1
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Ussher JR, Drucker DJ. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: cardiovascular benefits and mechanisms of action. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:463-474. [PMID: 36977782 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are metabolic disorders characterized by excess cardiovascular risk. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor (GLP1R) agonists reduce body weight, glycaemia, blood pressure, postprandial lipaemia and inflammation - actions that could contribute to the reduction of cardiovascular events. Cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) have demonstrated that GLP1R agonists reduce the rates of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with T2DM. Separate phase III CVOTs of GLP1R agonists are currently being conducted in people living with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and in those with obesity. Mechanistically, GLP1R is expressed at low levels in the heart and vasculature, raising the possibility that GLP1 might have both direct and indirect actions on the cardiovascular system. In this Review, we summarize the data from CVOTs of GLP1R agonists in patients with T2DM and describe the actions of GLP1R agonists on the heart and blood vessels. We also assess the potential mechanisms that contribute to the reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events in individuals treated with GLP1R agonists and highlight the emerging cardiovascular biology of novel GLP1-based multi-agonists currently in development. Understanding how GLP1R signalling protects the heart and blood vessels will optimize the therapeutic use and development of next-generation GLP1-based therapies with improved cardiovascular safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Subramaniam G, Schleicher K, Kovanich D, Zerio A, Folkmanaite M, Chao YC, Surdo NC, Koschinski A, Hu J, Scholten A, Heck AJ, Ercu M, Sholokh A, Park KC, Klussmann E, Meraviglia V, Bellin M, Zanivan S, Hester S, Mohammed S, Zaccolo M. Integrated Proteomics Unveils Nuclear PDE3A2 as a Regulator of Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy. Circ Res 2023; 132:828-848. [PMID: 36883446 PMCID: PMC10045983 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signaling by cAMP is organized in multiple distinct subcellular nanodomains regulated by cAMP-hydrolyzing PDEs (phosphodiesterases). Cardiac β-adrenergic signaling has served as the prototypical system to elucidate cAMP compartmentalization. Although studies in cardiac myocytes have provided an understanding of the location and properties of a handful of cAMP subcellular compartments, an overall view of the cellular landscape of cAMP nanodomains is missing. METHODS Here, we combined an integrated phosphoproteomics approach that takes advantage of the unique role that individual PDEs play in the control of local cAMP, with network analysis to identify previously unrecognized cAMP nanodomains associated with β-adrenergic stimulation. We then validated the composition and function of one of these nanodomains using biochemical, pharmacological, and genetic approaches and cardiac myocytes from both rodents and humans. RESULTS We demonstrate the validity of the integrated phosphoproteomic strategy to pinpoint the location and provide critical cues to determine the function of previously unknown cAMP nanodomains. We characterize in detail one such compartment and demonstrate that the PDE3A2 isoform operates in a nuclear nanodomain that involves SMAD4 (SMAD family member 4) and HDAC-1 (histone deacetylase 1). Inhibition of PDE3 results in increased HDAC-1 phosphorylation, leading to inhibition of its deacetylase activity, derepression of gene transcription, and cardiac myocyte hypertrophic growth. CONCLUSIONS We developed a strategy for detailed mapping of subcellular PDE-specific cAMP nanodomains. Our findings reveal a mechanism that explains the negative long-term clinical outcome observed in patients with heart failure treated with PDE3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunasekaran Subramaniam
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Schleicher
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Duangnapa Kovanich
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (D.K., A.S., A.J.R.H.)
- Centre for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand (D.K.)
| | - Anna Zerio
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Milda Folkmanaite
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ying-Chi Chao
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicoletta C. Surdo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Now with Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padova (N.C.S.)
| | - Andreas Koschinski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jianshu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arjen Scholten
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (D.K., A.S., A.J.R.H.)
| | - Albert J.R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (D.K., A.S., A.J.R.H.)
| | - Maria Ercu
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin (M.E., A.S., E.K.)
| | - Anastasiia Sholokh
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin (M.E., A.S., E.K.)
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin (M.E., A.S., E.K.)
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (V.M., M.B.)
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (V.M., M.B.)
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.B.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy (M.B.)
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.Z.)
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.Z.)
| | - Svenja Hester
- Department of Biochemistry (S.H., S.M.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry (S.H., S.M.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (M.Z.)
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3
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Regulation of cardiac function by cAMP nanodomains. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:232544. [PMID: 36749130 PMCID: PMC9970827 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a diffusible intracellular second messenger that plays a key role in the regulation of cardiac function. In response to the release of catecholamines from sympathetic terminals, cAMP modulates heart rate and the strength of contraction and ease of relaxation of each heartbeat. At the same time, cAMP is involved in the response to a multitude of other hormones and neurotransmitters. A sophisticated network of regulatory mechanisms controls the temporal and spatial propagation of cAMP, resulting in the generation of signaling nanodomains that enable the second messenger to match each extracellular stimulus with the appropriate cellular response. Multiple proteins contribute to this spatiotemporal regulation, including the cAMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases (PDEs). By breaking down cAMP to a different extent at different locations, these enzymes generate subcellular cAMP gradients. As a result, only a subset of the downstream effectors is activated and a specific response is executed. Dysregulation of cAMP compartmentalization has been observed in cardiovascular diseases, highlighting the importance of appropriate control of local cAMP signaling. Current research is unveiling the molecular organization underpinning cAMP compartmentalization, providing original insight into the physiology of cardiac myocytes and the alteration associated with disease, with the potential to uncover novel therapeutic targets. Here, we present an overview of the mechanisms that are currently understood to be involved in generating cAMP nanodomains and we highlight the questions that remain to be answered.
