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Cadena-Ramos AI, De-la-Peña C. Picky eaters: selective autophagy in plant cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:364-384. [PMID: 37864806 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, a fundamental cellular process, plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by degrading damaged or unnecessary components. While selective autophagy has been extensively studied in animal cells, its significance in plant cells has only recently gained attention. In this review, we delve into the intriguing realm selective autophagy in plants, with specific focus on its involvement in nutrient recycling, organelle turnover, and stress response. Moreover, recent studies have unveiled the interesting interplay between selective autophagy and epigenetic mechanisms in plants, elucidating the significance of epigenetic regulation in modulating autophagy-related gene expression and finely tuning the selective autophagy process in plants. By synthesizing existing knowledge, this review highlights the emerging field of selective autophagy in plant cells, emphasizing its pivotal role in maintaining nutrient homeostasis, facilitating cellular adaptation, and shedding light on the epigenetic regulation that governs these processes. Our comprehensive study provides the way for a deeper understanding of the dynamic control of cellular responses to nutrient availability and stress conditions, opening new avenues for future research in this field of autophagy in plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis I Cadena-Ramos
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Clelia De-la-Peña
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34 Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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2
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Inflammation, Fibrosis and Cancer: Mechanisms, Therapeutic Options and Challenges. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030552. [PMID: 35158821 PMCID: PMC8833582 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation is a salient factor in multiple chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. In this review, we provided an in-depth analysis of the relationships and distinctions between uncontrolled inflammation, fibrosis and cancers, while emphasizing the challenges and opportunities of developing novel therapies for the treatment and/or management of these diseases. We described how drug delivery systems, combination therapy and the integration of tissue-targeted and/or pathways selective strategies could overcome the challenges of current agents for managing and/or treating chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. We also recognized the value of the re-evaluation of the disease-specific roles of multiple pathways implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers-as well as the application of data from single-cell RNA sequencing in the success of future drug discovery endeavors.
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3
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Waite KA, Burris A, Vontz G, Lang A, Roelofs J. Proteaphagy is specifically regulated and requires factors dispensable for general autophagy. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101494. [PMID: 34919962 PMCID: PMC8732087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Changing physiological conditions can increase the need for protein degradative capacity in eukaryotic cells. Both the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy contribute to protein degradation. However, these processes can be differently regulated depending on the physiological conditions. Strikingly, proteasomes themselves can be a substrate for autophagy. The signals and molecular mechanisms that govern proteasome autophagy (proteaphagy) are only partly understood. Here, we used immunoblots, native gel analyses, and fluorescent microscopy to understand the regulation of proteaphagy in response to genetic and small molecule-induced perturbations. Our data indicate that chemical inhibition of the master nutrient sensor TORC1 (inhibition of which induces general autophagy) with rapamycin induces a bi-phasic response where proteasome levels are upregulated after an autophagy-dependent reduction. Surprisingly, several conditions that result in inhibited TORC1, such as caffeinine treatment or nitrogen starvation, only induced proteaphagy (i.e., without any proteasome upregulation), suggesting a convergence of signals upstream of proteaphagy under different physiological conditions. Indeed, we found that several conditions that activated general autophagy did not induce proteaphagy, further distinguishing proteaphagy from general autophagy. Consistent with this, we show that Atg11, a selective autophagy receptor, as well as the MAP kinases Mpk1, Mkk1, and Mkk2 all play a role in autophagy of proteasomes, although they are dispensable for general autophagy. Taken together, our data provide new insights into the molecular regulation of proteaphagy by demonstrating that degradation of proteasome complexes is specifically regulated under different autophagy-inducing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenrick A Waite
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Alicia Burris
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA; Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA; Biology & Environmental Health, Missouri Southern State University, Joplin, Missouri, USA
| | - Gabrielle Vontz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Angelica Lang
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Jeroen Roelofs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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4
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Penke LRK, Speth J, Wettlaufer S, Draijer C, Peters-Golden M. Bortezomib Inhibits Lung Fibrosis and Fibroblast Activation Without Proteasome Inhibition. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 66:23-37. [PMID: 34236953 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0112oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The FDA-approved proteasomal inhibitor bortezomib (BTZ) has attracted interest for its potential anti-fibrotic actions. However, neither its in vivo efficacy in lung fibrosis nor its dependence on proteasome inhibition has been conclusively defined. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of BTZ in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis, developed an in vitro protocol to define its actions on diverse fibroblast activation parameters, determined its reliance on proteasome inhibition for these actions in vivo and in vitro and explored alternative mechanisms of action. The therapeutic administration of BTZ diminished the severity of pulmonary fibrosis without reducing proteasome activity in the lung. In experiments designed to mimic this lack of proteasome inhibition in vitro, BTZ reduced fibroblast proliferation, differentiation into myofibroblasts, and collagen synthesis. It promoted de-differentiation of myofibroblasts and overcame their characteristic resistance to apoptosis. Mechanistically, BTZ inhibited kinases important for fibroblast activation while inducing expression of dual-specificity phosphatase 1 or DUSP1, and knockdown of DUSP1 abolished its anti-fibrotic actions in fibroblasts. Collectively, these findings suggest that BTZ exhibits a multidimensional profile of robust inhibitory actions on lung fibroblasts as well as anti-fibrotic actions in vivo. Unexpectedly, these actions appear to be independent of proteasome inhibition, and instead attributable to induction of DUSP1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Speth
- University of Michigan, 1259, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Scott Wettlaufer
- University of Michigan, 1259, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | | | - Marc Peters-Golden
- University of Michigan Health System, 21707, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;
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5
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Jia Y, Gao L, Yang X, Zhang F, Chen A, Wang S, Shao J, Tan S, Zheng S. Blockade of periostin-dependent migration and adhesion by curcumol via inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B signaling in hepatic stellate cells. Toxicology 2020; 440:152475. [PMID: 32344006 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Curcumol, a guaiane-type sesquiterpenoid hemiketal extracted from the herb Rhizoma Curcumae, exhibits multiple-pharmacological activities. We previously reported that curcumol ameliorated hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of curcumol on HSC migration and adhesion, and reveal its regulation mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cellular viability was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8. Cell migration was detected by boyden chamber and cell scratch experiment. Recombinant human periostin (rh POSTN) and adeno-associated viral (AAV)-GFP-periostin were used to achieve POSTN overexpression in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-p65 overexpression was achieved by using plasmid. ELISA was conducted to detect POSTN level. Immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence were performed to assess associated factor expression. RESULTS Curcumol suppressed HSC migration and adhesion, and reduced the secretion and expression of POSTN. By gain of function POSTN in HSCs, using rh POSTN, we found that the inhibition of HSC migration and adhesion by curcumol depended on the decrease of POSTN. Besides, curcumol protection against chronic CCl4-caused hepatic fibrosis could be impaired by POSTN overexpression. Moreover, we showed that curcumol repressed NF-κB signaling and the production of pro-inflammatory factor. Importantly, curcumol down-regulation of POSTN was rescued by knock-in of NF-κB, as well as the inhibition of HSC migration and adhesion. CONCLUSION These findings reveal the molecular mechanism of curcumol-reduced HSC migration and adhesion, by which points to the possibility of using curcumol based on NF-κB dependent POSTN for the treatment of fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Liyuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Shijun Wang
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of TCM Formula, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Shanzhong Tan
- Department of Hepatology, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing Second Hospital, China.
