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Luo HM, Wu X, Xian X, Wang LY, Zhu LY, Sun HY, Yang L, Liu WX. Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits angiotensin II-induced NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS via the Src/STAT3 signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6426-6437. [PMID: 32372557 PMCID: PMC7294141 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We had previously demonstrated that the calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) suppresses the oxidative stress and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation induced by vascular injury. A recent study also indicated that CGRP protects against the onset and development of angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced hypertension, vascular hypertrophy and oxidative stress. However, the mechanism behind the effects of CGRP on Ang II‐induced oxidative stress is unclear. CGRP significantly suppressed the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidase in Ang II‐induced VSMCs. The Ang II‐stimulated activation of both Src and the downstream transcription factor, STAT3, was abrogated by CGRP. However, the antioxidative effect of CGRP was lost following the expression of constitutively activated Src or STAT3. Pre‐treatment with H‐89 or CGRP8–37 also blocked the CGRP inhibitory effects against Ang II‐induced oxidative stress. Additionally, both in vitro and in vivo analyses show that CGRP treatment inhibited Ang II‐induced VSMC proliferation and hypertrophy, accompanied by a reduction in ROS generation. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CGRP exhibits its antioxidative effect by blocking the Src/STAT3 signalling pathway that is associated with Ang II‐induced VSMC hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Min Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Third Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Wu
- The Third Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xian Xian
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lu-Yao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liang-Yu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hong-Yu Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen-Xuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Yoshizumi M, Kyotani Y, Zhao J, Nakahira K. Targeting the mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell remodeling by angiotensin II. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:157. [PMID: 32309305 PMCID: PMC7154479 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Yoshizumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoji Kyotani
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kiichi Nakahira
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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3
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Liao W, Fan H, Wu J. Egg White-Derived Antihypertensive Peptide IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) Inhibits Angiotensin II-Stimulated Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Angiotensin Type I Receptor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5133-5138. [PMID: 29714061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Excessive proliferation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and migration induced by angiotensin II (Ang II), occurring in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during vascular remodelling, are major pathogenesis of hypertension. Antihypertensive peptides derived from food proteins are promising alternatives in preventing/treating hypertension and associated complications. In addition to reducing high blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats, egg white ovotransferrin-derived antihypertensive IRW (Ile-Arg-Trp) was shown to exert antiproliferative, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects in A7r5 cells (a vascular smooth muscle cell line) against Ang II stimulation, further indicating its potential in retarding vascular remodelling. Since its regulatory role in migration of VSMC is unclear, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antimigrant activity of IRW in Ang II-stimulated A7r5 cells. It was found that IRW could downregulate matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) expression and inhibit migration of Ang II-stimulated A7r5 cells, which was associated with inactivation of p38/MAPK signaling. More importantly, the antimigrant activity of IRW in Ang II-stimulated A7r5 cells was dependent on angiotensin type I receptor (AT1R). Our study provided the first evidence that egg ovotransferrin-derived antihypertensive peptide IRW inhibited migration of VSMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Egg White/chemistry
- Humans
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/genetics
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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4
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Wang Y, Rezey AC, Wang R, Tang DD. Role and regulation of Abelson tyrosine kinase in Crk-associated substrate/profilin-1 interaction and airway smooth muscle contraction. Respir Res 2018; 19:4. [PMID: 29304860 PMCID: PMC5756382 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway smooth muscle contraction is critical for maintenance of appropriate airway tone, and has been implicated in asthma pathogenesis. Smooth muscle contraction requires an "engine" (myosin activation) and a "transmission system" (actin cytoskeletal remodeling). However, the mechanisms that control actin remodeling in smooth muscle are not fully elucidated. The adapter protein Crk-associated substrate (CAS) regulates actin dynamics and the contraction in smooth muscle. In addition, profilin-1 (Pfn-1) and Abelson tyrosine kinase (c-Abl) are also involved in smooth muscle contraction. The interplays among CAS, Pfn-1 and c-Abl in smooth muscle have not been previously investigated. METHODS The association of CAS with Pfn-1 in mouse tracheal rings was evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation. Tracheal rings from c-Abl conditional knockout mice were used to assess the roles of c-Abl in the protein-protein interaction and smooth muscle contraction. Decoy peptides were utilized to evaluate the importance of CAS/Pfn-1 coupling in smooth muscle contraction. RESULTS Stimulation with acetylcholine (ACh) increased the interaction of CAS with Pfn-1 in smooth muscle, which was regulated by CAS tyrosine phosphorylation and c-Abl. The CAS/Pfn-1 coupling was also modified by the phosphorylation of cortactin (a protein implicated in Pfn-1 activation). In addition, ACh activation promoted the spatial redistribution of CAS and Pfn-1 in smooth muscle cells, which was reduced by c-Abl knockdown. Inhibition of CAS/Pfn-1 interaction by a decoy peptide attenuated the ACh-induced actin polymerization and contraction without affecting myosin light chain phosphorylation. Furthermore, treatment with the Src inhibitor PP2 and the actin polymerization inhibitor latrunculin A attenuated the ACh-induced c-Abl tyrosine phosphorylation (an indication of c-Abl activation). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a novel activation loop in airway smooth muscle: c-Abl promotes the CAS/Pfn-1 coupling and actin polymerization, which conversely facilitates c-Abl activation. The positive feedback may render c-Abl in active state after contractile stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinna Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Alyssa C Rezey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Ruping Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Dale D Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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5
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Brænne I, Willenborg C, Tragante V, Kessler T, Zeng L, Reiz B, Kleinecke M, von Ameln S, Willer CJ, Laakso M, Wild PS, Zeller T, Wallentin L, Franks PW, Salomaa V, Dehghan A, Meitinger T, Samani NJ, Asselbergs FW, Erdmann J, Schunkert H. A genomic exploration identifies mechanisms that may explain adverse cardiovascular effects of COX-2 inhibitors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10252. [PMID: 28860667 PMCID: PMC5579257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (coxibs) are characterized by multiple molecular off-target effects and increased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. Here, we systematically explored common variants of genes representing molecular targets of coxibs for association with CAD. Given a broad spectrum of pleiotropic effects of coxibs, our intention was to narrow potential mechanisms affecting CAD risk as we hypothesized that the affected genes may also display genomic signals of coronary disease risk. A Drug Gene Interaction Database search identified 47 gene products to be affected by coxibs. We traced association signals in 200-kb regions surrounding these genes in 84,813 CAD cases and 202,543 controls. Based on a threshold of 1 × 10−5 (Bonferroni correction for 3131 haplotype blocks), four gene loci yielded significant associations. The lead SNPs were rs7270354 (MMP9), rs4888383 (BCAR1), rs6905288 (VEGFA1), and rs556321 (CACNA1E). By additional genotyping, rs7270354 at MMP9 and rs4888383 at BCAR1 also reached the established GWAS threshold for genome-wide significance. The findings demonstrate overlap of genes affected by coxibs and those mediating CAD risk and points to further mechanisms, which are potentially responsible for coxib-associated CAD risk. The novel approach furthermore suggests that genetic studies may be useful to explore the clinical relevance of off-target drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Brænne
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,University Heart Center Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Vinicius Tragante
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, 80636, München, Germany
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, 80636, München, Germany
| | - Benedikt Reiz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,University Heart Center Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mariana Kleinecke
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,University Heart Center Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Simon von Ameln
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, 80636, München, Germany
| | - Cristen J Willer
- University of Michigan, Dept of Biostatistics, 1415 Washington Hts, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site RhineMain, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- DZHK (German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.,Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Wallentin
- Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala Science Park, MTC, SE-752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- THL-National Institute for Health and Welfare, POB 30, Mannerheimintie 166, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Meitinger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80636, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Deparment of Cardiovascular Sciences University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany. .,DZHK (German Research Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, 23562, Lübeck, Germany. .,University Heart Center Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, 80636, München, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80636, Munich, Germany
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6
