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Jiang A, Xu F, Fang H, Zhang C, Chen S, Sun D. Direct Ink Writing of Liquid Metal on Hydrogel through Oxides Introduction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39231294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based flexible electronics have been widely investigated in electronic skin and wearable sensors. However, the challenge of matching the modulus between the hydrogel and the electrode underscores the critical importance of flexibility of the electrode. Gallium-based liquid metals (GaLMs) are ideal electrode materials for flexible substrates due to their high conductivity and stretchability. However, the ease of aggregation and lack of adhesion happen when patterning GaLMs on hydrogel surfaces. This work proposes a direct ink writing (DIW) of highly oxidized EGaIn (hoEGaIn) on an acrylamide (AAm) hydrogel. The interface is modulated by increasing the oxide content to improve the printability. Compared to EGaIn with an oxide layer, hoEGaIn displays a lower surface tension dropped by about 28.5%, higher adhesion (an increase of about 24.4%), and lower contact angles. These optimized interface properties significantly improve its wettability and DIW stability on AAm hydrogel substrates. A minimum line width of 65 μm is obtained by regulating DIW parameters. Meanwhile, hoEGaIn exhibits impressive multisubstrate printability and conductivity of up to 2.22 × 106 S·m-1. Furthermore, a cantilever beam strain sensor is manufactured by DIW hoEGaIn on an AAm hydrogel, which exhibits fast response and recovery, excellent dynamic response, and stability. This study demonstrates a potential method for the DIW of GaLMs on hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acan Jiang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haohang Fang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Changrui Zhang
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Songyue Chen
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Daoheng Sun
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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2
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Tang H, Li Y, Liao S, Liu H, Qiao Y, Zhou J. Multifunctional Conductive Hydrogel Interface for Bioelectronic Recording and Stimulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400562. [PMID: 38773929 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed the rapid advancement and broad applications of flexible bioelectronics, in wearable and implantable electronics, brain-computer interfaces, neural science and technology, clinical diagnosis, treatment, etc. It is noteworthy that soft and elastic conductive hydrogels, owing to their multiple similarities with biological tissues in terms of mechanics, electronics, water-rich, and biological functions, have successfully bridged the gap between rigid electronics and soft biology. Multifunctional hydrogel bioelectronics, emerging as a new generation of promising material candidates, have authentically established highly compatible and reliable, high-quality bioelectronic interfaces, particularly in bioelectronic recording and stimulation. This review summarizes the material basis and design principles involved in constructing hydrogel bioelectronic interfaces, and systematically discusses the fundamental mechanism and unique advantages in bioelectrical interfacing with the biological surface. Furthermore, an overview of the state-of-the-art manufacturing strategies for hydrogel bioelectronic interfaces with enhanced biocompatibility and integration with the biological system is presented. This review finally exemplifies the unprecedented advancement and impetus toward bioelectronic recording and stimulation, especially in implantable and integrated hydrogel bioelectronic systems, and concludes with a perspective expectation for hydrogel bioelectronics in clinical and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfang Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Shufei Liao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Houfang Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yancong Qiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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3
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Li M, Mao A, Guan Q, Saiz E. Nature-inspired adhesive systems. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:8240-8305. [PMID: 38982929 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00764b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Many organisms in nature thrive in intricate habitats through their unique bio-adhesive surfaces, facilitating tasks such as capturing prey and reproduction. It's important to note that the remarkable adhesion properties found in these natural biological surfaces primarily arise from their distinct micro- and nanostructures and/or chemical compositions. To create artificial surfaces with superior adhesion capabilities, researchers delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms of these captivating adhesion phenomena to draw inspiration. This article provides a systematic overview of various biological surfaces with different adhesion mechanisms, focusing on surface micro- and nanostructures and/or chemistry, offering design principles for their artificial counterparts. Here, the basic interactions and adhesion models of natural biological surfaces are introduced first. This will be followed by an exploration of research advancements in natural and artificial adhesive surfaces including both dry adhesive surfaces and wet/underwater adhesive surfaces, along with relevant adhesion characterization techniques. Special attention is paid to stimulus-responsive smart artificial adhesive surfaces with tunable adhesive properties. The goal is to spotlight recent advancements, identify common themes, and explore fundamental distinctions to pinpoint the present challenges and prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Centre of Advanced Structural Ceramics, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Anran Mao
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qingwen Guan
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Eduardo Saiz
- Centre of Advanced Structural Ceramics, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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4
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Jiang L, Xiang S, Ji X, Lei J, Li D, Li S, Xiao L, Jiang L, Zhao L, Wang Y. Design of a double-layered material as a long-acting moisturizing hydrogel-elastomer and its application in the field protection of elephant ivories excavated from the Sanxingdui Ruins. RSC Adv 2024; 14:24845-24855. [PMID: 39119283 PMCID: PMC11307256 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03919j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The sudden change in the environment from a dark, low-oxygen, low-temperature, high-humidity underground stable environment to an environment with much-improved temperature and humidity, a high oxygen content, enhanced light exposure, and increased harmful organisms has greatly affected the stability of the ivory unearthed from the Sanxingdui site. Therefore, the implementation of an effective emergency protection strategy for ivory excavated at Sanxingdui is imperative and urgently needed. However, the current gauze technique used at many archaeological sites suffers from short timescales, poor transparency of the material, and susceptibility to reverse osmosis of the ivory. Therefore, in this study, a transparent poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid) (P(AM-AA)) hydrogel-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer bilayer was designed for the effective protection of excavated ivory. In this system, a hydrophobic PDMS elastomer was constructed on the surface of the hydrogel by the introduction of a silane coupling agent to inhibit the loss of water from the hydrogel to the external environment, thus prolonging the preservation of ivory by the