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Cui Q, Wang L, Wang H, Chen X, Han L, Geng T, Kou Y, Zhang W, Dai M, Qiao H, Sun Z, Li L, Lan Z, Xu H, Xu J, Dai Y, Geng Y. Nanobodies as negative allosteric modulators for human calcium sensing receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 695:149401. [PMID: 38154264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Human calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) senses calcium ion concentrations in vivo and is an important class of drug targets. Mutations in the receptor can lead to disorders of calcium homeostasis, including hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia. Here, 127 CaSR-targeted nanobodies were generated from camels, and four nanobodies with inhibitory function were further identified. Among these nanobodies, NB32 can effectively inhibit the mobilization of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+i) and suppress the G12/13 and ERK1/2 signaling pathways downstream of CaSR. Moreover, it enhanced the inhibitory effect of the calcilytics as a negative allosteric modulator (NAM). We determined the structure of complex and found NB32 bound to LB2 (Ligand-binding 2) domain of CaSR to prevent the interaction of LB2 domains of two protomers to stabilize the inactive state of CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Cui
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li Han
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tengjie Geng
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yongjun Kou
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mei Dai
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huarui Qiao
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zengchao Sun
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhongyun Lan
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Xu
- NEST Lab, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, and Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Yong Geng
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Stake Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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2
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Dinh LV, DeBono A, Keller AN, Josephs TM, Gregory KJ, Leach K, Capuano B. Development of AC265347-Inspired Calcium-Sensing Receptor Ago-Positive Allosteric Modulators. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3451-3462. [PMID: 34216111 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a clinical target in the treatment of hyperparathyroidism and related diseases. However, clinical use of approved CaSR-targeting drugs such as cinacalcet is limited due to adverse side effects including hypocalcaemia, nausea and vomiting, and in some instances, a lack of efficacy. The CaSR agonist and positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM), AC265347, is chemically distinct from clinically-approved CaSR PAMs. AC265347 potently suppressed parathyroid hormone (PTH) release in rats with a lower propensity to cause hypocalcaemia compared to cinacalcet and may therefore offer benefits over current CaSR PAMs. Here we report a structure activity relationship (SAR) study seeking to optimise AC265347 as a drug candidate and disclose the discovery of AC265347-like compounds with diverse pharmacology and improved physicochemical and drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Vi Dinh
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University), 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University), 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Aaron DeBono
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University), 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew N Keller
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University), 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tracy M Josephs
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University), 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University), 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, 9 Ancora Imparo Way, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University), 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, 9 Ancora Imparo Way, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Ben Capuano
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University), 381 Royal Parade, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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3
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Porcu A, Mostallino R, Serra V, Melis M, Sogos V, Beggiato S, Ferraro L, Manetti F, Gianibbi B, Bettler B, Corelli F, Mugnaini C, Castelli MP. COR758, a negative allosteric modulator of GABA B receptors. Neuropharmacology 2021; 189:108537. [PMID: 33798546 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric modulators of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), including GABABRs (GABABRs), are promising therapeutic candidates. While several positive allosteric modulators (PAM) of GABABRs have been characterized, only recently the first negative allosteric modulator (NAM) has been described. In the present study, we report the characterization of COR758, which acts as GABABR NAM in rat cortical membranes and CHO cells stably expressing GABABRs (CHO-GABAB). COR758 failed to displace the antagonist [3H]CGP54626 from the orthosteric binding site of GABABRs showing that it acts through an allosteric binding site. Docking studies revealed a possible new allosteric binding site for COR758 in the intrahelical pocket of the GABAB1 monomer. COR758 inhibited basal and GABABR-stimulated O-(3-[35Sthio)-triphosphate ([35S]GTPγS) binding in brain membranes and blocked the enhancement of GABABR-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding by the PAM GS39783. Bioluminescent resonance energy transfer (BRET) measurements in CHO-GABAB cells showed that COR758 inhibited G protein activation by GABA and altered GABABR subunit rearrangements. Additionally, the compound altered GABABR-mediated signaling such as baclofen-induced inhibition of cAMP production in transfected HEK293 cells, agonist-induced Ca2+ mobilization as well as baclofen and the ago-PAM CGP7930 induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) in CHO-GABAB cells. COR758 also prevented baclofen-induced outward currents recorded from rat dopamine neurons, substantiating its property as a NAM for GABABRs. Altogether, these data indicate that COR758 inhibits G protein signaling by GABABRs, likely by interacting with an allosteric binding-site. Therefore, COR758 might serve as a scaffold to develop additional NAMs for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Porcu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rafaela Mostallino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Valeria Serra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Miriam Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Valeria Sogos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Sarah Beggiato
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Medicinal and Health Products, and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Section of Medicinal and Health Products, and LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Manetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, SI, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gianibbi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, SI, Italy
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50-70, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Federico Corelli
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, SI, Italy
| | - Claudia Mugnaini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, I-53100, Siena, SI, Italy
| | - M Paola Castelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy; Guy Everett Laboratory, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy; Center of Excellence "Neurobiology of Addiction", University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, Italy.