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Nagayama K, Kyotani Y, Zhao J, Ito S, Ozawa K, Bolstad FA, Yoshizumi M. Exendin-4 Prevents Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration by Angiotensin II via the Inhibition of ERK1/2 and JNK Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137960. [PMID: 26379274 PMCID: PMC4574935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a main pathophysiological culprit peptide for hypertension and atherosclerosis by causing vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration. Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, is currently used for the treatment of type-2 diabetes, and is believed to have beneficial effects for cardiovascular diseases. However, the vascular protective mechanisms of GLP-1 receptor agonists remain largely unexplained. In the present study, we examined the effect of exendin-4 on Ang II-induced proliferation and migration of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC). The major findings of the present study are as follows: (1) Ang II caused a phenotypic switch of RASMC from contractile type to synthetic proliferative type cells; (2) Ang II caused concentration-dependent RASMC proliferation, which was significantly inhibited by the pretreatment with exendin-4; (3) Ang II caused concentration-dependent RASMC migration, which was effectively inhibited by the pretreatment with exendin-4; (4) exendin-4 inhibited Ang II-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK in a pre-incubation time-dependent manner; and (5) U0126 (an ERK1/2 kinase inhibitor) and SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) also inhibited both RASMC proliferation and migration induced by Ang II stimulation. These results suggest that exendin-4 prevented Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation and migration through the inhibition of ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation caused by Ang II stimulation. This indicates that GLP-1 receptor agonists should be considered for use in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in addition to their current use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Nagayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoji Kyotani
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Satoyasu Ito
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Francesco A. Bolstad
- Department of Clinical English, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masanori Yoshizumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
- * E-mail:
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7
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Schlichter LC, Jiang J, Wang J, Newell EW, Tsui FWL, Lam D. Regulation of hERG and hEAG channels by Src and by SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase via an ITIM region in the cyclic nucleotide binding domain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90024. [PMID: 24587194 PMCID: PMC3938566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the EAG K+ channel superfamily (EAG/Kv10.x, ERG/Kv11.x, ELK/Kv12.x subfamilies) are expressed in many cells and tissues. In particular, two prototypes, EAG1/Kv10.1/KCNH1 and ERG1/Kv11.1/KCNH2 contribute to both normal and pathological functions. Proliferation of numerous cancer cells depends on hEAG1, and in some cases, hERG. hERG is best known for contributing to the cardiac action potential, and for numerous channel mutations that underlie ‘long-QT syndrome’. Many cells, particularly cancer cells, express Src-family tyrosine kinases and SHP tyrosine phosphatases; and an imbalance in tyrosine phosphorylation can lead to malignancies, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory disorders. Ion channel contributions to cell functions are governed, to a large degree, by post-translational modulation, especially phosphorylation. However, almost nothing is known about roles of specific tyrosine kinases and phosphatases in regulating K+ channels in the EAG superfamily. First, we show that tyrosine kinase inhibitor, PP1, and the selective Src inhibitory peptide, Src40-58, reduce the hERG current amplitude, without altering its voltage dependence or kinetics. PP1 similarly reduces the hEAG1 current. Surprisingly, an ‘immuno-receptor tyrosine inhibitory motif’ (ITIM) is present within the cyclic nucleotide binding domain of all EAG-superfamily members, and is conserved in the human, rat and mouse sequences. When tyrosine phosphorylated, this ITIM directly bound to and activated SHP-1 tyrosine phosphatase (PTP-1C/PTPN6/HCP); the first report that a portion of an ion channel is a binding site and activator of a tyrosine phosphatase. Both hERG and hEAG1 currents were decreased by applying active recombinant SHP-1, and increased by the inhibitory substrate-trapping SHP-1 mutant. Thus, hERG and hEAG1 currents are regulated by activated SHP-1, in a manner opposite to their regulation by Src. Given the widespread distribution of these channels, Src and SHP-1, this work has broad implications in cell signaling that controls survival, proliferation, differentiation, and other ERG1 and EAG1 functions in many cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyanne C. Schlichter
- Genes and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Jiahua Jiang
- Genes and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Wang
- Genes and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evan W. Newell
- Genes and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Florence W. L. Tsui
- Genes and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Doris Lam
- Genes and Development Division, Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Miyata K, Satou R, Shao W, Prieto MC, Urushihara M, Kobori H, Navar LG. ROCK/NF-κB axis-dependent augmentation of angiotensinogen by angiotensin II in primary-cultured preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F608-18. [PMID: 24431199 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00464.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent hypertension, the augmented intrarenal ANG II constricts the renal microvasculature and stimulates Rho kinase (ROCK), which modulates vascular contractile responses. Rho may also stimulate angiotensinogen (AGT) expression in preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), but this has not been established. Therefore, the aims of this study were to determine the direct interactions between Rho and ANG II in regulating AGT and other renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components and to elucidate the roles of the ROCK/NF-κB axis in the ANG II-induced AGT augmentation in primary cultures of preglomerular VSMCs. We first demonstrated that these preglomerular VSMCs express renin, AGT, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptors. Furthermore, incubation with ANG II (100 pmol/l for 24 h) increased AGT mRNA (1.42 ± 0.03, ratio to control) and protein (1.68 ± 0.05, ratio to control) expression levels, intracellular ANG II levels, and NF-κB activity. In contrast, the ANG II treatment did not alter AT1a and AT1b mRNA levels in the cells. Treatment with H-1152 (ROCK inhibitor, 10 nmol/l) and ROCK1 small interfering (si) RNA suppressed the ANG II-induced AGT augmentation and the upregulation and translocalization of p65 into nuclei. Functional studies showed that ROCK exerted a greater influence on afferent arteriole responses to ANG II in rats subjected to chronic ANG II infusions. These results indicate that ROCK is involved in NF-κB activation and the ROCK/NF-κB axis contributes to ANG II-induced AGT upregulation, leading to intracellular ANG II augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Miyata
- Dept. of Physiology and Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane Univ. Health Sciences Center, 1430 Tulane Ave., SL39, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699.
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9
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Son JE, Hwang MK, Lee E, Seo SG, Kim JE, Jung SK, Kim JR, Ahn GH, Lee KW, Lee HJ. Persimmon peel extract attenuates PDGF-BB-induced human aortic smooth muscle cell migration and invasion through inhibition of c-Src activity. Food Chem 2013; 141:3309-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Chen CH, Ho YC, Ho HH, Chang IC, Kirsch KH, Chuang YJ, Layne MD, Yet SF. Cysteine-rich protein 2 alters p130Cas localization and inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 100:461-71. [PMID: 23975851 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cysteine-rich protein (CRP) 2, a member of the LIM-only CRP family that contains two LIM domains, is expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of blood vessels and functions to repress VSMC migration and vascular remodelling. The goal of this study was to define the molecular mechanisms by which CRP2 regulates VSMC migration. METHODS AND RESULTS Transfection of VSMCs with CRP2-EGFP constructs revealed that CRP2 associated with the actin cytoskeleton. In response to chemoattractant stimulation, Csrp2 (mouse CRP2 gene symbol)-deficient (Csrp2(-/-)) VSMCs exhibited increased lamellipodia formation. Re-introduction of CRP2 abrogated the enhanced lamellipodia formation and migration of Csrp2(-/-) VSMCs following chemoattractant stimulation. Mammalian 2-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that CRP2 interacts with p130Cas, a scaffold protein important for lamellipodia formation and cell motility. Immunofluorescence staining showed that CRP2 colocalized with phospho-p130Cas at focal adhesions (FAs)/terminal ends of stress fibres in non-migrating cells. Interestingly, in migrating cells phospho-p130Cas localized to the leading edge of lamellipodia and FAs, whereas CRP2 was restricted to FAs and stress fibres. Furthermore, we demonstrated that p130Cas expression and phosphorylation promote neointima formation following arterial injury. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate that CRP2 sequesters p130Cas at FAs, thereby reducing lamellipodia formation and blunting VSMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Huang Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
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11
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Chan KH, Chen YH, Zhang Y, Wong YH, Dun NJ. Angiotensin-[1-12] interacts with angiotensin type I receptors. Neuropharmacology 2013; 81:267-73. [PMID: 23823979 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-12) [Ang-(1-12)], a newer member of angiotensin peptides, is proposed to be converted enzymatically to angiotensin I (Ang I) and to angiotensin II (Ang II); the latter being the bioactive peptide. We studied the Ang-(1-12) and Ang II responses in COS-7 cells or CHO cells transfected with 5 μg AT1R by monitoring [Ca(2+)]i using the Fluo-4. Ang II (1 pM-1 μM) and Ang-(1-12) (5 pM-5 μM) increased [Ca(2+)]i with an EC50 of 0.19 nM and 24 nM in COS-7 cells; and 0.65 nM and 28.7 nM in CHO cells. The AT1R antagonist losartan (1 nM-10 μM) suppressed [Ca(2+)]i induced by Ang-(1-12) and Ang II. In CHO cells transfected with 5 μg AT2R, Ang II (1 pM-1 μM) increased [Ca(2+)]i, with an EC50 of 9.68 nM; whereas, Ang-(1-12) (5 pM-5 μM) failed to elicit a significant change in [Ca(2+)]i. In CHO cells transfected with AT1R, Ang-(1-12) stimulated ERK phosphorylation with a potency 300-fold less than that of Ang II. To evaluate the activity of Ang-(1-12) on native AT1R, whole cell patch recordings were made from neurons in the rat hypothalamic slices. Ang II or Ang-(1-12) ejected by pressure from a micropipette elicited a membrane depolarization; the latter was blocked by losartan (10 μM), and not affected by the AT2R antagonist PD123319 (10 μM), nor by the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (10 μM). Our result shows that Ang-(1-12) may produce its biological activity by acting directly on AT1R, albeit at a concentration higher than that of Ang II.