protective material. The covalent interface between the hydrogel and the elastomer allowed the double-layer composite to exhibit excellent interfacial bonding. In addition, the double-layer material demonstrated a high mechanical strength of 1.2 MPa and a water binding ratio of ∼31%, which allowed it to form strong hydrogen bonds with the silanol structure. When the hydrogel was placed in an air environment (temperature: 25 °C; relative humidity: 65% RH), the water-retention rate of the double-layer material was still more than 60% after 5 days, thus the double-layer material showed excellent performance. Meanwhile, the double-layer material had a transmittance of more than 90% and exhibited a high degree of transparency, which makes it possible to promptly observe the changes occurring on the surface of the ivory. The combination of the aforementioned properties makes the bilayer a promising material for moisturizing and protecting excavated ivory in situ. Based on these properties, we used the prepared P(AM-AA)/PDMS double-layer material directly for wrapping the K8 ivory with the highest water content at Sanxingdui. The weight retention rate of the ivory was around 70% after 50 days of placement (temperature: 25 °C; relative humidity: 60% RH), the macroscopic morphology did not change significantly and the mechanical properties of the wrapped ivory were basically unchanged, which indicated that the double-layer material has an excellent on-site protection effect on the ivory excavated from Sanxingdui. This work provides new ideas and methods for the temporary conservation of wet heritage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 China
| | - Shilin Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 China
| | - Xiaoying Ji
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Jinshan Lei
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Dongliang Li
- Cigar Fermentation Technology Key Laboratory of China Tobacco, Industrial Efficient Utilization of Domestic Cigar Tobacco Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China Tobacco Sichuan Industrial Co., Ltd Chengdu 610066 China
| | - Sifan Li
- Sichuan Province Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Chengdu 610072 China
| | - Luman Jiang
- Chengdu Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Chengdu 610072 China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University Chengdu 610068 China
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5
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Zhang M, Zhao L, Tian F, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Yang X, Huang W, Yu R. Bionic Artificial Skin Based on Self-Healable Ionogel Composites with Tailored Mechanics and Robust Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405776. [PMID: 38966888 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Bionic artificial skin which imitates the features and functions of human skin, has broad applications in wearable human-machine interfaces. However, equipping artificial materials with skin-like mechanical properties, self-healing ability, and high sensitivity remains challenging. Here, inspired by the structure of human skin, an artificial skin based on ionogel composites with tailored mechanical properties and robust interface is prepared. Combining finite element analysis and direct ink writing (DIW) 3D printing technology, an ionogel composite with a rigid skeleton and an ionogel matrix is precisely designed and fabricated, realizing the mechanical anisotropy and nonlinear mechanical response that accurately mimic human skin. Robust interface is created through co-curing of the skeleton and matrix resins, significantly enhancing the stability of the composite. The realization of self-healing ability and resistance to crack growth further ensure the remarkable durability of the artificial skin for sensing application. In summary, the bionic artificial skin mimics the characteristics of human skin, including mechanical anisotropy, nonlinear mechanical response, self-healing capability, durability and high sensitivity when applied as flexible sensors. These strategies provide strong support for the fabrication of tissue-like materials with adaptive mechanical behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manwen Zhang
- Key laboratory of science and technology on high-tech polymer materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- Key laboratory of science and technology on high-tech polymer materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Feng Tian
- Key laboratory of science and technology on high-tech polymer materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhao
- Key laboratory of science and technology on high-tech polymer materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key laboratory of science and technology on high-tech polymer materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key laboratory of science and technology on high-tech polymer materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key laboratory of science and technology on high-tech polymer materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
| | - Ran Yu
- Key laboratory of science and technology on high-tech polymer materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, P. R. China
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6
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Wang ZJ, Lin J, Nakajima T, Gong JP. Hydrogel morphogenesis induced by force-controlled growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402587121. [PMID: 38923994 PMCID: PMC11228514 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402587121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis is one of the most marvelous natural phenomena. The morphological characteristics of biological organs develop through growth, which is often triggered by mechanical force. In this study, we propose a bioinspired strategy for hydrogel morphogenesis through force-controlled chemical reaction and growth under isothermal conditions. We adopted a double network (DN) hydrogel with sacrificial bonds. Applying mechanical force to the gel caused deformation and sacrificial bond rupture. By supplying monomers to the gel, the radicals generated by the bond rupture triggered the formation of a new network inside the deformed gel. This new network conferred plasticity to the elastic gel, allowing it to maintain its deformed shape, along with increased volume and strength. We demonstrated that sheet-shaped DN hydrogels rapidly adopted various three-dimensional shapes at ambient temperature when subjected to forces such as drawing and blowing. This mechanism enables morphogenesis of elastic hydrogels and will promote the application of these materials in biomedical fields and soft machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Jian Wang
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Ji Lin
- Center for Mechanics Plus under Extreme Environments, School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Tasuku Nakajima
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jian Ping Gong
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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7
