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Díaz-Sánchez L, Zentella-Dehesa A, Castro-Torres VA, Silva-Jiménez N, Jacobo-Herrera NJ, Martínez-Vázquez M. Evaluations of Anticancer Effects of Combinations of Cisplatin and Tirucallane-Type Triterpenes Isolated from Amphipterygium adstringens (Schltdl). Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300893. [PMID: 37695827 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic activity of combinations of masticadienonic (AMD) or 3αOH-hydroxy-masticadienonic (3αOH-AMD) acids with cisplatin (CDDP) was evaluated against PC3 prostate and HCT116 colon cancer cell lines. Combinations A (half the IC50 value), B (IC50 value), and C (twice the IC50 value) were tested at a 1 : 1 ratio. All AMD plus CDDP combinations demonstrated increased cytotoxic effect, as determined by the sulforhodamine B test, in both cell types. The best combination was B, which showed 93 % and 91 % inhibition of the proliferation of PC3 and HCT116 cells, respectively. It also increased apoptosis in the PC3 cell lines, as evaluated by flow cytometry. However, in vivo tests showed no additional activity from the AMD plus CDDP combinations. These results showed that the increased cytotoxic activity of the combinations in vitro did not reflect in vivo tests. All combinations of 3αOH-AMD plus CDDP exerted antagonistic effects in both cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Díaz-Sánchez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C. Exterior, C. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, México (MMV)
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán INCMNSZ., C. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080 CDMX, México (NJJH)
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C. Mario de La Cueva, C.Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, México
| | - Víctor Alberto Castro-Torres
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C. Exterior, C. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, México (MMV)
| | - Noemi Silva-Jiménez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C. Exterior, C. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, México (MMV)
| | - Nadia Judith Jacobo-Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán INCMNSZ., C. Vasco de Quiroga 15, Tlalpan, 14080 CDMX, México (NJJH)
| | - Mariano Martínez-Vázquez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C. Exterior, C. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, CDMX, México (MMV)
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2
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Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer and Associated Gene Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246246. [PMID: 36551731 PMCID: PMC9777152 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, over 100,000 women are diagnosed with a gynecologic malignancy every year, with ovarian cancer being the most lethal. One of the hallmark characteristics of ovarian cancer is the development of resistance to chemotherapeutics. While the exact mechanisms of chemoresistance are poorly understood, it is known that changes at the cellular and molecular level make chemoresistance challenging to treat. Improved therapeutic options are needed to target these changes at the molecular level. Using a precision medicine approach, such as gene therapy, genes can be specifically exploited to resensitize tumors to therapeutics. This review highlights traditional and novel gene targets that can be used to develop new and improved targeted therapies, from drug efflux proteins to ovarian cancer stem cells. The review also addresses the clinical relevance and landscape of the discussed gene targets.
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3
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Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071663. [PMID: 33916221 PMCID: PMC8037571 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (OC) has limited treatment options and is associated with a poor prognosis. There appears to be an overlap between molecular mechanisms responsible for platinum resistance and immunogenicity in OC. Immunotherapy with single agent checkpoint inhibitors has been evaluated in a few clinical trials with disappointing results. This has prompted exploration of immunotherapy combination strategies with chemotherapy, anti-angiogenics, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and other targeted agents. The role of immunotherapy in the treatment of platinum-resistant OC remains undefined. The aim of this review is to describe the immunobiology of OC and likely benefit from immunotherapy, discuss clinical trial data and biomarkers that warrant further exploration, as well as provide an overview of future drug development strategies.
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4
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Daskalova SM, Eisenhauer BM, Gao M, Feng X, Ji X, Cheng Q, Fahmi N, Khdour OM, Chen S, Hecht SM. An assay for DNA polymerase β lyase inhibitors that engage the catalytic nucleophile for binding. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115642. [PMID: 32773093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA polymerase β (Pol β) repairs cellular DNA damage. When such damage is inflicted upon the DNA in tumor cells treated with DNA targeted antitumor agents, Pol β thus diminishes their efficacy. Accordingly, this enzyme has long been a target for antitumor therapy. Although numerous inhibitors of the lyase activity of the enzyme have been reported, none has yet proven adequate for development as a therapeutic agent. In the present study, we developed a new strategy to identify lyase inhibitors that critically engage the lyase active site primary nucleophile Lys72 as part of the binding interface. This involves a parallel evaluation of the effect of the inhibitors on the wild-type DNA polymerase β (Pol β) and Pol β modified with a lysine analogue at position 72. A model panel of five structurally diverse lyase inhibitors identified in our previous studies (only one of which has been published) with unknown modes of binding were used for testing, and one compound, cis-9,10-epoxyoctadecanoic acid, was found to have the desired characteristics. This finding was further corroborated by in silico docking, demonstrating that the predominant mode of binding of the inhibitor involves an important electrostatic interaction between the oxygen atom of the epoxy group and Nε of the main catalytic nucleophile, Lys72. The strategy, which is designed to identify compounds that engage certain structural elements of the target enzyme, could find broader application for identification of ligands with predetermined sites of binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha M Daskalova
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Brian M Eisenhauer
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Mingxuan Gao
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Xizhi Feng
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Xun Ji
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Qi Cheng
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - NourEddine Fahmi
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
| | - Omar M Khdour
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Shengxi Chen
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States
| | - Sidney M Hecht
- Biodesign Center for BioEnergetics and School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States; Departments of Chemistry and Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States
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5
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Structural insights into the promutagenic bypass of the major cisplatin-induced DNA lesion. Biochem J 2020; 477:937-951. [PMID: 32039434 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The cisplatin-1,2-d(GpG) (Pt-GG) intrastrand cross-link is the predominant DNA lesion generated by cisplatin. Cisplatin has been shown to predominantly induce G to T mutations and Pt-GG permits significant misincorporation of dATP by human DNA polymerase β (polβ). In agreement, polβ overexpression, which is frequently observed in cancer cells, is linked to cisplatin resistance and a mutator phenotype. However, the structural basis for the misincorporation of dATP opposite Pt-GG is unknown. Here, we report the first structures of a DNA polymerase inaccurately bypassing Pt-GG. We solved two structures of polβ misincorporating dATP opposite the 5'-dG of Pt-GG in the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+. The Mg2+-bound structure exhibits a sub-optimal conformation for catalysis, while the Mn2+-bound structure is in a catalytically more favorable semi-closed conformation. In both structures, dATP does not form a coplanar base pairing with Pt-GG. In the polβ active site, the syn-dATP opposite Pt-GG appears to be stabilized by protein templating and pi stacking interactions, which resembles the polβ-mediated dATP incorporation opposite an abasic site. Overall, our results suggest that the templating Pt-GG in the polβ active site behaves like an abasic site, promoting the insertion of dATP in a non-instructional manner.