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4
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Arsova A, Møller TC, Hellyer SD, Vedel L, Foster SR, Hansen JL, Bräuner-Osborne H, Gregory KJ. Positive Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 as Tool Compounds to Study Signaling Bias. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 99:328-341. [PMID: 33602724 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 (mGlu5) receptor has emerged as a potential new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of schizophrenia and cognitive impairments. However, positive allosteric modulator (PAM) agonist activity has been associated with adverse side effects, and neurotoxicity has also been observed for pure PAMs. The structural and pharmacological basis of therapeutic versus adverse mGlu5 PAM in vivo effects remains unknown. Thus, gaining insights into the signaling fingerprints, as well as the binding kinetics of structurally diverse mGlu5 PAMs, may help in the rational design of compounds with desired properties. We assessed the binding and signaling profiles of N-methyl-5-(phenylethynyl)pyrimidin-2-amine (MPPA), 3-cyano-N-(2,5-diphenylpyrazol-3-yl)benzamide (CDPPB), and 1-[4-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-(4-pyridylmethoxy)ethenone [compound 2c, a close analog of 1-(4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)ethanone] in human embryonic kidney 293A cells stably expressing mGlu5 using Ca2+ mobilization, inositol monophosphate (IP1) accumulation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and receptor internalization assays. Of the three allosteric ligands, only CDPPB had intrinsic agonist efficacy, and it also had the longest receptor residence time and highest affinity. MPPA was a biased PAM, showing higher positive cooperativity with orthosteric agonists in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and Ca2+ mobilization over IP1 accumulation and receptor internalization. In primary cortical neurons, all three PAMs showed stronger positive cooperativity with (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) in Ca2+ mobilization over IP1 accumulation. Our characterization of three structurally diverse mGlu5 PAMs provides further molecular pharmacological insights and presents the first assessment of PAM-mediated mGlu5 internalization. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Enhancing metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) activity is a promising strategy to treat cognitive and positive symptoms in schizophrenia. It is increasingly evident that positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of mGlu5 are not all equal in preclinical models; there remains a need to better understand the molecular pharmacological properties of mGlu5 PAMs. This study reports detailed characterization of the binding and functional pharmacological properties of mGlu5 PAMs and is the first study of the effects of mGlu5 PAMs on receptor internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Arsova
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Thor C Møller
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Shane D Hellyer
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Line Vedel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Simon R Foster
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Jakob L Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.A., T.C.M., L.V., S.R.F., H.B.-O.); Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia (S.D.H., K.J.G.); and Cardiovascular Research, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park 1, Måløv, Denmark (J.L.H.)
