1
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Matsushita MT, Xia Z. Cadmium inhibits calcium activity in hippocampal CA1 neurons of freely moving mice. Toxicol Sci 2024; 200:199-212. [PMID: 38579196 PMCID: PMC11199909 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal and a potential neurotoxicant due to its wide use in industrial manufacturing processes and commercial products, including fertilizers. The general population is exposed to Cd through food and smoking due to high transfer rates of Cd from contaminated soil. Cd has been shown to mimic calcium ions (Ca2+) and interfere with intracellular Ca2+ levels and Ca2+ signaling in in vitro studies. However, nothing is known about Cd's effects on Ca2+ activity in neurons in live animals. This study aimed to determine if Cd disrupts Ca2+ transients of neurons in CA1 region of the hippocampus during an associative learning paradigm. We utilized in vivo Ca2+ imaging in awake, freely moving C57BL/6 mice to measure Ca2+ activity in CA1 excitatory neurons expressing genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor GCaMP6 during an associative learning paradigm. We found that a smaller proportion of neurons are activated in Cd-treated groups compared with control during fear conditioning, suggesting that Cd may contribute to learning and memory deficit by reducing the activity of neurons. We observed these effects at Cd exposure levels that result in blood Cd levels comparable with the general U.S. population levels. This provides a possible molecular mechanism for Cd interference of learning and memory at exposure levels relevant to U.S. adults. To our knowledge, our study is the first to describe Cd effects on brain Ca2+ activity in vivo in freely behaving mice. This study provides evidence for impairment of neuronal calcium activity in hippocampal CA1 excitatory neurons in freely moving mice following cadmium exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi T Matsushita
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Zhengui Xia
- Toxicology Program, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
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2
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Chen J, Hua L, Xu X, Jiapaer Z, Deng J, Wang D, Zhang L, Li G, Gong Y. Identification of the Key Immune Cells and Genes for the Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Meningioma. World Neurosurg 2023; 176:e501-e514. [PMID: 37263494 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of immune infiltration critically contributes to the tumorigenesis and progression of meningiomas. However, the landscape of immune microenvironment and key genes correlated with immune cell infiltration remains unclear. METHODS Four Gene Expression Omnibus data sets were included. CIBERSORT algorithm was utilized to analyze the immune cell infiltration in samples. Wilcoxon test, Random Forest algorithm, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression were adopted in identifying significantly different infiltrating immune cells and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analysis was performed by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology. The correlation between genes and immune cells was evaluated via Spearman's correlation analysis. Receiver Operator Characteristic curve analysis evaluated the markers' diagnostic effectiveness. The mRNA-miRNA and Drug-Gene-Immune cell interaction networks were constructed to identify potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. RESULTS Plasma cells, M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, and activated NK cells were the significantly different infiltrating immune cells in meningioma. A total of 951 DEGs, associated with synaptic function and structure, ion transport regulation, brain function, and immune-related pathways, were identified. Among 11 hub DEGs, RYR2 and TTR were correlated with plasma cells; SNCG was associated with NK cells; ADCY1 exhibited excellent diagnostic effectiveness; and ADCY1, BMX, KCNA5, SLCO4A1, and TTR could be considered as therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS ADCY1 can be identified as a diagnostic marker; ADCY1, BMX, KCNA5, SLCO4A1, and TTR are potential therapeutic targets, and their associations with macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells, and plasma cells might impact the tumorigenesis of meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyang Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiupeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zeyidan Jiapaer
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biology Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiaojiao Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Daijun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ye Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai, China; Neurosurgical Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Clinical Medical Center of Neurosurgery, Shanghai, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Chen J, Ding Q, An L, Wang H. Ca2+-stimulated adenylyl cyclases as therapeutic targets for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949384. [PMID: 36188604 PMCID: PMC9523369 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the main secondary messengers, cyclic AMP (cAMP) and Ca2+ trigger intracellular signal transduction cascade and, in turn, regulate many aspects of cellular function in developing and mature neurons. The group I adenylyl cyclase (ADCY, also known as AC) isoforms, including ADCY1, 3, and 8 (also known as AC1, AC3, and AC8), are stimulated by Ca2+ and thus functionally positioned to integrate cAMP and Ca2+ signaling. Emerging lines of evidence have suggested the association of the Ca2+-stimulated ADCYs with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and autism. In this review, we discuss the molecular and cellular features as well as the physiological functions of ADCY1, 3, and 8. We further discuss the recent therapeutic development to target the Ca2+-stimulated ADCYs for potential treatments of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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4
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Wang S, Rhijn JRV, Akkouh I, Kogo N, Maas N, Bleeck A, Ortiz IS, Lewerissa E, Wu KM, Schoenmaker C, Djurovic S, van Bokhoven H, Kleefstra T, Nadif Kasri N, Schubert D. Loss-of-function variants in the schizophrenia risk gene SETD1A alter neuronal network activity in human neurons through the cAMP/PKA pathway. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110790. [PMID: 35508131 PMCID: PMC7615788 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in SETD1A, which encodes a subunit of histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase, cause a neurodevelopmental syndrome and increase the risk for schizophrenia. Using CRISPR-Cas9, we generate excitatory/inhibitory neuronal networks from human induced pluripotent stem cells with a SETD1A heterozygous LoF mutation (SETD1A+/-). Our data show that SETD1A haploinsufficiency results in morphologically increased dendritic complexity and functionally increased bursting activity. This network phenotype is primarily driven by SETD1A haploinsufficiency in glutamatergic neurons. In accordance with the functional changes, transcriptomic profiling reveals perturbations in gene sets associated with glutamatergic synaptic function. At the molecular level, we identify specific changes in the cyclic AMP (cAMP)/Protein Kinase A pathway pointing toward a hyperactive cAMP pathway in SETD1A+/- neurons. Finally, by pharmacologically targeting the cAMP pathway, we are able to rescue the network deficits in SETD1A+/- cultures. Our results demonstrate a link between SETD1A and the cAMP-dependent pathway in human neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 HR Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jon-Ruben van Rhijn
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 HR Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ibrahim Akkouh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Naoki Kogo
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Biophysics, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nadine Maas
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 HR Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Bleeck
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 HR Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Santisteban Ortiz
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 HR Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Elly Lewerissa
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ka Man Wu
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal Schoenmaker
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Hans van Bokhoven
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 HR Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nael Nadif Kasri
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 HR Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6500 HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk Schubert
- Department of Cognitive Neurosciences, Radboudumc, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, 6525 HR Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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5
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Szalanczy AM, Key CCC, Woods LCS. Genetic variation in satiety signaling and hypothalamic inflammation: merging fields for the study of obesity. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 101:108928. [PMID: 34936921 PMCID: PMC8959400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although obesity has been a longstanding health crisis, the genetic architecture of the disease remains poorly understood. Genome-wide association studies have identified many genomic loci associated with obesity, with genes being enriched in the brain, particularly in the hypothalamus. This points to the role of the central nervous system (CNS) in predisposition to obesity, and we emphasize here several key genes along the satiety signaling pathway involved in genetic susceptibility. Interest has also risen regarding the chronic, low-grade obesity-associated inflammation, with a growing concern toward inflammation in the hypothalamus as a precursor to obesity. Recent studies have found that genetic variation in inflammatory genes play a role in obesity susceptibility, and we highlight here several key genes. Despite the interest in the genetic variants of these pathways individually, there is a lack of research that investigates the relationship between the two. Understanding the interplay between genetic variation in obesity genes enriched in the CNS and inflammation genes will advance our understanding of obesity etiology and heterogeneity, improve genetic risk prediction analyses, and highlight new drug targets for the treatment of obesity. Additionally, this increased knowledge will assist in physician's ability to develop personalized nutrition and medication strategies for combating the obesity epidemic. Though it often seems to present universally, obesity is a highly individual disease, and there remains a need in the field to develop methods to treat at the individual level.
