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Karalis T, Poulogiannis G. The Emerging Role of LPA as an Oncometabolite. Cells 2024; 13:629. [PMID: 38607068 PMCID: PMC11011573 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid that displays potent signalling activities that are regulated in both an autocrine and paracrine manner. It can be found both extra- and intracellularly, where it interacts with different receptors to activate signalling pathways that regulate a plethora of cellular processes, including mitosis, proliferation and migration. LPA metabolism is complex, and its biosynthesis and catabolism are under tight control to ensure proper LPA levels in the body. In cancer patient specimens, LPA levels are frequently higher compared to those of healthy individuals and often correlate with poor responses and more aggressive disease. Accordingly, LPA, through promoting cancer cell migration and invasion, enhances the metastasis and dissemination of tumour cells. In this review, we summarise the role of LPA in the regulation of critical aspects of tumour biology and further discuss the available pre-clinical and clinical evidence regarding the feasibility and efficacy of targeting LPA metabolism for effective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Poulogiannis
- Signalling and Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK;
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2
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Volkmann ER, Denton CP, Kolb M, Wijsenbeek-Lourens MS, Emson C, Hudson K, Amatucci AJ, Distler O, Allanore Y, Khanna D. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 inhibition: a potential treatment target for pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:240015. [PMID: 39009409 PMCID: PMC11262619 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0015-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-mediated activation of LPA receptor 1 (LPAR1) contributes to the pathophysiology of fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). These diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality despite current treatment options. The LPA-producing enzyme autotaxin (ATX) and LPAR1 activation contribute to inflammation and mechanisms underlying fibrosis in preclinical fibrotic models. Additionally, elevated levels of LPA have been detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with IPF and in serum from patients with SSc. Thus, ATX and LPAR1 have gained considerable interest as pharmaceutical targets to combat fibrotic disease and inhibitors of these targets have been investigated in clinical trials for IPF and SSc. The goals of this review are to summarise the current literature on ATX and LPAR1 signalling in pulmonary fibrosis and to help differentiate the novel inhibitors in development. The mechanisms of action of ATX and LPAR1 inhibitors are described and preclinical studies and clinical trials of these agents are outlined. Because of their contribution to numerous physiologic events underlying fibrotic disease, ATX and LPAR1 inhibition presents a promising therapeutic strategy for IPF, SSc and other fibrotic diseases that may fulfil unmet needs of the current standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Volkmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Martin Kolb
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Claire Emson
- Translational Medicine, Horizon Therapeutics (now Amgen, Inc.), Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Krischan Hudson
- Clinical Development, Horizon Therapeutics (now Amgen, Inc.), Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Anthony J Amatucci
- Global Medical Affairs, Horizon Therapeutics (now Amgen, Inc), Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Allanore
- Rheumatology Department, Cochin Hospital APHP, INSERM U1016, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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3
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Olianas MC, Dedoni S, Onali P. Differential targeting of lysophosphatidic acid LPA 1, LPA 2, and LPA 3 receptor signalling by tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176064. [PMID: 37758013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that in different cell types antidepressant drugs activate lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) LPA1 receptor to induce proliferative and prosurvival responses. Here, we further characterize this unique action of antidepressants by examining their effects on two additional LPA receptor family members, LPA2 and LPA3. Human LPA1-3 receptors were stably expressed in HEK-293 cells (HEK-LPA1, -LPA2 and -LPA3 cells) and their functional activity was determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence. LPA effectively stimulated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in HEK-LPA1, -LPA2, and -LPA3 cells. The tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline, clomipramine, imipramine and desipramine increased phospho-ERK1/2 levels in HEK-LPA1 and -LPA3 cells but were relatively poor agonists in LPA2-expressing cells. The tetracyclic antidepressants mianserin and mirtazapine were active at all three LPA receptors. When combined with LPA, both amitriptyline and mianserin potentiated Gi/o-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 induced by LPA in HEK-LPA1, -LPA2 and -LPA3 cells, CHO-K1 fibroblasts and HT22 hippocampal neuroblasts. This potentiation was associated with enhanced phosphorylation of CREB and S6 ribosomal protein, two molecular targets of activated ERK1/2. The antidepressants also potentiated LPA-induced Gq/11-mediated phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase in HEK-LPA1 and -LPA3 cells. Conversely, amitriptyline and mianserin were found to inhibit LPA-induced Rho activation in HEK-LPA1 and LPA2 cells. These results indicate that tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants can act on LPA1, LPA2 and LPA3 receptor subtypes and exert differential effects on LPA signalling through these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Olianas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, (CA), Italy
| | - Simona Dedoni
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, (CA), Italy
| | - Pierluigi Onali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Section of Neurosciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042, Monserrato, (CA), Italy.
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4
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Jiang S, Yang H, Li M. Emerging Roles of Lysophosphatidic Acid in Macrophages and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12524. [PMID: 37569902 PMCID: PMC10419859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that regulates physiological and pathological processes in numerous cell biological functions, including cell migration, apoptosis, and proliferation. Macrophages are found in most human tissues and have multiple physiological and pathological functions. There is growing evidence that LPA signaling plays a significant role in the physiological function of macrophages and accelerates the development of diseases caused by macrophage dysfunction and inflammation, such as inflammation-related diseases, cancer, atherosclerosis, and fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the roles of LPA in macrophages, analyze numerous macrophage- and inflammation-associated diseases triggered by LPA, and discuss LPA-targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufan Jiang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China;
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huili Yang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China;
| | - Mingqing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China;
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
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5
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Hwang SH, Kim HG, Lee M. Paradoxical downregulation of LPAR3 exerts tumor-promoting activity through autophagy induction in Ras-transformed cells. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:969. [PMID: 36088312 PMCID: PMC9463806 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 (LPAR3) is coupled to Gαi/o and Gα11/q signaling. Previously, we reported that LPAR3 is highly methylated in carcinogen-induced transformed cells. Here, we demonstrate that LPAR3 exhibits malignant transforming activities, despite being downregulated in transformed cells. Methods The LPAR3 knockout (KO) in NIH 3 T3 and Bhas 42 cells was established using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Both RT-PCR and DNA sequencing were performed to confirm the KO of LPAR3. The cellular effects of LPAR3 KO were further examined by WST-1 assay, immunoblotting analysis, transwell migration assay, colony formation assay, wound scratch assday, in vitro cell transformation assay, and autophagy assay. Results In v-H-ras-transformed cells (Ras-NIH 3 T3) with LPAR3 downregulation, ectopic expression of LPAR3 significantly enhanced the migration. In particular, LPAR3 knockout (KO) in Bhas 42 (v-Ha-ras transfected Balb/c 3 T3) and NIH 3 T3 cells caused a decrease in cell survival, transformed foci, and colony formation. LPAR3 KO led to the robust accumulation of LC3-II and autophagosomes and inhibition of autophagic flux by disrupting autophagosome fusion with lysosome. Conversely, autolysosome maturation proceeded normally in Ras-NIH 3 T3 cells upon LPAR3 downregulation. Basal phosphorylation of MEK and ERK markedly increased in Ras-NIH 3 T3 cells, whereas being significantly lower in LPAR3 KO cells, suggesting that increased MEK signaling is involved in autophagosome–lysosome fusion in Ras-NIH 3 T3 cells. Conclusions Paradoxical downregulation of LPAR3 exerts cooperative tumor-promoting activity with MEK activation through autophagy induction in Ras-transformed cells. Our findings have implications for the development of cancer chemotherapeutic approaches. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10053-0.
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Effects of lysophosphatidic acid on sling and clasp fibers of the human lower esophageal sphincter. TURKISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2022; 30:404-409. [PMID: 36303683 PMCID: PMC9580277 DOI: 10.5606/tgkdc.dergisi.2022.22084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background
This study aims to explore the role of lysophosphatidic acid receptors in the regulation mechanisms of contraction and relaxation of human lower esophageal sphincter.