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, China.
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6
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Zhan Y, Liang J, Tian K, Che Z, Wang Z, Yang X, Su Y, Lin X, Song F, Zhao J, Xu J, Liu Q, Zhou B. Vindoline Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis and Prevents Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1587. [PMID: 32038256 PMCID: PMC6987431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic bone diseases, for example postmenopausal osteoporosis, arise from the imbalances between osteoclasts and osteoblasts in the bone remodeling process, whereby osteoclastic bone resorption greatly exceeds osteoblastic bone formation resulting in severe bone loss and deterioration in bone structure and microarchitecture. Therefore, the identification of agents that can inhibit osteoclast formation and/or function for the treatment of osteolytic bone disease has been the focus of bone and orthopedic research. Vindoline (Vin), an indole alkaloid extracted from the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus, has been shown to possess extensive biological and pharmacological benefits, but its effects on bone metabolism remains to be documented. Our study demonstrated for the first time, that Vin could inhibit osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) precursor cells as well as mature osteoclastic bone resorption. We further determined that the underlying molecular mechanism of action of Vin is in part due to its inhibitory effect against the activation of MAPK including p38, JNK, and ERK and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This effect ultimately suppressed the induction of c-Fos and NFATc1, which consequently downregulated the expression of the genes required for osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Consistent with our in vitro findings, in vivo administration of Vin protected mice against ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss and trabecular bone deterioration. These results provided promising evidence for the potential therapeutic application of Vin as a novel treatment option against osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiamin Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kun Tian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhigang Che
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xue Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuangang Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xixi Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fangming Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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7
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Stubba D, Bensinger D, Steinbacher J, Proskurjakov L, Salcedo Gómez Á, Schmidt U, Roth S, Schmitz K, Schmidt B. Cell-Based Optimization of Covalent Reversible Ketoamide Inhibitors Bridging the Unprimed to the Primed Site of the Proteasome β5 Subunit. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:2005-2022. [PMID: 31675179 PMCID: PMC6916368 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an established therapeutic target for approved drugs to treat selected hematologic malignancies. While drug discovery targeting the UPS focuses on irreversibly binding epoxyketones and slowly-reversibly binding boronates, optimization of novel covalent-reversibly binding warheads remains largely unattended. We previously reported α-ketoamides to be a promising reversible lead motif, yet the cytotoxic activity required further optimization. This work focuses on the lead optimization of phenoxy-substituted α-ketoamides combining the structure-activity relationships from the primed and the non-primed site of the proteasome β5 subunit. Our optimization strategy is accompanied by molecular modeling, suggesting occupation of P1' by a 3-phenoxy group to increase β5 inhibition and cytotoxic activity in leukemia cell lines. Key compounds were further profiled for time-dependent inhibition of cellular substrate conversion. Furthermore, the α-ketoamide lead structure 27 does not affect escape response behavior in Danio rerio embryos, in contrast to bortezomib, which suggests increased target specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stubba
- Clemens-Schoepf-Institute for Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Dennis Bensinger
- Clemens-Schoepf-Institute for Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Janika Steinbacher
- Clemens-Schoepf-Institute for Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Lilia Proskurjakov
- Clemens-Schoepf-Institute for Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Álvaro Salcedo Gómez
- Clemens-Schoepf-Institute for Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Uwe Schmidt
- Visual Inference Lab, Department of Computer ScienceTechnische Universität DarmstadtHuchschulstr. 1064289DarmstadtGermany
| | - Stefan Roth
- Visual Inference Lab, Department of Computer ScienceTechnische Universität DarmstadtHuchschulstr. 1064289DarmstadtGermany
| | - Katja Schmitz
- Clemens-Schoepf-Institute for Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 464287DarmstadtGermany
| | - Boris Schmidt
- Clemens-Schoepf-Institute for Organic Chemistry & BiochemistryTechnische Universität DarmstadtAlarich-Weiss-Str. 464287DarmstadtGermany
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8
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Ettari R, Pallio G, Pizzino G, Irrera N, Zappalà M, Maiorana S, Di Chio C, Altavilla D, Squadrito F, Bitto A. Non-covalent immunoproteasome inhibitors induce cell cycle arrest in multiple myeloma MM.1R cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1307-1313. [PMID: 31307247 PMCID: PMC6691773 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1594802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibition is a promising strategy for the treatment of multiple myeloma; unfortunately, this disease is often associated with an increasing chemoresistance. One novel approach may be to target the immunoproteasome, a proteasomal isoform mainly present in cells of hematopoietic origin. We investigated the activity of a panel of amides against immunoproteasome core particles as potential agents for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). Amide 6 showed an ideal profile since it was able to inhibit both the chymotrypsin-like activities of the immunoproteasome with Ki values of 4.90 µM and 4.39 µM for β1i and β5i, respectively, coupled with an EC50 =17.8 µM against MM.1R cells. Compound 6 inhibited also ubiquitinated protein degradation and was able to act on different phases of MM cell cycle reducing the levels of cyclin A/CDK1, cyclin B/CDK1 and cyclin D/CDK4/6 complexes, which turns in cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Ettari
- a Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Giovanni Pallio
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Gabriele Pizzino
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Natasha Irrera
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Maria Zappalà
- a Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Santina Maiorana
- a Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Carla Di Chio
- a Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Domenica Altavilla
- c Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry, and Morphofunctional Sciences , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Francesco Squadrito
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Alessandra Bitto
- b Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
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9
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Alkharabsheh O, Sidiqi MH, Aljama MA, Gertz MA, Frankel AE. The Human Microbiota in Multiple Myeloma and Proteasome Inhibitors. Acta Haematol 2019; 143:118-123. [PMID: 31311009 DOI: 10.1159/000500976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a significant role in health and disease, including cancer development and treatment. The importance of the gut microbiota in the efficacy and toxicity of novel therapies and immunotherapy is increasingly recognized. Plasma cells in multiple myeloma have the potential to survive in the gastrointestinal tract for long periods of time. The nature of the gut microbiota impacts the degree of antigen stimulation of these cells and may play a role in mutation development and clonal evolution. Furthermore, myeloma therapies such as proteasome inhibitors and alkylating agents, commonly used to treat patients, are frequently associated with gastrointestinal adverse events. Herein we review the gut microbiota and its role in hematopoiesis, pathogenesis of myeloma, and efficacy/toxicity of anti-myeloma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Alkharabsheh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA,
| | - M Hasib Sidiqi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mohammed A Aljama
- Division of Malignant Hematology, Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morie A Gertz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Arthur E Frankel
- Division of Medical Oncology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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10
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Golonko A, Pienkowski T, Swislocka R, Lazny R, Roszko M, Lewandowski W. Another look at phenolic compounds in cancer therapy the effect of polyphenols on ubiquitin-proteasome system. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 167:291-311. [PMID: 30776692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) have been the object of research interests for many years because of their potential as anti-cancer agents. Research in this field is aimed at improving the specificity and safety of known proteasome inhibitors. Unfortunately, in vitro conditions do not reflect the processes taking place in the human body. Recent reports indicate that the components of human plasma affect the course of many signaling pathways, proteasome activity and the effectiveness of synthetic cytostatic drugs. Therefore, it is believed that the key issue is to determine the effects of components of the human diet, including effects of chemically active polyphenols on the ubiquitin-proteasome system activity in both physiological and pathological (cancerous) states. The following article summarizes the current knowledge on the direct and indirect synergistic and antagonistic effects between polyphenolic compounds present in the human diet and the efficiency of protein degradation via the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Golonko
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pienkowski
- Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Renata Swislocka
- Bialystok University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Wiejska 45E, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ryszard Lazny
- Institut of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marek Roszko
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Lewandowski
- Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532, Warsaw, Poland.
