940614 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), with or without chemotherapy, as first-line treatment for patients who do not have actionable mutations has proved to be a major paradigm shift in the management of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the transition of ICIs, such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab, to a first-line setting has left an unmet need for effective second-line treatment options, which is an area of intense research. In 2020, we reviewed the biological and mechanistic rationale for anti-angiogenic agents in combination with, or following, immunotherapy with the aim of eliciting a so called 'angio-immunogenic' switch in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we review the latest clinical evidence of the benefits of incorporating anti-angiogenic agents into treatment regimens. While there is a paucity of prospective data, several recent observational studies indicate that the marketed anti-angiogenic drugs, nintedanib or ramucirumab, are effective in combination with docetaxel following immuno-chemotherapy. Addition of anti-angiogenics, like bevacizumab, have also demonstrated clinical benefit when combined with first-line immuno-chemotherapy regimens. Ongoing clinical trials are assessing these agents in combination with ICIs, with encouraging early results (e.g., ramucirumab plus pembrolizumab in LUNG-MAP S1800A). Also, several emerging anti-angiogenic agents combined with ICIs are currently being assessed in phase III trials following immunotherapy, including lenvatinib (LEAP-008), and sitravatinib (SAPPHIRE) It is hoped that these trials will help expand second-line treatment options in patients with NSCLC. Areas of focus in the future will include further molecular dissection of the mechanisms of resistance to immunotherapy and the various response-progression profiles to immunotherapy observed in the clinic and the monitoring of the dynamics of immunomodulation over the course of treatment. Improved understanding of these phenomena may help identify clinical biomarkers and inform the optimal use of anti-angiogenics in the treatment of individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reck
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Airway Research Center North (ARCN) Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), LungenClinic, Großhansdorf, Germany.
| | - Sanjay Popat
- Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jesus Corral
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra en Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | | | - Wolfgang Brueckl
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Nuremberg Lung Cancer Center, General Hospital Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Dejan Radonjic
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Rolf Kaiser
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany; Institute of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - John Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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van Gijsel-Bonnello M, Darling NJ, Tanaka T, Di Carmine S, Marchesi F, Thomson S, Clark K, Kurowska-Stolarska M, McSorley HJ, Cohen P, Arthur JSC. Salt-inducible kinase 2 regulates fibrosis during bleomycin-induced lung injury. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102644. [PMID: 36309093 PMCID: PMC9706632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and normally fatal disease with limited treatment options. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib has recently been approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and its effectiveness has been linked to its ability to inhibit a number of receptor tyrosine kinases including the platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor receptors. We show here that nintedanib also inhibits salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2), with a similar IC50 to its reported tyrosine kinase targets. Nintedanib also inhibited the related kinases SIK1 and SIK3, although with 12-fold and 72-fold higher IC50s, respectively. To investigate if the inhibition of SIK2 may contribute to the effectiveness of nintedanib in treating lung fibrosis, mice with kinase-inactive knockin mutations were tested using a model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. We found that loss of SIK2 activity protects against bleomycin-induced fibrosis, as judged by collagen deposition and histological scoring. Loss of both SIK1 and SIK2 activity had a similar effect to loss of SIK2 activity. Total SIK3 knockout mice have a developmental phenotype making them unsuitable for analysis in this model; however, we determined that conditional knockout of SIK3 in the immune system did not affect bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Together, these results suggest that SIK2 is a potential drug target for the treatment of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel van Gijsel-Bonnello
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola J Darling
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Research Centre of Specialty, Ono Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Samuele Di Carmine
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Marchesi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Thomson
- Biological Services, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Kristopher Clark
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Mariola Kurowska-Stolarska
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Cohen
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - J Simon C Arthur
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
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17
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Sharma V, Gupta M. Designing of kinase hinge binders: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:968-980. [PMID: 35112799 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinases are key regulators of cellular signaling and play a critical role in oncogenesis. Inhibitors of protein kinases are pursued by both industry and academia as a promising target for cancer therapy. Within the protein kinases, the ATP site has produced more than 40 FDA-approved drugs. The ATP site is broadly composed of a hinge region, gatekeeper residues, DFG-loop, ribose pocket, and other hydrophobic regions. The hinge region in the ATP site can be used for designing potent inhibitors. In this review, we discuss some representative studies that will highlight the interactions of heterocyclic compounds with hinge regions of different kinases like BRAF kinase, EGRF kinase, MAP kinase, and Mps1 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Mohit Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,GreenLight Biosciences, Woburn, MA, United States
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18
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Grohé C, Wehler T, Dechow T, Henschke S, Schuette W, Dittrich I, Hammerschmidt S, Müller-Huesmann H, Schumann C, Krüger S, Atz J, Kaiser R. Nintedanib plus docetaxel after progression on first-line immunochemotherapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma: Cohort C of the non-interventional study, VARGADO. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022; 11:2010-2021. [PMID: 36386456 PMCID: PMC9641040 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with or without chemotherapy represent first-line standard of care for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without targetable driver mutations. The most appropriate second-line therapy after failing immunochemotherapy remains an open question. Nintedanib, an oral triple angiokinase inhibitor that targets the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor, and, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, in combination with docetaxel, is approved for treatment of advanced NSCLC (adenocarcinoma histology) following progression on first-line chemotherapy. METHODS VARGADO (NCT02392455) is an ongoing, prospective, non-interventional study investigating the efficacy and safety of nintedanib plus docetaxel following first-line chemotherapy with or without ICIs in patients with locally advanced, metastatic, or locally recurrent NSCLC of adenocarcinoma histology. This analysis focuses on Cohort C, which enrolled patients who had received prior first line chemotherapy with ICIs. Patients received second-line docetaxel (75 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) by intravenous infusion on Day 1, plus oral nintedanib (200 mg twice daily) on Days 2-21 of each 21-day cycle during routine clinical care. The primary endpoint is overall survival (OS) rate 1 year after the start of treatment with nintedanib plus docetaxel. Secondary endpoints include progression-free survival (PFS), OS, and disease control rate (DCR). Safety was also assessed. RESULTS Among 137 patients treated, the median age was 63 years (range, 37-84); 57 patients (41.6%) were female, most patients had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 (28.5%) or 1 (43.1%); 118 (86.1%) had stage IV NSCLC and 27 (19.7%) had brain metastases. Most (n=120, 87.6%) patients had received pembrolizumab/pemetrexed/platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment. In 80 patients with available response data, the DCR was 72.5% (complete response: 1.3%; partial response: 36.3%; stable disease: 35.0%). Median progression-free survival was 4.8 months (95% confidence interval: 3.7-6.6). OS data were immature. Grade ≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), serious TEAEs, and TEAEs leading to treatment discontinuation were reported in 62 (45.3%), 50 (36.5%), and 40 patients (29.2%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This analysis indicates that nintedanib plus docetaxel represents an effective second-line treatment option in patients with advanced adenocarcinoma NSCLC following progression on first-line immunochemotherapy. The safety profile was manageable with no unexpected signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Grohé
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, ELK Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Wehler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Pneumology and Palliative Medicine, EVK, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Hamm, Hamm, Germany
| | - Tobias Dechow
- Private Oncology Practice Ravensburg, Ravensburg, Germany
| | - Sven Henschke
- Innere Medizin V, Medizinische Klinik, Universitätskliniken des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Christian Schumann