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5
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Davis DC, Bungard JD, Chang S, Rodriguez AL, Blobaum AL, Boutaud O, Melancon BJ, Niswender CM, Jeffrey Conn P, Lindsley CW. Lead optimization of the VU0486321 series of mGlu 1 PAMs. Part 4: SAR reveals positive cooperativity across multiple mGlu receptor subtypes leading to subtype unselective PAMs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 32:127724. [PMID: 33253881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Further optimization of the VU0486321 series of highly selective and CNS-penetrant mGlu1 PAMs identified unique 'molecular switches' on the central aromatic ring that engendered positive cooperativity with multiple mGlu subtypes across the receptor family, resulting in compounds with comparable activity at Group I (mGlu1/5) and Group III (mGlu4/6/7/8) mGlu receptors, receptors. These exciting data suggests this PAM chemotype appears to bind to multiple mGlu receptors, and that subtype selectivity is dictated by the degree of cooperativity, not a subtype selective, unique allosteric binding site. Moreover, there is interesting therapeutic potential for mGlu1/4/7/8 PAMs, as well as the first report of a GPCR allosteric 'privileged structure'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexter C Davis
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph D Bungard
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sichen Chang
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alice L Rodriguez
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Annie L Blobaum
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bruce J Melancon
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Warren Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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6
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Orgován Z, Ferenczy GG, Keserű GM. Allosteric Molecular Switches in Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:81-93. [PMID: 32686363 PMCID: PMC7818470 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu) are class C G protein-coupled receptors of eight subtypes that are omnipresently expressed in the central nervous system. mGlus have relevance in several psychiatric and neurological disorders, therefore they raise considerable interest as drug targets. Allosteric modulators of mGlus offer advantages over orthosteric ligands owing to their increased potential to achieve subtype selectivity, and this has prompted discovery programs that have produced a large number of reported allosteric mGlu ligands. However, the optimization of allosteric ligands into drug candidates has proved to be challenging owing to induced-fit effects, flat or steep structure-activity relationships and unexpected changes in theirpharmacology. Subtle structural changes identified as molecular switches might modulate the functional activity of allosteric ligands. Here we review these switches discovered in the metabotropic glutamate receptor family..
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Orgován
- Medicinal Chemistry Research GroupResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok krt. 2Budapest1117Hungary
| | - György G. Ferenczy
- Medicinal Chemistry Research GroupResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok krt. 2Budapest1117Hungary
| | - György M. Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research GroupResearch Centre for Natural SciencesMagyar tudósok krt. 2Budapest1117Hungary
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7
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Gregory KJ, Goudet C. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CXI. Pharmacology, Signaling, and Physiology of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 73:521-569. [PMID: 33361406 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.019133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors respond to glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, mediating a modulatory role that is critical for higher-order brain functions such as learning and memory. Since the first mGlu receptor was cloned in 1992, eight subtypes have been identified along with many isoforms and splice variants. The mGlu receptors are transmembrane-spanning proteins belonging to the class C G protein-coupled receptor family and represent attractive targets for a multitude of central nervous system disorders. Concerted drug discovery efforts over the past three decades have yielded a wealth of pharmacological tools including subtype-selective agents that competitively block or mimic the actions of glutamate or act allosterically via distinct sites to enhance or inhibit receptor activity. Herein, we review the physiologic and pathophysiological roles for individual mGlu receptor subtypes including the pleiotropic nature of intracellular signal transduction arising from each. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties of prototypical and commercially available orthosteric agonists and antagonists as well as allosteric modulators, including ligands that have entered clinical trials. Finally, we highlight emerging areas of research that hold promise to facilitate rational design of highly selective mGlu receptor-targeting therapeutics in the future. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The metabotropic glutamate receptors are attractive therapeutic targets for a range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Over the past three decades, intense discovery efforts have yielded diverse pharmacological tools acting either competitively or allosterically, which have enabled dissection of fundamental biological process modulated by metabotropic glutamate receptors and established proof of concept for many therapeutic indications. We review metabotropic glutamate receptor molecular pharmacology and highlight emerging areas that are offering new avenues to selectively modulate neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.) and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France (C.G.)
| | - Cyril Goudet
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.) and Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), Montpellier, France (C.G.)