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6
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DNA damage repair in ovarian cancer: unlocking the heterogeneity. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:50. [PMID: 29925418 PMCID: PMC6011341 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment for advanced ovarian cancer is rarely curative; three quarters of patients with advanced disease relapse and ultimately die with resistant disease. Improving patient outcomes will require the introduction of new treatments and better patient selection. Abrogations in the DNA damage response (DDR) may allow such stratifications. A defective DNA-damage response (DDR) is a defining hallmark of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Indeed, current evidence indicates that all HGSOCs harbour a defect in at least one major DDR pathway. However, defective DDR is not mediated through a single mechanism but rather results from a variety of (epi)genetic lesions affecting one or more of the five major DNA repair pathways. Understanding the relationship between these pathways and how these are abrogated will be necessary in order to facilitate appropriate selection of both existing and novel agents. Here we review the current understanding of the DDR with regard to ovarian, and particularly high grade serous, cancer, with reference to existing and emerging treatments as appropriate.
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7
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Gee ME, Faraahi Z, McCormick A, Edmondson RJ. DNA damage repair in ovarian cancer: unlocking the heterogeneity. J Ovarian Res 2018. [PMID: 29925418 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0424-x] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for advanced ovarian cancer is rarely curative; three quarters of patients with advanced disease relapse and ultimately die with resistant disease. Improving patient outcomes will require the introduction of new treatments and better patient selection. Abrogations in the DNA damage response (DDR) may allow such stratifications.A defective DNA-damage response (DDR) is a defining hallmark of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Indeed, current evidence indicates that all HGSOCs harbour a defect in at least one major DDR pathway. However, defective DDR is not mediated through a single mechanism but rather results from a variety of (epi)genetic lesions affecting one or more of the five major DNA repair pathways. Understanding the relationship between these pathways and how these are abrogated will be necessary in order to facilitate appropriate selection of both existing and novel agents.Here we review the current understanding of the DDR with regard to ovarian, and particularly high grade serous, cancer, with reference to existing and emerging treatments as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Gee
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Zahra Faraahi
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Aiste McCormick
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AD, UK
| | - Richard J Edmondson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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8
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Gee ME, Faraahi Z, McCormick A, Edmondson RJ. DNA damage repair in ovarian cancer: unlocking the heterogeneity. J Ovarian Res 2018. [PMID: 29925418 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0424-x]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for advanced ovarian cancer is rarely curative; three quarters of patients with advanced disease relapse and ultimately die with resistant disease. Improving patient outcomes will require the introduction of new treatments and better patient selection. Abrogations in the DNA damage response (DDR) may allow such stratifications.A defective DNA-damage response (DDR) is a defining hallmark of high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Indeed, current evidence indicates that all HGSOCs harbour a defect in at least one major DDR pathway. However, defective DDR is not mediated through a single mechanism but rather results from a variety of (epi)genetic lesions affecting one or more of the five major DNA repair pathways. Understanding the relationship between these pathways and how these are abrogated will be necessary in order to facilitate appropriate selection of both existing and novel agents.Here we review the current understanding of the DDR with regard to ovarian, and particularly high grade serous, cancer, with reference to existing and emerging treatments as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Gee
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Zahra Faraahi
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Aiste McCormick
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AD, UK
| | - Richard J Edmondson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Level 5, Research, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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9
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Fujii N. Potential Strategies to Target Protein-Protein Interactions in the DNA Damage Response and Repair Pathways. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9932-9959. [PMID: 28654754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article discusses some insights about generating novel mechanistic inhibitors of the DNA damage response and repair (DDR) pathways by focusing on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of the key DDR components. General requirements for PPI strategies, such as selecting the target PPI site on the basis of its functionality, are discussed first. Next, on the basis of functional rationale and biochemical feasibility to identify a PPI inhibitor, 26 PPIs in DDR pathways (BER, MMR, NER, NHEJ, HR, TLS, and ICL repair) are specifically discussed for inhibitor discovery to benefit cancer therapies using a DNA-damaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Fujii
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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10
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Mezencev R, Matyunina LV, Wagner GT, McDonald JF. Acquired resistance of pancreatic cancer cells to cisplatin is multifactorial with cell context-dependent involvement of resistance genes. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 23:446-453. [PMID: 27910856 PMCID: PMC5159445 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal of malignancies, in large measure, due to the propensity of PDAC cells to acquire resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. A better understanding of the molecular basis of acquired resistance is a major focus of contemporary PDAC research. We report here the results of a study to independently develop cisplatin resistance in two distinct parental PDAC cell lines, AsPC1 and BxPC3, and to subsequently examine the molecular mechanisms associated with the acquired resistance. Cisplatin resistance in both resistant cell lines was found to be multifactorial and to be associated with mechanisms related to drug transport, drug inactivation, DNA damage response, DNA repair and the modulation of apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that the two resistant cell lines employed alternative molecular strategies in acquiring resistance dictated, in part, by pre-existing molecular differences between the parental cell lines. Collectively, our findings indicate that strategies to inhibit or reverse acquired resistance of PDAC cells to cisplatin, and perhaps other chemotherapeutic agents, may not be generalized but will require individual molecular profiling and analysis to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mezencev