Methods
Between July 2015 and March 2016, muscle strips were collected from a total of 30 patients (19 males, 11 females; mean age: 62±9.9 years; range, 52 to 68 years) who underwent an esophagectomy for mid-third esophageal carcinomas. The specimens were maintained in oxygenated Krebs solution. Muscle tension measurement technique in vitro was used to examine the effects of non-selective lysophosphatidic acid receptors agonists and antagonists, as well as selective lysophosphatidic acid receptors agonists on the clasp and sling fibers of human lower esophageal sphincter.
Results
The non-selective dopamine receptor agonist lysophosphatidic acid induced the contraction of the clasp and sling fibers of the human lower esophageal sphincter. The response induced by nonselective lysophosphatidic acid receptor agonist was inhibited completely by non-selective lysophosphatidic acid receptor antagonist. The selective lysophosphatidic acid 1 and 2 receptor agonist and the selective lysophosphatidic acid 3 receptor agonist induced a concentration-dependent contractile response of the clasp and sling fibers of the human lower esophageal sphincter. There was no significant difference in contraction rates between the clasp and sling fibers (p>0.05).
Conclusion
This study indicates that lysophosphatidic acid regulates the lower esophageal sphincter is through its receptor; the lysophosphatidic acid receptors may be involved in the contractile response of the human lower esophageal sphincter.
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Pei S, Xu C, Pei J, Bai R, Peng R, Li T, Zhang J, Cong X, Chun J, Wang F, Chen X. Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor 3 Suppress Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Production and Thrombosis During Sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844781. [PMID: 35464399 PMCID: PMC9021375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis consists of life-threatening organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated response to infection. Recent studies have found that excessive neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to the pathogenesis of sepsis, thereby increasing morbidity and mortality. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small glycerophospholipid molecule that exerts multiple functions by binding to its receptors. Although LPA has been functionally identified to induce NETs, whether and how LPA receptors, especially lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 (LPA3), play a role in the development of sepsis has never been explored. A comprehensive understanding of the impact of LPA3 on sepsis is essential for the development of medical therapy. After intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Lpar3 -/-mice showed a substantially higher mortality, more severe injury, and more fibrinogen content in the lungs than wild-type (WT) mice. The values of blood coagulation markers, plasma prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen (FIB), indicated that the Lpar3 -/- mice underwent a severe coagulation process, which resulted in increased thrombosis. The levels of NETs in Lpar3 -/- mice were higher than those in WT mice after LPS injection. The mortality rate and degree of lung damage in Lpar3 -/- mice with sepsis were significantly reduced after the destruction of NETs by DNaseI treatment. Furthermore, in vitro experiments with co-cultured monocytes and neutrophils demonstrated that monocytes from Lpar3 -/- mice promoted the formation of NETs, suggesting that LPA3 acting on monocytes inhibits the formation of NETs and plays a protective role in sepsis. Mechanistically, we found that the amount of CD14, an LPS co-receptor, expressed by monocytes in Lpar3 -/-mice was significantly elevated after LPS administration, and the MyD88-p65-NFκB signaling axis, downstream of toll-like receptor 4 signaling, in monocytes was overactivated. Finally, after an injection of the LPA3 agonist (2S)-1-oleoyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphothionate (OMPT), the survival rate of mice with sepsis was improved, organ damage was reduced, and the production of NETs was decreased. This suggested the possible translational value and application prospects of (2S)-OMPT in the treatment of sepsis. Our study confirms an important protective role of LPA3 in curbing the development of sepsis by suppressing NETs production and thrombosis and provides new ideas for sepsis treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuansheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianqiu Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruifeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tiewei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfeng Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jerold Chun
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Diagnostic Laboratory Service, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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Uenaka M, Uyeda A, Nakahara T, Muramatsu R. LPA 2 promotes neuronal differentiation and neurite formation in neocortical development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 598:89-94. [PMID: 35151977 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid that activates the G protein-coupled receptors, LPA1-6, which are associated with a wide number of cellular responses including proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. Although LPA1-6 are expressed in the developing brain, their functions in brain development are not fully understood. In the present study, we analyzed the temporal expression pattern of LPA receptors (LPARs) during neocortical development and found that LPA2 is highly expressed in neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) in the embryonic neocortex. LPA2 activation on cultured NS/PCs using GRI977143, a selective LPA2 agonist, promoted neuronal differentiation. LPA2-induced neuronal expansion was inhibited by FR180204, an extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) inhibitor, suggesting that LPA2 promotes neuronal differentiation via Erk1/2 signaling. In addition, LPA2 activation promotes neurite elongation and branch formation. These results suggest that LPA2 is a critical regulator of neuronal differentiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Uenaka
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Akiko Uyeda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakahara
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan
| | - Rieko Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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9
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Mehta YR, Lewis SA, Leo KT, Chen L, Park E, Raghuram V, Chou CL, Yang CR, Kikuchi H, Khundmiri S, Poll BG, Knepper MA. "ADPKD-omics": determinants of cyclic AMP levels in renal epithelial cells. Kidney Int 2022; 101:47-62. [PMID: 34757121 PMCID: PMC10671900 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in kidney epithelial cells is important in at least 2 groups of disorders, namely water balance disorders and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Focusing on the latter, we review genes that code for proteins that are determinants of cAMP levels in cells. We identify which of these determinants are expressed in the 14 kidney tubule segments using recently published RNA-sequencing and protein mass spectrometry data ("autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease-omics"). This includes G protein-coupled receptors, adenylyl cyclases, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, cAMP transporters, cAMP-binding proteins, regulator of G protein-signaling proteins, G protein-coupled receptor kinases, arrestins, calcium transporters, and calcium-binding proteins. In addition, compartmentalized cAMP signaling in the primary cilium is discussed, and a specialized database of the proteome of the primary cilium of cultured "IMCD3" cells is provided as an online resource (https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/Databases/CiliumProteome/). Overall, this article provides a general resource in the form of a curated list of proteins likely to play roles in determination of cAMP levels in kidney epithelial cells and, therefore, likely to be determinants of progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash R Mehta
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Spencer A Lewis
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirby T Leo
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Euijung Park
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hiroaki Kikuchi
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Syed Khundmiri
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian G Poll
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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10
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Birgbauer E. Lysophosphatidic Acid Signalling in Nervous System Development and Function. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:68-85. [PMID: 33151452 PMCID: PMC11420905 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
One class of molecules that are now coming to be recognized as essential for our understanding of the nervous system are the lysophospholipids. One of the major signaling lysophospholipids is lysophosphatidic acid, also known as LPA. LPA activates a variety of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) leading to a multitude of physiological responses. In this review, I describe our current understanding of the role of LPA and LPA receptor signaling in the development and function of the nervous system, especially the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, I highlight how aberrant LPA receptor signaling may underlie neuropathological conditions, with important clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Birgbauer
- Department of Biology, Winthrop University, Rock Hill, SC, USA.