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6
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Soria MA, Cervantes SA, Siemer AB. Calmodulin binds the N-terminus of the functional amyloid Orb2A inhibiting fibril formation. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259872. [PMID: 35025866 PMCID: PMC8758002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein Orb2 is a key regulator of long-term memory (LTM) in Drosophila. The N-terminus of the Orb2 isoform A is required for LTM and forms cross-β fibrils on its own. However, this N-terminus is not part of the core found in ex vivo fibrils. We previously showed that besides forming cross-β fibrils, the N-terminus of Orb2A binds anionic lipid membranes as an amphipathic helix. Here, we show that the Orb2A N-terminus can similarly interact with calcium activated calmodulin (CaM) and that this interaction prevents fibril formation. Because CaM is a known regulator of LTM, this interaction could potentially explain the regulatory role of Orb2A in LTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Soria
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Silvia A. Cervantes
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ansgar B. Siemer
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Bączyk M, Manuel M, Roselli F, Zytnicki D. From Physiological Properties to Selective Vulnerability of Motor Units in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 28:375-394. [PMID: 36066833 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07167-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Spinal alpha-motoneurons are classified in several types depending on the contractile properties of the innervated muscle fibers. This diversity is further displayed in different levels of vulnerability of distinct motor units to neurodegenerative diseases such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). We summarize recent data suggesting that, contrary to the excitotoxicity hypothesis, the most vulnerable motor units are hypoexcitable and experience a reduction in their firing prior to symptoms onset in ALS. We suggest that a dysregulation of activity-dependent transcriptional programs in these motoneurons alter crucial cellular functions such as mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, axonal sprouting capability and re-innervation of neuromuscular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Bączyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marin Manuel
- SPPIN - Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)-Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Neurozentrum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniel Zytnicki
- SPPIN - Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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8
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Zhang WW, Cao H, Li Y, Fu XJ, Zhang YQ. Peripheral ablation of type Ⅲ adenylyl cyclase induces hyperalgesia and eliminates KOR-mediated analgesia in mice. JCI Insight 2021; 7:153191. [PMID: 34914639 PMCID: PMC8855833 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated group Ⅰ adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms AC1 and AC8 have been involved in nociceptive processing and morphine responses. However, whether AC3, another member of group I ACs, is involved in nociceptive transmission and regulates opioid receptor signaling remain elusive. Here we report that conditional knockout of AC3 (AC3CKO) in L3 and L4 DRGs robustly facilitates the mouse nociceptive responses, decreases voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel currents and increases neuronal excitability. Also, AC3CKO eliminates the analgesic effect of κ opioid receptor (KOR) agonist and its inhibition on Kv channel by classical Gαi/o signaling or nonclassical direct interaction of KOR and AC3 proteins. Interestingly, significantly upregulated AC1 level and cAMP concentration are detected in AC3 deficient DRGs. Inhibition of AC1 completely reversed cAMP upregulation, neuronal excitability enhancement and nociceptive behavioral hypersensitivity in AC3CKO mice. Our findings suggest a crucial role of peripheral AC3 in nociceptive modulation and KOR opioid analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wen Zhang
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Intelligence and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xian-Jun Fu
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Translational Neurosciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Navarro-Lobato I, Masmudi-Martín M, López-Aranda MF, Quiros-Ortega ME, Carretero-Rey M, Garcia-Garrido MF, Gallardo-Martínez C, Martín-Montañez E, Gaona-Romero C, Delgado G, Torres-Garcia L, Terrón-Melguizo J, Posadas S, Muñoz LR, Rios CV, Zoidakis J, Vlahou A, López JC, Khan ZU. RGS14414-Mediated Activation of the 14-3-3ζ in Rodent Perirhinal Cortex Induces Dendritic Arborization, an Increase in Spine Number, Long-Lasting Memory Enhancement, and the Prevention of Memory Deficits. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:1894-1910. [PMID: 34519346 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The remedy of memory deficits has been inadequate, as all potential candidates studied thus far have shown limited to no effects and a search for an effective strategy is ongoing. Here, we show that an expression of RGS14414 in rat perirhinal cortex (PRh) produced long-lasting object recognition memory (ORM) enhancement and that this effect was mediated through the upregulation of 14-3-3ζ, which caused a boost in BDNF protein levels and increase in pyramidal neuron dendritic arborization and dendritic spine number. A knockdown of the 14-3-3ζ gene in rat or the deletion of the BDNF gene in mice caused complete loss in ORM enhancement and increase in BDNF protein levels and neuronal plasticity, indicating that 14-3-3ζ-BDNF pathway-mediated structural plasticity is an essential step in RGS14414-induced memory enhancement. We further observed that RGS14414 treatment was able to prevent deficits in recognition, spatial, and temporal memory, which are types of memory that are particularly affected in patients with memory dysfunctions, in rodent models of aging and Alzheimer's disease. These results suggest that 14-3-3ζ-BDNF pathway might play an important role in the maintenance of the synaptic structures in PRh that support memory functions and that RGS14414-mediated activation of this pathway could serve as a remedy to treat memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Navarro-Lobato
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Mariam Masmudi-Martín
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Manuel F López-Aranda
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - María E Quiros-Ortega
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Marta Carretero-Rey
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - María F Garcia-Garrido
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Carmen Gallardo-Martínez
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Elisa Martín-Montañez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Celia Gaona-Romero
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Gloria Delgado
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Laura Torres-Garcia
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Javier Terrón-Melguizo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Sinforiano Posadas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez Muñoz
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Carlos Vivar Rios
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Juan C López
- Animal Behavior and Neuroscience Lab., Department of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Seville, Seville 41018, Spain
| | - Zafar U Khan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga 29010, Spain.,CIBERNED, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid 28031, Spain
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10
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Metabotropic actions of kainate receptors modulating glutamate release. Neuropharmacology 2021; 197:108696. [PMID: 34274351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Presynaptic kainate (KA) receptors (KARs) modulate GABA and glutamate release in the central nervous system of mammals. While some of the actions of KARs are ionotropic, metabotropic actions for these receptors have also been seen to modulate both GABA and glutamate release. In general, presynaptic KARs modulate glutamate release through their metabotropic actions in a biphasic manner, with low KA concentrations producing an increase in glutamate release and higher concentrations of KA driving weaker release of this neurotransmitter. Different molecular mechanisms are involved in this modulation of glutamate release, with a G-protein independent, Ca2+-calmodulin adenylate cyclase (AC) and protein kinase A (PKA) dependent mechanism facilitating glutamate release, and a G-protein, AC and PKA dependent mechanism mediating the decrease in neurotransmitter release. Here, we describe the events underlying the KAR modulation of glutamatergic transmission in different brain regions, addressing the possible functions of this modulation and proposing future research lines in this field.
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11
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Romero-Pimentel AL, Almeida D, Muñoz-Montero S, Rangel C, Mendoza-Morales R, Gonzalez-Saenz EE, Nagy C, Chen G, Aouabed Z, Theroux JF, Turecki G, Martinez-Levy G, Walss-Bass C, Monroy-Jaramillo N, Fernández-Figueroa EA, Gómez-Cotero A, García-Dolores F, Morales-Marin ME, Nicolini H. Integrative DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Analysis in the Prefrontal Cortex of Mexicans Who Died by Suicide. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:935-947. [PMID: 34214149 PMCID: PMC8653872 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide represents a major health concern, especially in developing countries. While many demographic risk factors have been proposed, the underlying molecular pathology of suicide remains poorly understood. A body of evidence suggests that aberrant DNA methylation and expression is involved. In this study, we examined DNA methylation profiles and concordant gene expression changes in the prefrontal cortex of Mexicans who died by suicide. METHODS In collaboration with the coroner's office in Mexico City, brain samples of males who died by suicide (n = 35) and age-matched sudden death controls (n = 13) were collected. DNA and RNA were extracted from prefrontal cortex tissue and analyzed with the Infinium Methylation480k and the HumanHT-12 v4 Expression Beadchips, respectively. RESULTS We report evidence of altered DNA methylation profiles at 4430 genomic regions together with 622 genes characterized by differential expression in cases vs controls. Seventy genes were found to have concordant methylation and expression changes. Metacore-enriched analysis identified 10 genes with biological relevance to psychiatric phenotypes and suicide (ADCY9, CRH, NFATC4, ABCC8, HMGA1, KAT2A, EPHA2, TRRAP, CD22, and CBLN1) and highlighted the association that ADCY9 has with various pathways, including signal transduction regulated by the cAMP-responsive element modulator, neurophysiological process regulated by the corticotrophin-releasing hormone, and synaptic plasticity. We therefore went on to validate the observed hypomethylation of ADCY9 in cases vs control through targeted bisulfite sequencing. CONCLUSION Our study represents the first, to our knowledge, analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression associated with suicide in a Mexican population using postmortem brain, providing novel insights for convergent molecular alterations associated with suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L Romero-Pimentel
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico,McGill Group of Suicide Studies, Montreal,Canada
| | - Daniel Almeida
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Said Muñoz-Montero
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia Rangel
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Mendoza-Morales
- Instituto de Ciencias Forenses del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eli E Gonzalez-Saenz
- Instituto de Ciencias Forenses del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Corina Nagy
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gary Chen
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zahia Aouabed
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gustavo Turecki
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Martinez-Levy
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Walss-Bass
- Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas,USA
| | - Nancy Monroy-Jaramillo
- Department of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Amalia Gómez-Cotero
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Santo Tomás, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando García-Dolores
- Instituto de Ciencias Forenses del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de la CDMX, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Humberto Nicolini
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico,Correspondence: José Humberto Nicolini Sánchez, MD, PhD, Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Arenal Tepepan, Tlalpan, 14610, Ciudad de México, CDMX, México ()
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12
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Acreman S, Zhang Q. Regulation of α-cell glucagon secretion: The role of second messengers. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2021; 8:7-18. [PMID: 35620162 PMCID: PMC9128566 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon is a potent glucose‐elevating hormone that is secreted by pancreatic α‐cells. While well‐controlled glucagon secretion plays an important role in maintaining systemic glucose homeostasis and preventing hypoglycaemia, it is increasingly apparent that defects in the regulation of glucagon secretion contribute to impaired counter‐regulation and hyperglycaemia in diabetes. It has therefore been proposed that pharmacological interventions targeting glucagon secretion/signalling can have great potential in improving glycaemic control of patients with diabetes. However, despite decades of research, a consensus on the precise mechanisms of glucose regulation of glucagon secretion is yet to be reached. Second messengers are a group of small intracellular molecules that relay extracellular signals to the intracellular signalling cascade, modulating cellular functions. There is a growing body of evidence that second messengers, such as cAMP and Ca2+, play critical roles in α‐cell glucose‐sensing and glucagon secretion. In this review, we discuss the impact of second messengers on α‐cell electrical activity, intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and cell exocytosis. We highlight the possibility that the interaction between different second messengers may play a key role in the glucose‐regulation of glucagon secretion.