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L V Matyunina
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - G T Wagner
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J F McDonald
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, School of Biological Sciences, and Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Korzhnev DM, Hadden MK. Targeting the Translesion Synthesis Pathway for the Development of Anti-Cancer Chemotherapeutics. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9321-9336. [PMID: 27362876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human cells possess tightly controlled mechanisms to rescue DNA replication following DNA damage caused by environmental and endogenous carcinogens using a set of low-fidelity translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerases. These polymerases can copy over replication blocking DNA lesions while temporarily leaving them unrepaired, preventing cell death at the expense of increasing mutation rates and contributing to the onset and progression of cancer. In addition, TLS has been implicated as a major cellular mechanism promoting acquired resistance to genotoxic chemotherapy. Owing to its central role in mutagenesis and cell survival after DNA damage, inhibition of the TLS pathway has emerged as a potential target for the development of anticancer agents. This review will recap our current understanding of the structure and regulation of DNA polymerase complexes that mediate TLS and describe how this knowledge is beginning to translate into the development of small molecule TLS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M Korzhnev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center , Farmington, Connecticut 06030, United States
| | - M Kyle Hadden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut , 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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12
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Jiang C, Starr S, Chen F, Wu J. Low-fidelity alternative DNA repair carcinogenesis theory may interpret many cancer features and anticancer strategies. Future Oncol 2016; 12:1897-910. [PMID: 27166654 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2016-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have proposed that the low-fidelity compensatory backup alternative DNA repair pathways drive multistep carcinogenesis. Here, we apply it to interpret the clinical features of cancer, such as mutator phenotype, tissue specificity, age specificity, diverse types of cancers originated from the same type of tissue, cancer susceptibility of patients with DNA repair-defective syndromes, development of cancer only for a selected number of individuals among those that share the same genetic defect, invasion and metastasis. Clinically, the theory predicts that to improve the efficacy of molecular targeted or synthetic lethal therapy, it may be crucial to inhibit the low-fidelity compensatory alternative DNA repair either directly or by blocking the signal transducers of the sustained microenvironmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuo Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China.,Central Laboratories, Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shane Starr
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA and currently Flint Medical Laboratory, 3490 Calkins Road, Flint, MI 48532, USA
| | - Fuxue Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiaxi Wu
- Central Laboratories, Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 966 Middle Huaihai Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA and currently Flint Medical Laboratory, 3490 Calkins Road, Flint, MI 48532, USA
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13
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DNA polymerases β and λ and their roles in cell. DNA Repair (Amst) 2015; 29:112-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Sharbeen G, McCarroll J, Goldstein D, Phillips PA. Exploiting base excision repair to improve therapeutic approaches for pancreatic cancer. Front Nutr 2015; 2:10. [PMID: 25988138 PMCID: PMC4428371 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2015.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a highly chemoresistant and metastatic disease with a dismal 5-year survival rate of 6%. More effective therapeutic targets and approaches are urgently needed to tackle this devastating disease. The base excision repair (BER) pathway has been identified as a predictor of therapeutic response, prognostic factor, and therapeutic target in a variety of cancers. This review will discuss our current understanding of BER in PDA and its potential to improve PDA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Sharbeen
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Joshua McCarroll
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - David Goldstein
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Phoebe A Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, UNSW Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
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15
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DNA damage response – A double-edged sword in cancer prevention and cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2015; 358:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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16
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Potential application of curcumin and its analogues in the treatment strategy of patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21703-22. [PMID: 25429431 PMCID: PMC4284673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151221703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings on the molecular basis of ovarian cancer development and progression create new opportunities to develop anticancer medications that would affect specific metabolic pathways and decrease side systemic toxicity of conventional treatment. Among new possibilities for cancer chemoprevention, much attention is paid to curcumin—A broad-spectrum anticancer polyphenolic derivative extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. According to ClinicalTrials.gov at present there are no running pilot studies, which could assess possible therapeutic benefits from curcumin supplementation to patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Therefore, the goal of this review was to evaluate potential preclinical properties of curcumin and its new analogues on the basis of in vivo and in vitro ovarian cancer studies. Curcumin and its different formulations have been shown to display multifunctional mechanisms of anticancer activity, not only in platinum-resistant primary epithelial ovarian cancer, but also in multidrug resistant cancer cells/xenografts models. Curcumin administered together with platinum-taxane chemotherapeutics have been reported to demonstrate synergistic effects, sensitize resistant cells to drugs, and decrease their biologically effective doses. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that curcumin, due to its long-term safety and an excellent profile of side effects should be considered as a beneficial support in ovarian cancer treatment strategies, especially in patients with platinum-resistant primary epithelial recurrent ovarian cancer or multidrug resistant disease. Although the prospect of curcumin and its formulations as anticancer agents in ovarian cancer treatment strategy appears to be challenging, and at the same time promising, there is a further need to evaluate its effectiveness in clinical studies.