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Tang J, Zhang Y, Qi C, Li B, Wu Y, Ma S, Ma Y, Yu Q, Yang W, Xi P, Yu B, Zhou F. Robust and Lubricating Interface Semi-Interpenetrating Network on Inert Polymer Substrates Enabled by Subsurface-Initiated Polymerization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403303. [PMID: 39031810 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Lubricating hydrogel coatings on inert rubber and plastic surfaces significantly reduce friction and wear, thus enhancing material durability and lifespan. However, achieving optimal hydration lubrication typically requires a porous polymer network, which unfortunately reduces their mechanical strength and limits their applicability where robust durability and wear-resistance are essential. In the research, a hydrogel coating with remarkable wear resistance and surface stability is developed by forming a semi-interpenetrating polymer network with polymer substrate at the interface. By employing a good solvent swelling method, monomers, and photoinitiators are embedded within the substrates' subsurface, followed by in situ polymerization under ultraviolet light, creating a robust semi-interpenetrating and entangled network structure. This approach, offering a thicker energy-dissipating layer, outperforms traditional surface modifications in wear resistance while preserving anti-fatigue, hydrophilicity, oleophobicity, and other properties. Adaptable to various rubber and plastic substrates by using suitable solvents, this method provides an efficient solution for creating durable, lubricating surfaces, broadening the potential applications in multiple industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Changmin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shuanhong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiangliang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wufang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Pinxian Xi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Zhang M, Gao Z, Hakobyan K, Li W, Gu Z, Peng S, Liang K, Xu J. Rapid, Tough, and Trigger-Detachable Hydrogel Adhesion Enabled by Formation of Nanoparticles In Situ. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310572. [PMID: 38247188 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Integrating hydrogel with other materials is always challenging due to the low mass content of hydrogels and the abundance of water at the interfaces. Adhesion through nanoparticles offers characteristics such as ease of use, reversibility, and universality, but still grapples with challenges like weak bonding. Here, a simple yet powerful strategy using the formation of nanoparticles in situ is reported, establishing strong interfacial adhesion between various hydrogels and substrates including elastomers, plastics, and biological tissue, even under wet conditions. The strong interfacial bonding can be formed in a short time (60 s), and gradually strengthened to 902 J m-2 adhesion energy within an hour. The interfacial layer's construction involves chain entanglement and other non-covalent interactions like coordination and hydrogen bonding. Unlike the permanent bonding seen in most synthetic adhesives, these nanoparticle adhesives can be efficiently triggered for removal by acidic solutions. The simplicity of the precursor diffusion and precipitation process in creating the interfacial layer ensures broad applicability to different substrates and nanoparticle adhesives without compromising robustness. The tough adhesion provided by nanoparticles allows the hydrogel-elastomer hybrid to function as a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), facilitating reliable electrical signal generation and output performance due to the robust interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ziyan Gao
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Karen Hakobyan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Zi Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shuhua Peng
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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9
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Wang XQ, Xie AQ, Cao P, Yang J, Ong WL, Zhang KQ, Ho GW. Structuring and Shaping of Mechanically Robust and Functional Hydrogels toward Wearable and Implantable Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309952. [PMID: 38389497 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels possess unique features such as softness, wetness, responsiveness, and biocompatibility, making them highly suitable for biointegrated applications that have close interactions with living organisms. However, conventional man-made hydrogels are usually soft and brittle, making them inferior to the mechanically robust biological hydrogels. To ensure reliable and durable operation of biointegrated wearable and implantable devices, mechanical matching and shape adaptivity of hydrogels to tissues and organs are essential. Recent advances in polymer science and processing technologies have enabled mechanical engineering and shaping of hydrogels for various biointegrated applications. In this review, polymer network structuring strategies at micro/nanoscales for toughening hydrogels are summarized, and representative mechanical functionalities that exist in biological materials but are not easily achieved in synthetic hydrogels are further discussed. Three categories of processing technologies, namely, 3D printing, spinning, and coating for fabrication of tough hydrogel constructs with complex shapes are reviewed, and the corresponding hydrogel toughening strategies are also highlighted. These developments enable adaptive fabrication of mechanically robust and functional hydrogel devices, and promote application of hydrogels in the fields of biomedical engineering, bioelectronics, and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - An-Quan Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Pengle Cao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Wei Li Ong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ghim Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
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10
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Park B, Jeong C, Ok J, Kim TI. Materials and Structural Designs toward Motion Artifact-Free Bioelectronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6148-6197. [PMID: 38690686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronics encompassing electronic components and circuits for accessing human information play a vital role in real-time and continuous monitoring of biophysiological signals of electrophysiology, mechanical physiology, and electrochemical physiology. However, mechanical noise, particularly motion artifacts, poses a significant challenge in accurately detecting and analyzing target signals. While software-based "postprocessing" methods and signal filtering techniques have been widely employed, challenges such as signal distortion, major requirement of accurate models for classification, power consumption, and data delay inevitably persist. This review presents an overview of noise reduction strategies in bioelectronics, focusing on reducing motion artifacts and improving the signal-to-noise ratio through hardware-based approaches such as "preprocessing". One of the main stress-avoiding strategies is reducing elastic mechanical energies applied to bioelectronics to prevent stress-induced motion artifacts. Various approaches including strain-compliance, strain-resistance, and stress-damping techniques using unique materials and structures have been explored. Future research should optimize materials and structure designs, establish stable processes and measurement methods, and develop techniques for selectively separating and processing overlapping noises. Ultimately, these advancements will contribute to the development of more reliable and effective bioelectronics for healthcare monitoring and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeonghak Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanho Jeong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehyung Ok
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Il Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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11
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Zhang Y, Sun Y, Nan J, Yang F, Wang Z, Li Y, Wang C, Chu F, Liu Y, Wang C. In Situ Polymerization of Hydrogel Electrolyte on Electrodes Enabling the Flexible All-Hydrogel Supercapacitors with Low-Temperature Adaptability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309900. [PMID: 38312091 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