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13
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Navarro-Lobato I, Masmudi-Martín M, Quiros-Ortega ME, Gaona-Romero C, Carretero-Rey M, Rey Blanes C, Khan ZU. 14-3-3ζ is crucial for the conversion of labile short-term object recognition memory into stable long-term memory. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2305-2317. [PMID: 34115908 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The consolidation of new memories into long-lasting memories is multistage process characterized by distinct temporal dynamics. However, our understanding on the initial stage of transformation of labile memory of recent experience into stable memory remains elusive. Here, with the use of rats and mice overexpressing a memory enhancer called regulator of G protein signaling 14 of 414 amino acids (RGS14414 ) as a tool, we show that the expression of RGS14414 in male rats' perirhinal cortex (PRh), which is a brain area crucial for object recognition memory (ORM), enhanced the ORM to the extent that it caused the conversion of labile short-term ORM (ST-ORM) expected to last for 40 min into stable long-term ORM (LT-ORM) traceable after a delay of 24 hr, and that the temporal window of 40 to 60 min after object exposure not only was key for this conversion but also was the time frame when a surge in 14-3-3ζ protein was observed. A knockdown of 14-3-3ζ gene abrogated both the increase in 14-3-3ζ protein and the formation of LT-ORM. Furthermore, this 14-3-3ζ upregulation increased brain-derived growth factor (BDNF) levels in the time frame of 60 min and 24 hr and 14-3-3ζ knockdown decreased the BDNF levels, and a deletion of BDNF gene produced loss in mice ability to form LT-ORM. Thus, within 60 min of object exposure, 14-3-3ζ facilitated the conversion of labile ORM into stable ORM, whereas beyond the 60 min, it mediated the consolidation of the stable memory into long-lasting ORM by regulating BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Navarro-Lobato
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, Nijmegen, 6525AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Mariam Masmudi-Martín
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Brain Metastasis Group, National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Maria E Quiros-Ortega
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Celia Gaona-Romero
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Marta Carretero-Rey
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rey Blanes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Zafar U Khan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, CIMES, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
- CIBERNED, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Somatostatin, a Presynaptic Modulator of Glutamatergic Signal in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115864. [PMID: 34070785 PMCID: PMC8198526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin is widely diffused in the central nervous system, where it participates to control the efficiency of synaptic transmission. This peptide mainly colocalizes with GABA, in inhibitory, GABA-containing interneurons from which it is actively released in a Ca2+ dependent manner upon application of depolarizing stimuli. Once released in the synaptic cleft, somatostatin acts locally, or it diffuses in the extracellular space through "volume diffusion", a mechanism(s) of distribution which mainly operates in the cerebrospinal fluid and that assures the progression of neuronal signalling from signal-secreting sender structures towards receptor-expressing targeted neurons located extrasynaptically, in a non-synaptic, inter-neuronal form of communication. Somatostatin controls the efficiency of central glutamate transmission by either modulating presynaptically the glutamate exocytosis or by metamodulating the activity of glutamate receptors colocalized and functionally coupled with somatostatin receptors in selected subpopulations of nerve terminals. Deciphering the role of somatostatin in the mechanisms of "volume diffusion" and in the "receptor-receptor interaction" unveils new perspectives in the central role of this fine tuner of synaptic strength, paving the road to new therapeutic approaches for the cure of central disorders.
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15
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Chang Y, Hung CF, Ko HH, Wang SJ. Albanin A, Derived from the Root Bark of Morus alba L., Depresses Glutamate Release in the Rat Cerebrocortical Nerve Terminals via Ca 2+/Calmodulin/Adenylate Cyclase 1 Suppression. J Med Food 2021; 24:209-217. [PMID: 33739887 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreasing synaptic release of glutamate may counteract glutamate excitotoxicity in many neurological diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of albanin A, a constituent in the root bark of Morus alba L., on the release of glutamate in rat cerebral cortex nerve endings (synaptosomes). We found that albanin A at 5-30μM suppressed 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced release of glutamate. This phenomenon was abolished by extracellular calcium removal or by vesicular transporter inhibition, and was associated with a decrease in intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ levels. However, albanin A had no effect on the synaptosomal membrane potential. The inhibition of N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels, calmodulin, adenylate cyclase (AC), and protein kinase A, abolished the effect of albanin A on the glutamate release evoked by 4-AP. Moreover, the albanin A-mediated inhibition of glutamate release was prevented by the Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated AC1 inhibitor. Western blot showed that AC1, but not AC8, was presented in the synaptosomes, and albanin A reduced 4-AP-induced increases in synaptosomal cyclic adenosine monophosphate content. In addition, albanin A pretreatment substantially attenuated neuronal damage in a rat model of kainic acid-induced glutamate excitotoxicity. Our data reveal that albanin A suppresses glutamate release by decreasing Ca2+/calmodulin/AC1 activation in synaptosomes and exerts neuroprotective effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi Feng Hung
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Horng Huey Ko
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy; Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Center; Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Su Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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16
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The Relevance of Amyloid β-Calmodulin Complexation in Neurons and Brain Degeneration in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094976. [PMID: 34067061 PMCID: PMC8125740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraneuronal amyloid β (Aβ) oligomer accumulation precedes the appearance of amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles and is neurotoxic. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-affected brains, intraneuronal Aβ oligomers can derive from Aβ peptide production within the neuron and, also, from vicinal neurons or reactive glial cells. Calcium homeostasis dysregulation and neuronal excitability alterations are widely accepted to play a key role in Aβ neurotoxicity in AD. However, the identification of primary Aβ-target proteins, in which functional impairment initiating cytosolic calcium homeostasis dysregulation and the critical point of no return are still pending issues. The micromolar concentration of calmodulin (CaM) in neurons and its high affinity for neurotoxic Aβ peptides (dissociation constant ≈ 1 nM) highlight a novel function of CaM, i.e., the buffering of free Aβ concentrations in the low nanomolar range. In turn, the concentration of Aβ-CaM complexes within neurons will increase as a function of time after the induction of Aβ production, and free Aβ will rise sharply when accumulated Aβ exceeds all available CaM. Thus, Aβ-CaM complexation could also play a major role in neuronal calcium signaling mediated by calmodulin-binding proteins by Aβ; a point that has been overlooked until now. In this review, we address the implications of Aβ-CaM complexation in the formation of neurotoxic Aβ oligomers, in the alteration of intracellular calcium homeostasis induced by Aβ, and of dysregulation of the calcium-dependent neuronal activity and excitability induced by Aβ.
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17
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Tian Y, Yang S, Gao S. Advances, Perspectives and Potential Engineering Strategies of Light-Gated Phosphodiesterases for Optogenetic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7544. [PMID: 33066112 PMCID: PMC7590022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The second messengers, cyclic adenosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (cGMP), play important roles in many animal cells by regulating intracellular signaling pathways and modulating cell physiology. Environmental cues like temperature, light, and chemical compounds can stimulate cell surface receptors and trigger the generation of second messengers and the following regulations. The spread of cAMP and cGMP is further shaped by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) for orchestration of intracellular microdomain signaling. However, localized intracellular cAMP and cGMP signaling requires further investigation. Optogenetic manipulation of cAMP and cGMP offers new opportunities for spatio-temporally precise study of their signaling mechanism. Light-gated nucleotide cyclases are well developed and applied for cAMP/cGMP manipulation. Recently discovered rhodopsin phosphodiesterase genes from protists established a new and direct biological connection between light and PDEs. Light-regulated PDEs are under development, and of demand to complete the toolkit for cAMP/cGMP manipulation. In this review, we summarize the state of the art, pros and cons of artificial and natural light-regulated PDEs, and discuss potential new strategies of developing light-gated PDEs for optogenetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shiqiang Gao
- Department of Neurophysiology, Physiological Institute, University of Wuerzburg, 97070 Wuerzburg, Germany; (Y.T.); (S.Y.)
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18
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[1-(4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-methanol, an indole-3-carbinol derivative, inhibits glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals by suppressing the P/Q-type Ca 2+ channels and Ca 2+/calmodulin/protein kinase A pathway. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104845. [PMID: 32911011 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), found in cruciferous vegetables, has been proposed to exhibit neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the I3C derivative [1(4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-methanol (CIM), which has superior pharmacokinetic properties to I3C, on glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). We observed that CIM dose-dependently inhibited glutamate release evoked by the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). CIM-mediated inhibition of glutamate release was attributed to reduced exocytosis, as it correlated with the removal of extracellular calcium and blocking of the vesicular glutamate transporter but not the glutamate transporter. In addition, CIM decreased 4-AP-evoked intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ elevation; however, it did not alter the synaptosomal membrane potential. The inhibition of P/Q-typeCa2+ channels abolished the effect of CIM on 4-AP-evoked glutamate release, and the effect was not prevented by intracellular Ca2+ release inhibitors. Moreover, the molecular docking study showed that CIM exhibited the highest binding affinity with the P/Q-type Ca2+channels. Finally, the CIM-mediated inhibition of glutamate release was sensitive to calmodulin, adenylate cyclase (AC), and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors. Based on these results, we propose that CIM, through the direct suppression of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels, decreases Ca2+ influx and the activation of Ca2+/calmodulin/AC/PKA signaling, thereby inhibiting glutamate release. This finding is crucial for understanding the role of CIM in the central nervous system and for exploiting its potential in therapeutic interventions.
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19
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Grosser S, Buck N, Braunewell KH, Gilling KE, Wozny C, Fidzinski P, Behr J. Loss of Long-Term Potentiation at Hippocampal Output Synapses in Experimental Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:143. [PMID: 32982687 PMCID: PMC7484482 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) show severe problems in hippocampus dependent memory consolidation. Memory consolidation strongly depends on an intact dialog between the hippocampus and neocortical structures. Deficits in hippocampal signal transmission are known to provoke disturbances in memory formation. In the present study, we investigate changes of synaptic plasticity at hippocampal output structures in an experimental animal model of TLE. In pilocarpine-treated rats, we found suppressed long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal and parahippocampal regions such as the subiculum and the entorhinal cortex (EC). Subsequently we focused on the subiculum, serving as the major relay station between the hippocampus proper and downstream structures. In control animals, subicular pyramidal cells express different forms of LTP depending on their intrinsic firing pattern. In line with our extracellular recordings, we could show that LTP could only be induced in a minority of subicular pyramidal neurons. We demonstrate that a well-characterized cAMP-dependent signaling pathway involved in presynaptic forms of LTP is perturbed in pilocarpine-treated animals. Our findings suggest that in TLE, disturbances of synaptic plasticity may influence the information flow between the hippocampus and the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Grosser
- Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Buck
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Braunewell
- Department of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kate E Gilling
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Wozny
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Pawel Fidzinski
- Department of Neurology with Experimental Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Behr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Kelly MP, Heckman PRA, Havekes R. Genetic manipulation of cyclic nucleotide signaling during hippocampal neuroplasticity and memory formation. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 190:101799. [PMID: 32360536 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research have underscored the importance of cyclic nucleotide signaling in memory formation and synaptic plasticity. In recent years, several new genetic techniques have expanded the neuroscience toolbox, allowing researchers to measure and modulate cyclic nucleotide gradients with high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we will provide an overview of studies using genetic approaches to interrogate the role cyclic nucleotide signaling plays in hippocampus-dependent memory processes and synaptic plasticity. Particular attention is given to genetic techniques that measure real-time changes in cyclic nucleotide levels as well as newly-developed genetic strategies to transiently manipulate cyclic nucleotide signaling in a subcellular compartment-specific manner with high temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michy P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Rd, VA Bldg1, 3(rd) Fl, D-12, Columbia, 29209, SC, USA.