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17
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Koag MC, Lai L, Lee S. Structural basis for the inefficient nucleotide incorporation opposite cisplatin-DNA lesion by human DNA polymerase β. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31341-8. [PMID: 25237188 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.605451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human DNA polymerase β (polβ) has been suggested to play a role in cisplatin resistance, especially in polβ-overexpressing cancer cells. Polβ has been shown to accurately albeit slowly bypass the cisplatin-1,2-d(GpG) (Pt-GG) intramolecular cross-link in vitro. Currently, the structural basis for the inefficient Pt-GG bypass mechanism of polβ is unknown. To gain structural insights into the mechanism, we determined two ternary structures of polβ incorporating dCTP opposite the templating Pt-GG lesion in the presence of the active site Mg(2+) or Mn(2+). The Mg(2+)-bound structure shows that the bulky Pt-GG adduct is accommodated in the polβ active site without any steric hindrance. In addition, both guanines of the Pt-GG lesion form Watson-Crick base pairing with the primer terminus dC and the incoming dCTP, providing the structural basis for the accurate bypass of the Pt-GG adduct by polβ. The Mn(2+)-bound structure shows that polβ adopts a catalytically suboptimal semiclosed conformation during the insertion of dCTP opposite the templating Pt-GG, explaining the inefficient replication across the Pt-GG lesion by polβ. Overall, our studies provide the first structural insights into the mechanism of the potential polβ-mediated cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Chul Koag
- From the Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Lara Lai
- From the Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Seongmin Lee
- From the Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
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18
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Abstract
DNA damage response genes play vital roles in the maintenance of a healthy genome. Defects in cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair genes, especially mutation or aberrant downregulation, are associated with a wide spectrum of human disease, including a predisposition to the development of neurodegenerative conditions and cancer. On the other hand, upregulation of DNA damage response and repair genes can also cause cancer, as well as increase resistance of cancer cells to DNA damaging therapy. In recent years, it has become evident that many of the genes involved in DNA damage repair have additional roles in tumorigenesis, most prominently by acting as transcriptional (co-)factors. Although defects in these genes are causally connected to tumor initiation, their role in tumor progression is more controversial and it seems to depend on tumor type. In some tumors like melanoma, cell cycle checkpoint/DNA repair gene upregulation is associated with tumor metastasis, whereas in a number of other cancers the opposite has been observed. Several genes that participate in the DNA damage response, such as RAD9, PARP1, BRCA1, ATM and TP53 have been associated with metastasis by a number of in vitro biochemical and cellular assays, by examining human tumor specimens by immunohistochemistry or by DNA genome-wide gene expression profiling. Many of these genes act as transcriptional effectors to regulate other genes implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. Furthermore, they are aberrantly expressed in numerous human tumors and are causally related to tumorigenesis. However, whether the DNA damage repair function of these genes is required to promote metastasis or another activity is responsible (e.g., transcription control) has not been determined. Importantly, despite some compelling in vitro evidence, investigations are still needed to demonstrate the role of cell cycle checkpoint and DNA repair genes in regulating metastatic phenotypes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos G. Broustas
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | - Howard B. Lieberman
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032
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19
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Strittmatter T, Brockmann A, Pott M, Hantusch A, Brunner T, Marx A. Expanding the scope of human DNA polymerase λ and β inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:282-90. [PMID: 24171552 DOI: 10.1021/cb4007562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The exact biological functions of individual DNA polymerases still await clarification, and therefore appropriate reagents to probe their respective functions are required. In the present study, we report the development of a highly potent series of human DNA polymerase λ and β (pol λ and β) inhibitors based on the rhodanine scaffold. Both enzymes are involved in DNA repair and are thus considered as future drug targets. We expanded the chemical diversity of the small-molecule inhibitors arising from a high content screening and designed and synthesized 30 novel analogues. By biochemical evaluation, we discovered 23 highly active compounds against pol λ. Importantly, 10 of these small-molecules selectively inhibited pol λ and not the homologous pol β. We discovered 14 small-molecules that target pol β and found out that they are more potent than known inhibitors. We also investigated whether the discovered compounds sensitize cancer cells toward DNA-damaging reagents. Thus, we cotreated human colorectal cancer cells (Caco-2) with the small-molecule inhibitors and hydrogen peroxide or the approved drug temozolomide. Interestingly, the tested compounds sensitized Caco-2 cells to both genotoxic agents in a DNA repair pathway-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Strittmatter
- Departments of Chemistry
and Biology, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anette Brockmann
- Departments of Chemistry
and Biology, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Moritz Pott
- Departments of Chemistry
and Biology, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Annika Hantusch
- Departments of Chemistry
and Biology, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Departments of Chemistry
and Biology, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Andreas Marx
- Departments of Chemistry
and Biology, Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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20
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Mizushina Y, Suzuki-Fukudome H, Takeuchi T, Takemoto K, Kuriyama I, Yoshida H, Kamisuki S, Sugawara F. Formosusin A, a novel specific inhibitor of mammalian DNA polymerase β from the fungus Paecilomyces formosus. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 22:1070-6. [PMID: 24411199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Variotin (1) and three novel compounds, formosusin A (2), B (3), and C (4), were isolated from the cultures of the fungus Paecilomyces formosus, and their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses. Compound 2 is (6Z,8E,10E)-variotin, a new cis-olefin analog of compound 1. Compound 2 selectively inhibited the activity of mammalian DNA polymerase β (pol β) in vitro, with an IC50 of 35.6μM. By contrast, compounds 1, 3, and 4 did not influence the activity of pol β. These four compounds showed no effect on the activities of other 10 mammalian pols (i.e., pols α, γ, δ, ε, η, ι, κ, λ, and μ, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase). These compounds also did not inhibit the activities of fish, insect, plant, and prokaryotic pols and other DNA metabolic enzymes tested. These results suggested that compound 2 could be a selective inhibitor of mammalian pol β. The compound 2-induced inhibition of rat pol β activity was competitive and non-competitive with respect to the DNA template-primer substrate and the dNTP substrate, respectively. On the basis of these results, the relationship between the three-dimensional structure and pol β inhibitory mechanism of compound 2 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Mizushina
- Laboratory of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan; Cooperative Research Center of Life Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-8586, Japan.
| | - Hiroe Suzuki-Fukudome
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Takemoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Isoko Kuriyama
- Laboratory of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yoshida
- Laboratory of Food & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamisuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Fumio Sugawara
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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21
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Nachtergael A, Charles C, Spanoghe M, Gadenne M, Belayew A, Duez P. Measurement of translesion synthesis by fluorescent capillary electrophoresis: 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine bypass modulation by natural products. Anal Biochem 2013; 440:23-31. [PMID: 23711721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Translesion synthesis (TLS) relies on a series of specialized DNA polymerases able to insert a base either correctly or incorrectly opposite a lesion on a DNA template strand during replication or post-repair synthesis. To measure the correct or mutagenic outcome of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxodeoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) bypass by TLS DNA polymerases, a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method with fluorescent label has been developed. Two oligonucleotides were designed and hybridized: (i) a 72-mer oligonucleotide framing one 8-oxodG at position 40 and (ii) the 39-mer oligonucleotide complementary to the first strand from the 3' end to the lesion and labeled at the 5' end with a fluorochrome. After incubation with FHs 74 Int human intestinal epithelial cell nuclear proteins, in the presence of either deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) or deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP), and denaturation, the resulting elongated oligomers were analyzed by fluorescent capillary electrophoresis. This primer extension assay was then validated in terms of linearity (linear range=0.5-2.5 nM), detectability (limits of detection and quantification=0.023 and 0.091 nM, respectively), and precision (total precisions=8.1% and 3.7% for dATP and dCTP, respectively, n=9). The addition of some natural phytochemicals to the reaction mix significantly influences the outcome of TLS either in an error-free way or in a mutagenic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Nachtergael
- Laboratory of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Université de Mons (UMONS), 7000 Mons, Belgium.