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11
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Thibeault PE, Ramachandran R. Biased signaling in platelet G-protein coupled receptors. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:255-269. [PMID: 32846106 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are small megakaryocyte-derived, anucleate, disk-like structures that play an outsized role in human health and disease. Both a decrease in the number of platelets and a variety of platelet function disorders result in petechiae or bleeding that can be life threatening. Conversely, the inappropriate activation of platelets, within diseased blood vessels, remains the leading cause of death and morbidity by affecting heart attacks and stroke. The fine balance of the platelet state in healthy individuals is controlled by a number of receptor-mediated signaling pathways that allow the platelet to rapidly respond and maintain haemostasis. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are particularly important regulators of platelet function. Here we focus on the major platelet-expressed GPCRs and discuss the roles of downstream signaling pathways (e.g., different G-protein subtypes or β-arrestin) in regulating the different phases of the platelet activation. Further, we consider the potential for selectively targeting signaling pathways that may contribute to platelet responses in disease through development of biased agonists. Such selective targeting of GPCR-mediated signaling pathways by drugs, often referred to as biased signaling, holds promise in delivering therapeutic interventions that do not present significant side effects, especially in finely balanced physiological systems such as platelet activation in haemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre E Thibeault
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada
| | - Rithwik Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A5C1, Canada
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12
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Lee D, Kim YH, Kim JH. The Role of Lysophosphatidic Acid in Adult Stem Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:182-191. [PMID: 32587135 PMCID: PMC7378901 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc20035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated multipotent precursor cells that are capable both of perpetuating themselves as stem cells (self-renewal) and of undergoing differentiation into one or more specialized types of cells. And these stem cells have been reported to reside within distinct anatomic locations termed “niches”. The long-term goals of stem cell biology range from an understanding of cell-lineage determination and tissue organization to cellular therapeutics for degenerative diseases. Stem cells maintain tissue function throughout an organism’s lifespan by replacing differentiated cells. To perform this function, stem cells provide a unique combination of multilineage developmental potential and the capacity to undergo self-renewing divisions. The loss of self-renewal capacity in stem cells underlies certain degenerative diseases and the aging process. This self-renewal regulation must balance the regenerative needs of tissues that persist throughout life. Recent evidence suggests lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of a variety of stem cells. In this review, we summarize the evidence linking between LPA and stem cell regulation. The LPA-induced signaling pathway regulates the proliferation and survival of stem cells and progenitors, and thus are likely to play a role in the maintenance of stem cell population in the body. This lipid mediator regulatory system can be a novel potential therapeutics for stem cell maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
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13
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Wu XN, Ma YY, Hao ZC, Wang H. [Research progress on the biological regulatory function of lysophosphatidic acid in bone tissue cells]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:324-329. [PMID: 32573143 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small phospholipid that is present in all eukaryotic tissues and blood plasma. As an extracellular signaling molecule, LPA mediates many cellular functions by binding to six known G protein-coupled receptors and activating their downstream signaling pathways. These functions indicate that LPA may play important roles in many biological processes that include organismal development, wound healing, and carcinogenesis. Recently, many studies have found that LPA has various biological effects in different kinds of bone cells. These findings suggest that LPA is a potent regulator of bone development and remodeling and holds promising application potential in bone tissue engineering. Here, we review the recent progress on the biological regulatory function of LPA in bone tissue cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ma
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Hao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510055, China
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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14
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Lin KH, Chiang JC, Ho YH, Yao CL, Lee H. Lysophosphatidic Acid and Hematopoiesis: From Microenvironmental Effects to Intracellular Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062015. [PMID: 32188052 PMCID: PMC7139687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate hematopoiesis is a complex physiological process that is tightly regulated by intracellular signaling and extracellular microenvironment. In recent decades, breakthroughs in lineage-tracing technologies and lipidomics have revealed the existence of numerous lipid molecules in hematopoietic microenvironment. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a bioactive phospholipid molecule, is one of the identified lipids that participates in hematopoiesis. LPA exhibits various physiological functions through activation of G-protein-coupled receptors. The functions of these LPARs have been widely studied in stem cells, while the roles of LPARs in hematopoietic stem cells have rarely been examined. Nonetheless, mounting evidence supports the importance of the LPA-LPAR axis in hematopoiesis. In this article, we have reviewed regulation of hematopoiesis in general and focused on the microenvironmental and intracellular effects of the LPA in hematopoiesis. Discoveries in these areas may be beneficial to our understanding of blood-related disorders, especially in the context of prevention and therapy for anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (J.-C.C.)
| | - Jui-Chung Chiang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (J.-C.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ya-Hsuan Ho
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK;
| | - Chao-Ling Yao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 32003, Taiwan;
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (J.-C.C.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Angiogenesis Research Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +8862-3366-2499; Fax: +8862-2363-6837
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15
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Xiang H, Lu Y, Shao M, Wu T. Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors: Biochemical and Clinical Implications in Different Diseases. J Cancer 2020; 11:3519-3535. [PMID: 32284748 PMCID: PMC7150451 DOI: 10.7150/jca.41841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, 1-acyl-2-hemolytic-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate) extracted from membrane phospholipid is a kind of simple bioactive glycophospholipid, which has many biological functions such as stimulating cell multiplication, cytoskeleton recombination, cell survival, drug-fast, synthesis of DNA and ion transport. Current studies have shown that six G-coupled protein receptors (LPAR1-6) can be activated by LPA. They stimulate a variety of signal transduction pathways through heterotrimeric G-proteins (such as Gα12/13, Gαq/11, Gαi/o and GαS). LPA and its receptors play vital roles in cancers, nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, liver diseases, metabolic diseases, etc. In this article, we discussed the structure of LPA receptors and elucidated their functions in various diseases, in order to better understand them and point out new therapeutic schemes for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Xiang
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yifei Lu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingmei Shao
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Center of Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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16
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Peyruchaud O, Saier L, Leblanc R. Autotaxin Implication in Cancer Metastasis and Autoimunne Disorders: Functional Implication of Binding Autotaxin to the Cell Surface. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010105. [PMID: 31906151 PMCID: PMC7016970 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is an exoenzyme which, due to its unique lysophospholipase D activity, is responsible for the synthesis of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). ATX activity is responsible for the concentration of LPA in the blood. ATX expression is increased in various types of cancers, including breast cancer, where it promotes metastasis. The expression of ATX is also remarkably increased under inflammatory conditions, particularly in the osteoarticular compartment, where it controls bone erosion. Biological actions of ATX are mediated by LPA. However, the phosphate head group of LPA is highly sensitive to degradation by the action of lipid phosphate phosphatases, resulting in LPA inactivation. This suggests that for efficient action, LPA requires protection, which is potentially achieved through docking to a carrier protein. Interestingly, recent reports suggest that ATX might act as a docking molecule for LPA and also support the concept that binding of ATX to the cell surface through its interaction with adhesive molecules (integrins, heparan sulfate proteoglycans) could facilitate a rapid route of delivering active LPA to its cell surface receptors. This new mechanism offers a new vision of how ATX/LPA works in cancer metastasis and inflammatory bone diseases, paving the way for new therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Peyruchaud
- INSERM, Unit 1033, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69372 Lyon, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +3-34-78-77-86-72
| | - Lou Saier
- INSERM, Unit 1033, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Raphaël Leblanc
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Poli-Calmettes, INSERM, Unit 1068, University Aix/Marseille, 13009 Marseille, France;
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Hisano Y, Kono M, Cartier A, Engelbrecht E, Kano K, Kawakami K, Xiong Y, Piao W, Galvani S, Yanagida K, Kuo A, Ono Y, Ishida S, Aoki J, Proia RL, Bromberg JS, Inoue A, Hla T. Lysolipid receptor cross-talk regulates lymphatic endothelial junctions in lymph nodes. J Exp Med 2019; 216:1582-1598. [PMID: 31147448 PMCID: PMC6605750 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) activate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to regulate biological processes. Using a genome-wide CRISPR/dCas9-based GPCR signaling screen, LPAR1 was identified as an inducer of S1PR1/β-arrestin coupling while suppressing Gαi signaling. S1pr1 and Lpar1-positive lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) of lymph nodes exhibit constitutive S1PR1/β-arrestin signaling, which was suppressed by LPAR1 antagonism. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic loss of function of Lpar1 reduced the frequency of punctate junctions at sinus-lining LECs. Ligand activation of transfected LPAR1 in endothelial cells remodeled junctions from continuous to punctate structures and increased transendothelial permeability. In addition, LPAR1 antagonism in mice increased lymph node retention of adoptively transferred lymphocytes. These data suggest that cross-talk between LPAR1 and S1PR1 promotes the porous junctional architecture of sinus-lining LECs, which enables efficient lymphocyte trafficking. Heterotypic inter-GPCR coupling may regulate complex cellular phenotypes in physiological milieu containing many GPCR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hisano
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mari Kono
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Andreane Cartier
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Eric Engelbrecht
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kouki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yanbao Xiong
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Wenji Piao
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sylvain Galvani
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Keisuke Yanagida
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andrew Kuo
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yuki Ono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Richard L Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jonathan S Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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18
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Lee JH, Kim D, Oh YS, Jun HS. Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112850. [PMID: 31212704 PMCID: PMC6600156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid present in most tissues and body fluids. LPA acts through specific LPA receptors (LPAR1 to LPAR6) coupled with G protein. LPA binds to receptors and activates multiple cellular signaling pathways, subsequently exerting various biological functions, such as cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. LPA also induces cell damage through complex overlapping pathways, including the generation of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines, and fibrosis. Several reports indicate that the LPA–LPAR axis plays an important role in various diseases, including kidney disease, lung fibrosis, and cancer. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common diabetic complications and the main risk factor for chronic kidney diseases, which mostly progress to end-stage renal disease. There is also growing evidence indicating that the LPA–LPAR axis also plays an important role in inducing pathological alterations of cell structure and function in the kidneys. In this review, we will discuss key mediators or signaling pathways activated by LPA and summarize recent research findings associated with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Han Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Donghee Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Yoon Sin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea.