| | - Pim R A Heckman
- Neurobiology Expertise Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Robbert Havekes
- Neurobiology Expertise Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
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21
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Zhou Y, Qiu L, Wang H, Chen X. Induction of activity synchronization among primed hippocampal neurons out of random dynamics is key for trace memory formation and retrieval. FASEB J 2020; 34:3658-3676. [PMID: 31944374 PMCID: PMC7079015 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902274r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Memory is thought to be encoded by sparsely distributed neuronal ensembles in memory‐related regions. However, it is unclear how memory‐eligible neurons react during learning to encode trace fear memory and how they retrieve a memory. We implemented a fiber‐optic confocal fluorescence endomicroscope to directly visualize calcium dynamics of hippocampal CA1 neurons in freely behaving mice subjected to trace fear conditioning. Here we report that the overall activity levels of CA1 neurons showed a right‐skewed lognormal distribution, with a small portion of highly active neurons (termed Primed Neurons) filling the long‐tail. Repetitive training induced Primed Neurons to shift from random activity to well‐tuned synchronization. The emergence of activity synchronization coincided with the appearance of mouse freezing behaviors. In recall, a partial synchronization among the same subset of Primed Neurons was induced from random dynamics, which also coincided with mouse freezing behaviors. Additionally, training‐induced synchronization facilitated robust calcium entry into Primed Neurons. In contrast, most CA1 neurons did not respond to tone and foot shock throughout the training and recall cycles. In conclusion, Primed Neurons are preferably recruited to encode trace fear memory and induction of activity synchronization among Primed Neurons out of random dynamics is critical for trace memory formation and retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhou
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Liyan Qiu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Xuanmao Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
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22
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Zou T, Liu J, She L, Chen J, Zhu T, Yin J, Li X, Li X, Zhou H, Liu Z. A perspective profile of ADCY1 in cAMP signaling with drug-resistance in lung cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:6848-6857. [PMID: 31839819 PMCID: PMC6909948 DOI: 10.7150/jca.36614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylate cyclase 1 (ADCY1 or AC1) is a member of ADCY superfamily and was primarily found to be expressed in the brain. ADCY1 is responsible for catalyzing ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP). As a secondary messenger, cAMP can regulate plenty of cellular activities. cAMP can perform its regulation in cellular transport through the binding to cAMP dependent protein kinases (PKAs), cAMP-activated guanine exchange factors (EPACs) and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels functioning in transduction of sensory signals (CNGs). Lung cancer is one of the leading factors of cancer-related death worldwide. Platinum-based chemotherapy is the first-line treatment for advanced lung cancer patients. In addition, surgical treatment, radiation treatment, and molecular targeted therapy are also therapeutic options for lung cancer patients in clinical settings. However, drug resistance and toxicity are the major obstacles that affect chemotherapy outcome and prognosis of lung cancer patients. And the therapeutic efficiency and adverse effects are varying with each individual. In recent years, investigations based on genetic sequencing have revealed the emerging role of ADCY1 mutations in affecting drug efficiency in various cancers such as lung cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer. The potential function of ADCY1 in chemotherapy resistance is of great importance to be noticed and investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zou
- National Institution of Drug Clinical Trial, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, P.R.China
| | - Li She
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
- Otolaryngology Major Disease Research Key Laboratory of Hunan Province
| | - Juan Chen
- Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China. Department of pharmacy, Xiangya hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China
| | - Jiye Yin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R.China
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23
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Mahajan G, Nadkarni S. Intracellular calcium stores mediate metaplasticity at hippocampal dendritic spines. J Physiol 2019; 597:3473-3502. [PMID: 31099020 PMCID: PMC6636706 DOI: 10.1113/jp277726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Calcium (Ca2+) entry mediated by NMDA receptors is considered central to the induction of activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity in hippocampal area CA1; this description does not, however, take into account the potential contribution of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores. The ER has a heterogeneous distribution in CA1 dendritic spines, and may introduce localized functional differences in Ca2+ signalling between synapses, as suggested by experiments on metabotropic receptor‐dependent long‐term depression. A physiologically detailed computational model of Ca2+ dynamics at a CA3–CA1 excitatory synapse characterizes the contribution of spine ER via metabotropic signalling during plasticity induction protocols. ER Ca2+ release via IP3 receptors modulates NMDA receptor‐dependent plasticity in a graded manner, to selectively promote synaptic depression with relatively diminished effect on LTP induction; this may temper further strengthening at the stronger synapses which are preferentially associated with ER‐containing spines. Acquisition of spine ER may thus represent a local, biophysically plausible ‘metaplastic switch’ at potentiated CA1 synapses, contributing to the plasticity–stability balance in neural circuits.
Abstract Long‐term plasticity mediated by NMDA receptors supports input‐specific, Hebbian forms of learning at excitatory CA3–CA1 connections in the hippocampus. There exists an additional layer of stabilizing mechanisms that act globally as well as locally over multiple time scales to ensure that plasticity occurs in a constrained manner. Here, we investigated the role of calcium (Ca2+) stores associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in the local regulation of plasticity at individual CA1 synapses. Our study was spurred by (1) the curious observation that ER is sparsely distributed in dendritic spines, but over‐represented in larger spines that are likely to have undergone activity‐dependent strengthening, and (2) evidence suggesting that ER motility at synapses can be rapid, and accompany activity‐regulated spine remodelling. We constructed a physiologically realistic computational model of an ER‐bearing CA1 spine, and examined how IP3‐sensitive Ca2+ stores affect spine Ca2+ dynamics during activity patterns mimicking the induction of long‐term potentiation and long‐term depression (LTD). Our results suggest that the presence of ER modulates NMDA receptor‐dependent plasticity in a graded manner that selectively enhances LTD induction. We propose that ER may locally tune Ca2+‐based plasticity, providing a braking mechanism to mitigate runaway strengthening at potentiated synapses. Our study provides a biophysically accurate description of postsynaptic Ca2+ regulation, and suggests that ER in the spine may promote the re‐use of hippocampal synapses with saturated strengths. Calcium (Ca2+) entry mediated by NMDA receptors is considered central to the induction of activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity in hippocampal area CA1; this description does not, however, take into account the potential contribution of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores. The ER has a heterogeneous distribution in CA1 dendritic spines, and may introduce localized functional differences in Ca2+ signalling between synapses, as suggested by experiments on metabotropic receptor‐dependent long‐term depression. A physiologically detailed computational model of Ca2+ dynamics at a CA3–CA1 excitatory synapse characterizes the contribution of spine ER via metabotropic signalling during plasticity induction protocols. ER Ca2+ release via IP3 receptors modulates NMDA receptor‐dependent plasticity in a graded manner, to selectively promote synaptic depression with relatively diminished effect on LTP induction; this may temper further strengthening at the stronger synapses which are preferentially associated with ER‐containing spines. Acquisition of spine ER may thus represent a local, biophysically plausible ‘metaplastic switch’ at potentiated CA1 synapses, contributing to the plasticity–stability balance in neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurang Mahajan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, 411 008, India
| | - Suhita Nadkarni
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, 411 008, India
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24
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Chang Y, Hsieh HL, Huang SK, Wang SJ. Neurosteroid allopregnanolone inhibits glutamate release from rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals. Synapse 2018; 73:e22076. [PMID: 30362283 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Allopregnanolone, an active metabolite of progesterone, has been reported to exhibit neuroprotective activity in several preclinical models. Considering that the excitotoxicity caused by excessive glutamate is implicated in many brain disorders, the effect of allopregnanolone on glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals and possible underlying mechanism were investigated. We observed that allopregnanolone inhibited 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-evoked glutamate release, and this inhibition was prevented by chelating the extracellular Ca2+ ions and the vesicular transporter inhibitor. Allopregnanolone reduced the elevation of 4-AP-evoked intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ levels, but did not affect the synaptosomal membrane potential. In the presence of N-, P/Q-, and R-type channel blockers, allopregnanolone-mediated inhibition of 4-AP-evoked glutamate release was markedly reduced; however, the intracellular Ca2+ -release inhibitors did not affect the allopregnanolone effect. Furthermore, allopregnanolone-mediated inhibition of 4-AP-evoked glutamate release was completely abolished in the synaptosomes pretreated with inhibitors of Ca2+ /calmodulin, adenylate cyclase, and protein kinase A (PKA), namely calmidazolium, MDL12330A, and H89, respectively. Additionally, the allopregnanolone effect on evoked glutamate release was antagonized by the GABAA receptor antagonist SR95531. Our data are the first to suggest that allopregnanolone reduce the Ca2+ influx through N-, P/Q-, and R-type Ca2+ channels, through the activation of GABAA receptors present on cerebrocortical nerve terminals, subsequently suppressing the Ca2+ -calmodulin/PKA cascade and decreasing 4-AP-evoked glutamate release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsi Lung Hsieh
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu Kuei Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Su Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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25
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Falcón-Moya R, Losada-Ruiz P, Sihra TS, Rodríguez-Moreno A. Cerebellar Kainate Receptor-Mediated Facilitation of Glutamate Release Requires Ca 2+-Calmodulin and PKA. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:195. [PMID: 29928192 PMCID: PMC5997777 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We elucidated the mechanisms underlying the kainate receptor (KAR)-mediated facilitatory modulation of synaptic transmission in the cerebellum. In cerebellar slices, KA (3 μM) increased the amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) at synapses between axon terminals of parallel fibers (PF) and Purkinje neurons. KA-mediated facilitation was antagonized by NBQX under condition where AMPA receptors were previously antagonized. Inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) suppressed the effect of KA on glutamate release, which was also obviated by the prior stimulation of adenylyl cyclase (AC). KAR-mediated facilitation of synaptic transmission was prevented by blocking Ca2+ permeant KARs using philanthotoxin. Furthermore, depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores by thapsigargin, or inhibition of Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release by ryanodine, abrogated the synaptic facilitation by KA. Thus, the KA-mediated modulation was conditional on extracellular Ca2+ entry through Ca2+-permeable KARs, as well as and mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Finally, KAR-mediated facilitation was sensitive to calmodulin inhibitors, W-7 and calmidazolium, indicating that the increased cytosolic [Ca2+] sustaining KAR-mediated facilitation of synaptic transmission operates through a downstream Ca2+/calmodulin coupling. We conclude that, at cerebellar parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses, presynaptic KARs mediate glutamate release facilitation, and thereby enhance synaptic transmission through Ca2+-calmodulin dependent activation of adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Falcón-Moya
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Celular y Plasticidad, Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Losada-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Celular y Plasticidad, Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Talvinder S Sihra
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Celular y Plasticidad, Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
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26
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Negrete-Díaz JV, Sihra TS, Flores G, Rodríguez-Moreno A. Non-canonical Mechanisms of Presynaptic Kainate Receptors Controlling Glutamate Release. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:128. [PMID: 29731708 PMCID: PMC5920280 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A metabotropic modus operandi for kainate receptors (KARs) was first discovered in 1998 modulating GABA release. These receptors have been also found to modulate glutamate release at different synapses in several brain regions. Mechanistically, a general biphasic mechanism for modulating glutamate release by presynaptic KARs with metabotropic actions has emerged, with low KA concentrations invoking an increase in glutamate release, whereas higher concentrations of KA mediate a decrease in the release of this neurotransmitter. The molecular mechanisms underpinning the opposite modulation of glutamate release are distinct, with a G-protein-independent, adenylate cyclase (AC)- and protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent mechanism mediating the facilitation of glutamate release, while a G-protein dependent mechanism (with or without protein kinase recruitment) is involved in the decrease of neurotransmitter release. In the present review, we revisit the mechanisms underlying the non-canonical modus operandi of KARs effecting the bimodal control of glutamatergic transmission in different brain regions, and address the possible functions that this modulation may support.