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4
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Rodgers RL. A reappraisal of the role of cyclic AMP in the physiological action of glucagon. Peptides 2023; 159:170906. [PMID: 36396082 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Effects of the metabolic hormone glucagon can be physiological or supraphysiological, based on agonist concentration and the mediating cellular signal. The threshold concentration (TC) for activating the AC/cAMP signal pathway in liver is ≥ 100 pM. By contrast, mean plasma concentrations are around 20-45 pM, depending on the vascular bed. Accordingly, effects produced at TCs below 100 pM are physiological and mediated by cellular signal pathways other than AC/cAMP. Effects generated at concentrations above 100 pM are supraphysiological, often mediated by simultaneous activation of cAMP-independent and -dependent pathways. Physiological responses, and their established or implicated signal pathways, include stimulation of: glucose mobilization, fatty acid oxidation, and urea synthesis in liver (PLC/IP3/Ca2+/CaM); lipolysis in white and brown adipose tissue and oxygen consumption in brown adipose of the rat but not in humans (PLC/IP3/Ca2+/CaM); renal potassium and phosphate excretion in rodents and GFR in humans (signal undetermined); and glucose utilization in rat heart (PI3K/akt). Supraphysiological responses involve the AC/cAMP pathway and include: enhanced stimulation of glucose mobilization and stimulation of urea synthesis in liver; further stimulation of white and brown adipose lipolysis and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue; stimulation of renal Cl- transport; and increased rat heart contractility. The AC/cAMP pathway is likely recruited when plasma glucagon rises above 100 pM during periods of elevated metabolic stress and systemic glucose demand, such as in the early neonate or strenuously exercising adult. The current cAMP-centered model should therefore be reconsidered and replaced with one that places more emphasis on cAMP-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Rodgers
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02935, USA.
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5
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Luscombe VB, Lucy D, Bataille CJR, Russell AJ, Greaves DR. 20 Years an Orphan: Is GPR84 a Plausible Medium-Chain Fatty Acid-Sensing Receptor? DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1926-1937. [PMID: 33001759 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR84 is an inflammation-induced receptor highly expressed on immune cells, yet its endogenous ligand is still unknown. This makes any interpretation of its physiological activity in vivo difficult. However, experiments with potent synthetic agonists have highlighted what the receptor can do, namely, enhance proinflammatory signaling and macrophage effector functions such as phagocytosis. Developing drugs to block these effects has attracted interest from the scientific community with the aim of decreasing disease activity in inflammatory disorders or enhancing inflammation resolution. In this review, we critically reassess the widely held belief that the major role of GPR84 is that of being a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) receptor. While MCFAs have been shown to activate GPR84, it remains to be demonstrated that they are present in relevant tissues at appropriate concentrations. In contrast to four other "full-time" free fatty acid receptor subtypes, GPR84 is not expressed by enteroendocrine cells and has limited expression in the gastrointestinal tract. Across multiple tissues and cell types, the highest expression levels of GPR84 are observed hours after exposure to an inflammatory stimulus. These factors obscure the relationship between ligand and receptor in the human body and do not support the exclusive physiological pairing of MCFAs with GPR84. To maximize the chances of developing efficacious drugs for inflammatory diseases, we must advance our understanding of GPR84 and what it does in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent B Luscombe
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Lucy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry and University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Angela J Russell
- Department of Chemistry and University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David R Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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6
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Eid RA, Khalil MA, Alkhateeb MA, Eleawa SM, Zaki MSA, El-Kott AF, Al-Shraim M, El-Sayed F, Eldeen MA, Bin-Meferij MM, Awaji KME, Shatoor AS. Exendin-4 Attenuates Remodeling in the Remote Myocardium of Rats After an Acute Myocardial Infarction by Activating β-Arrestin-2, Protein Phosphatase 2A, and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 and Inhibiting β-Catenin. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 35:1095-1110. [PMID: 32474680 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested if the protective anti-remodeling effect of GLP-1 agonist Exendin-4 after an acute myocardial infarction (MI) in rats involves inhibition of the Wnt1/β-catenin signaling pathway. METHODS Rats were divided into sham, sham + Exendin-4 (10 μg/day, i.p), MI, and MI + Exendin-4. MI was introduced to rats by permanent left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) ligation. RESULTS On day 7 post-infraction, MI rats showed LV dysfunction with higher serum levels of cardiac markers. Their remote myocardia showed increased mRNA and protein levels of collagen I/III with higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines, as well as protein levels of Wnt1, phospho-Akt, transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), Smad, phospho-Smad3, α-SMA, caspase-3, and Bax. They also showed higher protein levels of phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK3β), as well as total, phosphorylated, and nuclear β-catenin with a concomitant decrease in the levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), mRNA of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and protein levels of Bcl-2, β-arrestin-2, and protein phosphatase-2 (PP2A). Administration of Exendin-4 to MI rats reduced the infarct size and reversed the aforementioned signaling molecules without altering protein levels of TGF-1β and Wnt1 or Akt activation. Interestingly, Exendin-4 increased mRNA levels of MnSOD, protein levels of β-arrestin-2 and PP2A, and β-catenin phosphorylation but reduced the phosphorylation of GSK3β and Smad3, and total β-catenin levels in the LV of control rats. CONCLUSION Exendin-4 inhibits the remodeling in the remote myocardium of rats following acute MI by attenuating β-catenin activation and activating β-arrestin-2, PP2A, and GSK3β. Graphical Abstract A graphical abstract that illustrates the mechanisms by which Exendin-4 inhibits cardiac remodeling in remote myocardium of left ventricle MI-induced rats. Mechanisms are assumed to occur in the cardiomyocytes and/or other resident