All-hydrogel supercapacitors are emerging as promising power sources for next-generation wearable electronics due to their intrinsic mechanical flexibility, eco-friendliness, and enhanced safety. However, the insufficient interfacial adhesion between the electrode and electrolyte and the frozen hydrogel matrices at subzero temperatures largely limit the practical applications of all-hydrogel supercapacitors. Here, an all-hydrogel supercapacitor is reported with robust interfacial contact and anti-freezing property, fabricated by in situ polymerizing hydrogel electrolyte onto hydrogel electrodes. The robust interfacial adhesion is developed by the synergistic effect of a tough hydrogel matrix and topological entanglements. Meanwhile, the incorporation of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in the hydrogel electrolyte prevents the freezing of water solvents and endows the all-hydrogel supercapacitor with mechanical flexibility and fatigue resistance across a wide temperature range of 20 °C to -60 °C. Such all-hydrogel supercapacitor demonstrates satisfactory low-temperature electrochemical performance, delivering a high energy density of 11 mWh cm-2 and excellent cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 90% over 10000 cycles at -40 °C. Notably, the fabricated all-hydrogel supercapacitor can endure dynamic deformations and operate well under 2000 tension cycles even at -40 °C, without experiencing delamination and electrochemical failure. This work offers a promising strategy for flexible energy storage devices with low-temperature adaptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Jingya Nan
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Fusheng Yang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Yuxi Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Chuchu Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
| | - Fuxiang Chu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
| | - Chunpeng Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210042, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China
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12
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Wang J, Li XY, Qian HL, Wang XW, Wang YX, Ren KF, Ji J. Robust, Sprayable, and Multifunctional Hydrogel Coating through a Polycation Reinforced (PCR) Surface Bridging Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310216. [PMID: 38237136 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The sprayable hydrogel coatings that can establish robust adhesion onto diverse materials and devices hold enormous potential; however, a significant challenge persists due to monomer hydration, which impedes even coverage during spraying and induces inadequate adhesion post-gelation. Herein, a polycation-reinforced (PCR) surface bridging strategy is presented to achieve tough and sprayable hydrogel coatings onto diverse materials. The polycations offer superior wettability and instant electrostatic interactions with plasma-treated substrates, facilitating an effective spraying application. This PCR-based hydrogel coatings demonstrate tough adhesion performance to inert PTFE and silicone, including remarkable shear strength (161 ± 49 kPa for PTFE), interfacial toughness (198 ± 27 J m-2 for PTFE), and notable tolerance to cyclic tension (10 000 cycles, 200% strain, silicone). Meanwhile, this method can be applied to various hydrogel formulations, offering diverse functionalities, including underwater adhesion, lubrication, and drug delivery. Furthermore, the PCR concept enables the conformal construction of durable hydrogel coatings onto sophisticated medical devices like cardiovascular stents. Given its simplicity and adaptability, this approach paves an avenue for incorporating hydrogels onto solid surfaces and potentially promotes untapped applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Lin Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Wang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - You-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Feng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
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13
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Wang Z, Yang F, Liu X, Han X, Li X, Huyan C, Liu D, Chen F. Hydrogen Bonds-Pinned Entanglement Blunting the Interfacial Crack of Hydrogel-Elastomer Hybrids. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313177. [PMID: 38272488 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Anchoring a layer of amorphous hydrogel on an antagonistic elastomer holds potential applications in surface aqueous lubrication. However, the interfacial crack propagation usually occurs under continuous loads for amorphous hydrogel, leading to the failure of hydrogel interface. This work presents a universal strategy to passivate the interfacial cracks by designing a hydrogen bonds-pinned entanglement (Hb-En) structure of amorphous hydrogel on engineering elastomers. The unique Hb-En structure is created by pinning well-tailored entanglements via covalent-like hydrogen bonds, which can amplify the delocalization of interfacial stress concentration and elevate the necessary fracture energy barrier within hydrogel interface. Therefore, the interfacial crack propagation can be suppressed under single and cyclic loads, resulting in a high interfacial toughness over 1650 J m-2 and an excellent interfacial fatigue threshold of 423 J m-2. Such a strategy universally works on blunting the interfacial crack between hydrogel coating and various elastomer materials with arbitrary shapes. The superb fatigue-crack insensitivity at the interface allows for durable aqueous lubrication of hydrogel coating with low friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibi Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Fahu Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xiang Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Chenxi Huyan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Dong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
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14
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Deng Y, Zhang Q, Feringa BL. Dynamic Chemistry Toolbox for Advanced Sustainable Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308666. [PMID: 38321810 PMCID: PMC11005721 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Developing dynamic chemistry for polymeric materials offers chemical solutions to solve key problems associated with current plastics. Mechanical performance and dynamic function are equally important in material design because the former determines the application scope and the latter enables chemical recycling and hence sustainability. However, it is a long-term challenge to balance the subtle trade-off between mechanical robustness and dynamic properties in a single material. The rise of dynamic chemistry, including supramolecular and dynamic covalent chemistry, provides many opportunities and versatile molecular tools for designing constitutionally dynamic materials that can adapt, repair, and recycle. Facing the growing social need for developing advanced sustainable materials without compromising properties, recent progress showing how the toolbox of dynamic chemistry can be explored to enable high-performance sustainable materials by molecular engineering strategies is discussed here. The state of the art and recent milestones are summarized and discussed, followed by an outlook toward future opportunities and challenges present in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxin Deng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterSchool of Chemistry and Technology130 Meilong RoadShanghai200237China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4Groningen9747 AGThe Netherlands
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterSchool of Chemistry and Technology130 Meilong RoadShanghai200237China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4Groningen9747 AGThe Netherlands
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research CenterSchool of Chemistry and Technology130 Meilong RoadShanghai200237China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry and Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsFaculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 4Groningen9747 AGThe Netherlands