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8
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Odoemelam CS, Percival B, Wallis H, Chang MW, Ahmad Z, Scholey D, Burton E, Williams IH, Kamerlin CL, Wilson PB. G-Protein coupled receptors: structure and function in drug discovery. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36337-36348. [PMID: 35517958 PMCID: PMC9057076 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08003a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) superfamily comprise similar proteins arranged into families or classes thus making it one of the largest in the mammalian genome. GPCRs take part in many vital physiological functions making them targets for numerous novel drugs. GPCRs share some distinctive features, such as the seven transmembrane domains, they also differ in the number of conserved residues in their transmembrane domain. Here we provide an introductory and accessible review detailing the computational advances in GPCR pharmacology and drug discovery. An overview is provided on family A-C GPCRs; their structural differences, GPCR signalling, allosteric binding and cooperativity. The dielectric constant (relative permittivity) of proteins is also discussed in the context of site-specific environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benita Percival
- Nottingham Trent University 50 Shakespeare St Nottingham NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Helen Wallis
- Nottingham Trent University 50 Shakespeare St Nottingham NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Ming-Wei Chang
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bioengineering Centre, University of Ulster Jordanstown Campus Newtownabbey BT37 0QB Northern Ireland UK
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad
- De Montfort University The Gateway Leicester LE1 9BH UK
| | - Dawn Scholey
- Nottingham Trent University 50 Shakespeare St Nottingham NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Emily Burton
- Nottingham Trent University 50 Shakespeare St Nottingham NG1 4FQ UK
| | - Ian H Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA1 7AY UK
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Sengmany K, Hellyer SD, Christopoulos A, Lapinsky DJ, Leach K, Gregory KJ. Differential contribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 common allosteric binding site residues to biased allosteric agonism. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:114011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Park J, Langmead CJ, Riddy DM. New Advances in Targeting the Resolution of Inflammation: Implications for Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediator GPCR Drug Discovery. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:88-106. [PMID: 32259091 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a component of numerous diseases including autoimmune, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and cancer. The discovery and characterization of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) critical to the resolution of inflammation, and their cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has led to a significant increase in the understanding of this physiological process. Approximately 20 ligands, including lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, and 6 receptors (FPR2/ALX, GPR32, GPR18, chemerin1, BLT1, and GPR37) have been identified highlighting the complex and multilayered nature of resolution. Therapeutic efforts in targeting these receptors have proved challenging, with very few ligands apparently progressing through to preclinical or clinical development. To date, some knowledge gaps remain in the understanding of how the activation of these receptors, and their downstream signaling, results in efficient resolution via apoptosis, phagocytosis, and efferocytosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (mainly neutrophils) and macrophages. SPMs bind and activate multiple receptors (ligand poly-pharmacology), while most receptors are activated by multiple ligands (receptor pleiotropy). In addition, allosteric binding sites have been identified signifying the capacity of more than one ligand to bind simultaneously. These fundamental characteristics of SPM receptors enable alternative targeting strategies to be considered, including biased signaling and allosteric modulation. This review describes those ligands and receptors involved in the resolution of inflammation, and highlights the most recent clinical trial results. Furthermore, we describe alternative mechanisms by which these SPM receptors could be targeted, paving the way for the identification of new therapeutics, perhaps with greater efficacy and fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Park
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Darren M Riddy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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11
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Dal Prà I, Armato U, Chiarini A. Family C G-Protein-Coupled Receptors in Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutic Implications. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1282. [PMID: 31719824 PMCID: PMC6826475 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), particularly its sporadic or late-onset form (SAD/LOAD), is the most prevalent (96–98% of cases) neurodegenerative dementia in aged people. AD’s neuropathology hallmarks are intrabrain accumulation of amyloid-β peptides (Aβs) and of hyperphosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) proteins, diffuse neuroinflammation, and progressive death of neurons and oligodendrocytes. Mounting evidences suggest that family C G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which include γ-aminobutyric acid B receptors (GABABRs), metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1-8), and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), are involved in many neurotransmitter systems that dysfunction in AD. This review updates the available knowledge about the roles of GPCRs, particularly but not exclusively those expressed by brain astrocytes, in SAD/LOAD onset and progression, taking stock of their respective mechanisms of action and of their potential as anti-AD