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Affiliation(s)
- King H Chan
- Division of Life Science and Biotechnology Research Institute, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yi H Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yung H Wong
- Division of Life Science and Biotechnology Research Institute, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Nae J Dun
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Barrett A, Pellet-Many C, Zachary IC, Evans IM, Frankel P. p130Cas: a key signalling node in health and disease. Cell Signal 2012; 25:766-77. [PMID: 23277200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
p130Cas/breast cancer anti-oestrogen resistance 1 (BCAR1) is a member of the Cas (Crk-associated substrate) family of adaptor proteins, which have emerged as key signalling nodes capable of interactions with multiple proteins, with important regulatory roles in normal and pathological cell function. The Cas family of proteins is characterised by the presence of multiple conserved motifs for protein-protein interactions, and by extensive tyrosine and serine phosphorylations. Recent studies show that p130Cas contributes to migration, cell cycle control and apoptosis. p130Cas is essential during early embryogenesis, with a critical role in cardiovascular development. Furthermore, p130Cas has been reported to be involved in the development and progression of several human cancers. p130Cas is able to perform roles in multiple processes due to its capacity to regulate a diverse array of signalling pathways, transducing signals from growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases, non-receptor tyrosine kinases, and integrins. In this review we summarise the current understanding of the structure, function, and regulation of p130Cas, and discuss the importance of p130Cas in both physiological and pathophysiological settings, with a focus on the cardiovascular system and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Barrett
- Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, United Kingdom.
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13
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Bhattacharjee A, Pal S, Feldman GM, Cathcart MK. Hck is a key regulator of gene expression in alternatively activated human monocytes. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:36709-23. [PMID: 21878628 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.291492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-13 is a Th2 cytokine that promotes alternative activation (M2 polarization) in primary human monocytes. Our studies have characterized the functional IL-13 receptor complex and the downstream signaling events in response to IL-13 stimulation in alternatively activated monocytes/macrophages. In this report, we present evidence that IL-13 induces the activation of a Src family tyrosine kinase, which is required for IL-13 induction of M2 gene expression, including 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO). Our data show that Src kinase activity regulates IL-13-induced p38 MAPK tyrosine phosphorylation via the upstream kinases MKK3 or MKK6. Our findings also reveal that the IL-13 receptor-associated tyrosine kinase Jak2 is required for the activation of both Src kinase as well as p38 MAPK. Further, we found that Src tyrosine kinase-mediated activation of p38 MAPK is required for Stat1 and Stat3 serine 727 phosphorylation in alternatively activated monocytes/macrophages. Additional studies identify Hck as the specific Src family member, stimulated by IL-13 and involved in regulating both p38 MAPK activation and p38 MAPK-mediated 15-LO expression. Finally we show that the Hck regulates the expression of other alternative state (M2)-specific genes (Mannose receptor, MAO-A, and CD36) and therefore conclude that Hck acts as a key regulator controlling gene expression in alternatively activated monocytes/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Cell Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
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SRC regulates sphingosine-1-phosphate mediated smooth muscle cell migration. J Surg Res 2011; 175:30-4. [PMID: 21920544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S-1-P) is a bioactive sphingolipid released from activated platelets at sites of arterial injury that stimulates migration of smooth muscle cells (SMC). The kinase src is a significant focal point in transmembrane signaling. This study examines the role of src during smooth muscle cell migration in response to S-1-P. METHODS Human coronary arterial SMCs were cultured in vitro. Boyden microchemotaxis assays of migration were performed in response to S-1-P in the presence and absence the src inhibitor (PP2, 10 μM) and a dominant negative src construct (DNsrc). siRNA to S-1-P receptors was used to down-regulate the S-1-P receptors. Western blotting was performed for src and MAPK phosphorylation. RESULTS Inhibition of src with PP2 but not PP3 partially blocked S-1-P-mediated cell migration. S-1-P induced time-dependent activation of src, which was inhibited by PP2 and adenoviral DNsrc. PP3 or an empty vector had no effect. Activation of src by S-1-P was inhibited by siRNA to S-1-PR1 and S-1-PR3 but not by S-1-PR2. When the VSMC were transfected with adenovirus containing βARK(CT), an inhibitor to Gβγ, src activation was significantly attenuated. Src inhibition with PP2 reduced p38(MAPK) and JNK activation but did not alter ERK1/2 activation. CONCLUSION S-1-P mediated VSMC migration is modulated by a G-protein-coupled src pathway partially through src-mediated p38(MAPK) and JNK signaling and requires S-1-PR1 and S-1-PR3 receptors.
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Leonarduzzi G, Sottero B, Poli G. Targeting tissue oxidative damage by means of cell signaling modulators: The antioxidant concept revisited. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 128:336-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zhang F, Hu Y, Xu Q, Ye S. Different effects of angiotensin II and angiotensin-(1-7) on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12323. [PMID: 20808802 PMCID: PMC2925946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin (Ang) II and Ang-(1-7) are two of the bioactive peptides of the rennin-angiotensin system. Ang II is involved in the development of cardiovascular disease, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis, while Ang-(1-7) shows cardiovascular protection in contrast to Ang II. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study, we investigated effects of Ang II and Ang-(1-7) on vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration, which are critical in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Treatment with Ang II resulted in an increase of SMC proliferation, whereas Ang-(1-7) alone had no effects. However, preincubation with Ang-(1-7) inhibited Ang II-induced SMC proliferation. Ang II promoted SMC migration, and this effect was abolished by pretreatment with Ang-(1-7). The stimulatory effects of Ang II on SMC proliferation and migration were blocked by the Ang II receptor antagonist lorsartan, while the inhibitory effects of Ang-(1-7) were abolished by the Ang-(1-7) receptor antagonist A-799. Ang II treatment caused activation of ERK1/2 mediated signaling, and this was inhibited by preincubation of SMCs with Ang-(1-7). Conclusion These results suggest that Ang-(1-7) inhibits Ang II-induced SMC proliferation and migration, at least in part, through negative modulation of Ang II induced ERK1/2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's BHF Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Cardiovascular Division, King's BHF Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shu Ye
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: .