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11
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Puar YR, Shanmugam MK, Fan L, Arfuso F, Sethi G, Tergaonkar V. Evidence for the Involvement of the Master Transcription Factor NF-κB in Cancer Initiation and Progression. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6030082. [PMID: 30060453 PMCID: PMC6163404 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is responsible for the regulation of a large number of genes that are involved in important physiological processes, including survival, inflammation, and immune responses. At the same time, this transcription factor can control the expression of a plethora of genes that promote tumor cell proliferation, survival, metastasis, inflammation, invasion, and angiogenesis. The aberrant activation of this transcription factor has been observed in several types of cancer and is known to contribute to aggressive tumor growth and resistance to therapeutic treatment. Although NF-κB has been identified to be a major contributor to cancer initiation and development, there is evidence revealing its role in tumor suppression. This review briefly highlights the major mechanisms of NF-κB activation, the role of NF-κB in tumor promotion and suppression, as well as a few important pharmacological strategies that have been developed to modulate NF-κB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Rou Puar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Lu Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Frank Arfuso
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
- Centre for Cancer Biology (University of South Australia and SA Pathology), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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12
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Down‐regulation of intracellular anti‐apoptotic proteins, particularly c‐FLIP by therapeutic agents; the novel view to overcome resistance to TRAIL. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6470-6485. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Chemotherapy induces expression and release of heparanase leading to changes associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype. Matrix Biol 2016; 55:22-34. [PMID: 27016342 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High heparanase expression is associated with enhanced tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis in many types of cancer. However, the mechanisms driving high heparanase expression are not fully understood. In the present study, we discovered that drugs used in the treatment of myeloma upregulate heparanase expression. Frontline anti-myeloma drugs, bortezomib and carfilzomib activate the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway to trigger heparanase expression in tumor cells. Blocking the NF-κB pathway diminished this chemotherapy-induced upregulation of heparanase expression. Activated NF-κB signaling was also found to drive high heparanase expression in drug resistant myeloma cell lines. In addition to enhancing heparanase expression, chemotherapy also caused release of heparanase by tumor cells into the conditioned medium. This soluble heparanase was taken up by macrophages and triggered an increase in TNF-α production. Heparanase is also taken up by tumor cells where it induced expression of HGF, VEGF and MMP-9 and activated ERK and Akt signaling pathways. These changes induced by heparanase are known to be associated with the promotion of an aggressive tumor phenotype. Importantly, the heparanase inhibitor Roneparstat diminished the uptake and the downstream effects of soluble heparanase. Together, these discoveries reveal a novel mechanism whereby chemotherapy upregulates heparanase, a known promoter of myeloma growth, and suggest that therapeutic targeting of heparanase during anti-cancer therapy may improve patient outcome.
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Skalniak L, Dziendziel M, Jura J. MCPIP1 contributes to the toxicity of proteasome inhibitor MG-132 in HeLa cells by the inhibition of NF-κB. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 395:253-63. [PMID: 24992982 PMCID: PMC4131145 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2134-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that the treatment of cells with proteasome inhibitor MG-132 results in the induction of expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 induced protein 1 (MCPIP1). MCPIP1 is a ribonuclease, responsible for the degradation of transcripts encoding certain pro-inflammatory cytokines. The protein is also known as an inhibitor of NF-κB transcription factor. Thanks to its molecular properties, MCPIP1 is considered as a regulator of inflammation, differentiation, and survival. Using siRNA technology, we show here that MCPIP1 expression contributes to the toxic properties of MG-132 in HeLa cells. The inhibition of proteasome by MG-132 and epoxomicin markedly increased MCPIP1 expression. While MG-132 induces HeLa cell death, down-regulation of MCPIP1 expression by siRNA partially protects HeLa cells from MG-132 toxicity and restores Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity, inhibited by MG-132 treatment. Inversely, overexpression of MCPIP1 decreased constitutive activity of NF-κB and limited the survival of HeLa cells, as we have shown in the previous study. Interestingly, although MG-132 decreased the expression of IκBα and increased p65 phosphorylation, the inhibition of constitutive NF-κB activity was observed in MG-132-treated cells. Since the elevated constitutive activity of NF-κB is one of the mechanisms providing increased survival of cancer cells, including HeLa cells, we propose that death-promoting properties of MCPIP1 in MG-132-treated HeLa cells may, at least partially, derive from the negative effect on the constitutive NF-κB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Skalniak
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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15
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Škrott Z, Cvek B. Linking the activity of bortezomib in multiple myeloma and autoimmune diseases. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2014; 92:61-70. [PMID: 24890785 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their introduction to the clinic 10 years ago, proteasome inhibitors have become the cornerstone of anti-multiple myeloma therapy. Despite significant progress in understanding the consequences of proteasome inhibition, the unique activity of bortezomib is still unclear. Disappointing results from clinical trials with bortezomib in other malignancies raise the question of what makes multiple myeloma so sensitive to proteasome inhibition. Successful administration of bortezomib in various immunological disorders that exhibit high antibody production suggests that the balance between protein synthesis and degradation is a key determinant of sensitivity to proteasome inhibition because a high rate of protein production is a shared characteristic in plasma and myeloma cells. Initial or acquired resistance to bortezomib remains a major obstacle in the clinic as in vitro data from cell lines suggest a key role for the β5 subunit mutation in resistance; however the mutation was not found in patient samples. Recent studies indicate the importance of selecting for a subpopulation of cells that produce lower amounts of paraprotein during bortezomib therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Škrott
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Boris Cvek
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Slechtitelu 11, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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16