therapeutic targets. In particular, GABABRs prevent Aβs synthesis and neuronal hyperexcitability and group I mGluRs play important pathogenetic roles in transgenic AD-model animals. Moreover, the specific binding of Aβs to the CaSRs of human cortical astrocytes and neurons cultured in vitro engenders a pathological signaling that crucially promotes the surplus synthesis and release of Aβs and hyperphosphorylated Tau proteins, and also of nitric oxide, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, and proinflammatory agents. Concurrently, Aβs•CaSR signaling hinders the release of soluble (s)APP-α peptide, a neurotrophic agent and GABABR1a agonist. Altogether these effects progressively kill human cortical neurons in vitro and likely also in vivo. Several CaSR’s negative allosteric modulators suppress all the noxious effects elicited by Aβs•CaSR signaling in human cortical astrocytes and neurons thus safeguarding neurons’ viability in vitro and raising hopes about their potential therapeutic benefits in AD patients. Further basic and clinical investigations on these hot topics are needed taking always heed that activation of the several brain family C GPCRs may elicit divergent upshots according to the models studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Dal Prà
- Human Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Human Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Chiarini
- Human Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Verona Medical School, Verona, Italy
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12
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Chen ANY, Hellyer SD, Trinh PNH, Leach K, Gregory KJ. Identification of monellin as the first naturally derived proteinaceous allosteric agonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 126 Suppl 6:104-115. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy N. Y. Chen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Shane D. Hellyer
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Phuc N. H. Trinh
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Karen J. Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology Monash University Parkville Victoria Australia
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13
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Sengmany K, Hellyer SD, Albold S, Wang T, Conn PJ, May LT, Christopoulos A, Leach K, Gregory KJ. Kinetic and system bias as drivers of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 allosteric modulator pharmacology. Neuropharmacology 2019; 149:83-96. [PMID: 30763654 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) have been proposed as potential therapies for various CNS disorders. These ligands bind to sites distinct from the orthosteric (or endogenous) ligand, often with improved subtype selectivity and spatio-temporal control over receptor responses. We recently revealed that mGlu5 allosteric agonists and positive allosteric modulators exhibit biased agonism and/or modulation. To establish whether negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) engender similar bias, we rigorously characterized the pharmacology of eight diverse mGlu5 NAMs. Radioligand inhibition binding studies revealed novel modes of interaction with mGlu5 for select NAMs, with biphasic or incomplete inhibition of the radiolabeled NAM, [3H]methoxy-PEPy. We assessed mGlu5-mediated intracellular Ca2+ (iCa2+) mobilization and inositol phosphate (IP1) accumulation in HEK293A cells stably expressing low levels of mGlu5 (HEK293A-rat mGlu5-low) and mouse embryonic cortical neurons. The apparent affinity of acetylenic NAMs, MPEP, MTEP and dipraglurant, was dependent on the signaling pathway measured, agonist used, and cell type (HEK293A-rat mGlu5-low versus mouse cortical neurons). In contrast, the acetylenic partial NAM, M-5MPEP, and structurally distinct NAMs (VU0366248, VU0366058, fenobam), had similar affinity estimates irrespective of the assay or cellular background. Biased modulation was evident for VU0366248 in mouse cortical neurons where it was a NAM for DHPG-mediated iCa2+ mobilization, but neutral with DHPG in IP1 accumulation assays. Overall, this study highlights the inherent complexity in mGlu5 NAM pharmacology that we hypothesize may influence interpretation when translating into preclinical models and beyond in the design and development of novel therapeutics for neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Sengmany
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Shane D Hellyer
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sabine Albold
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Taide Wang
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katie Leach
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Biased agonism and allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2323-2338. [PMID: 30389826 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptors belong to class C G-protein-coupled receptors and consist of eight subtypes that are ubiquitously expressed throughout the central nervous system. In recent years, the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) has emerged as a promising target for a broad range of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Drug discovery programs targetting mGlu5 are primarily focused on development of allosteric modulators that interact with sites distinct from the endogenous agonist glutamate. Significant efforts have seen mGlu5 allosteric modulators progress into clinical trials; however, recent failures due to lack of efficacy or adverse effects indicate a need for a better understanding of the functional consequences of mGlu5 allosteric modulation. Biased agonism is an interrelated phenomenon to allosterism, describing how different ligands acting through the same receptor can differentially influence signaling to distinct transducers and pathways. Emerging evidence demonstrates that allosteric modulators can induce biased pharmacology at the level of intrinsic agonism as well as through differential modulation of orthosteric agonist-signaling pathways. Here, we present key considerations in the discovery and development of mGlu5 allosteric modulators and the opportunities and pitfalls offered by biased agonism and modulation.