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Kyotani Y, Zhao J, Tomita S, Nakayama H, Isosaki M, Uno M, Yoshizumi M. Olmesartan inhibits angiotensin II-Induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells through Src and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 113:161-8. [PMID: 20508392 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09332fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases in hypertensive patients. It is assumed that the reduction of the risk by ARBs may be attributed in part to the inhibition of angiotensin II (AII)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration associated with atherosclerosis. However, the effect of ARBs on AII-induced changes in intracellular signaling and resultant cell migration has not been well established. Here, we investigated the effect of olmesartan, an ARB, on AII-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and rat aortic smooth muscle cell (RASMC) migration. Olmesartan inhibited AII-induced ERK1/2 and JNK activation at lower concentrations (10 nM). On the other hand, PP2, a Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor, also inhibited AII-induced ERK1/2 and JNK activation, but its effect on ERK1/2 was less pronounced than that of olmesartan. Olmesartan, U0126 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor), SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor), and PP2 potently inhibited AII-induced RASMC migration. From these findings, it was inferred that angiotensin-receptor blockade by olmesartan results in the inhibition of AII-induced activation of Src, ERK1/2, and JNK in RASMC. Olmesartan may be a potent inhibitor of AII-induced VSMC migration, which may be involved in the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kyotani
- Department of Pharmacology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, Nara, Japan
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18
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Tikhmyanova N, Little JL, Golemis EA. CAS proteins in normal and pathological cell growth control. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1025-48. [PMID: 19937461 PMCID: PMC2836406 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0213-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteins of the CAS (Crk-associated substrate) family (BCAR1/p130Cas, NEDD9/HEF1/Cas-L, EFS/SIN and CASS4/HEPL) are integral players in normal and pathological cell biology. CAS proteins act as scaffolds to regulate protein complexes controlling migration and chemotaxis, apoptosis, cell cycle, and differentiation, and have more recently been linked to a role in progenitor cell function. Reflecting these complex functions, over-expression of CAS proteins has now been strongly linked to poor prognosis and increased metastasis in cancer, as well as resistance to first-line chemotherapeutics in multiple tumor types including breast and lung cancers, glioblastoma, and melanoma. Further, CAS proteins have also been linked to additional pathological conditions including inflammatory disorders, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, as well as developmental defects. This review will explore the roles of the CAS proteins in normal and pathological states in the context of the many mechanistic insights into CAS protein function that have emerged in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Tikhmyanova
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Drexel University Medical School, Philadelphia, PA 19102 USA
| | - Joy L. Little
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
| | - Erica A. Golemis
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA
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Receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases in vascular biology of hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2010; 19:169-76. [DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e3283361c24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Bouallegue A, Vardatsikos G, Srivastava AK. Role of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor and c-Src in endothelin-1- and angiotensin II-induced PKB phosphorylation, and hypertrophic and proliferative responses in vascular smooth muscle cellsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in a special issue on Advances in Cardiovascular Research. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 87:1009-18. [DOI: 10.1139/y09-056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) and angiotensin II (Ang II) are vasoactive peptides believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular abnormalities such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, hypertrophy, and restenosis. The concept of transactivation of growth factor receptors, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), in triggering vasoactive peptide-induced signaling events has gained much recognition during the past several years. We have demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) plays a role in transducing the effect of H2O2, leading to protein kinase B (PKB) phosphorylation. Since vasoactive peptides elicit their responses through generation of reactive oxygen species, including H2O2, we investigated whether IGF-1R transactivation plays a similar role in ET-1- and Ang II-induced PKB phosphorylation and hypertrophic responses in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). AG1024, a specific inhibitor of IGF-1R protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), attenuated both ET-1- and Ang II-induced PKB phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. ET-1 and Ang II treatment also induced the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in the autophosphorylation sites of IGF-1R, which were blocked by AG1024. In addition, both ET-1 and Ang II evoked tyrosine phosphorylation of c-Src, a nonreceptor PTK, whereas pharmacological inhibition of c-Src PTK activity by PP2, a specific inhibitor of Src-family tyrosine kinase, significantly reduced PKB phosphorylation as well as tyrosine phosphorylation of IGF-1R induced by the 2 vasoactive peptides. Furthermore, protein and DNA synthesis enhanced by ET-1 and Ang II were attenuated by AG1024 and PP2. In conclusion, these data suggest that IGF-1R PTK and c-Src PTK play a critical role in mediating PKB phosphorylation as well as hypertrophic and proliferative responses induced by ET-1 and Ang II in A10 VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bouallegue
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Centre de Recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Technopole Angus Campus, and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - George Vardatsikos
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Centre de Recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Technopole Angus Campus, and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ashok K. Srivastava
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Centre de Recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Technopole Angus Campus, and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Mugabe BE, Yaghini FA, Song CY, Buharalioglu CK, Waters CM, Malik KU. Angiotensin II-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells is mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated c-Src through spleen tyrosine kinase and epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 332:116-24. [PMID: 19797620 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.109.157552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulates protein synthesis by activating spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) and DNA synthesis through epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This study was conducted to determine whether Syk mediates Ang II-induced migration of aortic VSMCs using a scratch wound approach. Treatment with Ang II (200 nM) for 24 h increased VSMC migration by 1.56 +/- 0.14-fold. Ang II-induced VSMC migration and Syk phosphorylation as determined by Western blot analysis were minimized by the Syk inhibitor piceatannol (10 microM) and by transfecting VSMCs with dominant-negative but not wild-type Syk plasmid. Ang II-induced VSMC migration and Syk phosphorylation were attenuated by inhibitors of c-Src [4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2)], p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) [4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)1H-imidazole (SB202190)], and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 [1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis(2-aminophenylthio) butadiene (U0126)]. SB202190 attenuated p38 MAPK and c-Src but not ERK1/2 phosphorylation, indicating that p38 MAPK acts upstream of c-Src and Syk. The c-Src inhibitor PP2 attenuated Syk and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting that c-Src acts upstream of Syk and ERK1/2. Ang II- and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced VSMC migration and EGFR phosphorylation were inhibited by the EGFR blocker 4-(3-chloroanilino)-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (AG1478) (2 microM). Neither the Syk inhibitor piceatannol nor the dominant-negative Syk mutant altered EGF-induced cell migration or Ang II- and EGF-induced EGFR phosphorylation. The c-Src inhibitor PP2 diminished EGF-induced VSMC migration and EGFR, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. The ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 (10 microM) attenuated EGF-induced cell migration and ERK1/2 but not EGFR phosphorylation. These data suggest that Ang II stimulates VSMC migration via p38 MAPK-activated c-Src through Syk and via EGFR transactivation through ERK1/2 and partly through p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benon E Mugabe
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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22
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Palumbo R, De Marchis F, Pusterla T, Conti A, Alessio M, Bianchi ME. Src family kinases are necessary for cell migration induced by extracellular HMGB1. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:617-23. [PMID: 19401391 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0908581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HMGB1 is a nuclear protein that signals tissue damage, as it is released by cells dying traumatically or secreted by activated innate immunity cells. Extracellular HMGB1 elicits the migration to the site of tissue damage of several cell types, including inflammatory cells and stem cells. The identity of the signaling pathways activated by extracellular HMGB1 is not known completely: We reported previously that ERK and NF-kappaB pathways are involved, and we report here that Src is also activated. The ablation of Src or inhibition with the kinase inhibitor PP2 blocks migration toward HMGB1. Src associates to and mediates the phosphorylation of FAK and the formation of focal adhesions.
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Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle is a key effector in the wall of blood vessels during the pathogenesis of hypertension. Various factors directly elicit smooth muscle cell contraction, migration, growth, and hypertrophy, which lead to the progression of hypertension. Crk-associated substrate (CAS), the first discovered member of the adapter protein CAS family, has recently emerged as a critical cellular component that regulates smooth muscle functions. In this review, the molecular structure and protein interactions of the CAS family members are summarized. Evidence for the role of CAS in the regulation of vascular smooth muscle contractility, cell migration, hypertrophy, and growth is presented. Regulation of CAS by novel tyrosine kinases/phosphatases and unique downstream signaling partners of CAS are also discussed. These new findings establish the important role for CAS in regulating vascular smooth muscle functions. The CAS-associated processes may be new biological targets for the development of new treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale D Tang
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA.