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22
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Parsons JL, Nicolay NH, Sharma RA. Biological and therapeutic relevance of nonreplicative DNA polymerases to cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:851-73. [PMID: 22794079 PMCID: PMC3557440 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Apart from surgical approaches, the treatment of cancer remains largely underpinned by radiotherapy and pharmacological agents that cause damage to cellular DNA, which ultimately causes cancer cell death. DNA polymerases, which are involved in the repair of cellular DNA damage, are therefore potential targets for inhibitors for improving the efficacy of cancer therapy. They can be divided, according to their main function, into two groups, namely replicative and nonreplicative enzymes. At least 15 different DNA polymerases, including their homologs, have been discovered to date, which vary considerably in processivity and fidelity. Many of the nonreplicative (specialized) DNA polymerases replicate DNA in an error-prone fashion, and they have been shown to participate in multiple DNA damage repair and tolerance pathways, which are often aberrant in cancer cells. Alterations in DNA repair pathways involving DNA polymerases have been linked with cancer survival and with treatment response to radiotherapy or to classes of cytotoxic drugs routinely used for cancer treatment, particularly cisplatin, oxaliplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin. Indeed, there are extensive preclinical data to suggest that DNA polymerase inhibition may prove to be a useful approach for increasing the effectiveness of therapies in patients with cancer. Furthermore, specialized DNA polymerases warrant examination of their potential use as clinical biomarkers to select for particular cancer therapies, to individualize treatment for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Parsons
- Cancer Research UK-Medical Research Council, Oncology Department, Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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23
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Kothandapani A, Patrick SM. Evidence for base excision repair processing of DNA interstrand crosslinks. Mutat Res 2012; 743-744:44-52. [PMID: 23219605 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many bifunctional alkylating agents and anticancer drugs exert their cytotoxicity by producing cross links between the two complementary strands of DNA, termed interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). This blocks the strand separating processes during DNA replication and transcription, which can lead to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Cells use multiple DNA repair systems to eliminate the ICLs. Concerted action of repair proteins involved in Nucleotide Excision Repair and Homologous Recombination pathways are suggested to play a key role in the ICL repair. However, recent studies indicate a possible role for Base Excision Repair (BER) in mediating the cytotoxicity of ICL inducing agents in mammalian cells. Elucidating the mechanism of BER mediated modulation of ICL repair would help in understanding the recognition and removal of ICLs and aid in the development of potential therapeutic agents. In this review, the influence of BER proteins on ICL DNA repair and the possible mechanisms of action are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbarasi Kothandapani
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo - Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
| | - Steve M Patrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo - Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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24
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Proteomic approaches in understanding action mechanisms of metal-based anticancer drugs. Met Based Drugs 2011; 2008:716329. [PMID: 18670610 PMCID: PMC2486358 DOI: 10.1155/2008/716329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal inorganic chemistry has been stimulating largely by the success of the anticancer drug, cisplatin. Various metal complexes are currently used as therapeutic agents (e.g., Pt, Au, and Ru) in the treatment of malignant diseases, including several types of cancers. Understanding the mechanism of action of these metal-based drugs is for the design of more effective drugs. Proteomic approaches combined with other biochemical methods can provide comprehensive understanding of responses that are involved in metal-based anticancer drugs-induced cell death, including insights into cytotoxic effects of metal-based anticancer drugs, correlation of protein alterations to drug targets, and prediction of drug resistance and toxicity. This information, when coupled with clinical data, can provide rational basses for the future design and modification of present used metal-based anticancer drugs.
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25
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Chen H, Yang Q, Sun L, Zhang Z, Tong H, Xu A, Wang C. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Gold(III) Substituted Tetraarylporphyrin Chlorides as Anticancer Reagents. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.3184/174751911x12992544137142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Substituted gold(III) tetraarylporphyrins have been synthesised. The analogues TPPAuCl (TPP = tetraphenylporhyrin), MeOTPPAuCl, TMOPPAuCl, MeO2CTPPAuCl, O2NTPPAuCl and PyTPPAuCl were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against the Sarcoma 180 mouse tumour cell line panel. Compound MeO2CTPPAuCl exhibited good growth inhibitory properties against Sarcoma 180 and afforded IC50 values <3μM for 92.386% of the cell lines in the panel. Compounds MeOTPPAuCl and TPPAuCl were effective inhibitors of tumour cell growth, but generally less effective than MeO2CTPPAuCl as cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasheng Chen
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zonglei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Tong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Aihua Xu
- School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, 11 Huaihai Road, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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26
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Kothandapani A, Dangeti VSMN, Brown AR, Banze LA, Wang XH, Sobol RW, Patrick SM. Novel role of base excision repair in mediating cisplatin cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:14564-74. [PMID: 21357694 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.225375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Using isogenic mouse embryonic fibroblasts and human cancer cell lines, we show that cells defective in base excision repair (BER) display a cisplatin-specific resistant phenotype. This was accompanied by enhanced repair of cisplatin interstrand cross-links (ICLs) and ICL-induced DNA double strand breaks, but not intrastrand adducts. Cisplatin induces abasic sites with a reduced accumulation in uracil DNA glycosylase (UNG) null cells. We show that cytosines that flank the cisplatin ICLs undergo preferential oxidative deamination in vitro, and AP endonuclease 1 (APE1) can cleave the resulting ICL DNA substrate following removal of the flanking uracil. We also show that DNA polymerase β has low fidelity at the cisplatin ICL site after APE1 incision. Down-regulating ERCC1-XPF in BER-deficient cells restored cisplatin sensitivity. Based on our results, we propose a novel model in which BER plays a positive role in maintaining cisplatin cytotoxicity by competing with the productive cisplatin ICL DNA repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbarasi Kothandapani
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo, Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio 43614, USA
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27
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Belousova EA, Lavrik OI. DNA polymerases β and λ and their roles in DNA replication and repair. Mol Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893310060014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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28
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Köberle B, Tomicic MT, Usanova S, Kaina B. Cisplatin resistance: Preclinical findings and clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1806:172-82. [PMID: 20647037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beate Köberle
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, Germany.