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15
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Xu Y, Tan C, He Y, Luo B, Liu M. Chitin nanocrystals stabilized liquid metal for highly stretchable and anti-freeze hydrogels as flexible strain sensor. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 328:121728. [PMID: 38220327 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels show extensive applications in flexible electronics and biomedical areas, but it is a challenge to simultaneously achieve high mechanical properties, satisfied electrical conductivity, good biocompatibility, self-recovery and anti-freezing properties through a simple preparation method. Herein, chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) were employed to encapsulate liquid metal nanoparticles (LMNPs) to ensure the dispersion stability of LMNPs in a hydrogel system composed of polyacrylamide (PAM) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The synergistic effect of ChNCs-stabilized LMNPs imparts remarkable conductivity to the hydrogel, making it an effective strain sensor for human motion. With 1 % LMNPs, the composite hydrogel stretches up to 2100 %, showing excellent stretchability. Under 10 cycles of 200 % strain, hysteresis loop curves overlap, indicating outstanding fatigue resistance. The hydrogel exhibits remarkable self-recovery, enduring 1400 % deformation without rupture. In addition, its effective antifreeze properties result from immersion in a glycerol-water solvent. Even at -20 °C and 60 °C, the hydrogel maintains stable, reproducible resistance changes at 150 % tensile strain. Therefore, the high-performance conductive hydrogel containing ChNCs stabilized LM has promising applications in flexible wearable sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China
| | - Cuiying Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China
| | - Yunqing He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China
| | - Binghong Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China
| | - Mingxian Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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16
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Zhang J, Lv S, Zhao X, Ma S, Zhou F. Surface functionalization of polyurethanes: A critical review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 325:103100. [PMID: 38330882 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers, particularly polyurethanes (PUs), have revolutionized bioengineering and biomedical devices due to their customizable mechanical properties and long-term stability. However, the inherent hydrophobic nature of PU surfaces arises common issues such as high friction, strong protein adsorption, and thrombosis, especially in the physiological environment of blood contact. To overcome these issues, researchers have explored various modification techniques to improve the surface biofunctionality of PUs. In this review, we have systematically summarized several typical surface modification methods including surface plasma modification, surface oxidation-induced grafting polymerization, isocyanate-based chemistry coupling, UV-induced surface grafting polymerization, adhesives-assisted attachment strategy, small molecules-bridge grafting, solvent evaporation technique, and hydrogen bonding interaction. Correspondingly, the advantages, limitations, and future prospects of these surface modification methods were discussed. This review provides an important guidance or tool for developing surface functionalized PUs in the fields of bioengineering and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuai Zhang
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Siyao Lv
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264006, China
| | - Xiaoduo Zhao
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264006, China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuanhong Ma
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai Zhongke Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Green Chemical Engineering, Yantai 264006, China; State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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17
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Freedman BR, Cintron Cruz JA, Kwon P, Lee M, Jeffers HM, Kent D, Wu KC, Weaver JC, Mooney DJ. Instant tough adhesion of polymer networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2304643121. [PMID: 38377210 PMCID: PMC10907230 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304643121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Generating strong rapid adhesion between hydrogels has the potential to advance the capabilities of modern medicine and surgery. Current hydrogel adhesion technologies rely primarily on liquid-based diffusion mechanisms and the formation of covalent bonds, requiring prolonged time to generate adhesion. Here, we present a simple and versatile strategy using dry chitosan polymer films to generate instant adhesion between hydrogel-hydrogel and hydrogel-elastomer surfaces. Using this approach we can achieve extremely high adhesive energies (>3,000 J/m2), which are governed by pH change and non-covalent interactions including H-bonding, Van der Waals forces, and bridging polymer entanglement. Potential examples of biomedical applications are presented, including local tissue cooling, vascular sealing, prevention of surgical adhesions, and prevention of hydrogel dehydration. We expect these findings and the simplicity of this approach to have broad implications for adhesion strategies and hydrogel design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Freedman
- Department of Bioengineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02139
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA02215
| | - Juan A. Cintron Cruz
- Department of Bioengineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02139
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Phoebe Kwon
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA02215
| | - Matthew Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02139
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Haley M. Jeffers
- Department of Bioengineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA02215
| | - Daniel Kent
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA02215
- Department of General Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA02215
| | - Kyle C. Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA02215
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02215
| | - James C. Weaver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA02215
| | - David J. Mooney
- Department of Bioengineering, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02139
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA02215
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18
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Zhang M, Gong S, Hakobyan K, Gao Z, Shao Z, Peng S, Wu S, Hao X, Jiang Z, Wong EH, Liang K, Wang CH, Cheng W, Xu J. Biomimetic Electronic Skin through Hierarchical Polymer Structural Design. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309006. [PMID: 38072658 PMCID: PMC10870077 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Human skin comprises multiple hierarchical layers that perform various functions such as protection, sensing, and structural support. Developing electronic skin (E-skin) with similar properties has broad implications in health monitoring, prosthetics, and soft robotics. While previous efforts have predominantly concentrated on sensory capabilities, this study introduces a hierarchical polymer system that not only structurally resembles the epidermis-dermis bilayer structure of skin but also encompasses sensing functions. The system comprises a polymeric hydrogel, representing the "dermis", and a superimposed nanoporous polymer film, forming the "epidermis". Within the film, interconnected nanoparticles mimic the arrangement of interlocked corneocytes within the epidermis. The fabrication process employs a robust in situ interfacial precipitation polymerization of specific water-soluble monomers that become insoluble during polymerization. This process yields a hybrid layer establishing a durable interface between the film and hydrogel. Beyond the structural mimicry, this hierarchical structure offers functionalities resembling human skin, which includes (1) water loss protection of hydrogel by tailoring the hydrophobicity of the upper polymer film; (2) tactile sensing capability via self-powered triboelectric nanogenerators; (3) built-in gold nanowire-based resistive sensor toward temperature and pressure sensing. This hierarchical polymeric approach represents a potent strategy to replicate both the structure and functions of human skin in synthetic designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Zhang