- Clinic for Pneumology, Thoracic Oncology, Sleep- and Respiratory Critical Care, Allgaeu Hospitals, Kempten and Immenstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Krüger
- Department of Pulmonology/Allergology/Sleep Medicine and Respiratory Care, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Judith Atz
- Medical Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Rolf Kaiser
- Medical Affairs, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany;,Institute of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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19
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Chhetri D, Vengadassalapathy S, Venkadassalapathy S, Balachandran V, Umapathy VR, Veeraraghavan VP, Jayaraman S, Patil S, Iyaswamy A, Palaniyandi K, Gnanasampanthapandian D. Pleiotropic effects of DCLK1 in cancer and cancer stem cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:965730. [PMID: 36250024 PMCID: PMC9560780 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.965730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a protein molecule, has been identified as a tumor stem cell marker in the cancer cells of gastrointestinal, pancreas, and human colon. DCLK1 expression in cancers, such as breast carcinoma, lung carcinoma, hepatic cell carcinoma, tuft cells, and human cholangiocarcinoma, has shown a way to target the DCLK1 gene and downregulate its expression. Several studies have discussed the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation along with neoplastic cell arrest when the DCLK1 gene, which is expressed in both cancer and normal cells, was targeted successfully. In addition, previous studies have shown that DCLK1 plays a vital role in various cancer metastases. The correlation of DCLK1 with numerous stem cell receptors, signaling pathways, and genes suggests its direct or an indirect role in promoting tumorigenesis. Moreover, the impact of DCLK1 was found to be related to the functioning of an oncogene. The downregulation of DCLK1 expression by using targeted strategies, such as embracing the use of siRNA, miRNA, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, nanomolecules, specific monoclonal antibodies, and silencing the pathways regulated by DCLK1, has shown promising results in both in vitro and in vivo studies on gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. In this review, we will discuss about the present understanding of DCLK1 and its role in the progression of GI cancer and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyashree Chhetri
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Srinivasan Vengadassalapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | | | - Varadharaju Balachandran
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Vidhya Rekha Umapathy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
| | - Ashok Iyaswamy
- Centre for Parkinsons Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kanagaraj Palaniyandi
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Kanagaraj Palaniyandi, ; Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian,
| | - Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian
- Cancer Science Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
- *Correspondence: Kanagaraj Palaniyandi, ; Dhanavathy Gnanasampanthapandian,
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20
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Choukaife H, Seyam S, Alallam B, Doolaanea AA, Alfatama M. Current Advances in Chitosan Nanoparticles Based Oral Drug Delivery for Colorectal Cancer Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:3933-3966. [PMID: 36105620 PMCID: PMC9465052 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s375229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As per the WHO, colorectal cancer (CRC) caused around 935,173 deaths worldwide in 2020 in both sexes and at all ages. The available anticancer therapies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and anticancer drugs are all associated with limited therapeutic efficacy, adverse effects and low chances. This has urged to emerge several novel therapeutic agents as potential therapies for CRC including synthetic and natural materials. Orally administrable and targeted drug delivery systems are attractive strategies for CRC therapy as they minimize the side effects, enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Nevertheless, oral drug delivery till today faces several challenges like poor drug solubility, stability, and permeability. Various oral nano-based approaches and targeted drug delivery systems have been developed recently, as a result of the ability of nanoparticles to control the release of the encapsulant, drug targeting and reduce the number of dosages administered. The unique physicochemical properties of chitosan polymer assist to overcome oral drug delivery barriers and target the colon tumour cells. Chitosan-based nanocarriers offered additional improvements by enhancing the stability, targeting and bioavailability of several anti-colorectal cancer agents. Modified chitosan derivatives also facilitated CRC targeting through strengthening the protection of encapsulant against acidic and enzyme degradation of gastrointestinal track (GIT). This review aims to provide an overview of CRC pathology, therapy and the barriers against oral drug delivery. It also emphasizes the role of nanotechnology in oral drug targeted delivery system and the growing interest towards chitosan and its derivatives. The present review summarizes the relevant works to date that have studied the potential applications of chitosan-based nanocarrier towards CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Choukaife
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Terengganu, 22200, Malaysia
| | - Salma Seyam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Terengganu, 22200, Malaysia
| | - Batoul Alallam
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, 13200, Malaysia
| | - Abd Almonem Doolaanea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, 25200, Malaysia
| | - Mulham Alfatama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Terengganu, 22200, Malaysia
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21
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Hesse C, Beneke V, Konzok S, Diefenbach C, Bülow Sand JM, Rønnow SR, Karsdal MA, Jonigk D, Sewald K, Braun A, Leeming DJ, Wollin L. Nintedanib modulates type III collagen turnover in viable precision-cut lung slices from bleomycin-treated rats and patients with pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res 2022; 23:201. [PMID: 35927669 PMCID: PMC9351157 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02116-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodelling is important in the disease pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). We characterised neoepitope biomarkers released by ECM turnover in lung tissue from bleomycin-treated rats and patients with PF and analysed the effects of two antifibrotic drugs: nintedanib and pirfenidone. METHODS Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) were prepared from bleomycin-treated rats or patients with PF. PCLS were incubated with nintedanib or pirfenidone for 48 h, and levels of neoepitope biomarkers of type I, III and VI collagen formation or degradation (PRO-C1, PRO-C3, PRO-C6 and C3M) as well as fibronectin (FBN-C) were assessed in the culture supernatants. RESULTS In rat PCLS, incubation with nintedanib led to a reduction in C3M, reflecting type III collagen degradation. In patient PCLS, incubation with nintedanib reduced the levels of PRO-C3 and C3M, thus showing effects on both formation and degradation of type III collagen. Incubation with pirfenidone had a marginal effect on PRO-C3. There were no other notable effects of either nintedanib or pirfenidone on the other neoepitope biomarkers studied. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that nintedanib modulates neoepitope biomarkers of type III collagen turnover and indicated that C3M is a promising translational neoepitope biomarker of PF in terms of therapy assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Hesse
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
| | - Valerie Beneke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Konzok
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Diefenbach
- Translational Medicine + Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Katherina Sewald
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
| | - Armin Braun
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine ITEM, Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), Member of Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Lutz Wollin
- Translational Medicine + Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany.
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22
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Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Amplified in Diffuse-Type Gastric Carcinoma: Potential Targeted Therapies and Novel Downstream Effectors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153750. [PMID: 35954414 PMCID: PMC9367326 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC) is an aggressive subtype of gastric carcinoma with an extremely poor prognosis due to frequent peritoneal metastasis and high probability of recurrence. Its pathogenesis is poorly understood, and consequently, no effective molecular targeted therapy is available. The importance of oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling has been recently demonstrated in the malignant progression of DGC. In particular, RTK gene amplification appears to accelerate peritoneal metastasis. In this review, we provide an overview of RTK gene amplification in DGC and the potential of related targeted therapies. Abstract Gastric cancer (GC) is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Patients with an aggressive subtype of GC, known as diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC), have extremely poor prognoses. DGC is characterized by rapid infiltrative growth, massive desmoplastic stroma, frequent peritoneal metastasis, and high probability of recurrence. These clinical features and progression patterns of DGC substantially differ from those of other GC subtypes, suggesting the existence of specific oncogenic signals. The importance of gene amplification and the resulting aberrant activation of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling in the malignant progression of DGC is becoming apparent. Here, we review the characteristics of RTK gene amplification in DGC and its importance in peritoneal metastasis. These insights may potentially lead to new targeted therapeutics.