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29
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Hoffmann JS, Cazaux C. Aberrant expression of alternative DNA polymerases: a source of mutator phenotype as well as replicative stress in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2010; 20:312-9. [PMID: 20934518 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cell life span depends on a subtle equilibrium between the accurate duplication of the genomic DNA and less stringent DNA transactions which allow cells to tolerate mutations associated with DNA damage. The physiological role of the alternative, specialized or TLS (translesion synthesis) DNA polymerases could be to favor the necessary "flexibility" of the replication machinery, by allowing DNA replication to occur even in the presence of blocking DNA damage. As these alternative DNA polymerases are inaccurate when replicating undamaged DNA, the regulation of their expression needs to be carefully controlled. Evidence in the literature supports that dysregulation of these error-prone enzymes contributes to the acquisition of a mutator phenotype that, along with defective cell cycle control or other genome stability pathways, could be a motor for accelerated tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Hoffmann
- CNRS, IPBS (Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology), 205, route de Narbonne, University of Toulouse, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France.
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30
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Eoff RL, McGrath CE, Maddukuri L, Salamanca-Pinzón SG, Marquez VE, Marnett LJ, Guengerich FP, Egli M. Selective modulation of DNA polymerase activity by fixed-conformation nucleoside analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:7481-5. [PMID: 20814997 PMCID: PMC3011974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201003168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Eoff
- Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Colleen E. McGrath
- Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Leena Maddukuri
- Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - S. Giovanna Salamanca-Pinzón
- Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Victor E. Marquez
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Marnett
- Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - F. Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
| | - Martin Egli
- Department of Biochemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, & Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
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31
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Eoff RL, McGrath CE, Maddukuri L, Salamanca-Pinzón SG, Marquez VE, Marnett LJ, Guengerich FP, Egli M. Selective Modulation of DNA Polymerase Activity by Fixed-Conformation Nucleoside Analogues. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201003168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Martin SA, McCabe N, Mullarkey M, Cummins R, Burgess DJ, Nakabeppu Y, Oka S, Kay E, Lord CJ, Ashworth A. DNA polymerases as potential therapeutic targets for cancers deficient in the DNA mismatch repair proteins MSH2 or MLH1. Cancer Cell 2010; 17:235-48. [PMID: 20227038 PMCID: PMC2845806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic sickness/lethality (SSL) can be exploited to develop therapeutic strategies for cancer. Deficiencies in the tumor suppressor proteins MLH1 and MSH2 have been implicated in cancer. Here we demonstrate that deficiency in MSH2 is SSL with inhibition of the DNA polymerase POLB, whereas deficiency in MLH1 is SSL with DNA polymerase POLG inhibition. Both SSLs led to the accumulation of 8-oxoG oxidative DNA lesions. MSH2/POLB SSL caused nuclear 8-oxoG accumulation, whereas MLH1/POLG SSL led to a rise in mitochondrial 8-oxoG levels. Both SSLs were rescued by silencing the adenine glycosylase MUTYH, suggesting that lethality could be caused by the formation of lethal DNA breaks upon 8-oxoG accumulation. These data suggest targeted, mechanism-based therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Martin
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function and Regulation Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nuala McCabe
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function and Regulation Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Michelle Mullarkey
- Department of Pathology, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Robert Cummins
- Department of Pathology, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Darren J. Burgess
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function and Regulation Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sugako Oka
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Elaine Kay
- Department of Pathology, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Christopher J. Lord
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Corresponding author
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Cancer Research UK Gene Function and Regulation Group, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- The Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Corresponding author
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Ljungman
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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34
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Altieri F, Grillo C, Maceroni M, Chichiarelli S. DNA damage and repair: from molecular mechanisms to health implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2008; 10:891-937. [PMID: 18205545 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2007.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
DNA is subjected to several modifications, resulting from endogenous and exogenous sources. The cell has developed a network of complementary DNA-repair mechanisms, and in the human genome, >130 genes have been found to be involved. Knowledge about the basic mechanisms for DNA repair has revealed an unexpected complexity, with overlapping specificity within the same pathway, as well as extensive functional interactions between proteins involved in repair pathways. Unrepaired or improperly repaired DNA lesions have serious potential consequences for the cell, leading to genomic instability and deregulation of cellular functions. A number of disorders or syndromes, including several cancer predispositions and accelerated aging, are linked to an inherited defect in one of the DNA-repair pathways. Genomic instability, a characteristic of most human malignancies, can also arise from acquired defects in DNA repair, and the specific pathway affected is predictive of types of mutations, tumor drug sensitivity, and treatment outcome. Although DNA repair has received little attention as a determinant of drug sensitivity, emerging knowledge of mutations and polymorphisms in key human DNA-repair genes may provide a rational basis for improved strategies for therapeutic interventions on a number of tumors and degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Altieri
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, A. Rossi Fanelli, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Hazan C, Boudsocq F, Gervais V, Saurel O, Ciais M, Cazaux C, Czaplicki J, Milon A. Structural insights on the pamoic acid and the 8 kDa domain of DNA polymerase beta complex: towards the design of higher-affinity inhibitors. BMC STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2008; 8:22. [PMID: 18416825 PMCID: PMC2375893 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6807-8-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA polymerase beta (pol beta), the error-prone DNA polymerase of single-stranded DNA break repair as well as base excision repair pathways, is overexpressed in several tumors and takes part in chemotherapeutic agent resistance, like that of cisplatin, through translesion synthesis. For this reason pol beta has become a therapeutic target. Several inhibitors have been identified, but none of them presents a sufficient affinity and specificity to become a drug. The fragment-based inhibitor design allows an important improvement in affinity of small molecules. The initial and critical step for setting up the fragment-based strategy consists in the identification and structural characterization of the first fragment bound to the target. RESULTS We have performed docking studies of pamoic acid, a 9 micromolar pol beta inhibitor, and found that it binds in a single pocket at the surface of the 8 kDa domain of pol beta. However, docking studies provided five possible conformations for pamoic acid in this site. NMR experiments were performed on the complex to select a single conformation among the five retained. Chemical Shift Mapping data confirmed pamoic acid binding site found by docking while NOESY and saturation transfer experiments provided distances between pairs of protons from the pamoic acid and those of the 8 kDa domain that allowed the identification of the correct conformation. CONCLUSION Combining NMR experiments on the complex with docking results allowed us to build a three-dimensional structural model. This model serves as the starting point for further structural studies aimed at improving the affinity of pamoic acid for binding to DNA polymerase beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Hazan