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Incheon 21565, Korea.
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19
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Franier BDL, Thompson M. Early stage detection and screening of ovarian cancer: A research opportunity and significant challenge for biosensor technology. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 135:71-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Roza C, Campos-Sandoval JA, Gómez-García MC, Peñalver A, Márquez J. Lysophosphatidic Acid and Glutamatergic Transmission. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:138. [PMID: 31191247 PMCID: PMC6546900 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through bioactive lipids regulates nervous system development and functions. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a membrane-derived lipid mediator particularly enriched in brain, is able to induce many responses in neurons and glial cells by affecting key processes like synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, differentiation and proliferation. Early studies noted sustained elevations of neuronal intracellular calcium, a primary response to LPA exposure, suggesting functional modifications of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. However, the crosstalk between LPA signaling and glutamatergic transmission has only recently been shown. For example, stimulation of presynaptic LPA receptors in hippocampal neurons regulates glutamate release from the presynaptic terminal, and excess of LPA induce seizures. Further evidence indicating a role of LPA in the modulation of neuronal transmission has been inferred from animal models with deficits on LPA receptors, mainly LPA1 which is the most prevalent receptor in human and mouse brain tissue. LPA1 null-mice exhibit cognitive and attention deficits characteristic of schizophrenia which are related with altered glutamatergic transmission and reduced neuropathic pain. Furthermore, silencing of LPA1 receptor in mice induced a severe down-regulation of the main glutaminase isoform (GLS) in cerebral cortex and hippocampus, along with a parallel sharp decrease on active matrix-metalloproteinase 9. The downregulation of both enzymes correlated with an altered morphology of glutamatergic pyramidal cells dendritic spines towards a less mature phenotype, indicating important implications of LPA in synaptic excitatory plasticity which may contribute to the cognitive and memory deficits shown by LPA1-deficient mice. In this review, we present an updated account of current evidence pointing to important implications of LPA in the modulation of synaptic excitatory transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Roza
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Edificio de Medicina Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - José A Campos-Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - María C Gómez-García
- Laboratorio de Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Peñalver
- Laboratorio de Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Márquez
- Laboratorio de Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
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21
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Suckau O, Gross I, Schrötter S, Yang F, Luo J, Wree A, Chun J, Baska D, Baumgart J, Kano K, Aoki J, Bräuer AU. LPA 1 , LPA 2 , LPA 4 , and LPA 6 receptor expression during mouse brain development. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:375-395. [PMID: 30847983 PMCID: PMC6593976 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LPA is a small bioactive phospholipid that acts as an extracellular signaling molecule and is involved in cellular processes, including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. LPA acts by binding and activating at least six known G protein–coupled receptors: LPA1–6. In recent years, LPA has been suggested to play an important role both in normal neuronal development and under pathological conditions in the nervous system. Results We show the expression pattern of LPA receptors during mouse brain development by using qRT‐PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunocytochemistry. Only LPA1, LPA2,LPA4, and LPA6 mRNA transcripts were detected throughout development stages from embryonic day 16 until postnatal day 30 of hippocampus, neocortex, cerebellum, and bulbus olfactorius in our experiments, while expression of LPA3 and LPA5 genes was below detection level. In addition to our qRT‐PCR results, we also analyzed the cellular protein expression of endogenous LPA receptors, with focus on LPA1 and LPA2 within postnatal brain slices and primary neuron differentiation with and without cytoskeleton stabilization and destabilization. Conclusions The expression of LPA receptors changes depends on the developmental stage in mouse brain and in cultured hippocampal primary neurons. Interestingly, we found that commercially available antibodies for LPA receptors are largely unspecific. LPA1, ‐2, ‐4, and ‐6 genes are dynamically expressed during postnatal brain development. LPA1, ‐2, ‐4, and ‐6 genes are differently expressed in the hippocampus, neocortex, cerebellum, and bulbus olfactorius. LPA1 and ‐2 gene expression alters during neuronal differentiation. LPA1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, and ‐6 genes are expressed in glia cells, but differed in gene expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Suckau
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabel Gross
- Institute of Anatomy, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Schrötter
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fan Yang
- Albrecht Kossel Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jiankai Luo
- Albrecht Kossel Institute for Neuroregeneration, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Wree
- Institute of Anatomy, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - David Baska
- Translational Animal Research Center, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jan Baumgart
- Translational Animal Research Center, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anja U Bräuer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Universitätsmedizin Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Research Group Anatomy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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22
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Genc GE, Hipolito VEB, Botelho RJ, Gumuslu S. Lysophosphatidic acid represses autophagy in prostate carcinoma cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 97:387-396. [PMID: 30403494 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small signaling phospholipid that mediates diverse functions including cell proliferation, migration, and survival by engaging LPA-agonized G-protein coupled receptors. Autophagy is a survival mechanism in response to nutrient depletion or organellar damage that encloses idle or damaged organelles within autophagosomes that are then delivered to lysosomes for degradation. However, the relationship between LPA and autophagy is largely unknown. The purpose of this study is to elucidate whether LPA affects autophagy through the ERK1/2 and (or) the Akt-mTOR signaling pathways. In this study, we investigated the effect of LPA on autophagy-regulating pathways in various prostate-derived cancer cells including PC3, LNCaP, and Du145 cells grown in complete medium and exposed to serum-free medium. Using Western blotting and ELISA, we determined that LPA stimulates the ERK and mTOR pathways in complete and serum-free medium. The mTOR pathway led to phosphorylation of S6K and ULK, which respectively stimulates protein synthesis and arrests autophagy. Consistent with this, LPA exposure suppressed autophagy as measured by LC3 maturation and formation of GFP-LC3 puncta. Altogether, these results suggest that LPA suffices to activate mTORC1 and suppress autophagy in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem E Genc
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | - Victoria E B Hipolito
- b Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Roberto J Botelho
- b Department of Chemistry and Biology and the Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Saadet Gumuslu
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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23
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Byrnes CC, Jia W, Alshamrani AA, Kuppa SS, Murph MM. miR-122-5p Expression and Secretion in Melanoma Cells Is Amplified by the LPAR3 SH3–Binding Domain to Regulate Wnt1. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 17:299-309. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Tigyi GJ, Yue J, Norman DD, Szabo E, Balogh A, Balazs L, Zhao G, Lee SC. Regulation of tumor cell - Microenvironment interaction by the autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid receptor axis. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 71:183-193. [PMID: 30243984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in biological fluids is primarily produced by cleavage of lysophospholipids by the lysophospholipase D enzyme Autotaxin (ATX). LPA has been identified and abundantly detected in the culture medium of various cancer cell types, tumor effusates, and ascites fluid of cancer patients. Our current understanding of the physiological role of LPA established its role in fundamental biological responses that include cell proliferation, metabolism, neuronal differentiation, angiogenesis, cell migration, hematopoiesis, inflammation, immunity, wound healing, regulation of cell excitability, and the promotion of cell survival by protecting against apoptotic death. These essential biological responses elicited by LPA are seemingly hijacked by cancer cells in many ways; transcriptional upregulation of ATX leading to increased LPA levels, enhanced expression of multiple LPA GPCR subtypes, and the downregulation of its metabolic breakdown. Recent studies have shown that overexpression of ATX and LPA GPCR can lead to malignant transformation, enhanced proliferation of cancer stem cells, increased invasion and metastasis, reprogramming of the tumor microenvironment and the metastatic niche, and development of resistance to chemo-, immuno-, and radiation-therapy of cancer. The fundamental role of LPA in cancer progression and the therapeutic inhibition of the ATX-LPA axis, although highly appealing, remains unexploited as drug development to these targets has not reached into the clinic yet. The purpose of this brief review is to highlight some unique signaling mechanisms engaged by the ATX-LPA axis and emphasize the therapeutic potential that lies in blocking the molecular targets of the LPA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor J Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA; Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, POB 2, H-1428, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Derek D Norman
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Erzsebet Szabo
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA; Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, POB 2, H-1428, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Louisa Balazs
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Guannan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Sue Chin Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
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Autotaxin-Lysophosphatidic Acid: From Inflammation to Cancer Development. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:9173090. [PMID: 29430083 PMCID: PMC5753009 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9173090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a ubiquitous lysophospholipid and one of the main membrane-derived lipid signaling molecules. LPA acts as an autocrine/paracrine messenger through at least six G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), known as LPA1–6, to induce various cellular processes including wound healing, differentiation, proliferation, migration, and survival. LPA receptors and autotaxin (ATX), a secreted phosphodiesterase that produces this phospholipid, are overexpressed in many cancers and impact several features of the disease, including cancer-related inflammation, development, and progression. Many ongoing studies aim to understand ATX-LPA axis signaling in cancer and its potential as a therapeutic target. In this review, we discuss the evidence linking LPA signaling to cancer-related inflammation and its impact on cancer progression.