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Affiliation(s)
- José V Negrete-Díaz
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,División de Ciencias de la Salud e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Talvinder S Sihra
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
- Laboratory of Cellular Neuroscience and Plasticity, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
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27
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Takeda A, Tamano H. The Impact of Synaptic Zn 2+ Dynamics on Cognition and Its Decline. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112411. [PMID: 29135924 PMCID: PMC5713379 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The basal levels of extracellular Zn2+ are in the range of low nanomolar concentrations and less attention has been paid to Zn2+, compared to Ca2+, for synaptic activity. However, extracellular Zn2+ is necessary for synaptic activity. The basal levels of extracellular zinc are age-dependently increased in the rat hippocampus, implying that the basal levels of extracellular Zn2+ are also increased age-dependently and that extracellular Zn2+ dynamics are linked with age-related cognitive function and dysfunction. In the hippocampus, the influx of extracellular Zn2+ into postsynaptic neurons, which is often linked with Zn2+ release from neuron terminals, is critical for cognitive activity via long-term potentiation (LTP). In contrast, the excess influx of extracellular Zn2+ into postsynaptic neurons induces cognitive decline. Interestingly, the excess influx of extracellular Zn2+ more readily occurs in aged dentate granule cells and intracellular Zn2+-buffering, which is assessed with ZnAF-2DA, is weakened in the aged dentate granule cells. Characteristics (easiness) of extracellular Zn2+ influx seem to be linked with the weakened intracellular Zn2+-buffering in the aged dentate gyrus. This paper deals with the impact of synaptic Zn2+ signaling on cognition and its decline in comparison with synaptic Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hanuna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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28
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Bosse KE, Oginsky MF, Susick LL, Ramalingam S, Ferrario CR, Conti AC. Adenylyl Cyclase 1 Is Required for Ethanol-Induced Locomotor Sensitization and Associated Increases in NMDA Receptor Phosphorylation and Function in the Dorsal Medial Striatum. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 363:148-155. [PMID: 28838956 PMCID: PMC5625283 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.242321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroadaptive responses to chronic ethanol, such as behavioral sensitization, are associated with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) recruitment. Ethanol enhances GluN2B-containing NMDAR function and phosphorylation (Tyr-1472) of the GluN2B-NMDAR subunit in the dorsal medial striatum (DMS) through a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent pathway. Ethanol-induced phosphorylation of PKA substrates is partially mediated by calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1), which is enriched in the dorsal striatum. As such, AC1 is poised as an upstream modulator of ethanol-induced DMS neuroadaptations that promote drug responding, and thus represents a therapeutic target. Our hypothesis is that loss of AC1 activity will prevent ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization and associated DMS GluN2B-NMDAR adaptations. We evaluated AC1's contribution to ethanol-evoked locomotor responses and DMS GluN2B-NMDAR phosphorylation and function using AC1 knockout (AC1KO) mice. Results were mechanistically validated with the AC1 inhibitor, NB001. Acute ethanol (2.0 g/kg) locomotor responses in AC1KO and wild-type (WT) mice pretreated with NB001 (10 mg/kg) were comparable to WT ethanol controls. However, repeated ethanol treatment (10 days, 2.5 g/kg) failed to produce sensitization in AC1KO or NB001 pretreated mice, as observed in WT ethanol controls, following challenge exposure (2.0 g/kg). Repeated exposure to ethanol in the sensitization procedure significantly increased pTyr-1472 GluN2B levels and GluN2B-containing NMDAR transmission in the DMS of WT mice. Loss of AC1 signaling impaired ethanol-induced increases in DMS pGluN2B levels and NMDAR-mediated transmission. Together, these data support a critical and specific role for AC1 in striatal signaling that mediates ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization, and identify GluN2B-containing NMDARs as an important AC1 target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Bosse
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.F.O., C.R.F.)
| | - Max F Oginsky
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.F.O., C.R.F.)
| | - Laura L Susick
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.F.O., C.R.F.)
| | - Sailesh Ramalingam
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.F.O., C.R.F.)
| | - Carrie R Ferrario
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.F.O., C.R.F.)
| | - Alana C Conti
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan (K.E.B., L.L.S., S.R., A.C.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (M.F.O., C.R.F.)
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29
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Nogueira RC, Sampaio LDFS. Eye and heart morphogenesis are dependent on melatonin signaling in chick embryos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:3826-3835. [PMID: 28839011 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.159848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Calmodulin is vital for chick embryos morphogenesis in the incubation time 48-66 h when the rudimentary C-shaped heart attains an S-shaped pattern and the optic vesicles develop into optic cups. Melatonin is in the extraembryonic yolk sac of the avian egg; melatonin binds calmodulin. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of melatonin in the formation of the chick embryo optic cups and S-shaped heart, by pharmacological methods and immunoassays. Mel1a melatonin receptor immunofluorescence was distributed in the optic cups and rudimentary hearts. We separated embryonated chicken eggs at 48 h of incubation into basal, control and drug-treated groups, with treatment applied in the egg air sac. At 66 h of incubation, embryos were excised from the eggs and analyzed. Embryos from the basal, control (distilled water), melatonin and 6-chloromelatonin (melatonin receptor agonist) groups had regular optic cups and an S-shaped heart, while those from the calmidazolium (calmodulin inhibitor) group did not. Embryos from the luzindole (melatonin receptor antagonist) and prazosin (Mel1c melatonin receptor antagonist) groups did not have regular optic cups. Embryos from the 4-P-PDOT (Mel1b melatonin receptor antagonist) group did not have an S-shaped heart. Previous application of the melatonin, 6-chloromelatonin or forskolin (adenylate cyclase enhancer) prevented the abnormal appearance of chick embryos from the calmidazolium, luzindole, prazosin and 4-P-PDOT groups. However, 6-chloromelatonin and forskolin only partially prevented the development of defective eye cups in embryos from the calmidazolium group. The results suggested that melatonin modulates chick embryo morphogenesis via calmodulin and membrane receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato C Nogueira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Desenvolvimento do Sistema Nervoso, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará. Av. Augusto Corrêa 1, CEP: 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Lucia de Fatima S Sampaio
- Laboratório de Bioquímica do Desenvolvimento do Sistema Nervoso, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará. Av. Augusto Corrêa 1, CEP: 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
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30
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Yamanaka M, Matsuura T, Pan H, Zhuo M. Calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) contributes to LTP in the insular cortex of adult mice. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00338. [PMID: 28721398 PMCID: PMC5498404 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system is a key form of cortical plasticity. The insular cortex (IC) is known to play important roles in pain perception, aversive memory and mood disorders. LTP has been recently reported in the IC, however, the signaling pathway for IC LTP remains unknown. Here, we investigated the synaptic mechanism of IC LTP. We found that IC LTP induced by the pairing protocol was N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) dependent, and expressed postsynaptically, since paired-pulse ratio (PPR) was not affected. Postsynaptic calcium is important for the induction of post-LTP, since the postsynaptic application of BAPTA completely blocked the induction of LTP. Calcium-activated adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) is required for potentiation. By contrast, AC8 is not required. Inhibition of Ca2+ permeable α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (CP-AMPARs) or protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ) reduced the expression of LTP. Our results suggest that calcium-stimulated AC1, but not AC8, can be a trigger of the induction and maintenance of LTP in the IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Yamanaka
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Haili Pan
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Min Zhuo
- Center for Neuron and Disease, Frontier Institutes of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710049, China.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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31
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Dessauer CW, Watts VJ, Ostrom RS, Conti M, Dove S, Seifert R. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CI. Structures and Small Molecule Modulators of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclases. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:93-139. [PMID: 28255005 PMCID: PMC5394921 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) generate the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Mammalian cells express nine transmembrane AC (mAC) isoforms (AC1-9) and a soluble AC (sAC, also referred to as AC10). This review will largely focus on mACs. mACs are activated by the G-protein Gαs and regulated by multiple mechanisms. mACs are differentially expressed in tissues and regulate numerous and diverse cell functions. mACs localize in distinct membrane compartments and form signaling complexes. sAC is activated by bicarbonate with physiologic roles first described in testis. Crystal structures of the catalytic core of a hybrid mAC and sAC are available. These structures provide detailed insights into the catalytic mechanism and constitute the basis for the development of isoform-selective activators and inhibitors. Although potent competitive and noncompetitive mAC inhibitors are available, it is challenging to obtain compounds with high isoform selectivity due to the conservation of the catalytic core. Accordingly, caution must be exerted with the interpretation of intact-cell studies. The development of isoform-selective activators, the plant diterpene forskolin being the starting compound, has been equally challenging. There is no known endogenous ligand for the forskolin binding site. Recently, development of selective sAC inhibitors was reported. An emerging field is the association of AC gene polymorphisms with human diseases. For example, mutations in the AC5 gene (ADCY5) cause hyperkinetic extrapyramidal motor disorders. Overall, in contrast to the guanylyl cyclase field, our understanding of the (patho)physiology of AC isoforms and the development of clinically useful drugs targeting ACs is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Marco Conti