- University of Toulouse, UPS; IPBS (Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, IPBS, UMR5089, Toulouse, France
| | - François Boudsocq
- University of Toulouse, UPS; IPBS (Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, IPBS, UMR5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Gervais
- University of Toulouse, UPS; IPBS (Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, IPBS, UMR5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Saurel
- University of Toulouse, UPS; IPBS (Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, IPBS, UMR5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Ciais
- University of Toulouse, UPS; IPBS (Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, IPBS, UMR5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Cazaux
- University of Toulouse, UPS; IPBS (Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, IPBS, UMR5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Jerzy Czaplicki
- University of Toulouse, UPS; IPBS (Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, IPBS, UMR5089, Toulouse, France
| | - Alain Milon
- University of Toulouse, UPS; IPBS (Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, IPBS, UMR5089, Toulouse, France
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36
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Wang Y, He QY, Tsao SW, Cheung YH, Wong A, Chiu JF. Cytokeratin 8 silencing in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells leads to cisplatin sensitization. Cancer Lett 2008; 265:188-96. [PMID: 18353540 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2007] [Revised: 02/04/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
By comparing protein profiles of nasopharyngeal carcinoma HONE1 cells to transformed nasopharyngeal epithelial NP 69 cells, several clusters of differentially expressed proteins were identified. The increased expression of cytokeratin 8 (CK8) and pyruvate kinase M2 was a common feature in four NPC cell lines compared to the two transformed epithelial cell lines. Suppression of CK8 was associated with the sensitivity to cisplatin in HONE1 cells; while overexpression of CK8 provided resistance to cisplatin-mediated apoptosis; and this protection occurred through an enhanced phosphorylation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK). Our findings implicate an underlying molecular mechanism in which CK8 is required for cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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37
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Lee TK, Poon RTP, Wo JY, Ma S, Guan XY, Myers JN, Altevogt P, Yuen APW. Lupeol Suppresses Cisplatin-Induced Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Inhibits Local Invasion and Nodal Metastasis in an Orthotopic Nude Mouse Model. Cancer Res 2007; 67:8800-9. [PMID: 17875721 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients is commonly associated with the presence of regional metastasis. Cisplatin-based chemotherapy concurrent with radiation therapy is commonly used in the treatment of locally advanced HNSCC. However, the result is dismal due to common acquisition of chemoresistance and radioresistance. Epidemiologic studies have shown the importance of dietary substances in the prevention of HNSCC. Here, we found that lupeol, a triterpene found in fruits and vegetables, selectively induced substantial HNSCC cell death but exhibited only a minimal effect on a normal tongue fibroblast cell line in vitro. Down-regulation of NF-kappaB was identified as the major mechanism of the anticancer properties of lupeol against HNSCC. Lupeol alone was not only found to suppress tumor growth but also to impair HNSCC cell invasion by reversal of the NF-kappaB-dependent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Lupeol exerted a synergistic effect with cisplatin, resulting in chemosensitization of HNSCC cell lines with high NF-kappaB activity in vitro. In in vivo studies, using an orthotopic metastatic nude mouse model of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma, lupeol at a dose of 2 mg/animal dramatically decreased tumor volume and suppressed local metastasis, which was more effective than cisplatin alone. Lupeol exerted a significant synergistic cytotoxic effect when combined with low-dose cisplatin without side effects. Our results suggest that lupeol may be an effective agent either alone or in combination for treatment of advanced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence K Lee
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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38
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Stewart DJ. Mechanisms of resistance to cisplatin and carboplatin. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2007; 63:12-31. [PMID: 17336087 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Revised: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While cisplatin and carboplatin are active versus most common cancers, epithelial malignancies are incurable when metastatic. Even if an initial response occurs, acquired resistance due to mutations and epigenetic events limits efficacy. Resistance may be due to excess of a resistance factor, to saturation of factors required for tumor cell killing, or to mutation or alteration of a factor required for tumor cell killing. Platinum resistance could arise from decreased tumor blood flow, extracellular conditions, reduced platinum uptake, increased efflux, intracellular detoxification by glutathione, etc., decreased binding (e.g., due to high intracellular pH), DNA repair, decreased mismatch repair, defective apoptosis, antiapoptotic factors, effects of several signaling pathways, or presence of quiescent non-cycling cells. In lung cancer, flattening of dose-response curves at higher doses suggests that efficacy is limited by exhaustion of something required for cell killing, and several clinical observations suggest epigenetic events may play a major role in resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Stewart
- Section of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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39
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Li D, Li Y, Jiao L, Chang DZ, Beinart G, Wolff RA, Evans DB, Hassan MM, Abbruzzese JL. Effects of base excision repair gene polymorphisms on pancreatic cancer survival. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:1748-54. [PMID: 17230526 PMCID: PMC1892183 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of DNA repair genes and overall survival of patients with pancreatic cancer, we conducted a study in 378 cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma who were treated at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between February 1999 and October 2004 and were followed up to April 2006. Genotypes were determined using genomic DNA and the MassCode method. Overall survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier plot, log-rank test and Cox regression. We observed a strong effect of the POLB A165G and T2133C genotypes on overall survival. The median survival time (MST) was 35.7 months for patients carrying at least 1 of the 2 homozygous variant POLB GG or CC genotypes, compared with 14.8 months for those carrying the AA/AG or TT/TC genotypes (p = 0.02, log rank test). The homozygous variants of hOGG1 G2657A, APEX1 D148E and XRCC1 R194W polymorphisms all showed a weak but significant effect on overall survival as demonstrated by either log rank test or multivariate COX regression after adjusting for other potential confounders. In combined genotype analysis, a predominant effect of the POLB homozygous variants on survival was observed. When POLB was not included in the model, a slightly better survival was observed among those carrying none of the adverse genotypes than those carrying at least one of the adverse genotypes. These observations suggest that polymorphisms of base excision repair genes significantly affect the clinical outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer. These observations need to be confirmed in a larger study of homogenous patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-1402, USA.