cells such as fibroblast. Β-catenin activation and nuclear translocation are associated with increased synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and transforming growth factor β-1 (TGF-β1). GSK3β is inhibited by phosphorylation at Ser9. Under normal conditions, β-catenin is degraded in the cytoplasm by the active GSK3β-dependent degradation complex (un-phosphorylated) which usually phosphorylates β-catenin at Ser33/37/Thr41. After MI, TGF-β1, and Wnt 1 levels are significantly increased, the overproduction of Wnt1 induces β-catenin stabilization and nuclear translocation through increasing the phosphorylation of disheveled (DVL) protein which in turn phosphorylates and inhibits GSK3β. TGF-β1 stimulates the phosphorylation of Smad-3 and subsequent nuclear translocation to activate the transcription of collage 1/III and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Besides, TGF-β1 stabilizes cytoplasmic β-catenin levels indirectly by phosphorylation of Akt at Thr308-induced inhibition of GSK3β by increasing phosphorylation of Ser9. Exendin-4, and possibly through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), increases levels of cAMP and upregulates β-arrestin-2 levels. Both can result in a positive inotropic effect. Besides, β-arrestin-2 can stimulate PP2A to dephosphorylation Smad3 (inhibition) and GSK3β (activation), thus reduces fibrosis and prevents the activation of β-catenin and collagen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad Adnan Khalil
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M Eleawa
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, PAAET, Shuwaikh, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Samir Ahmed Zaki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Attalla Farag El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mubarak Al-Shraim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahmy El-Sayed
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, P.O. 641, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- Department of Biology, Physiology Section, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Khalid M E Awaji
- Clinical laboratories Department, Asser Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Clinical Cardiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Pin JP, Kniazeff J, Prézeau L, Liu JF, Rondard P. GPCR interaction as a possible way for allosteric control between receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 486:89-95. [PMID: 30849406 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For more than twenty years now, GPCR dimers and larger oligomers have been the subject of intense debates. Evidence for a role of such complexes in receptor trafficking to and from the plasma membrane have been provided. However, one main issue is of course to determine whether or not such a phenomenon can be responsible for an allosteric and reciprocal control (allosteric control) of the subunits. Such a possibility would indeed add to the possible ways a cell integrates various signals targeting GPCRs. Among the large GPCR family, the class C receptors that include mGlu and GABAB receptors, represent excellent models to examine such a possibility as they are mandatory dimers. In the present review, we will report on the observed allosteric interaction between the subunits of class C GPCRs, both mGluRs and GABABRs, and on the structural bases of these interactions. We will then discuss these findings for other GPCR types such as the rhodopsin-like class A receptors. We will show that many of the observations made with class C receptors have also been reported with class A receptors, suggesting that the mechanisms involved in the allosteric control between subunits in GPCR dimers may not be unique to class C GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
| | - Julie Kniazeff
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Prézeau
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Jiang-Feng Liu
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, International Research Center for Sensory Biology and Technology of MOST, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
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8
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Scholler P, Nevoltris D, de Bundel D, Bossi S, Moreno-Delgado D, Rovira X, Møller TC, El Moustaine D, Mathieu M, Blanc E, McLean H, Dupuis E, Mathis G, Trinquet E, Daniel H, Valjent E, Baty D, Chames P, Rondard P, Pin JP. Allosteric nanobodies uncover a role of hippocampal mGlu2 receptor homodimers in contextual fear consolidation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1967. [PMID: 29213077 PMCID: PMC5719040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have enormous therapeutic and biotechnology potential. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the main targets in drug development, are of major interest in antibody development programs. Metabotropic glutamate receptors are dimeric GPCRs that can control synaptic activity in a multitude of ways. Here we identify llama nanobodies that specifically recognize mGlu2 receptors, among the eight subtypes of mGluR subunits. Among these nanobodies, DN10 and 13 are positive allosteric modulators (PAM) on homodimeric mGlu2, while DN10 displays also a significant partial agonist activity. DN10 and DN13 have no effect on mGlu2-3 and mGlu2-4 heterodimers. These PAMs enhance the inhibitory action of the orthosteric mGlu2/mGlu3 agonist, DCG-IV, at mossy fiber terminals in the CA3 region of hippocampal slices. DN13 also impairs contextual fear memory when injected in the CA3 region of hippocampal region. These data highlight the potential of developing antibodies with allosteric actions on GPCRs to better define their roles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Scholler
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
- Cisbio Bioassays, F-30200, Codolet, France
| | - Damien Nevoltris
- Cisbio Bioassays, F-30200, Codolet, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Dimitri de Bundel
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Bossi
- CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Sud, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - David Moreno-Delgado
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Rovira
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Thor C Møller
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Driss El Moustaine
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Michaël Mathieu
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Emilie Blanc
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Heather McLean
- CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Sud, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | | | | | | | - Hervé Daniel
- CNRS UMR9197, Université Paris-Sud, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Valjent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France
| | - Daniel Baty
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, F-13009, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Chames
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, F-13009, Marseille, France.