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Hui W, Zhao C, Bourgoin SG. Differential Effects of Inhibitor Combinations on Lysophosphatidic Acid-Mediated Chemokine Secretion in Unprimed and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-Primed Synovial Fibroblasts. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:848. [PMID: 29209219 PMCID: PMC5702485 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a pleiotropic bioactive lysophospholipid involved in inflammatory mediator synthesis. Signaling through p38MAPK, ERK, Rho kinase, and MSK-CREB contributes to LPA-mediated IL-8 production in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The study was undertaken to investigate how LPA activates MSKs and how signaling crosstalk between TNFα and LPA contributes to the super-production of cytokines/chemokines. RAFLS pretreated or not with TNFα were stimulated with LPA. Immunoblotting with phospho-antibodies monitored MSK activation. Cytokine/chemokine production was measured using ELISA and multiplex immunoassays. LPA induced MSK activation by signaling through ERK whereas p38MAPK, Rho kinase, NF-κB or PI3K contribute to IL-8 synthesis mainly via MSK-independent pathways. Priming with TNFα enhanced LPA-mediated MSK phosphorylation and cytokine/chemokine production. After priming with TNFα, inhibition of ERK or MSK failed to attenuate LPA-mediated IL-8 synthesis even if the MSK-CREB signaling axis was completely or partially inhibited. In TNFα-primed cells, inhibition of LPA-mediated cytokine/chemokine synthesis required a specific combination of inhibitors such as p38MAPK and ERK for IL-8 and IL-6, and Rho kinase and NF-κB for MCP-1. The ability of the signaling inhibitors to block LPA induced cytokine/chemokine synthesis is dependent on the inflammatory cytokinic environment. In TNFα-primed RAFLS the super-production of IL-8 and IL-6 induced by LPA occurs mainly via MSK-independent pathways, and simultaneous inhibition of at least two MAPK signaling pathways was required to block their synthesis. Since simultaneous inhibition of both the p38MAPK and ERK-MSK-CREB pathways are required to significantly reduce LPA-mediated IL-8 and IL-6 production in TNFα-preconditioned RAFLS, drug combinations targeting these two pathways are potential new strategies to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Hui
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Chenqi Zhao
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain G Bourgoin
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunity, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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27
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Sadam A, Parida S, Padol AR, Verma AD, Baba NA, Khuman WM, Srivastava V, Panigrahi M, Singh TU, Sarkar SN. Study of lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs) in buffalo uterus demonstrated upregulation of LPAR1 and LPAR6 in early pregnancy. Theriogenology 2017; 99:90-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Quan M, Cui JJ, Feng X, Huang Q. The critical role and potential target of the autotaxin/lysophosphatidate axis in pancreatic cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317694544. [PMID: 28347252 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317694544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin, an ecto-lysophospholipase D encoded by the human ENNP2 gene, is expressed in multiple tissues, and participates in numerous critical physiologic and pathologic processes including inflammation, pain, obesity, embryo development, and cancer via the generation of the bioactive lipid lysophosphatidate. Overwhelming evidences indicate that the autotaxin/lysophosphatidate signaling axis serves key roles in the numerous processes central to tumorigenesis and progression, including proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, metastasis, cancer stem cell, tumor microenvironment, and treatment resistance by interacting with a series of at least six G-protein-coupled receptors (LPAR1-6). This review provides an overview of the autotaxin/lysophosphatidate axis and collates current knowledge regarding its specific role in pancreatic cancer. With a deeper understanding of the critical role of the autotaxin/lysophosphatidate axis in pancreatic cancer, targeting autotaxin or lysophosphatidate receptor may be a potential and promising strategy for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Quan
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jiu-Jie Cui
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qian Huang
- Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Ishii S, Tsujiuchi T, Fukushima N. Functional characterization of lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 mutants identified in rat cancer tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:767-773. [PMID: 28342860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an extracellular lipid mediator, exerts various cellular effects through activation of LPA receptors, LPA1-LPA6, in many types of cells including cancer cells. We recently found several missense mutations of Lpar1 in rat cancer tissues. One of these mutations is located at the extracellular tip of the seventh transmembrane domain of LPA1, and another three mutations are found within the NPXXY motif in the seventh transmembrane domain. These mutants are designated F295S LPA1 and P308S, I310T, and Y311H LPA1, respectively. Here, we examined the functions of these LPA1 mutants. Compared with wild-type (WT) LPA1, F295S, P308S, and I310T LPA1 showed decreased maximal responses in inhibition of cAMP formation, Ca2+ mobilization, and cytoskeletal changes. Y311H LPA1 failed to show LPA-induced cellular responses. However, these LPA1 mutants were internalized in response to LPA exposure. Finally, while WT and F295S LPA1 showed a similar, broad distribution throughout the cell, P308S, I310T, and Y311H LPA1 displayed a restricted cellular distribution and co-localized with the endoplasmic reticulum. These data suggest that the LPA1 mutants perturb LPA signaling in cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Ishii
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fukushima
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan.
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Hirane M, Ishii S, Tomimatsu A, Fukushima K, Takahashi K, Fukushima N, Honoki K, Tsujiuchi T. Different induction of LPA receptors by chemical liver carcinogens regulates cellular functions of liver epithelial WB-F344 cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1573-1583. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miku Hirane
- Division of Molecular Oncology; Department of Life Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University; Kowakae, Higashiosaka Osaka Japan
| | - Shuhei Ishii
- Division of Molecular Oncology; Department of Life Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University; Kowakae, Higashiosaka Osaka Japan
| | - Ayaka Tomimatsu
- Division of Molecular Oncology; Department of Life Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University; Kowakae, Higashiosaka Osaka Japan
| | - Kaori Fukushima
- Division of Molecular Oncology; Department of Life Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University; Kowakae, Higashiosaka Osaka Japan
| | - Kaede Takahashi
- Division of Molecular Oncology; Department of Life Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University; Kowakae, Higashiosaka Osaka Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fukushima
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology; Department of Life Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University; Kowakae, Higashiosaka Osaka Japan
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Nara Medical University; Kashihara Nara Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Division of Molecular Oncology; Department of Life Science; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University; Kowakae, Higashiosaka Osaka Japan
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31
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Biased signalling: the instinctive skill of the cell in the selection of appropriate signalling pathways. Biochem J 2015; 470:155-67. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20150358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) are members of a family of proteins which are generally regarded as the largest group of therapeutic drug targets. Ligands of GPCRs do not usually activate all cellular signalling pathways linked to a particular seven-transmembrane receptor in a uniform manner. The fundamental idea behind this concept is that each ligand has its own ability, while interacting with the receptor, to activate different signalling pathways (or a particular set of signalling pathways) and it is this concept which is known as biased signalling. The importance of biased signalling is that it may selectively activate biological responses to favour therapeutically beneficial signalling pathways and to avoid adverse effects. There are two levels of biased signalling. First, bias can arise from the ability of GPCRs to couple to a subset of the available G-protein subtypes: Gαs, Gαq/11, Gαi/o or Gα12/13. These subtypes produce the diverse effects of GPCRs by targeting different effectors. Secondly, biased GPCRs may differentially activate G-proteins or β-arrestins. β-Arrestins are ubiquitously expressed and function to terminate or inhibit classic G-protein signalling and initiate distinct β-arrestin-mediated signalling processes. The interplay of G-protein and β-arrestin signalling largely determines the cellular consequences of the administration of GPCR-targeted drugs. In the present review, we highlight the particular functionalities of biased signalling and discuss its biological effects subsequent to GPCR activation. We consider that biased signalling is potentially allowing a choice between signalling through ‘beneficial’ pathways and the avoidance of ‘harmful’ ones.