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23
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Awasthi N, Schwarz MA, Zhang C, Klinz SG, Meyer-Losic F, Beaufils B, Thiagalingam A, Schwarz RE. Augmenting Experimental Gastric Cancer Activity of Irinotecan through Liposomal Formulation and Antiangiogenic Combination Therapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:1149-1159. [PMID: 35500018 PMCID: PMC9377761 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Combination chemotherapy remains the standard treatment for advanced GAC. Liposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) has improved pharmacokinetics (PK) and drug biodistribution compared with irinotecan (IRI, CPT-11). Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of GAC. We evaluated the antitumor efficacy of nal-IRI in combination with novel antiangiogenic agents in GAC mouse models. Animal survival studies were performed in peritoneal dissemination xenografts. Tumor growth and PK studies were performed in subcutaneous xenografts. Compared with controls, extension in animal survival by nal-IRI and IRI was >156% and >94%, respectively. The addition of nintedanib or DC101 extended nal-IRI response by 13% and 15%, and IRI response by 37% and 31% (MKN-45 xenografts); nal-IRI response by 11% and 3%, and IRI response by 16% and 40% (KATO-III xenografts). Retardation of tumor growth was greater with nal-IRI (92%) than IRI (71%). Nintedanib and DC101 addition tend to augment nal-IRI or IRI response in this model. The addition of antiangiogenic agents enhanced tumor cell proliferation inhibition effects of nal-IRI or IRI. The tumor vasculature was decreased by nintedanib (65%) and DC101 (58%), while nal-IRI and IRI alone showed no effect. PK characterization in GAC xenografts demonstrated that compared with IRI, nal-IRI treatment groups had higher retention, circulation time, and tumor levels of CPT-11 and its active metabolite SN-38. These findings indicate that nal-IRI, alone and in combination with antiangiogenic agents, has the potential for improving clinical GAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Awasthi
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana.,Corresponding Author: Niranjan Awasthi, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1234 N Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN 46617. Phone: 574-631-5780; E-mail:
| | - Margaret A. Schwarz
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangming, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Roderich E. Schwarz
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, South Bend, Indiana.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana.,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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24
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Wang Q, Tang B, Sun D, Dong Y, Ji Y, Shi H, Zhou L, Yang Y, Luo M, Tan Q, Chen L, Dong Y, Li C, Xie R, Zang Y, Shen J, Xiong B, Li J, Chen D. Discovery of 4-cyclopropyl-3-(2-((1-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) amino) quinazolin-6-yl)-N-(3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl) benzamides as potent discoidin domain receptor inhibitors for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1943-1962. [PMID: 35847490 PMCID: PMC9279635 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic fatal lung disease with a median survival time of 3–5 years. Inaccurate diagnosis, limited clinical therapy and high mortality together indicate that the development of effective therapeutics for IPF is an urgent need. In recent years, it was reported that DDRs are potential targets in anti-fibrosis treatment. Based on previous work we carried out further structure modifications and led to a more selective inhibitor 47 by averting some fibrosis-unrelated kinases, such as RET, AXL and ALK. Extensive profiling of compound 47 has demonstrated that it has potent DDR1/2 inhibitory activities, low toxicity, good pharmacokinetic properties and reliable in vivo anti-fibrosis efficacy. Therefore, we confirmed that discoidin domain receptors are promising drug targets for IPF, and compound 47 would be a promising candidate for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bixi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dandan Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinchun Ji
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Huanyu Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liwei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yueyue Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Menglan Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Qian Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yue Dong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rongrong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jingkang Shen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Xiong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +86 21 50806600 5412, fax: +86 21 50807088.
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +86 21 50806600 5412, fax: +86 21 50807088.
| | - Danqi Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel: +86 21 50806600 5412, fax: +86 21 50807088.
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25
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Malekan M, Ebrahimzadeh MA. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors [VEGFR] as Target in Breast Cancer Treatment: Current Status in Preclinical and Clinical Studies and Future Directions. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:891-920. [PMID: 35260067 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220308161710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer [BC] is one of the most common cancers among women, one of the leading causes of a considerable number of cancer-related death globally. Among all procedures leading to the formation of breast tumors, angiogenesis has an important role in cancer progression and outcomes. Therefore, various anti-angiogenic strategies have developed so far to enhance treatment's efficacy in different types of BC. Vascular endothelial growth factors [VEGFs] and their receptors are regarded as the most well-known regulators of neovascularization. VEGF binding to vascular endothelial growth factor receptors [VEGFRs] provides cell proliferation and vascular tissue formation by the subsequent tyrosine kinase pathway. VEGF/VEGFR axis displays an attractive target for anti-angiogenesis and anti-cancer drug design. This review aims to describe the existing literature regarding VEGFR inhibitors, focusing on BC treatment reported in the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Malekan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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26
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Liang M, Matteson EL, Abril A, Distler JH. The role of antifibrotics in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221074457. [PMID: 35186127 PMCID: PMC8852164 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221074457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The major pulmonary complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is interstitial lung disease (ILD), which causes significant morbidity and mortality and influences the natural course of disease. Recent advances in the management of arthritis have improved patient outcomes. However, exceptionally high medical needs still remain for effective therapies for the patients with ILD in RA. Better understanding of the shared and distinct pathophysiology of fibrotic diseases led to the development of novel antifibrotic agents such as nintedanib and pirfenidone. The further stratification analysis of the phase III INBUILD trial demonstrated beneficial effects of nintedanib in RA-ILD with a progressive phenotype by reducing the rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) over 52 weeks by 60%. Pirfenidone is another antifibrotic agent currently under phase II clinical study (TRAIL1) aiming to evaluate its effects for RA-ILD. This review provides an overview of state-of-the-art pathogenesis and the current therapeutic options for RA-ILD, with a focus on antifibrotic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minrui Liang
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric L. Matteson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andy Abril
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Jörg H.W. Distler
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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27
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Targeted Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems to Restore Docetaxel Sensitivity in Resistant Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020292. [PMID: 35214025 PMCID: PMC8876228 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of chemotherapeutic agents such as docetaxel (DTX) in anticancer therapy is often correlated to side effects and the occurrence of drug resistance, which substantially impair the efficacy of the drug. Here, we demonstrate that self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) coated with enoxaparin (Enox) are a promising strategy to deliver DTX in resistant tumors. DTX partition studies between the SEDDS pre-concentrate and the release medium (water) suggest that the drug is well retained within the SEDDS upon dilution in the release medium. All SEDDS formulations show droplets with a mean diameter between 110 and 145 nm following dilution in saline and negligible hemolytic activity; the droplet size remains unchanged upon sterilization. Enox-coated SEDDS containing DTX exhibit an enhanced inhibition of cell growth compared to the control on cells of different solid tumors characterized by high levels of FGFR, which is due to an increased DTX internalization mediated by Enox. Moreover, only Enox-coated SEDDS are able to restore the sensitivity to DTX in resistant cells expressing MRP1 and BCRP by inhibiting the activity of these two main efflux transporters for DTX. The efficacy and safety of these formulations is also confirmed in vivo in resistant non-small cell lung cancer xenografts.
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28
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Real-World Efficacy of Nintedanib Plus Docetaxel After Progression on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Results From the Ongoing, Non-interventional VARGADO Study. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022; 34:459-468. [PMID: 35012901 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nintedanib plus docetaxel in patients with advanced adenocarcinoma non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who progressed after chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS VARGADO (NCT02392455) is an ongoing, prospective, non-interventional, real-world study of nintedanib plus docetaxel after first-line chemotherapy in the routine clinical treatment of patients with locally advanced, metastatic or locally recurrent adenocarcinoma NSCLC. Data were collected during routine visits. We report the results from cohort B (n = 80), who received third-line nintedanib plus docetaxel after first-line chemotherapy and second-line ICI therapy. RESULTS The median duration of follow-up was 12.4 months. Median progression-free survival from initiation of third-line nintedanib plus docetaxel was 6.4 months (95% confidence interval 4.8, 7.3); median overall survival was 12.1 months (95% confidence interval 9.4, 13.5). The 1-year overall survival rate after initiation of third-line nintedanib plus docetaxel treatment (primary end point) was 52% (95% confidence interval 38.0%, 64.4%). Among 64 patients with a documented response, the objective response rate was 50% (n = 32; one complete response and 31 partial responses) and the disease control rate was 86% (n = 55). There were no new safety signals or unexpected toxicities. Among all treated patients, 74% (n = 59) experienced drug-related adverse events, most commonly (nintedanib-related/docetaxel-related) diarrhoea (34%/24%), a decreased white blood cell count (11%/19%) and nausea (13%/16%). CONCLUSIONS Nintedanib plus docetaxel demonstrated a high response rate and disease stabilisation in the third-line setting after failure of prior chemotherapy and ICI treatment, with a manageable safety profile. These results suggest that nintedanib plus docetaxel represents an efficient treatment option after failure of prior ICIs. The ongoing VARGADO study provides valuable real-world data to inform clinical decision-making regarding treatment sequencing after chemotherapy and ICI failure in patients with adenocarcinoma NSCLC.