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Cieślik P, Woźniak M, Tokarski K, Kusek M, Pilc A, Płoska A, Radulska A, Pelikant-Małecka I, Żołnowska B, Sławiński J, Kalinowski L, Wierońska JM. Simultaneous activation of muscarinic and GABA B receptors as a bidirectional target for novel antipsychotics. Behav Brain Res 2018; 359:671-685. [PMID: 30267715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent preclinical studies point to muscarinic and GABAB receptors as novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of schizophrenia. This study was aimed to assess the role of muscarinic and GABAB receptor interactions in animal models of schizophrenia, using positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABAB receptor (GS39783), muscarinic M4 (VU0152100) and M5 (VU0238429) receptor, and partial allosteric agonist of M1 receptor (VU0357017). DOI-induced head twitches, social interaction and novel object recognition tests were used as the models of schizophrenia. Analyses of DOI-induced increases in sEPSCs (spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents) were performed as complementary experiments to the DOI-induced head twitch studies. Haloperidol-induced catalepsy and the rotarod test were used to examine the adverse effects of the drugs. All three activators of muscarinic receptors were active in DOI-induced head twitches. When administered together with GS39783 in subeffective doses, only the co-administration of VU0152100 and GS39783 was effective. The combination also reduced the frequency but not the amplitude of DOI-induced sEPSCs. Neither VU0357017 nor VU0238429 were active in social interaction test when given alone, and also the combination of VU0152100 and GS39783 failed to reverse MK-801-induced deficits observed in this test. All muscarinic activators when administered alone or in combination with GS39783 reversed the MK-801-induced disruption of memory in the novel object recognition test, and their actions were blocked by specific antagonists. None of the tested compounds or their combinations influenced the motor coordination of the animals. The compounds had no effect on haloperidol-induced catalepsy and did not induce catalepsy when administered alone. Pharmacokinetic analysis confirmed lack of possible drug-drug interactions after combined administration of GS39783 with VU0357017 or VU0152100; however, when the drug was co-administered with VU0238429 its ability to pass the blood-brain barrier slightly decreased, suggesting potential drug-drug interactions. Our data show that modulation of cholinergic and GABAergic systems can potentially be beneficial in the treatment of the positive and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia without inducing the adverse effects typical for presently used antipsychotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Cieślik
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Woźniak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tokarski
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kusek
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pilc
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; Health Sciences Faculty, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Biobank, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adrianna Radulska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Biobank, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Pelikant-Małecka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Biobank, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Beata Żołnowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Sławiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics - Biobank, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna M Wierońska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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16
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Berizzi AE, Bender AM, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Sexton PM, Langmead CJ, Christopoulos A. Structure-Activity Relationships of Pan-Gα q/11 Coupled Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1818-1828. [PMID: 29683647 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a large increase in the discovery of allosteric ligands targeting muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). One of the challenges in screening such compounds is to understand their mechanisms of action and define appropriate parameter estimates for affinity, cooperativity and efficacy. Herein we describe the mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships for a series of "pan-Gq-coupled" muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (mAChR) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). Using a combination of radioligand binding, functional inositol phosphate accumulation assays, receptor alkylation and operational data analysis, we show that most compounds in the series derive their variable potency and selectivity from differential cooperativity at the M1, M3 and M5 mAChRs. None of the PAMs showed greater than 10-fold subtype selectivity for the agonist-free receptor, but VU6007705, VU6007678, and VU6008555 displayed markedly increased cooperativity compared to the parent molecule and M5 mAChR-preferring PAM, ML380 (αβ > 100), in the presence of ACh. Most of the activity of these PAMs derives from their ability to potentiate ACh binding affinity at mAChRs, though VU6007678 was notable for also potentiating ACh signaling efficacy and robust allosteric agonist activity. These data provide key insights for the future design of more potent and subtype-selective mAChR PAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. Berizzi
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Aaron M. Bender
- Departments of Pharmacology & Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Departments of Pharmacology & Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Departments of Pharmacology & Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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