| | - Philippe Rondard
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094, Montpellier, France.
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9
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Kaur H, Carvalho J, Looso M, Singh P, Chennupati R, Preussner J, Günther S, Albarrán-Juárez J, Tischner D, Classen S, Offermanns S, Wettschureck N. Single-cell profiling reveals heterogeneity and functional patterning of GPCR expression in the vascular system. Nat Commun 2017. [PMID: 28621310 PMCID: PMC5481776 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expression is extensively studied in bulk cDNA, but heterogeneity and functional patterning of GPCR expression in individual vascular cells is poorly understood. Here, we perform a microfluidic-based single-cell GPCR expression analysis in primary smooth muscle cells (SMC) and endothelial cells (EC). GPCR expression is highly heterogeneous in all cell types, which is confirmed in reporter mice, on the protein level and in human cells. Inflammatory activation in murine models of sepsis or atherosclerosis results in characteristic changes in the GPCR repertoire, and we identify functionally relevant subgroups of cells that are characterized by specific GPCR patterns. We further show that dedifferentiating SMC upregulate GPCRs such as Gpr39, Gprc5b, Gprc5c or Gpr124, and that selective targeting of Gprc5b modulates their differentiation state. Taken together, single-cell profiling identifies receptors expressed on pathologically relevant subpopulations and provides a basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies in vascular diseases. GPCRs are key regulators of vascular functions. By analysing single-cell GPCRs expression in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells from healthy and diseased murine vessels, Kaur et al. show that GPCR expression is highly heterogeneous in all cell types and that disease causes GPCR repertoire changes depending on cell type and vascular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - J Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - M Looso
- ECCPS Bioinformatics Facility, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - P Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - R Chennupati
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - J Preussner
- ECCPS Bioinformatics Facility, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - S Günther
- ECCPS Deep sequencing platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - J Albarrán-Juárez
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - D Tischner
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - S Classen
- Harvey Vascular Centre, Kerckhoff-Klinik, Benekestraße 2-8, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - S Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstr 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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10
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Vincent A, Sportouch C, Covinhes A, Barrère C, Gallot L, Delgado-Betancourt V, Lattuca B, Solecki K, Boisguérin P, Piot C, Nargeot J, Barrère-Lemaire S. Cardiac mGluR1 metabotropic receptors in cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Res 2017; 113:644-655. [PMID: 28453728 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS In a previous study using a genome-wide microarray strategy, we identified metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) as a putative cardioprotective candidate in ischaemic postconditioning (PostC). In the present study, we investigated the role of cardiac mGluR1 receptors during cardioprotection against myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in the mouse myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS mGluR1 activation by glutamate administered 5 min before reperfusion in C57Bl/6 mice subjected to a myocardial ischaemia protocol strongly decreased both infarct size and DNA fragmentation measured at 24 h reperfusion. This cardioprotective effect was mimicked by the mGluR1 agonist, DHPG (10 μM), and abolished when glutamate was coinjected with the mGluR1 antagonist YM298198 (100 nM). Wortmannin (100 nM), an inhibitor of PI3-kinase, was able to prevent glutamate-induced cardioprotection. A glutamate bolus at the onset of reperfusion failed to protect the heart of mGluR1 knockout mice subjected to a myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion protocol, although PostC still protected the mGluR1 KO mice. Glutamate-treatment improved post-infarction functional recovery as evidenced by an echocardiographic study performed 15 days after treatment and by a histological evaluation of fibrosis 21 days post-treatment. Interestingly, restoration of functional mGluR1s by a PostC stimulus was evidenced at the transcriptional level. Since mGluR1s were localized at the surface membrane of cardiomyocytes, they might contribute to the cardioprotective effect of ischaemic PostC as other Gq-coupled receptors. CONCLUSION This study provides the first demonstration that mGluR1 activation at the onset of reperfusion induces cardioprotection and might represent a putative strategy to prevent ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Vincent
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | - Catherine Sportouch
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
- Département de cardiologie interventionnelle, Clinique du Millénaire, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Aurélie Covinhes
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | - Christian Barrère
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | - Laura Gallot
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | - Viviana Delgado-Betancourt
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | - Benoît Lattuca
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | - Kamila Solecki
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | | | - Christophe Piot
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
- Département de cardiologie interventionnelle, Clinique du Millénaire, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Nargeot