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Lee KH, Jeong J, Yoo CG. Long-term incubation with proteasome inhibitors (PIs) induces IκBα degradation via the lysosomal pathway in an IκB kinase (IKK)-dependent and IKK-independent manner. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32777-32786. [PMID: 24085292 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.480921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors (PIs) have been reported to induce apoptosis in many types of tumor. Their apoptotic activities have been suggested to be associated with the up-regulation of molecules implicated in pro-apoptotic cascades such as p53, p21(Waf1), and p27(Kip1). Moreover, the blocking of NF-κB nuclear translocation via the stabilization of IκB is an important mechanism of PI-induced apoptosis. However, we found that long-term incubation with PIs (PS-341 or MG132) increased NF-κB-regulated gene expression such as COX-2, cIAP2, XIAP, and IL-8 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which was mediated by phosphorylation of IκBα and its subsequent degradation via the alternative route, lysosome. Overexpression of the IκBα superrepressor (IκBα-SR) blocked PI-induced NF-κB activation. Treatment with lysosomal inhibitors (ammonium chloride or chloroquine) or inhibitors of cathepsins (Z-FF-FMK or Z-FA-FMK) or knock-down of LC3B expression by siRNAs suppressed PI-induced IκBα degradation. Furthermore, we found that both IKK-dependent and IKK-independent pathways were required for PI-induced IκBα degradation. Pretreatment with IKKβ specific inhibitor, SC-514, partially suppressed IκBα degradation and IL-8 production by PIs. Blockade of IKK activity using insolubilization by heat shock (HS) and knock-down by siRNAs for IKKβ only delayed IκBα degradation up to 8 h after treatment with PIs. In addition, PIs induced Akt-dependent inactivation of GSK-3β. Inactive GSK-3β accelerated PI-induced IκBα degradation. Overexpression of active GSK-3β (S9A) or knock-down of GSK-3β delayed PI-induced IκBα degradation. Collectively, our data demonstrate that long-term incubation with PIs activates NF-κB, which is mediated by IκBα degradation via the lysosome in an IKK-dependent and IKK-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Hee Lee
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; the Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea; the Lung Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jiyeong Jeong
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; the Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea; the Lung Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Chul-Gyu Yoo
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine; the Clinical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea; the Lung Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
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17
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Manna S, Singha B, Phyo SA, Gatla HR, Chang TP, Sanacora S, Ramaswami S, Vancurova I. Proteasome inhibition by bortezomib increases IL-8 expression in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells: the role of IKKα. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2837-46. [PMID: 23894194 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the proinflammatory and proangiogenic chemokine IL-8, which is regulated at the transcriptional level by NF-κB, is constitutively increased in androgen-independent metastatic prostate cancer and correlates with poor prognosis. Inhibition of NF-κB-dependent transcription was used as an anticancer strategy for the development of the first clinically approved 26S proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib (BZ). Even though BZ has shown remarkable antitumor activity in hematological malignancies, it has been less effective in prostate cancer and other solid tumors; however, the mechanisms have not been fully understood. In this article, we report that proteasome inhibition by BZ unexpectedly increases IL-8 expression in androgen-independent prostate cancer PC3 and DU145 cells, whereas expression of other NF-κB-regulated genes is inhibited or unchanged. The BZ-increased IL-8 expression is associated with increased in vitro p65 NF-κB DNA binding activity and p65 recruitment to the endogenous IL-8 promoter. In addition, proteasome inhibition induces a nuclear accumulation of IκB kinase (IKK)α, and inhibition of IKKα enzymatic activity significantly attenuates the BZ-induced p65 recruitment to IL-8 promoter and IL-8 expression, demonstrating that the induced IL-8 expression is mediated, at least partly, by IKKα. Together, these data provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, for the gene-specific increase of IL-8 expression by proteasome inhibition in prostate cancer cells and suggest that targeting both IKKα and the proteasome may increase BZ effectiveness in treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Manna
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA
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18
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Sorolla A, Yeramian A, Valls J, Dolcet X, Bergadà L, Llombart-Cussac A, Martí RM, Matias-Guiu X. Blockade of NFκB activity by Sunitinib increases cell death in Bortezomib-treated endometrial carcinoma cells. Mol Oncol 2012; 6:530-41. [PMID: 22819259 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2012.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies in the female genital tract, usually treated by surgery and radiotherapy. Chemotherapy is used when endometrial carcinoma is associated with widespread metastasis or when the tumor recurs after radiation therapy. In the present study, we demonstrate that the tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor Sunitinib reduces cell viability, proliferation, clonogenicity and induces apoptotic cell death in endometrial carcinoma cell lines, which is not due to its action through the most known targets like VEGFR, nor through EGFR as demonstrated in this work. Interestingly, Sunitinib reduces NFκB transcriptional activity either at basal level or activation by EGF or TNF-α. We observed that Sunitinib was able to inhibit the Bortezomib-induced NFκB transcriptional activity which correlates with a decrease of the phosphorylated levels of IKKα and β, p65 and IκBα. We evaluated the nature of the interaction between Sunitinib and Bortezomib by the dose effect method and identified a synergistic effect (combination index < 1). Analogously, silencing of p65 expression by lentiviral-mediated short-hairpin RNA delivery in Bortezomib treated cells leads to a strongly increased sensitivity to Bortezomib apoptotic cell death. Altogether our results suggest that the combination of Sunitinib and Bortezomib could be considered a promising treatment for endometrial carcinoma after failure of surgery and radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Sorolla
- Pathology Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRB-Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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19
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Monoubiquitination of nuclear RelA negatively regulates NF-κB activity independent of proteasomal degradation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2057-73. [PMID: 22261743 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Termination and resolution of inflammation are tightly linked to the inactivation of one of its strongest inducers, NF-κB. While canonical post-stimulus inactivation is achieved by upregulation of inhibitory molecules that relocate NF-κB complexes to the cytoplasm, termination of the NF-κB response can also be accomplished directly in the nucleus by posttranslational modifications, e.g., ubiquitination of the RelA subunit. Here we reveal a functional role for RelA monoubiquitination in regulating NF-κB activity. By employing serine-to-alanine mutants, we found that hypo-phosphorylated nuclear RelA is monoubiquitinated on multiple lysine residues. Ubiquitination was reversed by IκBα expression and was reduced when nuclear translocation was inhibited. RelA monoubiquitination decreased NF-κB transcriptional activity despite prolonged nuclear presence and independently of RelA degradation, possibly through decreased CREB-binding protein (CBP) co-activator binding. Polyubiquitin-triggered proteasomal degradation has been proposed as a model for RelA inactivation. However, here we show that proteasomal inhibition, similar to RelA hypo-phosphorylation, resulted in nuclear translocation and monoubiquitination of RelA. These findings indicate a degradation-independent mechanism for regulating the activity of nuclear RelA by ubiquitination.