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29
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Lengyel CG, Hussain S, Seeber A, Jamil Nidhamalddin S, Trapani D, Habeeb BS, Elfaham E, Mazher SA, Seid F, Khan SZ, El Bairi K, Odhiambo A, Altuna SC, Petrillo A. FGFR Pathway Inhibition in Gastric Cancer: The Golden Era of an Old Target? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:81. [PMID: 35054474 PMCID: PMC8778800 DOI: 10.3390/life12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. The majority of patients are diagnosed at an advanced/metastatic stage of disease due to a lack of specific symptoms and lack of screening programs, especially in Western countries. Thus, despite the improvement in GC therapeutic opportunities, the survival is disappointing, and the definition of the optimal treatment is still an unmet need. Novel diagnostic techniques were developed in clinical trials in order to characterize the genetic profile of GCs and new potential molecular pathways, such as the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) pathway, were identified in order to improve patient's survival by using target therapies. The aim of this review is to summarize the role and the impact of FGFR signaling in GC and to provide an overview regarding the potential effectiveness of anti-FGFR agents in GC treatment in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csongor G. Lengyel
- Head and Neck Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Sadaqat Hussain
- Oncology Department, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK;
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | | | | | - Baker S. Habeeb
- Medical Oncology, Shaqlawa Teaching Hospital, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Essam Elfaham
- Department of Hematoncology, Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC), Kuwait City 20001, Kuwait;
| | - Syed Ayub Mazher
- Division of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Clements University Hospital, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Fahmi Seid
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa 1560, Ethiopia;
| | - Shah Z. Khan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, BINOR Cancer Hospital, Bannu 28000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Andrew Odhiambo
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00202, Kenya;
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30
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Hochmair MJ, Kolb R, Wurm R, Zach H, Bittner N. Nintedanib plus Docetaxel after Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Failure in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Series. Case Rep Oncol 2022; 15:138-148. [PMID: 35350799 PMCID: PMC8921945 DOI: 10.1159/000520939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) lacking an actionable driver mutation have included the approval of immunotherapies, such as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. However, limited evidence exists to guide clinical decision-making after progression with immunotherapy. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway promotes tumor angiogenesis and the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Anti-VEGF treatment is postulated to favor an immunosupportive TME through an "angio-immunogenic switch." Nintedanib, an anti-VEGF receptor treatment, is approved in the EU and other countries, in combination with docetaxel for the treatment of locally advanced, metastatic, or locally recurrent adenocarcinoma NSCLC after failure of first-line chemotherapy. We present a case series from 5 patients treated with nintedanib plus docetaxel, after chemotherapy and immunotherapy, during routine clinical practice in Austria and Hungary. Four patients were treated with nintedanib plus docetaxel as a second- or third-line treatment after chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and a fifth patient received immunotherapy before and after nintedanib plus docetaxel. Although these patients would typically have a poor prognosis, each achieved a partial response with nintedanib plus docetaxel, with response duration from 8 months to over 30 months. Adverse events were manageable. The fifth patient case shows that nintedanib does not preclude later-line immunotherapy or chemotherapy, supporting the angio-immunogenic switch hypothesis. Overall, the case studies indicate that nintedanib plus docetaxel is an effective and well tolerated treatment, after sequential or combined chemo-immunotherapy for advanced NSCLC, and is compatible with a rechallenge with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Johannes Hochmair
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Kolb
- Department of Pulmonology, Klinikum Wels-Grieskirchen, Wels, Austria
| | - Robert Wurm
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Herwig Zach
- Boehringer Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Bittner
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Emerging Therapeutic Agents for Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247463. [PMID: 34946546 PMCID: PMC8707340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There are promising new therapeutic agents for CRC patients, including novel small-molecule inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockers. We focused on emerging CRC’s therapeutic agents that have shown the potential for progress in clinical practice. This review provides an overview of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting VEGF and KIT, BRAF and MEK inhibitors, TLR9 agonist, STAT3 inhibitors, and immune checkpoint blockers (PD1/PDL-1 inhibitors), for which recent advances have been reported. These new agents have the potential to provide benefits to CRC patients with unmet medical needs.
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Chen P, Lu S, Pan B, Xu Y. Development, Optimization, and Pharmacokinetics Study of Bufalin/Nintedanib Co-loaded Modified Albumin Sub-microparticles Fabricated by Coaxial Electrostatic Spray Technology. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:13. [PMID: 34888752 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coaxial electrostatic spray technology has received extensive attention in fabricating micro/nanoparticles for drug delivery. However, there are few reports on applying this technology in preparing albumin nanoparticles. In this study, the bufalin (BF) and nintedanib (NDNB) co-loaded ursodeoxycholic acid and p-biguanides benzoic acid decorated albumin sub-microparticles (BN-DUB subMPs) were fabricated by coaxial electrostatic spray technology and optimized by central composite design. Five percent of albumin (contained 0.7% polyethylene oxide) solution was selected as the shell solution which ejected through outer axis with the flow rate of 0.07 mm/min, while the core solution which contained by BF and NDNB ethanol solution was ejected through inner axis with the flow rate of 0.05 mm/min. In vitro cell studies revealed that the modified albumin possessed good biocompatibility. What's more, the BN-DUB subMPs enhanced the inhibitory effect on the growth of LLC cells efficiently. The pharmacokinetics study showed that the t1/2 and AUC0-t of BN-DUB subMPs increased significantly compared with that of the drug solution, which indicated the improved in vivo stability of modified albumin nanoparticles. Thus, this study provided a novel and simple technical platform for the development of albumin-based drug carriers.
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Ooki A, Yamaguchi K. The beginning of the era of precision medicine for gastric cancer with fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 aberration. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:1169-1183. [PMID: 34398359 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-021-01235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the systemic treatment of metastatic gastric cancer (GC), prognostic outcomes remain poor. Considerable research effort has been invested in characterizing the genomic landscape of GC and identifying potential therapeutic targets. FGFR2 is one of the most attractive targets because aberrations in this gene are frequently associated with GC, particularly the diffuse type in Lauren's classification, which confers an unfavorable prognosis. Based on the preclinical data, the FGFR2 signaling pathway plays a key role in the development and progression of GC, and several FGFR inhibitors have been clinically assessed. However, the lack of robust treatment efficacy has hampered precision medicine for patients with FGFR2-aberrant GC. Recently, the clinical benefits of the FGFR2-IIIb-selective monoclonal antibody bemarituzumab for FGFR2b-positive GC patients were shown in a randomized phase II FIGHT trial of bemarituzumab combined with the first-line chemotherapy. This trial demonstrates proof of concept, suggesting that FGFR2 is a relevant therapeutic target for patients with FGFR2b-positive GC and that bemarituzumab brings new hope for diffuse-type GC patients. In this review, we summarize the oncogenic roles of FGFR2 signaling and highlight the most recent advances in FGFR inhibitors based on the findings of pivotal clinical trials for patients with FGFR2-aberrant GC. Thus, the era of precision medicine for patients with FGFR2-aberrant GC will be opened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Ooki
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan
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A Drug-Drug Interaction Study to Investigate the Effect of Nintedanib on the Pharmacokinetics of Microgynon (Ethinylestradiol and Levonorgestrel) in Female Patients with Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 47:81-89. [PMID: 34664183 PMCID: PMC8752527 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-021-00728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Nintedanib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and other chronic fibrosing ILDs with a progressive phenotype. As nintedanib may cause foetal harm, patients taking nintedanib should avoid pregnancy. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nintedanib co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of Microgynon (ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel) in female patients with SSc-ILD. Methods This was an open-label, two-period, fixed-sequence, drug–drug interaction study. Female patients with SSc and ≥ 10% extent of fibrotic ILD on a high-resolution computed tomography scan were eligible to participate. In Period 1, patients received one Microgynon tablet (ethinylestradiol 30 μg and levonorgestrel 150 μg) ≥ 3 days before the first administration of nintedanib in Period 2. In Period 2, patients received one Microgynon tablet following intake of nintedanib 150 mg twice daily for ≥ 10 consecutive days. The primary pharmacokinetic endpoints were the areas under the plasma concentration–time curve of ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel over the time interval from 0 to the last quantifiable data point (AUC0–tz) and the maximum measured concentrations of ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel in plasma (Cmax). The secondary pharmacokinetic endpoint was the area under the plasma concentration–time curve of ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel over the time interval from 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUC0–∞). The relative exposures of ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel when administered alone and in combination with nintedanib were assessed using an ANOVA model. Results Seventeen patients were treated. Pharmacokinetic data from 15 patients were analysed. Plasma concentration–time profiles of ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel were similar following administration of Microgynon before and after administration of nintedanib for ≥ 10 consecutive days. Adjusted geometric mean (gMean) ratios [90% confidence intervals (CIs)] for AUC0‒tz (101.4% [92.8, 110.7]) and AUC0‒∞ (101.2% [94.0, 109.1]) indicated that there was no difference in total ethinylestradiol exposure when Microgynon was administered before or after administration of nintedanib. The adjusted gMean ratio for Cmax of ethinylestradiol (116.7% [90% CI 107.6, 126.5]) indicated an increase in peak exposure in the presence of nintedanib. Adjusted gMean ratios [90% CIs] for AUC0-tz (96.4% [91.5, 101.6]) and Cmax (100.9% [89.9, 113.2]) indicated that there was no difference in total or peak levonorgestrel exposure when Microgynon was administered before or after administration of nintedanib. The adjusted gMean ratio for AUC0‒∞ of levonorgestrel indicated a decrease in total exposure in the presence of nintedanib (88.1% [90% CI 80.0, 97.0]). Conclusion Pharmacokinetic data indicate that there is no relevant effect of nintedanib on plasma exposure to ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel in female patients with SSc-ILD. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03675581.