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
| | - Stéphanie Barrère-Lemaire
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ. Montpellier, F-34094 Montpellier, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, F-06560 Valbonne
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11
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Boularan C, Gales C. Cardiac cAMP: production, hydrolysis, modulation and detection. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:203. [PMID: 26483685 PMCID: PMC4589651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) modulates a broad range of biological processes including the regulation of cardiac myocyte contractile function where it constitutes the main second messenger for β-adrenergic receptors' signaling to fulfill positive chronotropic, inotropic and lusitropic effects. A growing number of studies pinpoint the role of spatial organization of the cAMP signaling as an essential mechanism to regulate cAMP outcomes in cardiac physiology. Here, we will briefly discuss the complexity of cAMP synthesis and degradation in the cardiac context, describe the way to detect it and review the main pharmacological arsenal to modulate its availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Boularan
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Gales
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
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12
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Insel PA, Wilderman A, Zambon AC, Snead AN, Murray F, Aroonsakool N, McDonald DS, Zhou S, McCann T, Zhang L, Sriram K, Chinn AM, Michkov AV, Lynch RM, Overland AC, Corriden R. G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Expression in Native Cells: "Novel" endoGPCRs as Physiologic Regulators and Therapeutic Targets. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:181-7. [PMID: 25737495 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.098129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of signaling receptors in the human genome, are also the largest class of targets of approved drugs. Are the optimal GPCRs (in terms of efficacy and safety) currently targeted therapeutically? Especially given the large number (∼ 120) of orphan GPCRs (which lack known physiologic agonists), it is likely that previously unrecognized GPCRs, especially orphan receptors, regulate cell function and can be therapeutic targets. Knowledge is limited regarding the diversity and identity of GPCRs that are activated by endogenous ligands and that native cells express. Here, we review approaches to define GPCR expression in tissues and cells and results from studies using these approaches. We identify problems with the available data and suggest future ways to identify and validate the physiologic and therapeutic roles of previously unrecognized GPCRs. We propose that a particularly useful approach to identify functionally important GPCRs with therapeutic potential will be to focus on receptors that show selective increases in expression in diseased cells from patients and experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Insel
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Andrea Wilderman
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alexander C Zambon
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Aaron N Snead
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Fiona Murray
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Nakon Aroonsakool
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniel S McDonald
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Shu Zhou
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Thalia McCann
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Krishna Sriram
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Amy M Chinn
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Alexander V Michkov
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rebecca M Lynch
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Aaron C Overland
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ross Corriden
- Departments of Pharmacology (P.A.I., A.W., A.C.Z., A.N.S., N.A., D.S.M., S.Z., T.M., L.Z., K.S., A.M.C., A.V.M., R.M.L., A.C.O., R.C.) and Medicine (P.A.I., F.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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13
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Foster SR, Roura E, Molenaar P, Thomas WG. G protein-coupled receptors in cardiac biology: old and new receptors. Biophys Rev 2015; 7:77-89. [PMID: 28509979 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-014-0154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are seven-transmembrane-spanning proteins that mediate cellular and physiological responses. They are critical for cardiovascular function and are targeted for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Nevertheless, current therapies only target a small fraction of the cardiac GPCR repertoire, indicating that there are many opportunities to investigate unappreciated aspects of heart biology. Here, we offer an update on the contemporary view of GPCRs and the complexities of their signalling, and review the roles of the 'classical' GPCRs in cardiovascular physiology and disease. We then provide insights into other GPCRs that have been less extensively studied in the heart, including orphan, odorant and taste receptors. We contend that these novel cardiac GPCRs contribute to heart function in health and disease and thereby offer exciting opportunities to therapeutically modulate heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon R Foster
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, 4072, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eugeni Roura
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, 4072, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Nutrition & Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter Molenaar
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Walter G Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, 4072, Brisbane, Australia.