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical EngineeringUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Shu Gong
- Department of Chemical & Biological EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVIC3800Australia
| | - Karen Hakobyan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical EngineeringUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Ziyan Gao
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Zeyu Shao
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical EngineeringUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Shuhua Peng
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Shuying Wu
- School of EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSW2109Australia
| | - Xiaojing Hao
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy EngineeringUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Zhen Jiang
- School of Mechanical, Materials and Mechatronic EngineeringUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia
| | - Edgar H. Wong
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical EngineeringUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Kang Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Chun H. Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
| | - Wenlong Cheng
- Department of Chemical & Biological EngineeringMonash UniversityClaytonVIC3800Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical EngineeringUNSWSydneyNSW2052Australia
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19
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Wang Q, Li Y, Lin Y, Sun Y, Bai C, Guo H, Fang T, Hu G, Lu Y, Kong D. A Generic Strategy to Create Mechanically Interlocked Nanocomposite/Hydrogel Hybrid Electrodes for Epidermal Electronics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:87. [PMID: 38214840 PMCID: PMC10786775 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics are crucial enablers for next-generation wearables intimately integrated into the human body. As the primary compliant conductors used in these devices, metallic nanostructure/elastomer composites often struggle to form conformal contact with the textured skin. Hybrid electrodes have been consequently developed based on conductive nanocomposite and soft hydrogels to establish seamless skin-device interfaces. However, chemical modifications are typically needed for reliable bonding, which can alter their original properties. To overcome this limitation, this study presents a facile fabrication approach for mechanically interlocked nanocomposite/hydrogel hybrid electrodes. In this physical process, soft microfoams are thermally laminated on silver nanowire nanocomposites as a porous interface, which forms an interpenetrating network with the hydrogel. The microfoam-enabled bonding strategy is generally compatible with various polymers. The resulting interlocked hybrids have a 28-fold improved interfacial toughness compared to directly stacked hybrids. These electrodes achieve firm attachment to the skin and low contact impedance using tissue-adhesive hydrogels. They have been successfully integrated into an epidermal sleeve to distinguish hand gestures by sensing muscle contractions. Interlocked nanocomposite/hydrogel hybrids reported here offer a promising platform to combine the benefits of both materials for epidermal devices and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Lin
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Sun
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Bai
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haorun Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Fang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaohua Hu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Desheng Kong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Chen B, Zhu D, Zhu R, Wang C, Cui J, Zheng Z, Wang X. Universal adhesion using mussel foot protein inspired hydrogel with dynamic interpenetration for topological entanglement. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:127868. [PMID: 37939758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Achieving adhesion of hydrogels to universal materials with desirable strength remains a challenge despite emerging application of hydrogels. Herein we present a mussel foot protein (Mfp) inspired polyelectrolyte hydrogel of poly(ethylenimine)/poly(acrylic acid)-dopamine (PEI/PAADA) developed for universal tough adhesion. The highly-concentrated electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions in PEI/PAADA hydrogel resulted in a tensile strength, strain at break, and toughness of 0.297 MPa, 2784 % and 5.440 MJ m-3, respectively. Moreover, the hydrogel can heal itself from physical damages, even can be recycled after totally dried via rehydration because of the high flexibility and reversibility of its dynamic bonds. Combining the strategies of topological stitching and direct bonding, Mfp-derived catechol and PEI/PAA backbone in PEI/PAADA corporately facilitated robust adhesion of universal materials with shear strength of up to 4.4 MPa and peeling strength of 870 J m-2, which is over 10 times greater than that of commercial fibrin gel. The adhesive also exhibited self-healing capability for at least 5 cycles, good stability in 1 M NaCl solution and characteristic debonding catalyzed by calcium. Moreover, in vitro cell behavior and in vivo wound healing assays suggested the potential of PEI/PAADA as wound dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruixin Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chenhao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiahua Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhen Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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21
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Shi Y, Wu B, Sun S, Wu P. Peeling-Stiffening Self-Adhesive Ionogel with Superhigh Interfacial Toughness. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2310576. [PMID: 38095148 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-adhesive materials that can directly adhere to diverse solid surfaces are indispensable in modern life and technologies. However, it remains a challenge to develop self-adhesive materials with strong adhesion while maintaining its intrinsic softness for efficient tackiness. Here, a peeling-stiffening self-adhesive ionogel that reconciles the seemingly contradictory properties of softness and strong adhesion is reported. The ionogel contains two ionophilic repeating units with distinct associating affinities, which allows to adaptively wet rough surface in the soft dissipating state for adhering, and to dramatically stiffen to the glassy state upon peeling. The corresponding modulus increases by 117 times driven by strain-rate-induced phase separation, which greatly suppresses crack propagation and results in a super high interfacial toughness of 8046 J m-2 . The self-adhesive ionogel is also transparent, self-healable, recyclable, and can be easily removed by simple moisture treatment. This strategy provides a new way to design high-performance self-adhesive materials for intelligent soft devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkun Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Baohu Wu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) Forschungszentrum Jülich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Shengtong Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