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González de San Román E, Manuel I, Giralt MT, Chun J, Estivill-Torrús G, Rodríguez de Fonseca F, Santín LJ, Ferrer I, Rodríguez-Puertas R. Anatomical location of LPA1 activation and LPA phospholipid precursors in rodent and human brain. J Neurochem 2015; 134:471-85. [PMID: 25857358 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a signaling molecule that binds to six known G protein-coupled receptors: LPA1 -LPA6 . LPA evokes several responses in the CNS, including cortical development and folding, growth of the axonal cone and its retraction process. Those cell processes involve survival, migration, adhesion proliferation, differentiation, and myelination. The anatomical localization of LPA1 is incompletely understood, particularly with regard to LPA binding. Therefore, we have used functional [(35) S]GTPγS autoradiography to verify the anatomical distribution of LPA1 binding sites in adult rodent and human brain. The greatest activity was observed in myelinated areas of the white matter such as corpus callosum, internal capsule and cerebellum. MaLPA1 -null mice (a variant of LPA1 -null) lack [(35) S]GTPγS basal binding in white matter areas, where the LPA1 receptor is expressed at high levels, suggesting a relevant role of the activity of this receptor in the most myelinated brain areas. In addition, phospholipid precursors of LPA were localized by MALDI-IMS in both rodent and human brain slices identifying numerous species of phosphatides and phosphatidylcholines. Both phosphatides and phosphatidylcholines species represent potential LPA precursors. The anatomical distribution of these precursors in rodent and human brain may indicate a metabolic relationship between LPA and LPA1 receptors. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a signaling molecule that binds to six known G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), LPA1 to LPA6 . LPA evokes several responses in the central nervous system (CNS), including cortical development and folding, growth of the axonal cone and its retraction process. We used functional [(35) S]GTPγS autoradiography to verify the anatomical distribution of LPA1 -binding sites in adult rodent and human brain. The distribution of LPA1 receptors in rat, mouse and human brains show the highest activity in white matter myelinated areas. The basal and LPA-evoked activities are abolished in MaLPA1 -null mice. The phospholipid precursors of LPA are localized by MALDI-IMS. The anatomical distribution of LPA precursors in rodent and human brain suggests a relationship with functional LPA1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Manuel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - María Teresa Giralt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Jerold Chun
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Guillermo Estivill-Torrús
- UGC Intercentros de Neurociencias y UGC de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- UGC Intercentros de Neurociencias y UGC de Salud Mental, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Malaga (IBIMA), Hospitales Universitarios Regional de Málaga y Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Javier Santín
- Departmento de Psicobiología y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Ciberned, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Puertas
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
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Chien HY, Lu CS, Chuang KH, Kao PH, Wu YL. Attenuation of LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase expression by lysophosphatidic acid in macrophages. Innate Immun 2015; 21:635-46. [DOI: 10.1177/1753425915576345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
LPS can activate the inflammatory cascades by inducing various inflammatory mediators, such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) resulting from cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and NO produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has been demonstrated to participate in inflammation. This study aimed to clarify the impact and the involving mechanisms of LPA on LPS-incurred inflammation in macrophages. First, LPA appeared to attenuate LPS-induced protein and mRNA expression of COX-2 and iNOS genes, as well as production of PGE2 and NO. By using selective inhibitors targeting various signaling players, the inhibitory G protein alpha subunit (Gαi) seemed to be involved in the effect of LPA; p38, ERK and NF-κB were involved in the LPS-mediated COX-2/PGE2 pathway; and p38, JNK, phosphoinositide-3-kinase and NF-κB were involved in the LPS-mediated iNOS/NO pathway. LPA was able to diminish LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 and Akt, as well as NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation. By utilization of inhibitors of COX-2 and iNOS, there appeared to be no modulation between the COX-2/PGE2 and the iNOS/NO signaling pathways. Our findings demonstrate a clear anti-inflammatory role of LPA acting via Gαi in LPS-mediated inflammatory response in macrophages, owing, at least in part, to its suppressive effect on LPS-induced activation of p38, Akt and NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yuan Chien
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Han Chuang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pu-Hong Kao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lin Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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34
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The Src homology 3 binding domain is required for lysophosphatidic acid 3 receptor-mediated cellular viability in melanoma cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 356:589-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Morimoto Y, Ishii S, Ishibashi JI, Katoh K, Tsujiuchi T, Kagawa N, Fukushima N. Functional lysophosphatidic acid receptors expressed in Oryzias latipes. Gene 2014; 551:189-200. [PMID: 25173740 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling is known to play biological and pathophysiological roles in many types of animals. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) is an experimental fish that can be easily maintained, propagated, and analyzed, and whose genome has been completely sequenced. However, there is limited information available regarding medaka LPA receptors. Here, using information from the medaka genome database, we examine the genomic structures, expression, and functions of six LPA receptor genes, Lpar1-Lpar6. Our analyses reveal that the genomic structures of Lpar1 and Lpar4 are different from those deduced from the database. Functional analyses using a heterologous expression system demonstrate that all medaka LPA receptors except for LPA5b respond to LPA treatment with cytoskeletal changes. These findings provide useful information on the structure and function of medaka LPA receptor genes, and identify medaka as a useful experimental model for exploration of the biological significance of LPA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Shoichi Ishii
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Ishibashi
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Katoh
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Computational Biology Research Center, The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Division of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Nao Kagawa
- Division of Animal Genetics, Department of Life Science, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fukushima
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan.
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Kihara Y, Maceyka M, Spiegel S, Chun J. Lysophospholipid receptor nomenclature review: IUPHAR Review 8. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:3575-94. [PMID: 24602016 PMCID: PMC4128058 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophospholipids encompass a diverse range of small, membrane-derived phospholipids that act as extracellular signals. The signalling properties are mediated by 7-transmembrane GPCRs, constituent members of which have continued to be identified after their initial discovery in the mid-1990s. Here we briefly review this class of receptors, with a particular emphasis on their protein and gene nomenclatures that reflect their cognate ligands. There are six lysophospholipid receptors that interact with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA): protein names LPA1 - LPA6 and italicized gene names LPAR1-LPAR6 (human) and Lpar1-Lpar6 (non-human). There are five sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors: protein names S1P1 -S1P5 and italicized gene names S1PR1-S1PR5 (human) and S1pr1-S1pr5 (non-human). Recent additions to the lysophospholipid receptor family have resulted in the proposed names for a lysophosphatidyl inositol (LPI) receptor - protein name LPI1 and gene name LPIR1 (human) and Lpir1 (non-human) - and three lysophosphatidyl serine receptors - protein names LyPS1 , LyPS2 , LyPS3 and gene names LYPSR1-LYPSR3 (human) and Lypsr1-Lypsr3 (non-human) along with a variant form that does not appear to exist in humans that is provisionally named LyPS2L . This nomenclature incorporates previous recommendations from the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, the Human Genome Organization, the Gene Nomenclature Committee, and the Mouse Genome Informatix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kihara
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research InstituteLa Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmond, VA, USA
| | - Jerold Chun
- Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research InstituteLa Jolla, CA, USA
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Araki M, Kitayoshi M, Dong Y, Hirane M, Ozaki S, Mori S, Fukushima N, Honoki K, Tsujiuchi T. Inhibitory effects of lysophosphatidic acid receptor-5 on cellular functions of sarcoma cells. Growth Factors 2014; 32:117-22. [PMID: 24798396 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2014.911294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid that interacts with G protein-coupled LPA receptors (LPA receptor-1 (LPA1) to LPA6). Here, we investigated the effects of LPA signaling via LPA5 on cellular functions of sarcoma cells by generating Lpar5 overexpressing and Lpar5 knockdown cells from rat osteosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma cells, respectively. The cell motility activity of Lpar5 overexpressing cells was significantly lower, while Lpar5 knockdown cells showed high cell motility, compared with respective controls. Gelatin zymography showed that LPA5 suppressed the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2. LPA5 also inhibited the cell motility activity of endothelial cells, correlating with the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor genes. These results suggest that LPA signaling via LPA5 negatively regulates the cellular functions of rat sarcoma cells.