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Inoue Y, Suda T, Kitamura H, Okamoto M, Azuma A, Inase N, Kuwana M, Makino S, Nishioka Y, Ogura T, Takizawa A, Ugai H, Stowasser S, Schlenker-Herceg R, Takeuchi T. Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in Japanese patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases: Subgroup analysis of the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 INBUILD trial. Respir Med 2021; 187:106574. [PMID: 34564020 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2021.106574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of nintedanib in progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) was demonstrated in the randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled INBUILD trial. This subgroup analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of nintedanib in the Japanese population. METHODS Patients with progressive fibrosing ILDs (evaluated by physicians within 24 months of screening) were randomised (1:1) to twice-daily 150-mg nintedanib or placebo; treatment continued until the last patient completed 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was the annual rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) over 52 weeks. Time-to-first acute ILD exacerbation or death and time-to-death up until the last patient had completed the week 52 visit were evaluated. This subgroup analysis included 108 Japanese patients. RESULTS The adjusted annual rates of FVC decline (mL/year) over 52 weeks for Japanese patients were -148.31 (nintedanib) and -240.36 (placebo), adjusted difference: 92.05 (95% CI: -10.69-194.80) and for non-Japanese patients were -67.41 (nintedanib) and -177.65 (placebo), adjusted difference: 110.24 (95% CI: 64.97-155.52). No heterogeneity in treatment effect between Japanese and non-Japanese subgroups was observed (treatment-by-subgroup interaction, p = 0.75). The risks of "acute exacerbation or death" (hazard ratio, 0.30 [95% CI: 0.10-0.91]) and mortality (hazard ratio, 0.54 [95% CI: 0.14-2.11]) in Japanese patients were numerically lower for nintedanib than placebo. There were no new or unexpected safety findings. CONCLUSIONS In Japanese patients, nintedanib slowed ILD progression, evidenced by a reduction in the annual rate of decline in FVC vs placebo. The efficacy and safety of nintedanib in Japanese patients were consistent with the overall INBUILD population. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT02999178 (21-Dec-2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Inoue
- National Hospital Organization Kinki-Chuo Chest Medical Center, Clinical Research Center, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Hideya Kitamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Masaki Okamoto
- Kurume University School of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Neurology, and Rheumatology, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Arata Azuma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naohiko Inase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hiratsuka Kyosai Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Makino
- Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Mishima-Minami Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiko Nishioka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Aspriţoiu VM, Stoica I, Bleotu C, Diaconu CC. Epigenetic Regulation of Angiogenesis in Development and Tumors Progression: Potential Implications for Cancer Treatment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:689962. [PMID: 34552922 PMCID: PMC8451900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.689962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a multi-stage process of new blood vessel development from pre-existing vessels toward an angiogenic stimulus. The process is essential for tissue maintenance and homeostasis during embryonic development and adult life as well as tumor growth. Under normal conditions, angiogenesis is involved in physiological processes, such as wound healing, cyclic regeneration of the endometrium, placental development and repairing certain cardiac damage, in pathological conditions, it is frequently associated with cancer development and metastasis. The control mechanisms of angiogenesis in carcinogenesis are tightly regulated at the genetic and epigenetic level. While genetic alterations are the critical part of gene silencing in cancer cells, epigenetic dysregulation can lead to repression of tumor suppressor genes or oncogene activation, becoming an important event in early development and the late stages of tumor development, as well. The global alteration of the epigenetic spectrum, which includes DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, microRNAs, and other chromatin components, is considered one of the hallmarks of cancer, and the efforts are concentrated on the discovery of molecular epigenetic markers that identify cancerous precursor lesions or early stage cancer. This review aims to highlight recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic changes that can occur in physiological and pathological angiogenesis and analyze current knowledge on how deregulation of epigenetic modifiers contributes to tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance. Also, we will evaluate the clinical relevance of epigenetic markers of angiogenesis and the potential use of "epi-drugs" in modulating the responsiveness of cancer cells to anticancer therapy through chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and hormone therapy as anti-angiogenic strategies in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ileana Stoica
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coralia Bleotu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania.,Romanian Academy, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest, Romania
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Saha D, Ryan KR, Lakkaniga NR, Acharya B, Garcia NG, Smith EL, Frett B. Targeting Rearranged during Transfection in Cancer: A Perspective on Small-Molecule Inhibitors and Their Clinical Development. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11747-11773. [PMID: 34402300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rearranged during transfection (RET) is a receptor tyrosine kinase essential for the normal development and maturation of a diverse range of tissues. Aberrant RET signaling in cancers, due to RET mutations, gene fusions, and overexpression, results in the activation of downstream pathways promoting survival, growth, and metastasis. Pharmacological manipulation of RET is effective in treating RET-driven cancers, and efforts toward developing RET-specific therapies have increased over the last 5 years. In 2020, RET-selective inhibitors pralsetinib and selpercatinib achieved clinical approval, which marked the first approvals for kinase inhibitors specifically developed to target the RET oncoprotein. This Perspective discusses current development and clinical applications for RET precision medicine by providing an overview of the incremental improvement of kinase inhibitors for use in RET-driven malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasmita Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 United States
| | - Katie Rose Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 United States
| | - Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 United States
| | - Baku Acharya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 United States
| | - Noemi Garcia Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 United States
| | - Erica Lane Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 United States
| | - Brendan Frett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205 United States
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Bosch-Barrera J, Verdura S, Ruffinelli JC, Carcereny E, Sais E, Cuyàs E, Palmero R, Lopez-Bonet E, Hernández-Martínez A, Oliveras G, Buxó M, Izquierdo A, Morán T, Nadal E, Menendez JA. Silibinin Suppresses Tumor Cell-Intrinsic Resistance to Nintedanib and Enhances Its Clinical Activity in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4168. [PMID: 34439322 PMCID: PMC8394850 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-angiogenic agent nintedanib has been shown to prolong overall and progression-free survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who progress after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy and second-line immunotherapy. Here, we explored the molecular basis and the clinical benefit of incorporating the STAT3 inhibitor silibinin-a flavonolignan extracted from milk thistle-into nintedanib-based schedules in advanced NSCLC. First, we assessed the nature of the tumoricidal interaction between nintedanib and silibinin and the underlying relevance of STAT3 activation in a panel of human NSCLC cell lines. NSCLC cells with poorer cytotoxic responses to nintedanib exhibited a persistent, nintedanib-unresponsive activated STAT3 state, and deactivation by co-treatment with silibinin promoted synergistic cytotoxicity. Second, we tested whether silibinin could impact the lysosomal sequestration of nintedanib, a lung cancer cell-intrinsic mechanism of nintedanib resistance. Silibinin partially, but significantly, reduced the massive lysosomal entrapment of nintedanib occurring in nintedanib-refractory NSCLC cells, augmenting the ability of nintedanib to reach its intracellular targets. Third, we conducted a retrospective, observational multicenter study to determine the efficacy of incorporating an oral nutraceutical product containing silibinin in patients with NSCLC receiving a nintedanib/docetaxel combination in second- and further-line settings (n = 59). Overall response rate, defined as the combined rates of complete and partial responses, was significantly higher in the study cohort receiving silibinin supplementation (55%) than in the control cohort (22%, p = 0.011). Silibinin therapy was associated with a significantly longer time to treatment failure in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 0.43, p = 0.013), despite the lack of overall survival benefit (hazard ratio 0.63, p = 0.190). Molecular mechanisms dictating the cancer cell-intrinsic responsiveness to nintedanib, such as STAT3 activation and lysosomal trapping, are amenable to pharmacological intervention with silibinin. A prospective, powered clinical trial is warranted to confirm the clinical relevance of these findings in patients with advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain; (E.S.); (A.H.-M.); (A.I.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 (Salt) Girona, Spain; (S.V.); (E.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Sara Verdura
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 (Salt) Girona, Spain; (S.V.); (E.C.); (M.B.)