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Won KJ, Park SH, Park T, Lee CK, Lee HM, Choi WS, Kim SJ, Park PJ, Jang HK, Kim SH, Kim B. Cofilin phosphorylation mediates proliferation in response to platelet-derived growth factor-BB in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 108:372-9. [PMID: 19023180 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0072354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cofilin, an actin-binding protein, is essential for a variety of cell responses. In this study, we investigated the correlation between proliferation and cofilin phosphorylation in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). The phosphorylation of cofilin and activity of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were measured by Western analyses and proliferation in RASMCs was measured by BrdU incorporation assays. The phosphorylation of cofilin in RASMCs was decreased by PDGF-BB treatment at 10 min, but recovered to the level of the quiescent state at 60 min. PDGF-BB-induced dephosphorylation of cofilin was inhibited by pretreatment with piceatannol (a spleen tyrosine kinase [Syk] inhibitor), PP2 (a Src inhibitor), or SP600125 (a c-Jun N-terminal kinase [JNK] inhibitor), but not by PD98059, an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. PDGF-BB increased JNK activity and proliferation, and these responses were suppressed by kinase inhibitors and small interference RNA-cofilin. The results suggest that PDGF-BB-induced dephosphorylation of cofilin can be promoted via the JNK pathway, which is regulated by both Syk and Src kinases and that cofilin dephosphorylation may be involved in PDGF-BB-induced RASMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Jong Won
- Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
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Soe NN, Ishida T, Miho N, Ishida M, Sawano M, Abe K, Chayama K, Kihara Y, Yoshizumi M. Nifedipine Interferes with Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Inhibition of Pyk2-Src Axis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:230-8. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.e422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Ishizawa K, Izawa-Ishizawa Y, Ohnishi S, Motobayashi Y, Kawazoe K, Hamano S, Tsuchiya K, Tomita S, Minakuchi K, Tamaki T. Quercetin Glucuronide Inhibits Cell Migration and Proliferation by Platelet-Derived Growth Factor in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 109:257-64. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08236fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Suzuki H, Kimura K, Shirai H, Eguchi K, Higuchi S, Hinoki A, Ishimaru K, Brailoiu E, Dhanasekaran DN, Stemmle LN, Fields TA, Frank GD, Autieri MV, Eguchi S. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibits G12/13 and rho-kinase activated by the angiotensin II type-1 receptor: implication in vascular migration. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008; 29:217-24. [PMID: 19095998 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.181024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) is believed to antagonize vascular remodeling induced by the angiotensin II (AngII) type-1 receptor, the exact signaling mechanism remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS By expressing eNOS to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via adenovirus, we investigated a signal transduction mechanism of the eNOS gene transfer in preventing vascular remodeling induced by AngII. We found marked inhibition of AngII-induced Rho/Rho-kinase activation and subsequent VSMC migration by eNOS gene transfer whereas G(q)-dependent transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor by AngII remains intact. This could be explained by the specific inhibition of G(12/13) activation by eNOS-mediated G(12/13) phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS The eNOS/NO cascade specifically targets the Rho/Rho-kinase system via inhibition of G(12/13) to prevent vascular migration induced by AngII, representing a novel signal cross-talk in cardiovascular protection by NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Hallé M, Gomez MA, Stuible M, Shimizu H, McMaster WR, Olivier M, Tremblay ML. The Leishmania surface protease GP63 cleaves multiple intracellular proteins and actively participates in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inactivation. J Biol Chem 2008; 284:6893-908. [PMID: 19064994 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m805861200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Leishmania parasite is a widespread disease threat in tropical areas, causing symptoms ranging from skin lesions to death. Leishmania parasites typically invade macrophages but are also capable of infecting fibroblasts, which may serve as a reservoir for recurrent infection. Invasion by intracellular pathogens often involves exploitation of the host cell cytoskeletal and signaling machinery. Here we have observed a dramatic rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton and marked modifications in the profile of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in fibroblasts infected with Leishmania major. Correspondingly, exposure to L. major resulted in degradation of the phosphorylated adaptor protein p130Cas and the protein-tyrosine phosphatase-PEST. Cellular and in vitro assays using pharmacological protease inhibitors, recombinant enzyme, and genetically modified strains of L. major identified the parasite protease GP63 as the principal catalyst of proteolysis during infection. A number of additional signaling proteins were screened for degradation during L. major infection as follows: a small subset was cleaved, including cortactin, T-cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase, and caspase-3, but the majority remained unaffected. Protein degradation occurred in cells incubated with Leishmania extracts in the absence of intact parasites, suggesting a mechanism permitting transfer of functional GP63 into the intracellular space. Finally, we evaluated the impact of Leishmania on MAPK signaling; unlike p44/42 and JNK, p38 was inactivated upon infection in a GP63- and protein degradation-dependent manner, which likely involves cleavage of the upstream adaptor TAB1. Our results establish that GP63 plays a central role in a number of hostcell molecular events that likely contribute to the infectivity of Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Hallé
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
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Miyata K, Hitomi H, Guo P, Zhang GX, Kimura S, Kiyomoto H, Hosomi N, Kagami S, Kohno M, Nishiyama A. Possible involvement of Rho-kinase in aldosterone-induced vascular smooth muscle cell remodeling. Hypertens Res 2008; 31:1407-13. [PMID: 18957812 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.31.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence supporting potential roles of aldosterone in the pathogenesis of vascular injury. The present study aimed to determine the involvement of Rho-kinase in aldosterone-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) remodeling. In cultured rat VSMC, the effects of aldosterone on Rho-kinase activity, the reorganization of the cytoskeleton and cellular migration were examined. Aldosterone (1 nmol/L) significantly increased phosphorylation of myosin phosphate target subunit-1 (MYPT1), a marker of Rho-kinase activity, and the amount of GTP-Rho with a peak at 90 min in VSMC. Aldosterone also stimulated VSMC stress fiber formation and migration. These effects of aldosterone were markedly attenuated by pretreatment with eplerenone (10 micromol/L), a selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, or Y27632 (10 micromol/L), a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor. These findings indicate that Rho-kinase is involved in the pathogenesis of aldosterone-induced VSMC remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Miyata
- Life Sciences Research Center, Kagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
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30
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Clark MA, Guillaume G, Pierre-Louis HC. Angiotensin II induces proliferation of cultured rat astrocytes through c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Brain Res Bull 2008; 75:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Lee HM, Lee CK, Lee SH, Roh HY, Bae YM, Lee KY, Lim J, Park PJ, Park TK, Lee YL, Won KJ, Kim B. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase contributes to angiotensin II-stimulated migration of rat aortic smooth muscle cells. J Pharmacol Sci 2007; 105:74-81. [PMID: 17895590 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0070770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we clarified the intracellular mechanism of angiotensin II (Ang II) in promoting migration in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). RASMC migration was measured with the Boyden chamber assay, and the result was confirmed with an aortic sprout assay. The activities of kinases were investigated by western blot analysis. Ang II enhanced RASMC migration, which was chemotaxis directed, and induced the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27). Ang II-enhanced cell migration was inhibited by SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) and piceatannol (a spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitor), but only partially by PD98059 (an ERK inhibitor) and PP2 (a Src inhibitor). The Ang II-stimulated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and Hsp27 in RASMCs was inhibited by piceatannol and SB203580. The phosphorylation of ERK1/2 stimulated by Ang II was suppressed by PD98059, piceatannol, and PP2. Ang II increased the sprout outgrowth from aortic rings and this response was attenuated by pretreatment with SB203580, PD98059, PP2, or piceatannol. These results suggest that p38 MAPK contributes to the regulation of the Ang II-induced chemotactic migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, which is mediated by Hsp27 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Myung Lee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Danwol-dong 322, Chungju 380-701, Korea
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32
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Lee HM, Kim HJ, Park HJ, Won KJ, Kim J, Shin HS, Park PJ, Kim HJ, Lee KY, Park SH, Lee CK, Kim B. Spleen tyrosine kinase participates in src-mediated migration and proliferation by PDGF-BB in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Arch Pharm Res 2007; 30:761-9. [PMID: 17679556 DOI: 10.1007/bf02977640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases, Src and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), play crucial roles in cell responses to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and may have their functional interactions. In this study, we focused on investigating the roles of Syk in the regulation of Src signaling in PDGF-mediated vascular cell responses. Migration, proliferation, and activity of kinases were determined in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). PDGF-BB (10 ng/mL) induced the migration and proliferation of RASMCs, which were significantly inhibited by PP2 (10 microM) and piceatannol (30 microM), inhibitors of Src and Syk, respectively. The phosphorylation of Syk induced by PDGF-BB was abolished by PP2. PDGF-BB increased the co-association of the PDGFbeta-receptor and the kinases, Src or Syk, and its maximal binding to Src was achieved in a shorter time than that to Syk. PDGF-BB stimulated the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, which was inhibited by PP2 and piceatannol. PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration were inhibited by SB203580 (30 microM) and PD98059 (30 microM), inhibitors of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, respectively. These results imply that Syk is regulated by Src kinase, which participates in migration and proliferation in response to PDGF-BB in RASMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Becaplermin
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Diffusion Chambers, Culture
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Genes, src/physiology
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Immunoprecipitation
- In Vitro Techniques
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/drug effects
- Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Spleen/enzymology
- Wound Healing/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Myung Lee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea
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33
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Schröder K, Helmcke I, Palfi K, Krause KH, Busse R, Brandes RP. Nox1 mediates basic fibroblast growth factor-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:1736-43. [PMID: 17541028 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.142117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration. We determined whether bFGF increases SMC reactive oxygen-species (ROS) and studied the role of ROS for SMC migration. METHODS AND RESULTS bFGF rapidly increased rat SMC ROS formation and migration through pathways sensitive to inhibition of NADPH oxidases, PI3-kinase, protein kinase C, and Rac-1. SiRNA directed against the NADPH oxidase Nox4 impaired basal but not bFGF-induced ROS formation and did not affect migration. In contrast, siRNA against Nox1 blocked the agonist-induced ROS generation as well as the bFGF-induced migration. Agonist-induced migration was also attenuated in SMC derived from Nox1 y/- mice and transduction of Nox1 restored normal migration. Likewise, SMC outgrowth in response to bFGF was attenuated in aortic segments from Nox1 y/- mice as compared with Nox1 y/+ mice. bFGF activated JNK but not Src in a Nox1-dependent manner. Consequently, phosphorylation of the adaptor protein paxillin, which is central for migration and secretion of matrix-metalloproteinases, were dependent on Nox1 as well as JNK but not Src. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that bFGF activates the Nox1-containing NADPH oxidase and that bFGF through a pathway involving ROS and JNK stimulates SMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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34
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Genestra M. Oxyl radicals, redox-sensitive signalling cascades and antioxidants. Cell Signal 2007; 19:1807-19. [PMID: 17570640 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2007] [Accepted: 04/23/2007] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an increase in the reduction potential or a large decrease in the reducing capacity of the cellular redox couples. A particularly destructive aspect of oxidative stress is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include free radicals and peroxides. Some of the less reactive of these species can be converted by oxidoreduction reactions with transition metals into more aggressive radical species that can cause extensive cellular damage. In animals, ROS may influence cell proliferation, cell death (either apoptosis or necrosis) and the expression of genes, and may be involved in the activation of several signalling pathways, activating cell signalling cascades, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinases. Most of these oxygen-derived species are produced at a low level by normal aerobic metabolism and the damage they cause to cells is constantly repaired. The cellular redox environment is preserved by enzymes and antioxidants that maintain the reduced state through a constant input of metabolic energy. This review summarizes current studies that have been regarding the production of ROS and the general redox-sensitive targets of cell signalling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Genestra
- Department of Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365-Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, CEP 21045-900, RJ-Brazil.