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14
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Ali S, Ussher JR, Baggio LL, Kabir MG, Charron MJ, Ilkayeva O, Newgard CB, Drucker DJ. Cardiomyocyte glucagon receptor signaling modulates outcomes in mice with experimental myocardial infarction. Mol Metab 2014; 4:132-43. [PMID: 25685700 PMCID: PMC4314543 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Glucagon is a hormone with metabolic actions that maintains normoglycemia during the fasting state. Strategies enabling either inhibition or activation of glucagon receptor (Gcgr) signaling are being explored for the treatment of diabetes or obesity. However, the cardiovascular consequences of manipulating glucagon action are poorly understood. Methods We assessed infarct size and the following outcomes following left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation; cardiac gene and protein expression, acylcarnitine profiles, and cardiomyocyte survival in normoglycemic non-obese wildtype mice, and in newly generated mice with selective inactivation of the cardiomyocyte Gcgr. Complementary experiments analyzed Gcgr signaling and cell survival in cardiomyocyte cultures and cell lines, in the presence or absence of exogenous glucagon. Results Exogenous glucagon administration directly impaired recovery of ventricular pressure in ischemic mouse hearts ex vivo, and increased mortality from myocardial infarction after LAD coronary artery ligation in mice in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. In contrast, cardiomyocyte-specific reduction of glucagon action in adult GcgrCM−/− mice significantly improved survival, and reduced hypertrophy and infarct size following myocardial infarction. Metabolic profiling of hearts from GcgrCM−/− mice revealed a marked reduction in long chain acylcarnitines in both aerobic and ischemic hearts, and following high fat feeding, consistent with an essential role for Gcgr signaling in the control of cardiac fatty acid utilization. Conclusions Activation or reduction of cardiac Gcgr signaling in the ischemic heart produces substantial cardiac phenotypes, findings with implications for therapeutic strategies designed to augment or inhibit Gcgr signaling for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safina Ali
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John R Ussher
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laurie L Baggio
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Golam Kabir
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maureen J Charron
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA ; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher B Newgard
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA ; Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ; Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors represent 2 distinct classes of incretin-based therapies used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Activation of GLP-1R signaling or inhibition of DPP-4 activity produces a broad range of overlapping and unique cardiovascular actions. Native GLP-1 regulates cardiovascular biology via activation of the classical GLP-1R, or through GLP-1(9-36), a cardioactive metabolite generated by DPP-4-mediated cleavage. In contrast, clinically approved GLP-1R agonists are not cleaved to GLP-1(9-36) and produce the majority of their actions through the classical GLP-1R. The cardiovascular mechanisms engaged by DPP-4 inhibition are more complex, encompassing increased levels of intact GLP-1, reduced levels of GLP-1(9-36), and changes in levels of numerous cardioactive peptides. Herein we review recent experimental and clinical advances that reveal how GLP-1R agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors affect the normal and diabetic heart and coronary vasculature, often independent of changes in blood glucose. Improved understanding of the complex science of incretin-based therapies is required to optimize the selection of these therapeutic agents for the treatment of diabetic patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Ussher
- From the Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- From the Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Foster SR, Blank K, Hoe LES, Behrens M, Meyerhof W, Peart JN, Thomas WG. Bitter taste receptor agonists elicit G‐protein‐dependent negative inotropy in the murine heart. FASEB J 2014; 28:4497-508. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-256305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon R. Foster
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kristina Blank
- Department of Molecular GeneticsGerman Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam‐RehbrückeNuthetalGermany
| | - Louise E. See Hoe
- Griffith Health InstituteGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Maik Behrens
- Department of Molecular GeneticsGerman Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam‐RehbrückeNuthetalGermany
| | - Wolfgang Meyerhof
- Department of Molecular GeneticsGerman Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam‐RehbrückeNuthetalGermany
| | - Jason N. Peart
- Griffith Health InstituteGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Walter G. Thomas
- School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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17
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Banerjee I, Zhang J, Moore-Morris T, Pfeiffer E, Buchholz KS, Liu A, Ouyang K, Stroud MJ, Gerace L, Evans SM, McCulloch A, Chen J. Targeted ablation of nesprin 1 and nesprin 2 from murine myocardium results in cardiomyopathy, altered nuclear morphology and inhibition of the biomechanical gene response. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004114. [PMID: 24586179 PMCID: PMC3930490 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent interest has focused on the importance of the nucleus and associated nucleoskeleton in regulating changes in cardiac gene expression in response to biomechanical load. Mutations in genes encoding proteins of the inner nuclear membrane and nucleoskeleton, which cause cardiomyopathy, also disrupt expression of a biomechanically responsive gene program. Furthermore, mutations in the outer nuclear membrane protein Nesprin 1 and 2 have been implicated in cardiomyopathy. Here, we identify for the first time a role for the outer nuclear membrane proteins, Nesprin 1 and Nesprin 2, in regulating gene expression in response to biomechanical load. Ablation of both Nesprin 1 and 2 in cardiomyocytes, but neither alone, resulted in early onset cardiomyopathy. Mutant cardiomyocytes exhibited altered nuclear positioning, shape, and chromatin positioning. Loss of Nesprin 1 or 2, or both, led to impairment of gene expression changes in response to biomechanical stimuli. These data suggest a model whereby biomechanical signals are communicated from proteins of the outer nuclear membrane, to the inner nuclear membrane and nucleoskeleton, to result in changes in gene expression required for adaptation of the cardiomyocyte to changes in biomechanical load, and give insights into etiologies underlying cardiomyopathy consequent to mutations in Nesprin 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indroneal Banerjee
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jianlin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Moore-Morris
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Emily Pfeiffer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kyle S Buchholz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ao Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America ; Drug Discovery Center, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Matthew J Stroud
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Larry Gerace
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sylvia M Evans
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew McCulloch
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America ; Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ju Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Expression, regulation and putative nutrient-sensing function of taste GPCRs in the heart. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64579. [PMID: 23696900 PMCID: PMC3655793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical for cardiovascular physiology. Cardiac cells express >100 nonchemosensory GPCRs, indicating that important physiological and potential therapeutic targets remain to be discovered. Moreover, there is a growing appreciation that members of the large, distinct taste and odorant GPCR families have specific functions in tissues beyond the oronasal cavity, including in the brain, gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. To date, these chemosensory GPCRs have not been systematically studied in the heart. We performed RT-qPCR taste receptor screens in rodent and human heart tissues that revealed discrete subsets of type 2 taste receptors (TAS2/Tas2) as well as Tas1r1 and Tas1r3 (comprising the umami receptor) are expressed. These taste GPCRs are present in cultured cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts, and by in situ hybridization can be visualized across the myocardium in isolated cardiac cells. Tas1r1 gene-targeted mice (Tas1r1(Cre)/Rosa26(tdRFP)) strikingly recapitulated these data. In vivo taste receptor expression levels were developmentally regulated in the postnatal period. Intriguingly, several Tas2rs were upregulated in cultured rat myocytes and in mouse heart in vivo following starvation. The discovery of taste GPCRs in the heart opens an exciting new field of cardiac research. We predict that these taste receptors may function as nutrient sensors in the heart.