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Wang Y, He QY, Sun RWY, Che CM, Chiu JF. Cellular pharmacological properties of gold(III) porphyrin 1a, a potential anticancer drug lead. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 554:113-22. [PMID: 17116302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 10/06/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of gold(III) complexes as potential anticancer drugs with higher cytotoxicity and fewer side effects than existing metal anticancer drugs has been actively pursued in recent years. In this study, we explored the cellular pharmacological properties of gold(III) porphyrin 1a, an anticancer drug lead we previously described. The cytotoxicity study of gold(III) porphyrin 1a by naphthol blue black (NBB) staining assay demonstrated that the higher cytotoxicity of gold(III) porphyrin 1a was not related to its photosensitizing activity. Serum dependent test revealed that serum proteins exhibited lesser effects on the activity of gold(III) porphyrin 1a. In addition, in vivo and in vitro binding assays showed that gold(III) porphyrin 1a acted on DNA noncovalently, which was differently from cisplatin. Flow cytometric study indicated that gold(III) porphyrin 1a inhibited cell growth partly through abrogating cell cycle at G(0)-G(1), and induced apoptosis in SUNE1 cells. The enhanced expression of p53, a cell cycle-controlling and apoptosis-related protein, further demonstrated that the cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by gold porphyrin 1a were p53 dependent. Our results highlighted the potential of gold(III) porphyrin 1a as an anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Open Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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41
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Chirnomas D, Taniguchi T, de la Vega M, Vaidya AP, Vasserman M, Hartman AR, Kennedy R, Foster R, Mahoney J, Seiden MV, D'Andrea AD. Chemosensitization to cisplatin by inhibitors of the Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway. Mol Cancer Ther 2006; 5:952-61. [PMID: 16648566 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance occurs, at least in part, through the function of the Fanconi anemia (FA)/BRCA pathway, a DNA-damage response pathway required for repair of cisplatin cross-links. In the current study, we designed a cell-based screening strategy to identify small-molecule inhibitors of the FA/BRCA pathway with the hypothesis that such molecules could restore sensitivity to platinum agents. We identified four inhibitors, including three protein kinase inhibitors (wortmannin, H-9, and alsterpaullone) and one natural compound (curcumin) that inhibit the FA/BRCA pathway. We show that curcumin, a compound that is generally regarded as safe, inhibits the monoubiquitination of the FANCD2 protein as predicted by the screen and consequently sensitizes ovarian and breast tumor cell lines to cisplatin through apoptotic cell death. We believe that this study shows an efficient, high-throughput method for identifying new compounds that may sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Chirnomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kennedy RD, D'Andrea AD. DNA repair pathways in clinical practice: lessons from pediatric cancer susceptibility syndromes. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24:3799-808. [PMID: 16896009 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.05.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cancers exhibit genomic instability and an increased mutation rate due to underlying defects in DNA repair. Cancer cells are often defective in one of six major DNA repair pathways, namely: mismatch repair, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, homologous recombination, nonhomologous endjoining and translesion synthesis. The specific DNA repair pathway affected is predictive of the kinds of mutations, the tumor drug sensitivity, and the treatment outcome. The study of rare inherited DNA repair disorders, such as Fanconi anemia, has yielded new insights to drug sensitivity and treatment of sporadic cancers, such as breast or ovarian epithelial tumors, in the general population. The Fanconi anemia pathway is an example of how DNA repair pathways can be deregulated in cancer cells and how biomarkers of the integrity of these pathways could be useful as a guide to cancer management and may be used in the development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Kennedy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Belousova EA, Rechkunova NI, Lavrik OI. Thermostable DNA polymerases can perform translesion synthesis using 8-oxoguanine and tetrahydrofuran-containing DNA templates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2005; 1764:97-104. [PMID: 16338185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2005] [Revised: 10/31/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The translesion synthesis (TLS) capacity of the thermostable DNA polymerases Taq, Tte and Tte-seq utilizing a synthetic abasic site, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and an 8-oxoguanine-containing DNA template was investigated. Measurements with human DNA polymerase beta were used as a "positive control". Thermostable DNA polymerases were observed to perform TLS with different specificities on both substrates. With a THF-containing template, dGMP was preferentially inserted by all the DNA polymerases. In the presence of Mn(II) as a cofactor, all the polymerases incorporated dCMP opposite 8-oxoguanine whereas, in the presence of Mg(II) ions, dAMP was incorporated. It was found that none of the thermophilic DNA polymerases utilized dTTP with either an 8-oxoguanine or a THF-containing template. In all cases, DNA duplex containing THF as damage was processed to full length less effectively than DNA duplex containing 8-oxoguanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Belousova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentieva Prospect 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Massiot G, Long C, David B, Serrano MJ, Daubié F, Alby F, Ausseil F, Knibiehler M, Moretti C, Hoffmann JS, Cazaux C, Lavaud C. Acylphloroglucinol derivatives from Mahurea palustris. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005; 68:979-84. [PMID: 16038535 DOI: 10.1021/np049676o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Five new acylphloroglucinol derivatives, mahureones A-E (1, 3-6), have been isolated from the leaves of Mahurea palustris, and their structures determined by spectroscopic means. During the isolation process, several byproducts (7-9) were formed by reaction of one of the isoprenyl side chains with TFA, water, and acetonitrile. All the compounds were assayed for their ability to inhibit human DNA polymerase beta. The most active compounds, mahureones A (1) and D (5), exhibited IC50 values in the 10 microM range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Massiot
- Joint Service Unit No. 2597, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS)-Pierre Fabre, Sciences and Technologies Institute of Medicine of Toulouse, 31432 Toulouse, France.
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