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20
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Wu CJ, Chou YC, Cheng YW, Hsiao CJ, Wang CH, Wang HY, Sheu JR, Hsiao G. Aristolochic acid downregulates monocytic matrix metalloproteinase-9 by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB activation. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 192:209-19. [PMID: 21453692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA)-associated nephropathy was described as being characterized by a rapid progressive enhancement of interstitial renal fibrosis. Renal tissue fibrosis occurs because of an imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation. Much evidence indicates that inflammatory renal disease including monocyte and mesangial interactions is linked to the development and progression of renal remodeling. In this study, we found that AA showed concentration-dependent inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced MMP-9 activation with an IC(50) value of 6.4±0.5μM in human monocytic THP-1 cells. A similar effect was also noted with different ratios of AAs (types I and II). However, AA had no inhibitory effect on the intact enzymatic activity of MMP-9 at a concentration of 20μM. On the other hand, the level of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 was not induced by AA, but it suppressed TNF-α-induced MMP-9 protein and messenger RNA expressions. AA also significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced IκBα degradation. Furthermore, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and a reported gene study, respectively, revealed that AA inhibited TNF-α-induced NF-κB translocation and activation. In addition, compared to other NF-κB inhibitors, AA exerted significant inhibition of MMP-9 activation and monocyte chemotactic protein-1-directed invasion. From these results, we concluded that AA, a natural compound, inhibits TNF-α-induced MMP-9 in human monocytic cells possibly through the NF-κB signal pathway. These results also imply that AA may be involved in alteration of matrix homeostasis during renal fibrosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Jen Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Mackay Memorial Hospital and Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
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21
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Dudek SE, Luig C, Pauli EK, Schubert U, Ludwig S. The clinically approved proteasome inhibitor PS-341 efficiently blocks influenza A virus and vesicular stomatitis virus propagation by establishing an antiviral state. J Virol 2010; 84:9439-51. [PMID: 20592098 PMCID: PMC2937650 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00533-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently it has been shown that the proinflammatory NF-kappaB pathway promotes efficient influenza virus propagation. Based on these findings, it was suggested that NF-kappaB blockade may be a promising approach for antiviral intervention. The classical virus-induced activation of the NF-kappaB pathway requires proteasomal degradation of the inhibitor of NF-kappaB, IkappaB. Therefore, we hypothesized that inhibition of proteasomal IkappaB degradation should impair influenza A virus (IAV) replication. We chose the specific proteasome inhibitor PS-341, which is a clinically approved anticancer drug also known as Bortezomib or Velcade. As expected, PS-341 treatment of infected A549 cells in a concentration range that was not toxic resulted in a significant reduction of progeny virus titers. However, we could not observe the proposed suppression of NF-kappaB-signaling in vitro. Rather, PS-341 treatment resulted in an induction of IkappaB degradation and activation of NF-kappaB as well as the JNK/AP-1 pathway. This coincides with enhanced expression of antiviral genes, such as interleukin-6 and, most importantly, MxA, which is a strong interferon (IFN)-induced suppressor of influenza virus replication. This suggests that PS-341 may act as an antiviral agent via induction of the type I IFN response. Accordingly, PS-341 did not affect virus titers in Vero cells, which lack type I IFN genes, but strongly inhibited replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a highly IFN-sensitive pathogen. Thus, we conclude that PS-341 blocks IAV and VSV replication by inducing an antiviral state mediated by the NF-kappaB-dependent expression of antivirus-acting gene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Eva Dudek
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Muenster, Germany, ViroLogik GmbH, Innovation Centre for Medical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Luig
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Muenster, Germany, ViroLogik GmbH, Innovation Centre for Medical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva-Katharina Pauli
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Muenster, Germany, ViroLogik GmbH, Innovation Centre for Medical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schubert
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Muenster, Germany, ViroLogik GmbH, Innovation Centre for Medical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Centre for Molecular Biology of Inflammation, Muenster, Germany, ViroLogik GmbH, Innovation Centre for Medical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Li C, Chen S, Yue P, Deng X, Lonial S, Khuri FR, Sun SY. Proteasome inhibitor PS-341 (bortezomib) induces calpain-dependent IkappaB(alpha) degradation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:16096-104. [PMID: 20335171 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.072694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome, a key component of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, has emerged as an important cancer therapeutic target. PS-341 (also called Bortezomib or Velcade) is the first proteasome inhibitor approved for newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma and is currently being tested in many clinical trials against other types of cancers. One proposed mechanism by which PS-341 exerts its anticancer effect is inactivation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) through prevention of IkappaB(alpha) degradation. In this study, we show that PS-341 at concentrations that effectively inhibited the growth of human cancer cells, instead of increasing IkappaB(alpha) stability, paradoxically induced IkappaB(alpha) degradation. As a result, PS-341 facilitated p65 nuclear translocation and increased NF-kappaB activity. Moreover, IkappaB(alpha) degradation by PS-341 occurred early before induction of apoptosis and could not be inhibited by a pan-caspase inhibitor or caspase-8 silencing; however, it could be prevented with calpain inhibitors, calcium-chelating agents, calpain knockdown, or calpastatin overexpression. In agreement, PS-341 increased calpain activity. These data together indicate that PS-341 induces a calpain-mediated IkappaB(alpha) degradation independent of caspases. In the presence of a calpain inhibitor, the apoptosis-inducing activity of PS-341 was dramatically enhanced. Collectively, these unexpected findings suggest not only a novel paradigm regarding the relationship between proteasome inhibition and NF-kappaB activity but also a strategy to enhance the anticancer efficacy of PS-341.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Li
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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N-nitroso-N-methylurea and N-nitroso-N-ethylurea induce upregulation of cellular NF-κ B activity through protein kinase C-dependent pathway in human malignant keratinocytes. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:133-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-2235-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sanz AB, Sanchez-Niño MD, Izquierdo MC, Jakubowski A, Justo P, Blanco-Colio LM, Ruiz-Ortega M, Selgas R, Egido J, Ortiz A. TWEAK activates the non-canonical NFkappaB pathway in murine renal tubular cells: modulation of CCL21. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8955. [PMID: 20126461 PMCID: PMC2813291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TWEAK is a member of the TNF superfamily of cytokines that contribute to kidney tubulointerstitial injury. It has previously been reported that TWEAK induces transient nuclear translocation of RelA and expression of RelA-dependent cytokines in renal tubular cells. Additionally, TWEAK induced long-lasting NFκB activation suggestive of engagement of the non-canonical NFκB pathway. We now explore TWEAK-induced activation of NFκB2 and RelB, as well as expression of CCL21, a T-cell chemotactic factor, in cultured murine tubular epithelial cells and in healthy kidneys in vivo. In cultured tubular cells, TWEAK and TNFα activated different DNA-binding NFκB complexes. TWEAK-induced sustained NFκB activation was associated with NFκB2 p100 processing to p52 via proteasome and nuclear translocation and DNA-binding of p52 and RelB. TWEAK, but not TNFα used as control), induced a delayed increase in CCL21a mRNA (3.5±1.22-fold over control) and CCL21 protein (2.5±0.8-fold over control), which was prevented by inhibition of the proteasome, or siRNA targeting of NIK or RelB, but not by RelA inhibition with parthenolide. A second NFκB2-dependent chemokine, CCL19, was upregulates by TWEAK, but not by TNFα. However, both cytokines promoted chemokine RANTES expression (3-fold mRNA at 24 h). In vivo, TWEAK induced nuclear NFκB2 and RelB translocation and CCL21a mRNA (1.5±0.3-fold over control) and CCL21 protein (1.6±0.5-fold over control) expression in normal kidney. Increased tubular nuclear RelB and tubular CCL21 expression in acute kidney injury were decreased by neutralization (2±0.9 vs 1.3±0.6-fold over healthy control) or deficiency of TWEAK (2±0.9 vs 0.8±0.6-fold over healthy control). Moreover, anti-TWEAK treatment prevented the recruitment of T cells to the kidney in this model (4.1±1.4 vs 1.8±1-fold over healthy control). Our results thus identify TWEAK as a regulator of non-canonical NFκB activation and CCL21 expression in tubular cells thus promoting lymphocyte recruitment to the kidney during acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B. Sanz