| | - José Carlos Ruffinelli
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (J.C.R.); (R.P.); (E.N.)
| | - Enric Carcereny
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (E.C.); (T.M.)
- B-ARGO Group (Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Elia Sais
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain; (E.S.); (A.H.-M.); (A.I.)
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 (Salt) Girona, Spain; (S.V.); (E.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Ramon Palmero
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (J.C.R.); (R.P.); (E.N.)
| | - Eugeni Lopez-Bonet
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain; (E.L.-B.); (G.O.)
| | - Alejandro Hernández-Martínez
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain; (E.S.); (A.H.-M.); (A.I.)
| | - Gloria Oliveras
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain; (E.L.-B.); (G.O.)
| | - Maria Buxó
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 (Salt) Girona, Spain; (S.V.); (E.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Angel Izquierdo
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, 17007 Girona, Spain; (E.S.); (A.H.-M.); (A.I.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Epidemiology Unit and Girona Cancer Registry, Oncology Coordination Plan, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Teresa Morán
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (E.C.); (T.M.)
- B-ARGO Group (Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), 08916 Badalona, Spain
| | - Ernest Nadal
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Duran i Reynals, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (J.C.R.); (R.P.); (E.N.)
| | - Javier A. Menendez
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 (Salt) Girona, Spain; (S.V.); (E.C.); (M.B.)
- Program against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Metabolism & Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17190 (Salt) Girona, Spain
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Metzenmacher M, Rizzo F, Kambartel K, Panse J, Schaufler D, Scheffler M, Azeh I, Hoiczyk M, Turki AT, Atz J, Buchner H, Hoffmann C, C Christoph D. Real-world efficacy of docetaxel plus nintedanib after chemo-immunotherapy failure in advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma. Future Oncol 2021; 17:3965-3976. [PMID: 34287064 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This real-world analysis evaluated docetaxel plus nintedanib in patients with advanced pulmonary adenocarcinoma after chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitor failure, for whom treatment options are limited. Methods: Data were sourced retrospectively from seven German centers. Results: Of 93 patients, overall response rate was 41.4% (disease control rate: 75.9%). Of 57 patients given third-line docetaxel plus nintedanib, overall response rate was 50.0% (disease control rate: 82.7%). Median overall survival following third-line docetaxel plus nintedanib was 8.4 months. Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of docetaxel plus nintedanib. Conclusion: To date, this was the largest retrospective, real-world analysis of docetaxel plus nintedanib after chemotherapy-immunotherapy failure, indicating that docetaxel plus nintedanib offers meaningful clinical benefits in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Metzenmacher
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Filippo Rizzo
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Evang, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
| | - Kato Kambartel
- Department of Pneumology & Allergy, Lung Cancer Center, Bethanien Hospital Moers, Germany
| | - Jens Panse
- Department of Oncology, Haematology, Haemostaseology & Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Diana Schaufler
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine & University Hospital of Cologne; Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf; Network Genomic Medicine, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Scheffler
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine & University Hospital of Cologne; Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen Bonn Cologne Dusseldorf; Network Genomic Medicine, Lung Cancer Group Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ivo Azeh
- Onkologische Gemeinschaftspraxis und Tagesklinik, Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | - Mathias Hoiczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hematology, Oncology, Diabetology & Rheumatology, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Pastor-Janßen-Straße 8-38, Wesel 46483, Germany
| | - Amin T Turki
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen 45122, Germany.,Department of Hematology & Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen 45122, Germany
| | - Judith Atz
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Ingelheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniel C Christoph
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Evang, Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Essen, Germany
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Ahmed EY, Elserwy WS, El-Mansy MF, Serry AM, Salem AM, Abdou AM, Abdelrahman BA, Elsayed KH, Abd Elaziz MR. Angiokinase inhibition of VEGFR-2, PDGFR and FGFR and cell growth inhibition in lung cancer: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking of novel azaheterocyclic coumarin derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 48:128258. [PMID: 34246754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The present work represents the design and synthesis of some azaheterocyclic coumarin derivatives which are evaluated as anti-lung cancer agents. Ten out of the twenty azaheterocyclic compounds showed superior activity than the standard drug staurosporine against non-small cell lung cancer (A549). Representing the four different azaheterocyclic series, compounds 4a, 5d, 6e, and 7d, which demonstrated IC50s of 2.38, 2.39, 1.05 and 3.98 µM, respectively, each exhibiting the best cytotoxicity in its group, were selected for further assessment of their toxicity on normal lung cells (WI-38). Compound 4a was selected for further investigations because it remarkably revealed less cytotoxicity (IC50 = 53.76 µM) than 7d (IC50 = 19.95 µM) on (WI-38) compared to staurosporine (IC50 = 24.41 µM). 4a was assessed for its ability to inhibit the angiokinases VEGFR-2, PDGFR, FGFR and the growth factor EGFR, remarkably it showed better VEGFR-2, PDGFR, FGFR inhibition than the reference drugs used and exhibited as well noticeable EGFR inhibition. Going further, 4a was capable of arresting the cell cycle at pre-G1 phase and S phase and inducing apoptosis. Moreover, the capability of the target 4a to interact with the key amino acids of VEGFR-2 binding site was detected by molecular docking. Finally, the in silico physicochemical properties of 4a were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Y Ahmed
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre. Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Weam S Elserwy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre. Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F El-Mansy
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, Chemical Industries Division, National Research Centre. Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya M Serry
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdelrahman M Salem
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andrew M Abdou
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basel A Abdelrahman
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kenzi H Elsayed
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moaaz R Abd Elaziz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, Egypt
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Napolitano A, Ostler AE, Jones RL, Huang PH. Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) Signaling in GIST and Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061533. [PMID: 34204560 PMCID: PMC8235236 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies originating from mesenchymal tissues with limited therapeutic options. Recently, alterations in components of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway have been identified in a range of different sarcoma subtypes, most notably gastrointestinal stromal tumors, rhabdomyosarcomas, and liposarcomas. These alterations include genetic events such as translocations, mutations, and amplifications as well as transcriptional overexpression. Targeting FGFR has therefore been proposed as a novel potential therapeutic approach, also in light of the clinical activity shown by multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors in specific subtypes of sarcomas. Despite promising preclinical evidence, thus far, clinical trials have enrolled very few sarcoma patients and the efficacy of selective FGFR inhibitors appears relatively low. Here, we review the known alterations of the FGFR pathway in sarcoma patients as well as the preclinical and clinical evidence for the use of FGFR inhibitors in these diseases. Finally, we discuss the possible reasons behind the current clinical data and highlight the need for biomarker stratification to select patients more likely to benefit from FGFR targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Napolitano
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK; (A.N.); (A.E.O.); (R.L.J.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandra E. Ostler
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK; (A.N.); (A.E.O.); (R.L.J.)
| | - Robin L. Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK; (A.N.); (A.E.O.); (R.L.J.)