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Kim M, Platt MJ, Shibasaki T, Quaggin SE, Backx PH, Seino S, Simpson JA, Drucker DJ. GLP-1 receptor activation and Epac2 link atrial natriuretic peptide secretion to control of blood pressure. Nat Med 2013; 19:567-75. [PMID: 23542788 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists exert antihypertensive actions through incompletely understood mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that cardiac Glp1r expression is localized to cardiac atria and that GLP-1R activation promotes the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and a reduction of blood pressure. Consistent with an indirect ANP-dependent mechanism for the antihypertensive effects of GLP-1R activation, the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide did not directly increase the amount of cyclic GMP (cGMP) or relax preconstricted aortic rings; however, conditioned medium from liraglutide-treated hearts relaxed aortic rings in an endothelium-independent, GLP-1R-dependent manner. Liraglutide did not induce ANP secretion, vasorelaxation or lower blood pressure in Glp1r(-/-) or Nppa(-/-) mice. Cardiomyocyte GLP-1R activation promoted the translocation of the Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor Epac2 (also known as Rapgef4) to the membrane, whereas Epac2 deficiency eliminated GLP-1R-dependent stimulation of ANP secretion. Plasma ANP concentrations were increased after refeeding in wild-type but not Glp1r(-/-) mice, and liraglutide increased urine sodium excretion in wild-type but not Nppa(-/-) mice. These findings define a gut-heart GLP-1R-dependent and ANP-dependent axis that regulates blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsuk Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Snead AN, Insel PA. Defining the cellular repertoire of GPCRs identifies a profibrotic role for the most highly expressed receptor, protease-activated receptor 1, in cardiac fibroblasts. FASEB J 2012; 26:4540-7. [PMID: 22859370 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-213496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have many roles in cell regulation and are commonly used as drug targets, but the repertoire of GPCRs expressed by individual cell types has not been defined. Here we use an unbiased approach, GPCR RT-PCR array, to define the expression of nonchemosensory GPCRs by cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) isolated from Rattus norvegicus. CFs were selected because of their importance for cardiac structure and function and their contribution to cardiac fibrosis, which occurs with advanced age, after acute injury (e.g., myocardial infarction), and in disease states (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypertension). We discovered that adult rat CFs express 190 GPCRs and that activation of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), the most highly expressed receptor, raises the expression of profibrotic markers in rat CFs, resulting in a 60% increase in collagen synthesis and conversion to a profibrogenic myofibroblast phenotype. We use siRNA knockdown of PAR1 (90% decrease in mRNA) to show that the profibrotic effects of thrombin are PAR1-dependent. These findings, which define the expression of GPCRs in CFs, provide a proof of principle of an approach to discover previously unappreciated, functionally relevant GPCRs and reveal a potential role for thrombin and PAR1 in wound repair and pathophysiology of the adult heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron N Snead
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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21
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Insel PA, Snead A, Murray F, Zhang L, Yokouchi H, Katakia T, Kwon O, Dimucci D, Wilderman A. GPCR expression in tissues and cells: are the optimal receptors being used as drug targets? Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:1613-1616. [PMID: 21488863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01434.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors [GPCRs, also known as 7-transmembrane (7-TM) receptors] comprise the largest family of membrane receptors in humans and other species and, in addition, represent the greatest number of current drug targets. In this article, we review methods to define GPCR expression and data indicating that individual cells express >100 different GPCRs. Results from studies that have quantified expression of these receptors lead us to conclude that the optimal GPCRs may not be currently used as therapeutic targets. We propose that studies of GPCR expression in individual cells will likely reveal new insights regarding cellular physiology and therapeutic approaches. Findings that define and characterize the most highly expressed GPCRs thus have important potential in terms of identifying new drug targets and novel therapies directed at a wide range of clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Insel
- Departments of PharmacologyMedicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Snead
- Departments of PharmacologyMedicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - F Murray
- Departments of PharmacologyMedicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L Zhang
- Departments of PharmacologyMedicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - H Yokouchi
- Departments of PharmacologyMedicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - T Katakia
- Departments of PharmacologyMedicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - O Kwon
- Departments of PharmacologyMedicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D Dimucci
- Departments of PharmacologyMedicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Wilderman
- Departments of PharmacologyMedicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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22
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Hazell GG, Hindmarch CC, Pope GR, Roper JA, Lightman SL, Murphy D, O’Carroll AM, Lolait SJ. G protein-coupled receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei--serpentine gateways to neuroendocrine homeostasis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2012; 33:45-66. [PMID: 21802439 PMCID: PMC3336209 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of transmembrane receptors in the mammalian genome. They are activated by a multitude of different ligands that elicit rapid intracellular responses to regulate cell function. Unsurprisingly, a large proportion of therapeutic agents target these receptors. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus are important mediators in homeostatic control. Many modulators of PVN/SON activity, including neurotransmitters and hormones act via GPCRs--in fact over 100 non-chemosensory GPCRs have been detected in either the PVN or SON. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the expression of GPCRs within the PVN/SON, including data from recent transcriptomic studies that potentially expand the repertoire of GPCRs that may have functional roles in these hypothalamic nuclei. We also present some aspects of the regulation and known roles of GPCRs in PVN/SON, which are likely complemented by the activity of 'orphan' GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen J. Lolait