- Servicio de Nefrologia, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria D. Sanchez-Niño
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria C. Izquierdo
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aniela Jakubowski
- Department of Immunobiology, Biogen Idec, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pilar Justo
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M. Blanco-Colio
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Selgas
- Servicio de Nefrologia, Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Fundación Renal Iñigo Alvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Wu L, Pu Z, Feng J, Li G, Zheng Z, Shen W. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and enhanced activity of NF-kappaB in gastric carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2008; 97:439-44. [PMID: 18163448 DOI: 10.1002/jso.20952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES NF-kappa B, ubiquitin and proteasome have been shown be important factors in oncogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine whether NF-kappa B could be a sensitive biomarker for gastric carcinoma. METHODS Tumor and adjacent mucosal tissue specimens in 92 patients with gastric carcinoma were studied. The expression of NF-kappa B was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The expression of I kappa B alpha, ubiquitin in cytoplasm and NF-kappa B in nucleoplasm was assayed by Western blot. DNA binding-activity of NF-kappa B was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Fluorogenic technique was performed to measure the 26S proteasome activity. RESULTS NF-kappa B positive expression in tumor tissues (82.4%) was significant higher than that in adjacent mucosal tissues (32.7%, P < 0.05). The increase of NF-kappa B activation was accompanied by the increases of ubiqutin, 26S proteasome activation and a degradation of I kappa B alpha but not the ubiquitin-conjugated I kappa B alpha/NF-kappa B complex in gastric carcinoma. NF-kappa B expression was significantly increased in patients with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage III/IV or with the habit of high intake of pickled vegetables. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the constitutive activation of NF-kappa B is likely due to the activation of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and NF-kappa B can be used as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong, China
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26
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Skvortsov S, Skvortsova I, Stasyk T, Schiefermeier N, Neher A, Gunkel AR, Bonn GK, Huber LA, Lukas P, Pleiman CM, Zwierzina H. Antitumor activity of CTFB, a novel anticancer agent, is associated with the down-regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB expression and proteasome activation in head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:1898-908. [PMID: 17575118 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize the antitumor activity of 5-Chloro-N-[2-[2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-3-methyl-butoxy]-5-trifluoromethyl-phenyl]-2-hydroxy-benzamide (CTFB), a novel anticancer agent, in head and neck cancer cell lines, FaDu, SCC-25 and cisplatin-resistant CAL-27. CTFB was generated as a result of an extensive medicinal chemistry effort on a lead compound series discovered in a high-throughput screen for inducers of apoptosis. All cell lines showed significant growth delay in response to CTFB treatment at a concentration of 1 micromol/L with 17.16 +/- 2.08%, 10.92 +/- 1.22%, and 27.03 +/- 1.86% of cells surviving at 120 h in FaDu, CAL-27, and SCC-25, respectively. To define proteins involved in the mechanism of action of CTFB, we determined differences in the proteome profile of cell lines before and after treatment with CTFB using two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis followed by computational image analysis and mass spectrometry. Eight proteins were found to be regulated by CTFB in all cell lines. All these proteins are involved in cytoskeleton formation and function and/or in cell cycle regulation. We showed that CTFB-induced cell growth delay was accompanied by cell cycle arrest at the G(0)-G(1) phase that was associated with the up-regulation of p21/WAF1 and p27/Kip1 expression and the down-regulation of cyclin D1. Furthermore, we showed that activity of CTFB depended on the down-regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and NF-kappaB p65 phosphorylated at Ser(536). The level of proteasome activity correlated with the response to CTFB treatment, and the down-regulation of NF-kappaB is accompanied by enhanced proteasome activity in all investigated head and neck cancer cell lines. In this report, we show that CTFB reveals multiple effects that lead to delayed cell growth. Our data suggest that this compound should be studied further in the treatment of head and neck cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Skvortsov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Wang HQ, Du ZX, Zhang HY, Gao DX. Different induction of GRP78 and CHOP as a predictor of sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors in thyroid cancer cells. Endocrinology 2007; 148:3258-70. [PMID: 17431003 DOI: 10.1210/en.2006-1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors represent a novel class of antitumor agents with preclinical and clinical evidence of activity against hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Emerging lines of evidence suggest that the unfolded protein response is implicated in proteasome inhibitors-induced apoptosis. Glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) as part of the unfolded protein response play critical roles in cell survival or death. Here we demonstrate that induction of GRP78 and CHOP are differently regulated upon proteasome inhibition in different thyroid cancer cell lines, and GRP78 levels as well as preferential induction of GRP78 or CHOP appears to be involved in the responsiveness. Insensitive ARO, 8305C, and 8505C cell lines inherently express relatively high levels of GRP78 compared with sensitive cell lines, and its levels are further up-regulated upon treatment with proteasome inhibitors. CHOP levels are dramatically induced in sensitive cell lines until 24 h after proteasome inhibition. On the other hand, only a slight increase is observed at 4 h in insensitive cell lines, and this increase is unable to be detected after 8 h. Insensitive cells are sensitized to proteasome inhibition by suppression of GRP78. Furthermore, suppression of CHOP induction or overexpression of GRP78 partially prevents proteasome inhibition-mediated cell death. Our study indicates a molecular mechanism by which the sensitivity of thyroid cancer cells is regulated by the level of GRP78 as well as preferential induction of GRP78 or CHOP upon treatment with proteasome inhibitors. Our experiments therefore suggest a novel approach toward sensitization of thyroid cancer cells to proteasome inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Qin Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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28
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Abstract
This article serves as an introduction to the collection of reviews on nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). It provides an overview of the discovery and current status of NF-kappaB as a research topic. Described are the structures, activities and regulation of the proteins in the NF-kappaB family of transcription factors. NF-kappaB signaling is primarily regulated by inhibitor kappaB (IkappaB) proteins and the IkappaB kinase complex through two major pathways: the canonical and non-canonical NF-kappaB pathways. The organization and focus of articles included in the following reviews are described, as well as likely future areas of research interest on NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Gilmore