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Stefan Dove
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Roland Seifert
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
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Tamano H, Koike Y, Nakada H, Shakushi Y, Takeda A. Significance of synaptic Zn 2+ signaling in zincergic and non-zincergic synapses in the hippocampus in cognition. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 38:93-98. [PMID: 26995290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A portion of zinc concentrates in the synaptic vesicles in the brain and is released from glutamatergic (zincergic) neuron terminals. It serves as a signaling factor (in a form of free Zn2+). Both extracellular Zn2+ signaling, which predominantly originates in Zn2+ release from zincergic neuron terminals, and intracellular Zn2+ signaling, which is often linked to extracellular Zn2+ signaling, are involved in hippocampus-dependent memory. At mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal cell synapses and Schaffer collateral-CA1 pyramidal cell synapses, which are zincergic, extracellular Zn2+ signaling leads to intracellular Zn2+ signaling and is involved in learning and memory. At medial perforant pathway-dentate granule cell synapses, which are non-zincergic, intracellular Zn2+ signaling, which originates in the internal stores containing Zn2+, is involved in learning and memory. The blockade of Zn2+ signaling with Zn2+ chelators induces memory deficit, while the optimal amount range of Zn2+ signaling is unknown. It is possible that the degree and frequency of Zn2+ signaling, which determine the increased Zn2+ levels, modulates learning and memory as well as intracellular Ca2+ signaling. To understand the precise role of synaptic Zn2+ signaling in the hippocampus, the present paper summarizes the current knowledge on Zn2+ signaling at zincergic and non-zincergic synapses in the hippocampus in cognition and involvement of zinc transporters and zinc-binding proteins in synaptic Zn2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanuna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuta Koike
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakada
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yukina Shakushi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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Adenylyl cyclase 3 haploinsufficiency confers susceptibility to diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34179. [PMID: 27678003 PMCID: PMC5039768 DOI: 10.1038/srep34179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclase 3 (Adcy3), a member of the mammalian adenylyl cyclase family responsible for generating the second messenger cAMP, has long been known to play an essential role in olfactory signal transduction. Here, we demonstrated that Adcy3 heterozygous null mice displayed increased visceral adiposity in the absence of hyperphagia and developed abnormal metabolic features characterized by impaired insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia, and increased plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines on both chow and high-fat diet (HFD). Of note, HFD decreased the Adcy3 expression in white adipose tissue, liver, and muscle. We also report for the first time that Adcy3 haploinsufficiency resulted in reduced expression of genes involved in thermogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and insulin signaling, with enhanced expression of genes related to adipogenesis in peripheral tissues of mice. In conclusion, these findings suggest that cAMP signals generated by Adcy3 in peripheral tissues may play a pivotal role in modulating obesity and insulin sensitivity.
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Abstract
One approach to examining how higher sensory, motor, and cognitive faculties emerge in the neocortex is to elucidate the underlying wiring principles of the brain during development. The mammalian neocortex is a layered structure generated from a sheet of proliferating ventricular cells that progressively divide to form specific functional areas, such as the primary somatosensory (S1) and motor (M1) cortices. The basic wiring pattern in each of these functional areas is based on a similar framework, but is distinct in detail. Functional specialization in each area derives from a combination of molecular cues within the cortex and neuronal activity-dependent cues provided by innervating axons from the thalamus. One salient feature of neocortical development is the establishment of topographic maps in which neighboring neurons receive input relayed from neighboring sensory afferents. Barrels, which are prominent sensory units in the somatosensory cortex of rodents, have been examined in detail, and data suggest that the initial, gross formation of the barrel map relies on molecular cues, but the refinement of this topography depends on neuronal activity. Several excellent reviews have been published on the patterning and plasticity of the barrel cortex and the precise targeting of ventrobasal thalamic axons. In this review, the authors will focus on the formation and functional maturation of synapses between thalamocortical axons and cortical neurons, an event that coincides with the formation of the barrel map. They will briefly review cortical patterning and the initial targeting of thalamic axons, with an emphasis on recent findings. The rest of the review will be devoted to summarizing their understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying thalamocortical synapse maturation and its role in barrel map formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Inan
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
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Furuya Y, Denda M, Sakane K, Ogusu T, Takahashi S, Magari M, Kanayama N, Morishita R, Tokumitsu H. Identification of striated muscle activator of Rho signaling (STARS) as a novel calmodulin target by a newly developed genome-wide screen. Cell Calcium 2016; 60:32-40. [PMID: 27132186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To search for novel target(s) of the Ca(2+)-signaling transducer, calmodulin (CaM), we performed a newly developed genome-wide CaM interaction screening of 19,676 GST-fused proteins expressed in human. We identified striated muscle activator of Rho signaling (STARS) as a novel CaM target and characterized its CaM binding ability and found that the Ca(2+)/CaM complex interacted stoichiometrically with the N-terminal region (Ala13-Gln35) of STARS in vitro as well as in living cells. Mutagenesis studies identified Ile20 and Trp33 as the essential hydrophobic residues in CaM anchoring. Furthermore, the CaM binding deficient mutant (Ile20Ala, Trp33Ala) of STARS further enhanced its stimulatory effect on SRF-dependent transcriptional activation. These results suggest a connection between Ca(2+)-signaling via excitation-contraction coupling and the regulation of STARS-mediated gene expression in muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusui Furuya
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Miwako Denda
- CellFree Sciences Co., Ltd., Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kyohei Sakane
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ogusu
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Sumio Takahashi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaki Magari
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Naoki Kanayama
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ryo Morishita
- CellFree Sciences Co., Ltd., Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tokumitsu
- Division of Medical Bioengineering, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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Chay A, Zamparo I, Koschinski A, Zaccolo M, Blackwell KT. Control of βAR- and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor-Dependent cAMP Dynamics in Hippocampal Neurons. PLoS Comput Biol 2016; 12:e1004735. [PMID: 26901880 PMCID: PMC4763502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine, a neuromodulator that activates β-adrenergic receptors (βARs), facilitates learning and memory as well as the induction of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Several forms of long-term potentiation (LTP) at the Schaffer collateral CA1 synapse require stimulation of both βARs and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). To understand the mechanisms mediating the interactions between βAR and NMDAR signaling pathways, we combined FRET imaging of cAMP in hippocampal neuron cultures with spatial mechanistic modeling of signaling pathways in the CA1 pyramidal neuron. Previous work implied that cAMP is synergistically produced in the presence of the βAR agonist isoproterenol and intracellular calcium. In contrast, we show that when application of isoproterenol precedes application of NMDA by several minutes, as is typical of βAR-facilitated LTP experiments, the average amplitude of the cAMP response to NMDA is attenuated compared with the response to NMDA alone. Models simulations suggest that, although the negative feedback loop formed by cAMP, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), and type 4 phosphodiesterase may be involved in attenuating the cAMP response to NMDA, it is insufficient to explain the range of experimental observations. Instead, attenuation of the cAMP response requires mechanisms upstream of adenylyl cyclase. Our model demonstrates that Gs-to-Gi switching due to PKA phosphorylation of βARs as well as Gi inhibition of type 1 adenylyl cyclase may underlie the experimental observations. This suggests that signaling by β-adrenergic receptors depends on temporal pattern of stimulation, and that switching may represent a novel mechanism for recruiting kinases involved in synaptic plasticity and memory. Noradrenaline is a stress related molecule that facilitates learning and memory when released in the hippocampus. The facilitation of memory is related to modulation of synaptic plasticity, but the mechanisms underlying this modulation are not well understood. We utilize a combination of live cell imaging and computational modeling to discover how noradrenergic receptor stimulation interacts with other molecules, such as calcium, required for synaptic plasticity and memory storage. Though prior work has shown that noradrenergic receptors and calcium interact synergistically to elevate intracellular second messengers when combined simultaneously, our results demonstrate that prior stimulation of noradrenergic receptors inhibits the elevation of intracellular second messengers. Our results further demonstrate that the inhibition may be caused by the noradrenergic receptor switching signaling pathways, thereby recruiting a different set of memory kinases. This switching represents a novel mechanism for recruiting molecules involved in synaptic plasticity and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chay
- Molecular Neuroscience Department, Krasnow Institute, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
| | | | - Andreas Koschinski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kim T. Blackwell