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Yung YC, Stoddard NC, Chun J. LPA receptor signaling: pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1192-214. [PMID: 24643338 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r046458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small ubiquitous lipid found in vertebrate and nonvertebrate organisms that mediates diverse biological actions and demonstrates medicinal relevance. LPA's functional roles are driven by extracellular signaling through at least six 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are named LPA1-6 and signal through numerous effector pathways activated by heterotrimeric G proteins, including Gi/o, G12/13, Gq, and Gs LPA receptor-mediated effects have been described in numerous cell types and model systems, both in vitro and in vivo, through gain- and loss-of-function studies. These studies have revealed physiological and pathophysiological influences on virtually every organ system and developmental stage of an organism. These include the nervous, cardiovascular, reproductive, and pulmonary systems. Disturbances in normal LPA signaling may contribute to a range of diseases, including neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, pain, cardiovascular disease, bone disorders, fibrosis, cancer, infertility, and obesity. These studies underscore the potential of LPA receptor subtypes and related signaling mechanisms to provide novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun C Yung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Nicole C Stoddard
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jerold Chun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
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39
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Dong Y, Hirane M, Araki M, Fukushima N, Tsujiuchi T. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor-5 negatively regulates cellular responses in mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:585-9. [PMID: 24632199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling via G protein-coupled LPA receptors (LPA1-LPA6) mediates a variety of biological functions, including cell migration. Recently, we have reported that LPA1 inhibited the cell motile activities of mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells. In the present study, to evaluate a role of LPA5 in cellular responses, Lpar5 knockdown (3T3-L5) cells were generated from 3T3 cells. In cell proliferation assays, LPA markedly stimulated the cell proliferation activities of 3T3-L5 cells, compared with control cells. In cell motility assays with Cell Culture Inserts, the cell motile activities of 3T3-L5 cells were significantly higher than those of control cells. The activity levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were measured by gelatin zymography. 3T3-L5 cells stimulated the activation of Mmp-2, correlating with the expression levels of Mmp-2 gene. Moreover, to assess the co-effects of LPA1 and LPA5 on cell motile activities, Lpar5 knockdown (3T3a1-L5) cells were also established from Lpar1 over-expressing (3T3a1) cells. 3T3a1-L5 cells increased the cell motile activities of 3T3a1 cells, while the cell motile activities of 3T3a1 cells were significantly lower than those of control cells. These results suggest that LPA5 may act as a negative regulator of cellular responses in mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells, similar to the case for LPA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Division of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Miku Hirane
- Division of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Araki
- Division of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fukushima
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Division of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in human and ruminant reproductive tract. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:649702. [PMID: 24744506 PMCID: PMC3973013 DOI: 10.1155/2014/649702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) through activating its G protein-coupled receptors (LPAR 1–6) exerts diverse cellular effects that in turn influence several physiological processes including reproductive function of the female. Studies in various species of animals and also in humans have identified important roles for the receptor-mediated LPA signaling in multiple aspects of human and animal reproductive tract function. These aspects range from ovarian and uterine function, estrous cycle regulation, early embryo development, embryo implantation, decidualization to pregnancy maintenance and parturition. LPA signaling can also have pathological consequences, influencing aspects of endometriosis and reproductive tissue associated tumors. The review describes recent progress in LPA signaling research relevant to human and ruminant reproduction, pointing at the cow as a relevant model to study LPA influence on the human reproductive performance.
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Feng Y, Liu JF. Expression of lysophosphatidic acid receptors in the human lower esophageal sphincter. Exp Ther Med 2014; 7:423-428. [PMID: 24396418 PMCID: PMC3881043 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid that is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes occurring in the gastrointestinal tract. It acts via six distinct types of receptors, LPA1, LPA2, LPA3, LPA4, LPA5 and LPA6, which belong to the family of G protein-coupled receptors. The aim of the present study was to detect the expression of the LPA receptors in the human lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to analyze the expression of LPA1-6 receptors in sling and clasp fibers from the human LES. The results showed that the protein and mRNA expression levels of various LPA receptors were significantly different. Specifically, the mRNA and protein expression levels of the LPA1 receptor were higher compared with those of the other receptors. The prevalence of the LPA1 receptor mRNA and protein indicates that the LPA1 receptor is likely to be involved in the regulation of human LES functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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Nakayama M, Tabuchi K, Hoshino T, Nakamagoe M, Nishimura B, Hara A. The influence of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor antagonists on gentamicin-induced hair cell loss of the rat cochlea. Neurosci Lett 2014; 561:91-5. [PMID: 24397911 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a sphingolipid metabolite that regulates various critical biological processes, such as cell proliferation, survival, migration, and angiogenesis. The action of S1P is exerted by its binding to 5 specific G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PR), S1PR1-S1PR5. Aminoglycoside antibiotics including gentamicin induce cochlear hair cell loss and sensorineural hearing loss. Apoptotic cell death is considered to play a key role in this type of cochlear injury. S1P acts as a cochlear protectant against gentamicin ototoxicity. In the present study, expression of S1PRs in the cochlea was examined. In addition, the effects of S1PR antagonists on gentamicin ototoxicity were investigated using tissue culture techniques. Cochleas were dissected from Sprague-Dawley rats on postnatal days 3-5. Basal turn organ of Corti explants were exposed to 35 μM gentamicin for 48 h with or without S1PR antagonists. S1PR(1-3) were expressed in the organ of Corti and spiral ganglion. The S1PR2 antagonist increased gentamicin-induced hair cell loss, while the S1PR1 and S1PR3 antagonists did not affect gentamicin ototoxicity. These results indicate the possibility that S1P act as a cochlear protectant against gentamicin ototoxicity via activation of S1PR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nakayama
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keiji Tabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Tomofumi Hoshino
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakamagoe
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Bungo Nishimura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Inhibitory effects of LPA1 on cell motile activities stimulated by hydrogen peroxide and 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone in fibroblast 3T3 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 441:47-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Frisca F, Crombie DE, Dottori M, Goldshmit Y, Pébay A. Rho/ROCK pathway is essential to the expansion, differentiation, and morphological rearrangements of human neural stem/progenitor cells induced by lysophosphatidic acid. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1192-206. [PMID: 23463731 PMCID: PMC3622317 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m032284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) inhibits the neuronal differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC). We extended these studies by analyzing LPA's effects on the expansion of neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PC) derived from hESCs and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), and we assessed whether data obtained on the neural differentiation of hESCs were relevant to iPSCs. We showed that hESCs and iPSCs exhibited comparable mRNA expression profiles of LPA receptors and producing enzymes upon neural differentiation. We demonstrated that LPA inhibited the expansion of NS/PCs of both origins, mainly by increased apoptosis in a Rho/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, LPA inhibited the neuronal differentiation of iPSCs. Lastly, LPA induced neurite retraction of NS/PC-derived early neurons through Rho/ROCK, which was accompanied by myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Our data demonstrate the consistency of LPA effects across various sources of human NS/PCs, rendering hESCs and iPSCs valuable models for studying lysophospholipid signaling in human neural cells. Our data also highlight the importance of the Rho/ROCK pathway in human NS/PCs. As LPA levels are increased in the central nervous system (CNS) following injury, LPA-mediated effects on NS/PCs and early neurons could contribute to the poor neurogenesis observed in the CNS following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frisca Frisca
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Duncan E. Crombie
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research, Australia & Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
| | - Mirella Dottori
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC, Australia; and
| | - Yona Goldshmit
- Centre for Eye Research, Australia & Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research, Australia & Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne VIC, Australia
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Fingolimod: direct CNS effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulation and implications in multiple sclerosis therapy. J Neurol Sci 2013; 328:9-18. [PMID: 23518370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fingolimod is the first oral disease-modifying therapy approved for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Following phosphorylation in vivo, the active agent, fingolimod phosphate (fingolimod-P), acts as a sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, binding with high affinity to four of the five known S1P receptors (S1P1, S1P3, S1P4 and S1P5). The mechanism of action of fingolimod in MS has primarily been considered as immunomodulatory, whereby fingolimod-P modulates S1P1 on lymphocytes, selectively retaining autoreactive lymphocytes in lymph nodes to reduce damaging infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS). However, emerging evidence indicates that fingolimod has direct effects in the CNS in MS. For example, in the MS animal model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), fingolimod is highly efficacious in both a prophylactic and therapeutic setting, yet becomes ineffective in animals selectively deficient for S1P1 on astrocytes, despite maintained normal immunologic receptor expression and functions, and S1P-mediated immune activities. Here we review S1P signaling effects relevant to MS in neural cell types expressing S1P receptors, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, neurons, microglia and dendritic cells. The direct effects of fingolimod on these CNS cells observed in preclinical studies are discussed in view of the functional consequences of reducing neurodegenerative processes and promoting myelin preservation and repair. The therapeutic implications of S1P modulation in the CNS are considered in terms of the clinical outcomes of MS, such as reducing MS-related brain atrophy, and other CNS disorders. Additionally, we briefly outline other existing and investigational MS therapies that may also have effects in the CNS.