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35
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Higuchi S, Ohtsu H, Suzuki H, Shirai H, Frank GD, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II signal transduction through the AT1 receptor: novel insights into mechanisms and pathophysiology. Clin Sci (Lond) 2007; 112:417-28. [PMID: 17346243 DOI: 10.1042/cs20060342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular signal transduction of AngII (angiotensin II) has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis and restenosis after injury. AT(1) receptor (AngII type-1 receptor), a G-protein-coupled receptor, mediates most of the physiological and pathophysiological actions of AngII, and this receptor is predominantly expressed in cardiovascular cells, such as VSMCs (vascular smooth muscle cells). AngII activates various signalling molecules, including G-protein-derived second messengers, protein kinases and small G-proteins (Ras, Rho, Rac etc), through the AT(1) receptor leading to vascular remodelling. Growth factor receptors, such as EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), have been demonstrated to be 'trans'-activated by the AT(1) receptor in VSMCs to mediate growth and migration. Rho and its effector Rho-kinase/ROCK are also implicated in the pathological cellular actions of AngII in VSMCs. Less is known about the endothelial AngII signalling; however, recent studies suggest the endothelial AngII signalling positively, as well as negatively, regulates the NO (nitric oxide) signalling pathway and, thereby, modulates endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, selective AT(1)-receptor-interacting proteins have recently been identified that potentially regulate AngII signal transduction and their pathogenic functions in the target organs. In this review, we focus our discussion on the recent findings and concepts that suggest the existence of the above-mentioned novel signalling mechanisms whereby AngII mediates the formation of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaharu Higuchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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36
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Callera GE, Montezano AC, Yogi A, Tostes RC, Touyz RM. Vascular signaling through cholesterol-rich domains: implications in hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2007; 16:90-104. [PMID: 17293683 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e328040bfbd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Lipid rafts are emerging as key players in the integration of cellular responses. Alterations in these highly regulated signaling cascades are important in structural, mechanical and functional abnormalities that underlie vascular pathological processes. The present review focuses on recent advances in signal transduction through caveolae/lipid rafts, implicated in hypertensive processes. RECENT FINDINGS Caveolae/lipid rafts function as sites of dynamic regulatory events in receptor-induced signal transduction. Mediators of vascular function, including G-protein coupled receptors, Src family tyrosine kinases, receptor tyrosine kinases, protein phosphatases and nitric oxide synthase, are concentrated within these microdomains. The assembly of functionally active nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and subsequent reactive oxygen species production are also dependent on interactions within the caveolae/lipid rafts. Recent findings have also demonstrated the importance of actin-cytoskeleton and focal adhesion sites for protein interactions with caveolae/lipid raft. SUMMARY Many vascular signaling processes are altered in hypertension. Whether these events involve lipid rafts/caveolae remains unclear. A better understanding of how signaling molecules compartmentalize in lipid rafts/caveolae will provide further insights into molecular mechanisms underlying vascular damage in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia E Callera
- Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Health Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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37
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Ogden K, Thompson JM, Hickner Z, Huang T, Tang DD, Watts SW. A new signaling paradigm for serotonin: use of Crk-associated substrate in arterial contraction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 291:H2857-63. [PMID: 16861698 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00229.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Crk-associated substrate (CAS), a 130-kDa adaptor protein, was discovered as a tyrosine kinase substrate of Src that was important to cellular motility and actin filament formation. As the tyrosine kinase Src is utilized by the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2A receptor in arterial contraction, we tested the hypothesis that CAS was integral to 5-HT2A receptor-mediated vasoconstriction. Rat thoracic aorta was used as a model of the arterial 5-HT2A receptor. Western and immunohistochemistry analyses validated the presence of CAS in the aorta, and tissue bath experiments demonstrated reduction of contraction to 5-HT (13.5 ± 5% control maximum) and the 5-HT2 receptor agonist α-methyl-5-HT (6 ± 2% maximum) by latrunculin B (10−6 mol/l), an actin disruptor. In aorta contracted with 5-HT (10−5 mol/l), tyrosine phosphorylation (Tyr410) of CAS was significantly increased (∼225%), and both contraction and CAS phosphorylation were reduced by the 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist ketanserin (3 × 10−8 mol/l). Src is one candidate for 5-HT-stimulated CAS tyrosyl-phosphorylation as 5-HT promoted interaction of Src and CAS in coimmunoprecipitation experiments, and the Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP1 (10−5 mol/l) abolished 5-HT-induced tyrosyl-phosphorylation of CAS and reduced 5-HT- and α-methyl-5-HT-induced contraction. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides delivered to the aorta reduced CAS expression (33% control) and arterial contraction to α-methyl-5-HT (45% of control), independent of changes in myosin light chain phosphorylation. These data are the first to implicate CAS in the signal transduction of 5-HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Ogden
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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38
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Laukeviciene A, Brecht S, Kevelaitis E, Herdegen T. Enhanced contractility of small blood vessels in JNK knockout mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2006; 29:335-9. [PMID: 16949803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2006.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2005] [Revised: 06/12/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) form a subfamily of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). These signalling pathways regulate various processes such as mitosis, cellular differentiation, stress response or apoptosis in multicellular organisms. There is rising evidence about the role of JNKs activities in neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases as well as in immunological disorders. The physiological functions of JNKs, however, remain to be elucidated. Recent data have demonstrated an essential role of JNKs in the cardiovascular system and the regulation of carbon hydrate and glucose metabolism. Therefore, we have investigated the contractility of blood vessels in mice with genetically deleted JNK1, JNK2, JNK3 and JNK2+3 isoforms and their respective wildtypes. The contractility of the isolated segments from A. carotis communis was measured by small blood vessel wire myograph. Contraction induced by 80 mM KCl was significantly increased in arteries from JNK2+3 double knockout compared to controls and single knockouts. The maximal contraction generated by the alpha-agonists phenylephrine or noradrenaline (10 microM) was significantly enhanced in JNK2+3 knockout arteries compared with arteries from the remaining strains. Inhibition of NOS by Nw-nitro-l-arginine did not change the pattern of vasoconstriction, but vasoconstriction by noradrenaline following NOS inhibition was significantly enhanced in the arteries from JNK2+3 double knockout mice. In conclusion, genetic deletion of JNK2+3 in mice results in altered contractility of carotid arteries and this might depend on the function of the smooth muscles rather than on the endothelium. These findings have implications for the long-term treatment with pharmacological JNK inhibitors for neurodegenerative or metabolic diseases such as stroke or diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ale Laukeviciene
- Department of Physiology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Mickeviciaus 9, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Liu J, Shimosawa T, Matsui H, Meng F, Supowit SC, DiPette DJ, Ando K, Fujita T. Adrenomedullin inhibits angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress via Csk-mediated inhibition of Src activity. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 292:H1714-21. [PMID: 17071733 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00486.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that adrenomedullin (AM) protects against angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced cardiovascular damage through the attenuation of increased oxidative stress observed in AM-deficient mice. However, the mechanism(s) that underlie this activity remain unclear. To address this question, we investigated the effect of AM on ANG II-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). ANG II markedly increased ROS production through activation of NADPH oxidase. This effect was significantly attenuated by AM in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was mimicked by dibutyl-cAMP and blocked by pretreatment with N-[2-(p-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulfonamide hydrochloride (H-89), a protein kinase A inhibitor, and CGRP(8-37), an AM/CGRP receptor antagonist. This inhibitory effect of AM was also lost following the expression of a constitutively active Src. Moreover, AM intersected ANG II signaling by inducing COOH-terminal Src kinase (Csk) activation that, in turn, inhibits Src activation. These data, for the first time, demonstrate that AM attenuates the ANG II-induced increase in ROS in VSMCs via activation of Csk, thereby inhibiting Src activity.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenomedullin/pharmacology
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Animals
- Antioxidants/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- CSK Tyrosine-Protein Kinase
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Enzyme Activation/physiology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Tyrosine/metabolism