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Paul H. Huang
- The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-207-153-5554
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Neys SFH, Heukels P, van Hulst JAC, Rip J, Wijsenbeek MS, Hendriks RW, Corneth OBJ. Aberrant B Cell Receptor Signaling in Naïve B Cells from Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061321. [PMID: 34073225 PMCID: PMC8226954 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and ultimately fatal disease in which an impaired healing response to recurrent micro-injuries is thought to lead to fibrosis. Recent findings hint at a role for B cells and autoimmunity in IPF pathogenesis. We previously reported that circulating B cells from a fraction of patients, compared with healthy controls, express increased levels of the signaling molecule Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK). However, it remains unclear whether B cell receptor (BCR) signaling is altered in IPF. Here, we show that the response to BCR stimulation is enhanced in peripheral blood B cells from treatment-naïve IPF patients. We observed increased anti-immunoglobulin-induced phosphorylation of BTK and its substrate phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) in naïve but not in memory B cells of patients with IPF. In naïve B cells of IPF patients enhanced BCR signaling correlated with surface expression of transmembrane activator and calcium-modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor (TACI) but not B cell activating factor receptor (BAFFR), both of which provide pro-survival signals. Interestingly, treatment of IPF patients with nintedanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory activity, induced substantial changes in BCR signaling. These findings support the involvement of B cells in IPF pathogenesis and suggest that targeting BCR signaling has potential value as a treatment option.
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Mendoza FA, Piera-Velazquez S, Jimenez SA. Tyrosine kinases in the pathogenesis of tissue fibrosis in systemic sclerosis and potential therapeutic role of their inhibition. Transl Res 2021; 231:139-158. [PMID: 33422651 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an idiopathic autoimmune disease with a heterogeneous clinical phenotype ranging from limited cutaneous involvement to rapidly progressive diffuse SSc. The most severe SSc clinical and pathologic manifestations result from an uncontrolled fibrotic process involving the skin and various internal organs. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation and progression of the SSc fibrotic process have not been fully elucidated. Recently it has been suggested that tyrosine protein kinases play a role. The implicated kinases include receptor-activated tyrosine kinases and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. The receptor kinases are activated following specific binding of growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, or vascular endothelial growth factor). Other receptor kinases are the discoidin domain receptors activated by binding of various collagens, the ephrin receptors that are activated by ephrins and the angiopoetin-Tie-2s receptors. The nonreceptor tyrosine kinases c-Abl, Src, Janus, and STATs have also been shown to participate in SSc-associated tissue fibrosis. Currently, there are no effective disease-modifying therapies for SSc-associated tissue fibrosis. Therefore, extensive investigation has been conducted to examine whether tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may exert antifibrotic effects. Here, we review the role of receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases in the pathogenesis of the frequently progressive cutaneous and systemic fibrotic alterations in SSc, and the potential of TKIs as SSc disease-modifying antifibrotic therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian A Mendoza
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine and Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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van Geffen C, Deißler A, Quante M, Renz H, Hartl D, Kolahian S. Regulatory Immune Cells in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Friends or Foes? Front Immunol 2021; 12:663203. [PMID: 33995390 PMCID: PMC8120991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is receiving increasing attention for interstitial lung diseases, as knowledge on its role in fibrosis development and response to therapies is expanding. Uncontrolled immune responses and unbalanced injury-inflammation-repair processes drive the initiation and progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The regulatory immune system plays important roles in controlling pathogenic immune responses, regulating inflammation and modulating the transition of inflammation to fibrosis. This review aims to summarize and critically discuss the current knowledge on the potential role of regulatory immune cells, including mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, we review the emerging role of regulatory immune cells in anti-fibrotic therapy and lung transplantation. A comprehensive understanding of immune regulation could pave the way towards new therapeutic or preventive approaches in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiel van Geffen
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Astrid Deißler
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Quante
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Hartl
- Department of Pediatrics I, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Dominik Hartl, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Saeed Kolahian
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Marburg, Germany
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Xiaohong X, Liqiang W, Na L, Xinqing L, Yinyin Q, Ming L, Ming O, Qian H, Qun L, Shiyue L, Chunyan L, Xiaoqian W, Shuanying Y, Wei H, Mei L, Ping W, Chengzhi Z. Management and Prognosis of Interstitial Lung Disease With Lung Cancer (ILD-LC): A Real-World Cohort From Three Medical Centers in China. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:660800. [PMID: 33869290 PMCID: PMC8044367 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.660800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Interstitial lung disease with lung cancer (ILD-LC) is rare and its management has not been fully described. This study aimed to investigate the management and prognosis of ILD-LC patients in China. Methods The present analysis is a retrospective real-world cohort study. Clinical data of ILD-LC patients were obtained from 3 hospitals in China. The overall survival (OS) of patients was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed. Results One hundred eighty-four ILD-LC patients included were biased toward male (85.3%), smokers (75.5%), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (58.2%) patients with comorbidities (67.9%) and ECOG-PS score of 1 (65.2%). Most patients were advanced peripheral non-small cell lung cancer. The initial anti-cancer regimen for ILD-LC is mainly chemotherapy, and patients with early-stage LC prefer surgery. In the anti-cancer cohort, the number of ILD-LC patients who underwent the 2nd and 3rd or more anti-cancer regimens were 78 (55.7%) and 32 (22.8%), respectively. In the non-anticancer cohort, the median OS was 3.5 months. In the early-stage cohort, the median OS was 14.2 months in the systematic therapy group; however, the median OS was not reached in the surgery group. In the advanced-stage cohort with systematic therapy, the median OS was 7.2 months. Interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and anti-angiogenesis were associated with OS in the univariate analysis, whereas anti-angiogenesis was an independent protective factor for advanced LC with ILD. Conclusion Patients with ILD-LC have very poor prognosis. Appropriate anti-tumor treatment can prolong the survival time of patients who can tolerate it. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy are alternative treatments for LC patients with mild ILD. For ILD patients with advanced LC, antiangiogenic regimens significantly improve the prognosis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Xiaohong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of the Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Liqiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of the Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Na
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Xinqing
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of the Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yinyin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of the Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of the Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ouyang Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of the Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of the Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luo Qun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of the Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Shiyue
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of the Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Chunyan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Xiaoqian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Shuanying
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huang Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Mei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wang Ping
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Chengzhi
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of the Respiratory Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Ubieta K, Thomas MJ, Wollin L. The Effect of Nintedanib on T-Cell Activation, Subsets and Functions. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:997-1011. [PMID: 33727792 PMCID: PMC7954282 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s288369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background T cells are important regulators of inflammation and, via release of mediators, can contribute to pulmonary fibrosis. Nintedanib is approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) and chronic fibrosing ILDs with a progressive phenotype. However, how nintedanib targets T cells has not been elucidated. Materials and Methods We investigated the immunomodulatory effects of nintedanib on T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from healthy donors. Cells were pre-incubated with different concentrations of nintedanib and then stimulated for 24 hours with anti-CD3 with or without anti-CD28 and with or without different cytokines. Levels of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p70 and IL-13 were quantitated. Western blotting with primary antibodies against phospho-Lck-Y394, phospho-Lck-Y505, Lck-total and Cofilin examined the phosphorylation level of the Lck protein. In vitro T-cell proliferation, T-cell clustering and different T-cell populations were also assessed. Results Nintedanib blocked T-cell activation through inhibiting Lck-Y394 phosphorylation. Pretreatment of T cells with nintedanib reduced cluster formation as a marker of activation and inhibited the release of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p70 and IL-13 at clinically relevant concentrations ranging from 5–77 nmol/L. Nintedanib did not alter T-cell proliferation or numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, but did increase stimulated Th17-like cells without increasing IL-17A levels. Conclusion These immunomodulatory effects may further explain how nintedanib slows the progression of pulmonary fibrosis in various ILDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenia Ubieta