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Sakai N, Tager AM. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling through LPA1 in organ fibrosis: A pathway with pleiotropic pro-fibrotic effects. Inflamm Regen 2013. [DOI: 10.2492/inflammregen.33.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Varsano T, Taupin V, Guo L, Baterina OY, Farquhar MG. The PDZ protein GIPC regulates trafficking of the LPA1 receptor from APPL signaling endosomes and attenuates the cell's response to LPA. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49227. [PMID: 23145131 PMCID: PMC3493537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) mediates diverse cellular responses through the activation of at least six LPA receptors – LPA1–6, but the interacting proteins and signaling pathways that mediate the specificity of these receptors are largely unknown. We noticed that LPA1 contains a PDZ binding motif (SVV) identical to that present in two other proteins that interact with the PDZ protein GIPC. GIPC is involved in endocytic trafficking of several receptors including TrkA, VEGFR2, lutropin and dopamine D2 receptors. Here we show that GIPC binds directly to the PDZ binding motif of LPA1 but not that of other LPA receptors. LPA1 colocalizes and coimmunoprecipitates with GIPC and its binding partner APPL, an activator of Akt signaling found on APPL signaling endosomes. GIPC depletion by siRNA disturbed trafficking of LPA1 to EEA1 early endosomes and promoted LPA1 mediated Akt signaling, cell proliferation, and cell motility. We propose that GIPC binds LPA1 and promotes its trafficking from APPL-containing signaling endosomes to EEA1 early endosomes and thus attenuates LPA-mediated Akt signaling from APPL endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Varsano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Taupin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lixia Guo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Oscar Y. Baterina
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Marilyn G. Farquhar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fukui R, Kato K, Okabe K, Kitayoshi M, Tanabe E, Fukushima N, Tsujiuchi T. Enhancement of Drug Resistance by Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptor-3 in Mouse Mammary Tumor FM3A Cells. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25:225-8. [PMID: 22988342 PMCID: PMC3434339 DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) acts as a simple phospholipid that interacts with G protein-coupled transmembrane LPA receptors. Recently, it has been reported that each LPA receptor plays different biological roles in acquisition of the malignant property of tumor cells. In this study, to assess the involvement of LPA receptor-3 (LPA(3)) in cell survival after treatment with anticancer drugs, we generated Lpar3-expressing FM3A-a3A9 cells from mouse mammary tumor FM3A cells and examined the cell survival rate after treatment with anticancer drugs compared with Lpar3-unexpressing cells. Cells were treated with 0.005 to 10 μM of cisplatin (CDDP) or doxorubicin (DOX) for 3 days. For the CDDP and DOX treatments, the cell survival rate of FM3A-a3A9 cells was significantly higher than that of Lpar3-unexpressing cells. The expression level of the Mdr1a gene in FM3A-a3A9 cells was higher than that of Lpar3-unexpressing cells, whereas no significant difference in multidrug resistance 1b (Mdr1b) and glutathione S-transferase mu1 (Gstm1) expressions was found. These results suggest that LPA(3) may enhance the cell survival rate after treatment with anticancer drugs in mouse mammary tumor cells, correlating with increased expression of the Mdr1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Fukui
- Division of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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Choi JW, Chun J. Lysophospholipids and their receptors in the central nervous system. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:20-32. [PMID: 22884303 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), two of the best-studied lysophospholipids, are known to influence diverse biological events, including organismal development as well as function and pathogenesis within multiple organ systems. These functional roles are due to a family of at least 11 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), named LPA(1-6) and S1P(1-5), which are widely distributed throughout the body and that activate multiple effector pathways initiated by a range of heterotrimeric G proteins including G(i/o), G(12/13), G(q) and G(s), with actual activation dependent on receptor subtypes. In the central nervous system (CNS), a major locus for these signaling pathways, LPA and S1P have been shown to influence myriad responses in neurons and glial cell types through their cognate receptors. These receptor-mediated activities can contribute to disease pathogenesis and have therapeutic relevance to human CNS disorders as demonstrated for multiple sclerosis (MS) and possibly others that include congenital hydrocephalus, ischemic stroke, neurotrauma, neuropsychiatric disorders, developmental disorders, seizures, hearing loss, and Sandhoff disease, based upon the experimental literature. In particular, FTY720 (fingolimod, Gilenya, Novartis Pharma, AG) that becomes an analog of S1P upon phosphorylation, was approved by the FDA in 2010 as a first oral treatment for MS, validating this class of receptors as medicinal targets. This review will provide an overview and update on the biological functions of LPA and S1P signaling in the CNS, with a focus on results from studies using genetic null mutants for LPA and S1P receptors. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Choi
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Furuta D, Yamane M, Tsujiuchi T, Moriyama R, Fukushima N. Lysophosphatidic acid induces neurite branch formation through LPA3. Mol Cell Neurosci 2012; 50:21-34. [PMID: 22465231 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although neurite branching is crucial for neuronal network formation after birth, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) stimulates neurite branching through a novel signaling pathway. Treatment of neuronal cell lines with LPA resulted in neurite branch formation when LPA(3) receptor was introduced. The effects of LPA were blocked by inhibition of G(q) signaling. Furthermore, expression of inhibitory mutants of the small GTPase Rnd2/Rho7 or an Rnd2 effector rapostlin abolished LPA(3)-mediated neurite branching. The LPA(3) agonist 2(S)-OMPT or LPA also induced axonal branch formation in hippocampal neurons, which was blocked by G(q) and Rnd2 pathway inhibition or LPA(3) knockdown. These findings suggest that the novel signaling pathway involving LPA(3), G(q), and Rnd2 may play an important role in neuronal network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Furuta
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Kinki University, Higashiosaka, Japan
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