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22
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Wang C, Yang B, Xiang R, Ji J, Wu Y, Tan S. High-Saline-Enabled Hydrophobic Homogeneous Cross-Linking for Extremely Soft, Tough, and Stretchable Conductive Hydrogels as High-Sensitive Strain Sensors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23194-23206. [PMID: 37926964 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Design of admirable conductive hydrogels combining robust toughness, soft flexibility, desirable conductivity, and freezing resistance remains daunting challenges for meeting the customized and critical demands of flexible and wearable electronics. Herein, a promising and facile strategy to prepare hydrogels tailored to these anticipated demands is proposed, which is prepared in one step by homogeneous cross-linking of acrylamide using hydrophobic divinylbenzene stabilized by micelles under saturated high-saline solutions. The influence of high-saline environments on the hydrogel topology and mechanical performance is investigated. The high-saline environments suppress the size of hydrophobic cross-linkers in micelles during hydrogel polymerization, which weaken the dynamic hydrophobic associations to soften the hydrogels. Nevertheless, the homogeneous cross-linked networks ensure antifracture during ultralarge deformations. The obtained hydrogels show special mechanical performance combining extremely soft deformability and antifracture features (Young's modulus, 5 kPa; stretchability, 10200%; toughness, 134 kJ m-2; and excellent anticrack propagation). The saturated-saline environments also endow the hydrogels with desirable ion conductivity (106 mS cm-1) and freezing resistance (<20 °C). These comprehensive properties of the obtained hydrogels are quite suitable for flexible electronic applications, which is demonstrated by the high sensitivity and durability of the derived strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Baibin Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihan Xiang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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23
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Nan J, Sun Y, Yang F, Zhang Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Wang C, Wang D, Chu F, Wang C, Zhu T, Jiang J. Coupling of Adhesion and Anti-Freezing Properties in Hydrogel Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Aqueous-Based Hybrid Capacitors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:22. [PMID: 37982913 PMCID: PMC10661583 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state zinc-ion capacitors are emerging as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage owing to improved safety, mechanical and thermal stability and easy-to-direct stacking. Hydrogel electrolytes are appealing solid-state electrolytes because of eco-friendliness, high conductivity and intrinsic flexibility. However, the electrolyte/electrode interfacial contact and anti-freezing properties of current hydrogel electrolytes are still challenging for practical applications of zinc-ion capacitors. Here, we report a class of hydrogel electrolytes that couple high interfacial adhesion and anti-freezing performance. The synergy of tough hydrogel matrix and chemical anchorage enables a well-adhered interface between hydrogel electrolyte and electrode. Meanwhile, the cooperative solvation of ZnCl2 and LiCl hybrid salts renders the hydrogel electrolyte high ionic conductivity and mechanical elasticity simultaneously at low temperatures. More significantly, the Zn||carbon nanotubes hybrid capacitor based on this hydrogel electrolyte exhibits low-temperature capacitive performance, delivering high-energy density of 39 Wh kg-1 at -60 °C with capacity retention of 98.7% over 10,000 cycles. With the benefits of the well-adhered electrolyte/electrode interface and the anti-freezing hydrogel electrolyte, the Zn/Li hybrid capacitor is able to accommodate dynamic deformations and function well under 1000 tension cycles even at -60 °C. This work provides a powerful strategy for enabling stable operation of low-temperature zinc-ion capacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Nan
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fusheng Yang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Li
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuchu Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingkun Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuxiang Chu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunpeng Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Orabi M, Lo JF. Emerging Advances in Microfluidic Hydrogel Droplets for Tissue Engineering and STEM Cell Mechanobiology. Gels 2023; 9:790. [PMID: 37888363 PMCID: PMC10606214 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel droplets are biodegradable and biocompatible materials with promising applications in tissue engineering, cell encapsulation, and clinical treatments. They represent a well-controlled microstructure to bridge the spatial divide between two-dimensional cell cultures and three-dimensional tissues, toward the recreation of entire organs. The applications of hydrogel droplets in regenerative medicine require a thorough understanding of microfluidic techniques, the biocompatibility of hydrogel materials, and droplet production and manipulation mechanisms. Although hydrogel droplets were well studied, several emerging advances promise to extend current applications to tissue engineering and beyond. Hydrogel droplets can be designed with high surface-to-volume ratios and a variety of matrix microstructures. Microfluidics provides precise control of the flow patterns required for droplet generation, leading to tight distributions of particle size, shape, matrix, and mechanical properties in the resultant microparticles. This review focuses on recent advances in microfluidic hydrogel droplet generation. First, the theoretical principles of microfluidics, materials used in fabrication, and new 3D fabrication techniques were discussed. Then, the hydrogels used in droplet generation and their cell and tissue engineering applications were reviewed. Finally, droplet generation mechanisms were addressed, such as droplet production, droplet manipulation, and surfactants used to prevent coalescence. Lastly, we propose that microfluidic hydrogel droplets can enable novel shear-related tissue engineering and regeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joe F. Lo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, 4901 Evergreen Road, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA;
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25
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Liu YF, Wang W, Chen XF. Progress and prospects in flexible tactile sensors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1264563. [PMID: 37829569 PMCID: PMC10565956 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1264563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible tactile sensors have the advantages of large deformation detection, high fault tolerance, and excellent conformability, which enable conformal integration onto the complex surface of human skin for long-term bio-signal monitoring. The breakthrough of flexible tactile sensors rather than conventional tactile sensors greatly expanded application scenarios. Flexible tactile sensors are applied in fields including not only intelligent wearable devices for gaming but also electronic skins, disease diagnosis devices, health monitoring devices, intelligent neck pillows, and intelligent massage devices in the medical field; intelligent bracelets and metaverse gloves in the consumer field; as well as even brain-computer interfaces. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an overview of the current technological level and future development of flexible tactile sensors to ease and expedite their deployment and to make the critical transition from the laboratory to the market. This paper discusses the materials and preparation technologies of flexible tactile sensors, summarizing various applications in human signal monitoring, robotic tactile sensing, and human-machine interaction. Finally, the current challenges on flexible tactile sensors are also briefly discussed, providing some prospects for future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Feng Liu