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
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23
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Maurel B, Le Digarcher A, Dantec C, Journot L. Genome-wide profiling of G protein-coupled receptors in cerebellar granule neurons using high-throughput, real-time PCR. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:241. [PMID: 21575240 PMCID: PMC3111393 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are major players in cell communication, regulate a whole range of physiological functions during development and throughout adult life, are affected in numerous pathological situations, and constitute so far the largest class of drugable targets for human diseases. The corresponding genes are usually expressed at low levels, making accurate, genome-wide quantification of their expression levels a challenging task using microarrays. Results We first draw an inventory of all endo-GPCRs encoded in the murine genome. To profile GPCRs genome-wide accurately, sensitively, comprehensively, and cost-effectively, we designed and validated a collection of primers that we used in quantitative RT-PCR experiments. We experimentally validated a statistical approach to analyze genome-wide, real-time PCR data. To illustrate the usefulness of this approach, we determined the repertoire of GPCRs expressed in cerebellar granule neurons and neuroblasts during postnatal development. Conclusions We identified tens of GPCRs that were not detected previously in this cell type; these GPCRs represent novel candidate players in the development and survival of cerebellar granule neurons. The sequences of primers used in this study are freely available to those interested in quantifying GPCR expression comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Maurel
- Institut de Genomique Fonctionnelle, 141 rue de la cardonille, F-34094 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
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24
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Descoeur J, Pereira V, Pizzoccaro A, Francois A, Ling B, Maffre V, Couette B, Busserolles J, Courteix C, Noel J, Lazdunski M, Eschalier A, Authier N, Bourinet E. Oxaliplatin-induced cold hypersensitivity is due to remodelling of ion channel expression in nociceptors. EMBO Mol Med 2011; 3:266-78. [PMID: 21438154 PMCID: PMC3377073 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold hypersensitivity is the hallmark of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy, which develops in nearly all patients under this chemotherapy. To date, pain management strategies have failed to alleviate these symptoms, hence development of adapted analgesics is needed. Here, we report that oxaliplatin exaggerates cold perception in mice as well as in patients. These symptoms are mediated by primary afferent sensory neurons expressing the thermoreceptor TRPM8. Mechanistically, oxaliplatin promotes over-excitability by drastically lowering the expression of distinct potassium channels (TREK1, TRAAK) and by increasing the expression of pro-excitatory channels such as the hyperpolarization-activated channels (HCNs). These findings are corroborated by the analysis of TREK1-TRAAK null mice and use of the specific HCN inhibitor ivabradine, which abolishes the oxaliplatin-induced cold hypersensibility. These results suggest that oxaliplatin exacerbates cold perception by modulating the transcription of distinct ionic conductances that together shape sensory neuron responses to cold. The translational and clinical implication of these findings would be that ivabradine may represent a tailored treatment for oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Descoeur
- Département de Physiologie, CNRS, UMR-5203, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier, France
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Abstract
Characterisation of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mRNA expression under normal, different pharmacological and pathological conditions in experimental animal models and human tissue biopsies by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a valuable approach to understand the regulation of GPCR expression. RT-qPCR is specific and sensitive with a broad dynamic range, which allows precise quantification of mRNA species of interest. In addition to measuring the relative levels of mRNA in a tissue or changes in expression levels between groups of genes of interest, RT-qPCR is also used to identify splice variants and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of GPCRs. Even though RT-qPCR has become the standard method for quantification of gene expression, RT-qPCR is sensitive to RNA quality, assay design, normalisation approach and data analysis. This protocol is meant as a guide to RT-qPCR methodology with references to the best standard methods available at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Brattelid
- National Institute of Nutrition and Seafood Research, Bergen, Norway
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26
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Anatomical and histological profiling of orphan G-protein-coupled receptor expression in gastrointestinal tract of C57BL/6J mice. Cell Tissue Res 2009; 338:257-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-009-0859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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27
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Braun OÖ, Insel PA. The Best “Model System” for Human (Coronary Arteries) Is Human⁎⁎Editorials published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiologyreflect the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of JACCor the American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 54:1146-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2009.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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