- Molecular Neuroscience Department, Krasnow Institute, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Bosse KE, Charlton JL, Susick LL, Newman B, Eagle AL, Mathews TA, Perrine SA, Conti AC. Deficits in behavioral sensitization and dopaminergic responses to methamphetamine in adenylyl cyclase 1/8-deficient mice. J Neurochem 2015; 135:1218-31. [PMID: 26146906 PMCID: PMC5049486 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cAMP/protein kinase A pathway regulates methamphetamine (METH)-induced neuroplasticity underlying behavioral sensitization. We hypothesize that adenylyl cyclases (AC) 1/8 mediate these neuroplastic events and associated striatal dopamine regulation. Locomotor responses to METH (1 and 5 mg/kg) and striatal dopamine function were evaluated in mice lacking AC 1/8 (DKO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Only 5 mg/kg METH induced an acute locomotor response in DKO mice, which was significantly attenuated versus WT controls. DKO mice showed a marked attenuation in the development and expression of METH-induced behavioral sensitization across doses relative to WT controls. While basal and acute METH (5 mg/kg)-evoked accumbal dialysate dopamine levels were similar between genotypes, saline-treated DKO mice showed elevated tissue content of dopamine and homovanillic acid in the dorsal striatum (DS), reflecting dysregulated dopamine homeostasis and/or metabolism. Significant reductions in DS dopamine levels were observed in METH-sensitized DKO mice compared to saline-treated controls, an effect not observed in WT mice. Notably, saline-treated DKO mice had significantly increased phosphorylated Dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein levels, which were not further augmented following METH sensitization, as observed in WT mice. These data indicate that AC 1/8 are critical to mechanisms subserving drug-induced behavioral sensitization and mediate nigrostriatal pathway METH sensitivity. Calcium/calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms 1 and 8 were studied for their involvement in the adaptive neurobehavioral responses to methamphetamine. AC 1/8 double knockout (DKO) mice showed heightened basal locomotor activity and dorsal striatal dopamine responsivity. Conversely, methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity was attenuated in DKO mice, accompanied by reductions in dopamine and HVA content and impaired DARPP-32 activation. These findings indicate AC 1/8 signaling regulates the sensitivity of the nigrostriatal pathway subserving stimulant and neuroadaptive sensitizing effects of methamphetamine. 3-MT, 3-methoxytyramine; Ca(2+), calcium; CaM, calmodulin; cdk5; cyclin-dependent kinase 5; DA, dopamine; DARPP-32, dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein; D1R, dopamine D1 receptor; HVA, homovanillic acid; PKA, protein kinase A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Bosse
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer L Charlton
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura L Susick
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Brooke Newman
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew L Eagle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tiffany A Mathews
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Shane A Perrine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alana C Conti
- Research & Development, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Overexpression of the type 1 adenylyl cyclase in the forebrain leads to deficits of behavioral inhibition. J Neurosci 2015; 35:339-51. [PMID: 25568126 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2478-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 1 adenylyl cyclase (AC1) is an activity-dependent, calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase expressed in the nervous system that is implicated in memory formation. We examined the locomotor activity, and impulsive and social behaviors of AC1+ mice, a transgenic mouse strain overexpressing AC1 in the forebrain. Here we report that AC1+ mice exhibit hyperactive behaviors and demonstrate increased impulsivity and reduced sociability. In contrast, AC1 and AC8 double knock-out mice are hypoactive, and exhibit increased sociability and reduced impulsivity. Interestingly, the hyperactivity of AC1+ mice can be corrected by valproate, a mood-stabilizing drug. These data indicate that increased expression of AC1 in the forebrain leads to deficits in behavioral inhibition.
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Suzuki A, Lee LJ, Hayashi Y, Muglia L, Itohara S, Erzurumlu RS, Iwasato T. Thalamic adenylyl cyclase 1 is required for barrel formation in the somatosensory cortex. Neuroscience 2015; 290:518-29. [PMID: 25644422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP signaling is critical for activity-dependent refinement of neuronal circuits. Global disruption of adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1), the major calcium/calmodulin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase in the brain, impairs formation of whisker-related discrete neural modules (the barrels) in cortical layer 4 in mice. Since AC1 is expressed both in the thalamus and the neocortex, the question of whether pre- or postsynaptic (or both) AC1 plays a role in barrel formation has emerged. Previously, we generated cortex-specific AC1 knockout (Cx-AC1KO) mice and found that these animals develop histologically normal barrels, suggesting a potentially more prominent role for thalamic AC1 in barrel formation. To determine this, we generated three new lines of mice: one in which AC1 is disrupted in nearly half of the thalamic ventrobasal nucleus cells in addition to the cortical excitatory neurons (Cx/pTh-AC1KO mouse), and another in which AC1 is disrupted in the thalamus but not in the cortex or brainstem nuclei of the somatosensory system (Th-AC1KO mouse). Cx/pTh-AC1KO mice show severe deficits in barrel formation. Th-AC1KO mice show even more severe disruption in barrel patterning. In these two lines, single thalamocortical (TC) axon labeling revealed a larger lateral extent of TC axons in layer 4 compared to controls. In the third line, all calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclases (both AC1 and AC8) are deleted in cortical excitatory neurons. These mice have normal barrels. Taken together, these results indicate that thalamic AC1 plays a major role in patterning and refinement of the mouse TC circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suzuki
- Division of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - L-J Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y Hayashi
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science (BSI) Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - L Muglia
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - S Itohara
- Laboratory for Behavioral Genetics, RIKEN Brain Science (BSI) Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - R S Erzurumlu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201-1075, USA
| | - T Iwasato
- Division of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
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GluA1 phosphorylation contributes to postsynaptic amplification of neuropathic pain in the insular cortex. J Neurosci 2015; 34:13505-15. [PMID: 25274827 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1431-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term potentiation of glutamatergic transmission has been observed after physiological learning or pathological injuries in different brain regions, including the spinal cord, hippocampus, amygdala, and cortices. The insular cortex is a key cortical region that plays important roles in aversive learning and neuropathic pain. However, little is known about whether excitatory transmission in the insular cortex undergoes plastic changes after peripheral nerve injury. Here, we found that peripheral nerve ligation triggered the enhancement of AMPA receptor (AMPAR)-mediated excitatory synaptic transmission in the insular cortex. The synaptic GluA1 subunit of AMPAR, but not the GluA2/3 subunit, was increased after nerve ligation. Genetic knock-in mice lacking phosphorylation of the Ser845 site, but not that of the Ser831 site, blocked the enhancement of the synaptic GluA1 subunit, indicating that GluA1 phosphorylation at the Ser845 site by protein kinase A (PKA) was critical for this upregulation after nerve injury. Furthermore, A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150 (AKAP79/150) and PKA were translocated to the synapses after nerve injury. Genetic deletion of adenylyl cyclase subtype 1 (AC1) prevented the translocation of AKAP79/150 and PKA, as well as the upregulation of synaptic GluA1-containing AMPARs. Pharmacological inhibition of calcium-permeable AMPAR function in the insular cortex reduced behavioral sensitization caused by nerve injury. Our results suggest that the expression of AMPARs is enhanced in the insular cortex after nerve injury by a pathway involving AC1, AKAP79/150, and PKA, and such enhancement may at least in part contribute to behavioral sensitization together with other cortical regions, such as the anterior cingulate and the prefrontal cortices.
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Region-Specific Disruption of Adenylate Cyclase Type 1 Gene Differentially Affects Somatosensorimotor Behaviors in Mice(1,2,3). eNeuro 2014; 1:eN-NWR-0007-14. [PMID: 26464960 PMCID: PMC4596139 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0007-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuron-specific calcium-stimulated adenylate cyclase 1 (AC1) is important for refinement of topographic maps in the brain. AC1 is expressed at all levels of the somatosensory pathway and global or region-specific gene deletions lead to differential pattern phenotypes. Region-specific adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1) loss of function differentially affects both patterning and sensorimotor behaviors in mice. AC1 is expressed at all levels of the somatosensory pathway and plays a major role in refinement and patterning of topographic sensory maps. Cortex-specific AC1 loss of function (CxAC1KO mice) does not affect barrel patterning and activation of specific barrels corresponding to stimulated whiskers and does not impair sensorimotor behaviors. While global (AC1KO) and thalamus-specific (ThAC1KO) AC1 loss of function leads to absence of barrel patterns, selective whisker stimulation activates topographically aligned cortical loci. Despite functional topography of the whisker-barrel cortex, sensorimotor and social behaviors are impaired, indicating the importance of patterning of topographical sensory maps in the neocortex. ![]()
Adenylate cyclase type I (AC1) is primarily, and, abundantly, expressed in the brain. Intracellular calcium/calmodulin increases regulate AC1 in an activity-dependent manner. Upon stimulation, AC1 produces cAMP and it is involved in the patterning and the refinement of neural circuits. In mice, spontaneous mutations or targeted deletion of the Adcy1 gene, which encodes AC1, resulted in neuronal pattern formation defects. Neural modules in the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex, the barrels, which represent the topographic distribution of the whiskers on the snout, failed to form (Welker et al., 1996; Abdel-Majid et al., 1998). Cortex- or thalamus-specific Adcy1 deletions led to different cortical pattern phenotypes, with thalamus-specific disruption phenotype being more severe (Iwasato et al., 2008; Suzuki et al., 2013). Despite the absence of barrels in the “barrelless”/Adcy1 null mice, thalamocortical terminal bouton density and activation of cortical zones following whisker stimulation were roughly topographic (Abdel-Majid et al., 1998; Gheorghita et al., 2006). To what extent does patterning of the cortical somatosensory body map play a role in sensorimotor behaviors? In this study, we tested mice with global, cortical, or thalamic loss of AC1 function in a battery of sensorimotor and social behavior tests and compared them to mice with all of the whiskers clipped. Contrary to intuitive expectations that any region-specific or global disruption of the AC1 function would lead to similar behavioral phenotypes, we found significant differences in the degree of impairment between these strains.