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Matthew James Thomas
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Lutz Wollin
- Immunology & Respiratory Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
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Neuwelt AJ, Kimball AK, Johnson AM, Arnold BW, Bullock BL, Kaspar RE, Kleczko EK, Kwak JW, Wu MH, Heasley LE, Doebele RC, Li HY, Nemenoff RA, Clambey ET. Cancer cell-intrinsic expression of MHC II in lung cancer cell lines is actively restricted by MEK/ERK signaling and epigenetic mechanisms. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000441. [PMID: 32312906 PMCID: PMC7204826 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) targeted immunotherapy affords clinical benefit in ~20% of unselected patients with lung cancer. The factor(s) that determine whether a tumor responds or fails to respond to immunotherapy remains an active area of investigation. We have previously defined divergent responsiveness of two KRAS-mutant cell lines to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade using an orthotopic, immunocompetent mouse model. Responsiveness to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade correlates with an interferon gamma (IFNγ)-inducible gene signature and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) expression by cancer cells. In the current study, we aim to identify therapeutic targets that can be manipulated in order to enhance cancer-cell-specific MHC II expression. METHODS Responsiveness to IFNγ and induction of MHC II expression was assessed after various treatment conditions in mouse and human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines using mass cytometric and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS Single-cell analysis using mass and flow cytometry demonstrated that IFNγ consistently induced PD-L1 and MHC class I (MHC I) across multiple murine and human NSCLC cell lines. In contrast, MHC II showed highly variable induction following IFNγ treatment both between lines and within lines. In mouse models of NSCLC, MHC II induction was inversely correlated with basal levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, suggesting potential mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase-dependent antagonism of MHC II expression. To test this, cell lines were subjected to varying levels of stimulation with IFNγ, and assessed for MHC II expression in the presence or absence of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors. IFNγ treatment in the presence of MEK inhibitors significantly enhanced MHC II induction across multiple lung cancer lines, with minimal impact on expression of either PD-L1 or MHC I. Inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) also enhanced MHC II expression to a more modest extent. Combined MEK and HDAC inhibition led to greater MHC II expression than either treatment alone. CONCLUSIONS These studies emphasize the active inhibitory role that epigenetic and ERK signaling cascades have in restricting cancer cell-intrinsic MHC II expression in NSCLC, and suggest that combinatorial blockade of these pathways may engender new responsiveness to checkpoint therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Neuwelt
- Medical Oncology, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Abigail K Kimball
- Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amber M Johnson
- Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Benjamin W Arnold
- Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bonnie L Bullock
- Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachael E Kaspar
- Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Emily K Kleczko
- Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeff W Kwak
- Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Meng-Han Wu
- Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lynn E Heasley
- Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.,VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert C Doebele
- Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Howard Y Li
- Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Medical Service, Pulmonary Section, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eric T Clambey
- Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Liu G, Chen T, Ding Z, Wang Y, Wei Y, Wei X. Inhibition of FGF-FGFR and VEGF-VEGFR signalling in cancer treatment. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13009. [PMID: 33655556 PMCID: PMC8016646 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The sites of targeted therapy are limited and need to be expanded. The FGF‐FGFR signalling plays pivotal roles in the oncogenic process, and FGF/FGFR inhibitors are a promising method to treat FGFR‐altered tumours. The VEGF‐VEGFR signalling is the most crucial pathway to induce angiogenesis, and inhibiting this cascade has already got success in treating tumours. While both their efficacy and antitumour spectrum are limited, combining FGF/FGFR inhibitors with VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors are an excellent way to optimize the curative effect and expand the antitumour range because their combination can target both tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment. In addition, biomarkers need to be developed to predict the efficacy, and combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors is a promising direction in the future. The article will discuss the FGF‐FGFR signalling pathway, the VEGF‐VEGFR signalling pathway, the rationale of combining these two signalling pathways and recent small‐molecule FGFR/VEGFR inhibitors based on clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihong Liu
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Cardiology Department, Chengdu NO.7 People's Hospital, Chengdu Tumor Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenyu Ding
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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49
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Spagnolo P, Distler O, Ryerson CJ, Tzouvelekis A, Lee JS, Bonella F, Bouros D, Hoffmann-Vold AM, Crestani B, Matteson EL. Mechanisms of progressive fibrosis in connective tissue disease (CTD)-associated interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:143-150. [PMID: 33037004 PMCID: PMC7815631 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), which can arise from a broad spectrum of distinct aetiologies, can manifest as a pulmonary complication of an underlying autoimmune and connective tissue disease (CTD-ILD), such as rheumatoid arthritis-ILD and systemic sclerosis (SSc-ILD). Patients with clinically distinct ILDs, whether CTD-related or not, can exhibit a pattern of common clinical disease behaviour (declining lung function, worsening respiratory symptoms and higher mortality), attributable to progressive fibrosis in the lungs. In recent years, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib has demonstrated efficacy and safety in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), SSc-ILD and a broad range of other fibrosing ILDs with a progressive phenotype, including those associated with CTDs. Data from phase II studies also suggest that pirfenidone, which has a different-yet largely unknown-mechanism of action, may also have activity in other fibrosing ILDs with a progressive phenotype, in addition to its known efficacy in IPF. Collectively, these studies add weight to the hypothesis that, irrespective of the original clinical diagnosis of ILD, a progressive fibrosing phenotype may arise from common, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of fibrosis involving pathways associated with the targets of nintedanib and, potentially, pirfenidone. However, despite the early proof of concept provided by these clinical studies, very little is known about the mechanistic commonalities and differences between ILDs with a progressive phenotype. In this review, we explore the biological and genetic mechanisms that drive fibrosis, and identify the missing evidence needed to provide the rationale for further studies that use the progressive phenotype as a target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Spagnolo
- Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova School of Medicine and Surgery, Padova, Italy
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher J Ryerson
- Department of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Argyris Tzouvelekis
- Department of Respiratory and Internal Medicine, University of Patras Faculty of Medicine, Patras, Greece
| | - Joyce S Lee
- School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Francesco Bonella
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Disease Unit, University of Duisburg-Essen, Ruhrlandklinik, Essen, Germany
| | - Demosthenes Bouros
- Department of Pneumonology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Bruno Crestani
- Inserm U1152, Université de Paris, F-75018, Paris, France
- Department of Pneumonology, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, F-75018, Paris, France
| | - Eric L Matteson
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Fu DW, Liu AC. LncRNA SBF2-AS1 Promotes Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Growth by Regulating FGFR2 via Sponging miR-494-3p. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:571-578. [PMID: 33519236 PMCID: PMC7837595 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s284258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Currently, there is no efficient and feasible method for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in clinical practice, and the main reason is the unclear pathogenesis of DLBCL, which leads to a high fatality rate of DLBCL. Methods Therefore, it is meaningful to explore the molecular mechanism of DLBCL and find a targeted therapeutic approach from the molecular level. Results Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) SBF2-AS1 was highly expressed in DLBCL tissues and cell lines. Silencing of SBF2-AS1 inhibited the viability and growth of OCI-LY-3 cells. Furthermore, SBF2-AS1 acted as a sponge of miR-494-3p and inhibited its expression. And miR-494-3p directly targeted FGFR2. Functionally, forced expression of miR-494-3p or knockdown of FGFR2 removed the promoted effects of lncRNA SBF2-AS1 on DLBCL development. In vivo tumorigenesis experiments indicated SBF2-AS1 accelerated tumor growth via miR-494-3p/FGFR2 axis. Conclusion Our study revealed that SBF2-AS1 promoted the growth of DLBCL, which were mediated by miR-494-3p/FGFR2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Wei Fu
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Chun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, People's Republic of China
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