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Departments of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Ohtsu H, Suzuki H, Nakashima H, Dhobale S, Frank GD, Motley ED, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction Through Small GTP-Binding Proteins. Hypertension 2006; 48:534-40. [PMID: 16923993 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000237975.90870.eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Ohtsu
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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41
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Yoshizumi M, Ishizawa K, Izawa Y, Tamaki T. [Intracellular signal transduction of vascular injury in insulin resistance]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2006; 128:147-52. [PMID: 16971777 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.128.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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42
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Buitrago CG, Ronda AC, de Boland AR, Boland R. MAP kinases p38 and JNK are activated by the steroid hormone 1alpha,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 in the C2C12 muscle cell line. J Cell Biochem 2006; 97:698-708. [PMID: 16215981 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In chick skeletal muscle cell primary cultures, we previously demonstrated that 1alpha,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 [1alpha,25(OH)2D3], the hormonally active form of vitamin D, increases the phosphorylation and activity of the extracellular signal-regulated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase isoforms ERK1 and ERK2, their subsequent translocation to the nucleus and involvement in DNA synthesis stimulation. In this study, we show that other members of the MAP kinase superfamily are also activated by the hormone. Using the muscle cell line C2C12 we found that 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 within 1 min phosphorylates and increases the activity of p38 MAPK. The immediately upstream mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases 3/6 (MKK3/MKK6) were also phosphorylated by the hormone suggesting their participation in p38 activation. 1Alpha,25(OH)2D3 was able to dephosphorylate/activate the ubiquitous cytosolic tyrosine kinase c-Src in C2C12 cells and studies with specific inhibitors imply that Src participates in hormone induced-p38 activation. Of relevance, 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 induced in the C2C12 line the stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activating protein kinase 2 (MAPKAP-kinase 2) and subsequent phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in a p38 kinase activation-dependent manner. Treatment with the p38 inhibitor, SB203580, blocked p38 phosphorylation caused by the hormone and inhibited the phosphorylation of its downstrean substrates. 1Alpha,25(OH)2D3 also promotes the phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal protein kinases (JNK 1/2), the response is fast (0.5-1 min) and maximal phosphorylation of the enzyme is observed at physiological doses of 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 (1 nM). The relative contribution of ERK-1/2, p38, and JNK-1/2 and their interrelationships in hormonal regulation of muscle cell proliferation and differentiation remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia G Buitrago
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica & Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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43
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Rice KM, Preston DL, Walker EM, Blough ER. Aging influences multiple incidices of oxidative stress in the aortic media of the Fischer 344/NNiaxBrown Norway/BiNia rat. Free Radic Res 2006; 40:185-97. [PMID: 16390828 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500464957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, we determine the influence of aging on multiple markers of oxidative stress in the aorta of adult (6-month), aged (30-month) and very aged (36-month) Fischer 344/NNiaHSdxBrown Norway/BiNia (F344/NxBN) rats. Compared to adults, increases in as determined by oxidation of hydroethidine (HE) to ethidium (Et) were increased 79.7+/-7.0% in 36-month aortae and this finding was highly correlated with increases in medal thickness (r=0.773, p<0.01) and total protein nitration (r=0.706, p<0.01) but not Ki67, a marker for cell proliferation. Regression analysis showed that increases in aortic superoxide anion (O.-2) with aging were significantly correlated with changes in the expression and/or regulation of proteins involved in metabolic (AMPK-alpha), signaling (mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) along with c-Src), apoptotic (Bax, Bcl-2, Traf-2) and transcriptional (NF-kappaB) activities. These results suggest that the aging F344/NxBN aorta may be highly suited for unraveling the molecular events that lead to age-associated alterations in aortic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Rice
- Marshall University, Department of Biological Sciences, Huntington, WV 2755-1090, USA
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44
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Li L, Zhu DL, Shen WL, Gao PJ. Increased Migration of Vascular Adventitial Fibroblasts from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Hypertens Res 2006; 29:95-103. [PMID: 16755143 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.29.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidence has suggested that vascular adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) may migrate into the neointima of arteries after balloon injury in various animal models. However, the research on migration of AFs has been limited to the effects of acute vascular injury. The role of AFs in chronic vascular injury and hypertension is not yet known. In this study, the migration of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR)-AFs and Wistar-Kyoto rat (WKY)-AFs from the thoracic aorta was determined by a transwell technique. Our results showed that fetal calf serum, angiotensin II (Ang II), phorbol ester, basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor-BB induced migration in a dose-dependent manner, and the migration of SHR-AFs was always greater than that of WKY-AFs. Ang II-induced migration of AFs was considered to have been mediated by Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1-R), because the AT1-R antagonist losartan (10(-7)-10(-5) mol/l) suppressed Ang II-induced migration. Ang II-induced migration was also blocked by the extracellular-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor PD98059 (10(-5) mol/l) and p38 kinase inhibitor SB202190 (10(-5) mol/l), indicating that ERK1/2 and p38 kinase were involved in Ang II-induced migration. Ang II (10(-7) mol/l)-induced ERK1/2 and p38 kinase phosphorylation, both of which peaked after 5 min, were suppressed by PD98059 and SB202190, respectively. The Ang-II induced phosphorylation of both proteins was suppressed by losartan, whereas no effect was observed with PD123319, a specific inhibitor of Ang II type 2 receptor (AT2-R). Thus, in the present study, various factors stimulated the migration of SHR-AFs and, to a leber extent, WKY-AFs from the thoracic aorta, and the ERK1/2 and p38 kinase pathways are involved in Ang II-stimulated migration of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Ruijin Hospital and Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
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45
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Ali N, Yoshizumi M, Yano S, Sone S, Ohnishi H, Ishizawa K, Kanematsu Y, Tsuchiya K, Tamaki T. The Novel Src Kinase Inhibitor M475271 Inhibits VEGF-Induced Vascular Endothelial-Cadherin and β-Catenin Phosphorylation but Increases Their Association. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 102:112-20. [PMID: 16974068 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0060357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
M475271, 4-quinazolinamine, N-(2-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-[(1-methyl-4-piperidinyl) methoxy]-(9Cl), is a new anilinoquinazoline derivative that displays selective inhibition of Src kinase activity and tumor growth in vivo. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in tumor growth and metastasis. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is an endothelial cell-specific adhesion molecule that can interact with the cytoskeleton via several anchoring molecules such as beta-catenin. Here, we examined the effect of M475271 on VE-cadherin and beta-catenin phosphorylation and association. We also examined its effect on VEGF-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, migration, and tube formation. The findings reveal pretreatment with M475271 significantly inhibits VEGF-induced VE-cadherin and beta-catenin phosphorylation. However, M475271 significantly increases VE-cadherin and beta-catenin association compared to the VEGF-treated group. Confocal laser microscopic examination confirmed the augmentation effect of M475271 on VE-cadherin and beta-catenin association. Finally, M475271 was shown to have inhibitory effects comparable to those of PP2 and Herbimycin A on VEGF-induced HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. These findings suggest that M475271 attenuates VEGF-induced angiogenesis by maintaining cell-cell junction stability. Although the involvement of other signaling molecules cannot be ruled out, M475271 has potential as a drug for the inhibition of the angiogenesis needed for tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Institute of Health Biosciences, Japan
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46
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Hunyady L, Catt KJ. Pleiotropic AT1 receptor signaling pathways mediating physiological and pathogenic actions of angiotensin II. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 20:953-70. [PMID: 16141358 DOI: 10.1210/me.2004-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 402] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates a wide spectrum of signaling responses via the AT1 receptor (AT1R) that mediate its physiological control of blood pressure, thirst, and sodium balance and its diverse pathological actions in cardiovascular, renal, and other cell types. Ang II-induced AT1R activation via Gq/11 stimulates phospholipases A2, C, and D, and activates inositol trisphosphate/Ca2+ signaling, protein kinase C isoforms, and MAPKs, as well as several tyrosine kinases (Pyk2, Src, Tyk2, FAK), scaffold proteins (G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 1, p130Cas, paxillin, vinculin), receptor tyrosine kinases, and the nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. The AT1R also signals via Gi/o and G11/12 and stimulates G protein-independent signaling pathways, such as beta-arrestin-mediated MAPK activation and the Jak/STAT. Alterations in homo- or heterodimerization of the AT1R may also contribute to its pathophysiological roles. Many of the deleterious actions of AT1R activation are initiated by locally generated, rather than circulating, Ang II and are concomitant with the harmful effects of aldosterone in the cardiovascular system. AT1R-mediated overproduction of reactive oxygen species has potent growth-promoting, proinflammatory, and profibrotic actions by exerting positive feedback effects that amplify its signaling in cardiovascular cells, leukocytes, and monocytes. In addition to its roles in cardiovascular and renal disease, agonist-induced activation of the AT1R also participates in the development of metabolic diseases and promotes tumor progression and metastasis through its growth-promoting and proangiogenic activities. The recognition of Ang II's pathogenic actions is leading to novel clinical applications of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and AT1R antagonists, in addition to their established therapeutic actions in essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Hunyady