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Tresguerres M, Barott KL, Barron ME, Roa JN. Established and potential physiological roles of bicarbonate-sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) in aquatic animals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 217:663-72. [PMID: 24574382 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.086157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is a recently recognized source of the signaling molecule cyclic AMP (cAMP) that is genetically and biochemically distinct from the classic G-protein-regulated transmembrane adenylyl cyclases (tmACs). Mammalian sAC is distributed throughout the cytoplasm and it may be present in the nucleus and inside mitochondria. sAC activity is directly stimulated by HCO3(-), and sAC has been confirmed to be a HCO3(-) sensor in a variety of mammalian cell types. In addition, sAC can functionally associate with carbonic anhydrases to act as a de facto sensor of pH and CO2. The two catalytic domains of sAC are related to HCO3(-)-regulated adenylyl cyclases from cyanobacteria, suggesting the cAMP pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for sensing CO2 levels and/or acid/base conditions. Reports of sAC in aquatic animals are still limited but are rapidly accumulating. In shark gills, sAC senses blood alkalosis and triggers compensatory H(+) absorption. In the intestine of bony fishes, sAC modulates NaCl and water absorption. And in sea urchin sperm, sAC may participate in the initiation of flagellar movement and in the acrosome reaction. Bioinformatics and RT-PCR results reveal that sAC orthologs are present in most animal phyla. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the physiological roles of sAC in aquatic animals and suggests additional functions in which sAC may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tresguerres
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Abstract
Recent advances in the AC (adenylate cyclase)/cAMP field reveal overarching roles for the ACs. Whereas few processes are unaffected by cAMP in eukaryotes, ranging from the rapid modulation of ion channel kinetics to the slowest developmental effects, the large number of cellular processes modulated by only three intermediaries, i.e. PKA (protein kinase A), Epacs (exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP) and CNG (cyclic nucleotide-gated) channels, poses the question of how selectivity and fine control is achieved by cAMP. One answer rests on the number of differently regulated and distinctly expressed AC species. Specific ACs are implicated in processes such as insulin secretion, immunological responses, sino-atrial node pulsatility and memory formation, and specific ACs are linked with particular diseased conditions or predispositions, such as cystic fibrosis, Type 2 diabetes and dysrhythmias. However, much of the selectivity and control exerted by cAMP lies in the sophisticated properties of individual ACs, in terms of their coincident responsiveness, dynamic protein scaffolding and organization of cellular microassemblies. The ACs appear to be the centre of highly organized microdomains, where both cAMP and Ca2+, the other major influence on ACs, change in patterns quite discrete from the broad cellular milieu. How these microdomains are organized is beginning to become clear, so that ACs may now be viewed as fundamental signalling centres, whose properties exceed their production of cAMP. In the present review, we summarize how ACs are multiply regulated and the steps that are put in place to ensure discrimination in their signalling. This includes scaffolding of targets and modulators by the ACs and assembling of signalling nexuses in discrete cellular domains. We also stress how these assemblies are cell-specific, context-specific and dynamic, and may be best addressed by targeted biosensors. These perspectives on the organization of ACs uncover new strategies for intervention in systems mediated by cAMP, which promise far more informed specificity than traditional approaches.
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Shpakov AO, Derkach KV. Functional role of membrane-bound adenylyl cyclases and coupled to them receptors and G-proteins in regulation of fertility of spermatozoa. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093014040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wardlaw SM, Phan TX, Saraf A, Chen X, Storm DR. Genetic disruption of the core circadian clock impairs hippocampus-dependent memory. Learn Mem 2014; 21:417-23. [PMID: 25034823 PMCID: PMC4105720 DOI: 10.1101/lm.035451.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Perturbing the circadian system by electrolytically lesioning the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) or varying the environmental light:dark schedule impairs memory, suggesting that memory depends on the circadian system. We used a genetic approach to evaluate the role of the molecular clock in memory. Bmal1-/- mice, which are arrhythmic under constant conditions, were examined for hippocampus-dependent memory, LTP at the Schaffer-collateral synapse, and signal transduction activity in the hippocampus. Bmal1-/- mice exhibit impaired contextual fear and spatial memory. Furthermore, LTP in hippocampal slices from Bmal1-/- mice is also significantly decreased relative to that from wild-type mice. Activation of Erk1,2 MAP kinase (MAPK) during training for contextual fear memory and diurnal oscillation of MAPK activity and cAMP in the hippocampus is also lost in Bmal1-/- mice, suggesting that the memory defects are due to reduction of the memory consolidation pathway in the hippocampus. We conclude that critical signaling events in the hippocampus required for memory depend on BMAL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Wardlaw
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7750, USA
| | - Trongha X Phan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7750, USA
| | - Amit Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7750, USA
| | - Xuanmao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7750, USA
| | - Daniel R Storm
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7750, USA
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Sears RM, Schiff HC, LeDoux JE. Molecular Mechanisms of Threat Learning in the Lateral Nucleus of the Amygdala. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2014; 122:263-304. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420170-5.00010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Learning and memory require the formation of new neural networks in the brain. A key mechanism underlying this process is synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses, which connect neurons into networks. Excitatory synaptic transmission happens when glutamate, the excitatory neurotransmitter, activates receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. Synaptic plasticity is a higher-level process in which the strength of excitatory synapses is altered in response to the pattern of activity at the synapse. It is initiated in the postsynaptic compartment, where the precise pattern of influx of calcium through activated glutamate receptors leads either to the addition of new receptors and enlargement of the synapse (long-term potentiation) or the removal of receptors and shrinkage of the synapse (long-term depression). Calcium/calmodulin-regulated enzymes and small GTPases collaborate to control this highly tuned mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Kennedy
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
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Kim BJ, Lee YS, Lee SY, Park SY, Dieplinger H, Yea K, Lee SH, Koh JM, Kim GS. Afamin stimulates osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via Gi-coupled receptor and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) pathways. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:876-82. [PMID: 23698732 DOI: 10.3275/8975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afamin was recently identified as a novel osteoclast-derived coupling factor that can stimulate the in vitro and in vivo migration of preosteoblasts. AIM In order to understand in more detail the biological roles of afamin in bone metabolism, we investigated its effects on osteoclastic differentiation and bone resorption. METHODS Osteoclasts were differentiated from mouse bone marrow cells. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells were considered as osteoclasts, and the resorption area was determined by incubating the cells on dentine discs. The intracellular cAMP level was determined using a direct enzyme immunoassay. Signaling pathways were investigated using western blot and RT-PCR. Recombinant afamin was administered exogenously to bone cell cultures. RESULTS Afamin stimulated both osteoclastogenesis and in vitro bone resorption. Consistently, the expressions of osteoclast differentiation markers were significantly increased by afamin. Although afamin mainly affected the late-differentiation stages of osteoclastogenesis, the expression levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-dependent signals were not changed. Afamin markedly decreased the levels of intracellular cAMP with reversal by pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX), a specific inhibitor of Gi-coupled receptor signaling. In addition, PTX almost completely blocked afamin-stimulated osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, pretreatment with KN93 and STO609 - Ca2+/cal - mo dulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK) and CaMK kinase inhibitors, respectively - significantly prevented decreases in the intracellular cAMP level by afamin while attenuating afamin-stimulated osteoclastogenesis. CONCLUSION Afamin enhances osteoclastogenesis by decreasing intracellular cAMP levels via Gi-coupled receptor and CaMK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap2- Dong, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea
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An improved targeted cAMP sensor to study the regulation of adenylyl cyclase 8 by Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated channels. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75942. [PMID: 24086669 PMCID: PMC3781085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe an improved sensor with reduced pH sensitivity tethered to adenylyl cyclase (AC) 8. The sensor was used to study cAMP dynamics in the AC8 microdomain of MIN6 cells, a pancreatic β-cell line. In these cells, AC8 was activated by Ca(2+) entry through L-type voltage-gated channels following depolarisation. This activation could be reconstituted in HEK293 cells co-expressing AC8 and either the α1C or α1D subunit of L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. The development of this improved sensor opens the door to the study of cAMP microdomains in excitable cells that have previously been challenging due to the sensitivity of fluorescent proteins to pH changes.
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González-Andrade M, Mata R, Madariaga-Mazón A, Rodríguez-Sotres R, Del Pozo-Yauner L, Sosa-Peinado A. Importance of the interaction protein-protein of the CaM-PDE1A and CaM-MLCK complexes in the development of new anti-CaM drugs. J Mol Recognit 2013; 26:165-74. [PMID: 23456740 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions play central roles in physiological and pathological processes. The bases of the mechanisms of drug action are relevant to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. This work focuses on understanding the interactions in protein-protein-ligands complexes, using proteins calmodulin (CaM), human calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A active human (PDE1A), and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and ligands αII-spectrin peptide (αII-spec), and two inhibitors of CaM (chlorpromazine (CPZ) and malbrancheamide (MBC)). The interaction was monitored with a fluorescent biosensor of CaM (hCaM M124C-mBBr). The results showed changes in the affinity of CPZ and MBC depending on the CaM-protein complex under analysis. For the Ca(2+) -CaM, Ca(2+) -CaM-PDE1A, and Ca(2+) -CaM-MLCK complexes, CPZ apparent dissociation constants (Kds ) were 1.11, 0.28, and 0.55 μM, respectively; and for MBC Kds were 1.43, 1.10, and 0.61 μM, respectively. In competition experiments the addition of calmodulin binding peptide 1 (αII-spec) to Ca(2+) -hCaM M124C-mBBr quenched the fluorescence (Kd = 2.55 ± 1.75 pM) and the later addition of MBC (up to 16 μM) did not affect the fluorescent signal. Instead, the additions of αII-spec to a preformed Ca(2+) -hCaM M124C-mBBr-MBC complex modified the fluorescent signal. However, MBC was able to displace the PDE1A and MLCK from its complex with Ca(2+) -CaM. In addition, docking studies were performed for all complexes with both ligands showing an excellent correlation with experimental data. These experiments may help to explain why in vivo many CaM drugs target prefer only a subset of the Ca(2+) -CaM regulated proteins and adds to the understanding of molecular interactions between protein complexes and small ligands.
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