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Calvaruso G, Giuliano M, Portanova P, De Blasio A, Vento R, Tesoriere G. Bortezomib induces in HepG2 cells IkappaBalpha degradation mediated by caspase-8. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 287:13-9. [PMID: 16733806 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-9016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The present paper demonstrates that the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which behaves as an apoptotic agent in hepatoma HepG2 cells, caused in these cells a decrease in IkappaBalpha level and a consequent increase in NF-kappaB activity. The effect already appeared at 4 h of treatment and preceded the onset of apoptosis which was observed at 24 h. Our results demonstrate that bortezomib-induced IkappaBalpha degradation occurred in conjunction with the activation of caspase-8; moreover, the decrease in IkappaBalpha level was prevented in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of z-IETD, a specific inhibitor of caspase-8. Bortezomib caused the same effects in non-tumor Chang liver cells, which were not susceptible to the apoptotic effect of the drug. Our results also show that other proteases, such as caspase-3 and calpains, exerted only a limited effect on IkappaBalpha degradation. These findings suggest that caspase-8 can be involved in the control of IkappaBalpha level. In addition, the activation of caspase-8 can exert, at least in the first phase of treatment with bortezomib, a protective effect in both HepG2 and Chang liver cells, favouring the activation of the survival factor NF-kappaB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calvaruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Policlinico, Palermo, Italy
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30
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Dolcet X, Llobet D, Encinas M, Pallares J, Cabero A, Schoenenberger JA, Comella JX, Matias-Guiu X. Proteasome inhibitors induce death but activate NF-kappaB on endometrial carcinoma cell lines and primary culture explants. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:22118-22130. [PMID: 16735506 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601350200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors are currently used as chemotherapeutic drugs because of their ability to block NF-kappaB, a transcription factor constitutively activated in many different types of human cancer. In the present study, we demonstrate that proteasome inhibitors induce cell death in endometrial carcinoma cell lines and primary explants but, instead of blocking NF-kappaB, they increase its transcriptional activity. Proteasome inhibitors induce phosphorylation of IKK alpha/beta, phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaB alpha, and phosphorylation of the p65 NF-kappaB subunit on serine 536. Proteasome inhibitor-induced NF-kappaB activity can be blocked by a non-degradable form of IkappaB alpha or dominant negative forms of either IKK alpha or IKK beta. Lentiviral delivery of shRNAs to either IKK alpha or IKK beta cause blockade of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity and inhibit phosphorylation of p65 on serine 536, but has no effect on IkappaB alpha degradation. These results suggest a role for p65 phosphorylation in proteasome inhibitor-induced NF-kappaB activation. Accordingly, siRNA knockdown of p65 inhibits proteasome inhibitor-induced NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. Our results demonstrate that proteasome inhibitors, including bortezomib, induce cell death on endometrial carcinoma cells and primary explants. However, they activate NF-kappaB instead of blocking its transcriptional potential. Therefore, the concept that proteasome inhibitors are blockers of NF-kappaB activation should be carefully examined in particular cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Dolcet
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain.
| | - David Llobet
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Mario Encinas
- Cell Signalling and Apoptosis Group, Laboratori de Recerca de l'Hospital, Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Departament de Ciencies Mèdiques Bàsiques i Cirurgia, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Judit Pallares
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Albert Cabero
- Department of Gynecology, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Joan Antoni Schoenenberger
- Department of Pharmacy, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Joan X Comella
- Cell Signalling and Apoptosis Group, Laboratori de Recerca de l'Hospital, Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Departament de Ciencies Mèdiques Bàsiques i Cirurgia, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Universitat de Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, 25198 Lleida Spain
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Holecek M, Muthny T, Kovarik M, Sispera L. Proteasome inhibitor MG-132 enhances whole-body protein turnover in rat. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 345:38-42. [PMID: 16674919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteasome inhibitors are novel therapeutic agents which may be used in treatment of cancer and other severe disorders. We studied the effect of proteasome inhibitor MG-132 on protein and amino acid metabolism. In MG-132-treated rats we observed a significant decrease in proteasome-dependent proteolysis in skeletal muscle and an increase in whole-body protein turnover (i.e., increase in whole-body proteolysis and protein synthesis). Proteasome-dependent proteolysis was activated in the liver and kidney, protein synthesis increased in skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney. Insignificant changes were found in jejunum and colon. MG-132 administration induced a significant increase in concentration of several amino acids in blood plasma and their decrease in jejunum and colon. We conclude that administration of MG-132 affects both protein anabolic and protein catabolic pathways via the direct effect on proteasome-dependent proteolysis and indirect effect on proteolysis and protein synthesis via unidentified mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holecek
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Medical Faculty, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Liang MC, Bardhan S, Pace EA, Rosman D, Beutler JA, Porco JA, Gilmore TD. Inhibition of transcription factor NF-kappaB signaling proteins IKKbeta and p65 through specific cysteine residues by epoxyquinone A monomer: correlation with its anti-cancer cell growth activity. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 71:634-45. [PMID: 16360644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Revised: 11/10/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor NF-kappaB is constitutively active in many human chronic inflammatory diseases and cancers. Epoxyquinone A monomer (EqM), a synthetic derivative of the natural product epoxyquinol A, has previously been shown to be a potent inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced activation of NF-kappaB, but the mechanism by which EqM inhibits NF-kappaB activation was not known. In this report, we show that EqM blocks activation of NF-kappaB by inhibiting two molecular targets: IkappaB kinase IKKbeta and NF-kappaB subunit p65. EqM inhibits TNF-alpha-induced IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation by targeting IKKbeta, and an alanine substitution for Cys179 in the activation loop of IKKbeta makes it resistant to EqM-mediated inhibition. EqM also directly inhibits DNA binding by p65, but not p50; moreover, replacement of Cys38 in p65 with Ser abolishes EqM-mediated inhibition of DNA binding. Pretreatment of cells with reducing agent dithiothreitol dose-dependently reduces EqM-mediated inhibition of NF-kappaB, further suggesting that EqM directly modifies the thiol group of Cys residues in protein targets. Modifications of the exocyclic alkene of EqM substantially reduce EqM's ability to inhibit NF-kappaB activation. In the human SUDHL-4 lymphoma cell line, EqM inhibits both proliferation and NF-kappaB DNA binding, and activates caspase-3 activity. EqM also effectively inhibits the growth of human leukemia, kidney, and colon cancer cell lines in the NCI's tumor cell panel. Among six colon cancer cell lines, those with low amounts of constitutive NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity are generally more sensitive to growth inhibition by EqM. Taken together, these results suggest that EqM inhibits growth and induces cell death in tumor cells through a mechanism that involves inhibition of NF-kappaB activity at multiple steps in the signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chih Liang
- Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Street, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Place RF, Noonan EJ, Giardina C. HDAC inhibition prevents NF-kappa B activation by suppressing proteasome activity: down-regulation of proteasome subunit expression stabilizes I kappa B alpha. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 70:394-406. [PMID: 15950952 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Revised: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 04/27/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The short chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate (BA) and other histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can rapidly induce cell cycle arrest and differentation of colon cancer cell lines. We found that butyrate and the specific HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) can reprogram the NF-(kappa)B response in colon cancer cells. Specifically, TNF-alpha activation is suppressed in butyrate-differentiated cells, whereas IL-1beta activation is largely unaffected. To gain insight into the relationship between butyrate-induced differentiation and NF-(kappa)B regulation, we determined the impact of butyrate on proteasome activity and subunit expression. Interestingly, butyrate and TSA reduced the cellular proteasome activity in colon cancer cell lines. The drop in proteasome activity results from the reduced expression of the catalytic beta-type subunits of the proteasome at both the protein and mRNA level. The selective impact of HDAC inhibitors on TNF-alpha-induced NF-(kappa)B activation appears to relate to the fact that the TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-(kappa)B is mediated by the proteasome, whereas NF-kappaB activation by IL-1beta is largely proteasome-independent. These findings indicate that cellular differentation status and/or proliferative capacity can significantly impact proteasome activity and selectively alter NF-(kappa)B responses in colon cancer cells. This information may be useful for the further development and targeting of HDAC inhibitors as anti-neoplastic and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Place
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Connecticut, 91 North Eagleville Road, U-3125, Storrs, CT 06269-3125, USA
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Miura H, Maeda M, Yamamoto N, Yamaoka S. Distinct IκB kinase regulation in adult T cell leukemia and HTLV-I-transformed cells. Exp Cell Res 2005; 308:29-40. [PMID: 15878527 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2004] [Revised: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 04/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown constitutive IkappaB kinase (IKK) activation and aberrant p52 expression in adult T cell leukemia (ATL) cells that do not express human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax, but the mechanism of IKK activation in these cells has remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate distinct regulation of IKK activity in ATL and HTLV-I-transformed T cells in response to protein synthesis inhibition or arsenite treatment. Protein synthesis inhibition for 4 h by cycloheximide (CHX) barely affects IKK activity in Tax-positive HTLV-I-transformed cells, while it diminishes IKK activity in Tax-negative ATL cells. Treatment of ATL cells with a proteasome inhibitor MG132 prior to protein synthesis inhibition reverses the inhibitory effect of CHX, and MG132 alone greatly enhances IKK activity. In addition, treatment of HTLV-I-transformed cells with arsenite for 1 h results in down-regulation of IKK activity without affecting Tax expression, while 8 h of arsenite treatment does not impair IKK activity in ATL cells. These results indicate that a labile protein sensitive to proteasome-dependent degradation governs IKK activation in ATL cells, and suggest a molecular mechanism of IKK activation in ATL cells distinct from that in HTLV-I-transformed T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyasu Miura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Sharma V, Lansdell TA, Peddibhotla S, Tepe JJ. Sensitization of tumor cells toward chemotherapy: enhancing the efficacy of camptothecin with imidazolines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 11:1689-99. [PMID: 15610853 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2004.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2003] [Revised: 09/16/2004] [Accepted: 10/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) by chemotherapeutic agents was found to protect cells from apoptosis. In light of its central role in regulating the cellular resistance to apoptotic agents, inhibition of NF-kappaB-mediated gene transcription may sensitize tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents and enhance their efficacy. We describe herein a noncytotoxic imidazoline scaffold that sensitizes leukemia T cells to the chemotherapeutic agent camptothecin. No significant induction of apoptosis was found when cells were treated with the imidazoline; however, pretreatment of cells with this agent resulted in a drastic enhancement in efficacy of camptothecin (approximately 75-fold). Elucidation of the potential cellular mechanism revealed that the imidazoline prevents nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. These findings indicate that inhibition of NF-kappaB by this imidazoline may present improved strategies in the chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Kimura T, Nakamura H, Ogita K, Koyama S, Tomiie M, Yoshida S, Tsutsui T, Shimoya K, Koyama M, Murata Y. Effect of Proteasome Pathway on Initiation of Mouse Labor Induced by Antiprogesterone. Am J Reprod Immunol 2004; 52:317-22. [PMID: 15550068 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2004.00226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Various kinds of contraction-associated molecules are up-regulated at the initiation of labor. However, expression profiling has revealed that many molecules are also down-regulated. The effect of down-regulation of molecules by protein degradation on parturition is not known. METHODS OF STUDY We administered lactacystin, a specific proteasome inhibitor, to mouse preterm birth model induced by antiprogesterone RU486 on day 16.0 post-coitus. NF-kappaB activity, and the levels of transcripts for oxytocin receptor, prostaglandin F(2alpha) receptor (FP), cyclooxygenase-1, -2, and interleukin-1beta in the uterus were examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS Administration of lactacystin significantly prolonged the time until the delivery of the first pup. FP mRNA level was solely elevated by RU486 treatment, and lactacystin significantly suppressed this up-regulation. CONCLUSIONS Proteolysis by proteasomes in the uterus regulates the initiation of labor, at least in part, via control of contraction-associated molecules such as FP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kimura
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Specific Organ Regulation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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Taillé C, El-Benna J, Lanone S, Dang MC, Ogier-Denis E, Aubier M, Boczkowski J. Induction of Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibits NAD(P)H Oxidase Activity by Down-regulating Cytochrome b558 Expression via the Reduction of Heme Availability. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:28681-8. [PMID: 15123630 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m310661200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme of heme degradation, has powerful anti-oxidant properties related to the production of the reactive oxygen species scavenger bilirubin. However, some data suggest that HO-1 could also inhibit the cellular production of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, we investigated whether the anti-oxidant properties of HO-1 could be mediated by modulation of the activity and/or expression of the heme-containing NAD(P)H oxidase, the main source of the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in phagocytic cells. Increasing HO-1 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages effectively decreased NAD(P)H oxidase activity and expression of gp91(phox), its heme-containing catalytic component, because of deficient protein maturation and increased degradation. Loading cells with heme reversed the decrease in O(2)(-) production and gp91(phox) expression induced by HO-1 overexpression. Similar results were obtained in vivo in rat alveolar macrophages after pharmacological modulation of HO-1 expression or activity. These results show that a decrease in heme content due to HO-1 activation limits heme availability for maturation of the gp91(phox) subunit and assembly of the functional NAD(P)H oxidase. This study provides a new mechanism to explain HO-1 anti-oxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Taillé
- INSERM, Unité 408, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 02, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
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