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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47
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Ohtsu H, Mifune M, Frank GD, Saito S, Inagami T, Kim-Mitsuyama S, Takuwa Y, Sasaki T, Rothstein JD, Suzuki H, Nakashima H, Woolfolk EA, Motley ED, Eguchi S. Signal-Crosstalk Between Rho/ROCK and c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Mediates Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Stimulated by Angiotensin II. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25:1831-6. [PMID: 15994438 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000175749.41799.9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rho and its effector Rho-kinase/ROCK mediate cytoskeletal reorganization as well as smooth muscle contraction. Recent studies indicate that Rho and ROCK are critically involved in vascular remodeling. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Rho/ROCK are critically involved in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by mediating a specific signal cross-talk. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunoblotting demonstrated that Ang II stimulated phosphorylation of a ROCK substrate, regulatory myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT)-1. Phosphorylation of MYPT-1 as well as migration of VSMCs induced by Ang II was inhibited by dominant-negative Rho (dnRho) or ROCK inhibitor, Y27632. Ang II-induced c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) activation, but extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation was not mediated through Rho/ROCK. Thus, infection of adenovirus encoding dnJNK inhibited VSMC migration by Ang II. We have further demonstrated that the Rho/ROCK activation by Ang II requires protein kinase C-delta (PKCdelta) and proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) activation, but not epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation. Also, VSMCs express PDZ-Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and Ang II stimulated PYK2 association with tyrosine phosphorylated PDZ-RhoGEF. CONCLUSIONS PKCdelta/PYK2-dependent Rho/ROCK activation through PDZ-RhoGEF mediates Ang II-induced VSMC migration via JNK activation in VSMCs, providing a novel mechanistic role of the Rho/ROCK cascade that is involved in vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Ohtsu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, 3420 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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48
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Zhang J, Mruk DD, Cheng CY. Myotubularin phosphoinositide phosphatases, protein phosphatases, and kinases: their roles in junction dynamics and spermatogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2005; 204:470-83. [PMID: 15690393 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis in the seminiferous epithelium of the mammalian testis is a dynamic cellular event. It involves extensive restructuring at the Sertoli-germ cell interface, permitting germ cells to traverse the epithelium from basal to adluminal compartment. As such, Sertoli-germ cell actin-based adherens junctions (AJ), such as ectoplasmic specializations (ES), must disassemble and reassemble to facilitate this event. Recent studies have shown that AJ dynamics are regulated by intricate interactions between AJ integral membrane proteins (e.g., cadherins, alpha6beta1 integrins and nectins), phosphatases, kinases, adaptors, and the underlying cytoskeleton network. For instance, the myotubularin (MTM) phosphoinositide (PI) phosphatases, such as MTM related protein 2 (MTMR2), can form a functional complex with c-Src (a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase). In turn, this phosphatase/kinase complex associates with beta-catenin, a constituent of the N-cadherin/beta-catenin functional unit at the AJ site. This MTMR2-c-Src-beta-catenin complex apparently regulates the phosphorylation status of beta-catenin, which determines cell adhesive function conferred by the cadherin-catenin protein complex in the seminiferous epithelium. In this review, we discuss the current status of research on selected phosphatases and kinases, and how these proteins potentially interact with adaptors at AJ in the seminiferous epithelium to regulate cell adhesion in the testis. Specific research areas that are open for further investigation are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhang
- Population Council, Center for Biomedical Research, New York, New York, USA
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49
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Ishizawa K, Izawa Y, Ito H, Miki C, Miyata K, Fujita Y, Kanematsu Y, Tsuchiya K, Tamaki T, Nishiyama A, Yoshizumi M. Aldosterone stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 activation. Hypertension 2005; 46:1046-52. [PMID: 16087789 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000172622.51973.f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nongenomic effects of aldosterone have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases. Aldosterone-induced nongenomic effects are attributable in part to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), a classical mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Big MAP kinase 1 (BMK1), a newly identified MAP kinase, has been shown to be involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. We examined whether aldosterone stimulates BMK1-mediated proliferation of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression and localization were evaluated by Western blotting analysis and fluorolabeling methods. ERK1/2 and BMK1 activities were measured by Western blotting analysis with the respective phosphospecific antibodies. Cell proliferation was determined by Alamar Blue colorimetric assay. Aldosterone (0.1 to 100 nmol/L) dose-dependently activated BMK1 in RASMCs, with a peak at 30 minutes. To clarify whether aldosterone-induced BMK1 activation is an MR-mediated phenomenon, we examined the effect of eplerenone, a selective MR antagonist, on aldosterone-induced BMK1 activation. Eplerenone (0.1 to 10 micromol/L) dose-dependently inhibited aldosterone-induced BMK1 activation in RASMCs. Aldosterone also stimulated RASMC proliferation, which was inhibited by eplerenone. Aldosterone-mediated phenomena were concluded to be attributable to a nongenomic effect because cycloheximide failed to inhibit aldosterone-induced BMK1 activation. Transfection of dominant-negative MAP kinase/ERK kinase 5 (MEK5), which is an upstream regulator of BMK1, partially inhibited aldosterone-induced RASMC proliferation, which was almost completely inhibited by MEK inhibitor PD98059. In addition to the classical steroid activity, rapid nongenomic effects induced by aldosterone may represent an alternative etiology for vascular diseases such as hypertension.
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MESH Headings
- 1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-Disulfonic Acid Disodium Salt/pharmacology
- Aldosterone/pharmacology
- Animals
- Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cycloheximide/pharmacology
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Eplerenone
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Genes, Dominant
- MAP Kinase Kinase 5/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 7/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Protein Synthesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/metabolism
- Spironolactone/analogs & derivatives
- Spironolactone/pharmacology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ishizawa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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50
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Izawa Y, Yoshizumi M, Fujita Y, Ali N, Kanematsu Y, Ishizawa K, Tsuchiya K, Obata T, Ebina Y, Tomita S, Tamaki T. ERK1/2 activation by angiotensin II inhibits insulin-induced glucose uptake in vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Cell Res 2005; 308:291-9. [PMID: 15921682 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 04/25/2005] [Accepted: 04/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests a relationship between hypertension and insulin resistance, and cross-talk between angiotensin II (Ang II) and insulin signaling pathways may take place. We now report the effect of Ang II on insulin-induced glucose uptake and its intracellular mechanisms in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). We examined the translocation of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) and glucose uptake in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC). Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and Akt activities, and phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) at the serine and tyrosine residues were measured by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. As a result, Ang II inhibited insulin-induced GLUT-4 translocation from cytoplasm to the plasma membrane in RASMC. Ang II induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation and IRS-1 phosphorylation at Ser307 and Ser616. Ang II-induced Ser307 and Ser616 phophorylation of IRS-1 was inhibited by a MEK inhibitor, PD98059, and a JNK inhibitor, SP600125. Ang II inhibition of insulin-stimulated IRS-1 tyrosyl phophorylation and Akt activation were reversed by PD98059 but not by SP600125. Ang II inhibited insulin-induced glucose uptake, which was also reversed by PD98059 but not by SP600125. It is shown that Ang II-induced ERK1/2 activation inhibits insulin-dependent glucose uptake through serine phophorylation of IRS-1 in RASMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Izawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto 770-8503, Japan
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