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Aerospace Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing 2D Materials Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu-Fang Chen
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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26
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Lee H, Jang J, Lee J, Shin M, Lee JS, Son D. Stretchable Gold Nanomembrane Electrode with Ionic Hydrogel Skin-Adhesive Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3852. [PMID: 37765706 PMCID: PMC10537659 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin has a dynamic surface and offers essential information through biological signals originating from internal organs, blood vessels, and muscles. Soft and stretchable bioelectronics can be used in wearable machines for long-term stability and to continuously obtain distinct bio-signals in conjunction with repeated expansion and contraction with physical activities. While monitoring bio-signals, the electrode and skin must be firmly attached for high signal quality. Furthermore, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) should be high enough, and accordingly, the ionic conductivity of an adhesive hydrogel needs to be improved. Here, we used a chitosan-alginate-chitosan (CAC) triple hydrogel layer as an interface between the electrodes and the skin to enhance ionic conductivity and skin adhesiveness and to minimize the mechanical mismatch. For development, thermoplastic elastomer Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene (SEBS) dissolved in toluene was used as a substrate, and gold nanomembranes were thermally evaporated on SEBS. Subsequently, CAC triple layers were drop-casted onto the gold surface one by one and dried successively. Lastly, to demonstrate the performance of our electrodes, a human electrocardiogram signal was monitored. The electrodes coupled with our CAC triple hydrogel layer showed high SNR with clear PQRST peaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyelim Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaepyo Jang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea (M.S.)
| | - Jaebeom Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea (M.S.)
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Shin
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea (M.S.)
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Seung Lee
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Son
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea (M.S.)
- Department of Superintelligence Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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27
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Ye W, Zhao L, Luo X, Guo J, Liu X. Perceptual Soft End-Effectors for Future Unmanned Agriculture. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7905. [PMID: 37765962 PMCID: PMC10537409 DOI: 10.3390/s23187905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
As consumers demand ever-higher quality standards for agricultural products, the inspection of such goods has become an integral component of the agricultural production process. Unfortunately, traditional testing methods necessitate the deployment of numerous bulky machines and cannot accurately determine the quality of produce prior to harvest. In recent years, with the advancement of soft robot technology, stretchable electronic technology, and material science, integrating flexible plant wearable sensors on soft end-effectors has been considered an attractive solution to these problems. This paper critically reviews soft end-effectors, selecting the appropriate drive mode according to the challenges and application scenarios in agriculture: electrically driven, fluid power, and smart material actuators. In addition, a presentation of various sensors installed on soft end-effectors specifically designed for agricultural applications is provided. These sensors include strain, temperature, humidity, and chemical sensors. Lastly, an in-depth analysis is conducted on the significance of implementing soft end-effectors in agriculture as well as the potential opportunities and challenges that will arise in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.Y.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.Y.)
| | - Xuan Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.Y.)
| | - Junxian Guo
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Xiangjiang Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (W.Y.)
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
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28
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Vijayakanth T, Shankar S, Finkelstein-Zuta G, Rencus-Lazar S, Gilead S, Gazit E. Perspectives on recent advancements in energy harvesting, sensing and bio-medical applications of piezoelectric gels. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6191-6220. [PMID: 37585216 PMCID: PMC10464879 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00202k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of next-generation bioelectronics, as well as the powering of consumer and medical devices, require power sources that are soft, flexible, extensible, and even biocompatible. Traditional energy storage devices (typically, batteries and supercapacitors) are rigid, unrecyclable, offer short-lifetime, contain hazardous chemicals and possess poor biocompatibility, hindering their utilization in wearable electronics. Therefore, there is a genuine unmet need for a new generation of innovative energy-harvesting materials that are soft, flexible, bio-compatible, and bio-degradable. Piezoelectric gels or PiezoGels are a smart crystalline form of gels with polar ordered structures that belongs to the broader family of piezoelectric material, which generate electricity in response to mechanical stress or deformation. Given that PiezoGels are structurally similar to hydrogels, they offer several advantages including intrinsic chirality, crystallinity, degree of ordered structures, mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, emphasizing their potential applications ranging from power generation to bio-medical applications. Herein, we describe recent examples of new functional PiezoGel materials employed for energy harvesting, sensing, and wound dressing applications. First, this review focuses on the principles of piezoelectric generators (PEGs) and the advantages of using hydrogels as PiezoGels in energy and biomedical applications. Next, we provide a detailed discussion on the preparation, functionalization, and fabrication of PiezoGel-PEGs (P-PEGs) for the applications of energy harvesting, sensing and wound healing/dressing. Finally, this review concludes with a discussion of the current challenges and future directions of P-PEGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangavel Vijayakanth
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
| | - Sudha Shankar
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
| | - Gal Finkelstein-Zuta
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel.
| | - Sigal Rencus-Lazar
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
| | - Sharon Gilead
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-6997801, Israel.
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29
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Zhang X, Yan H, Xu C, Dong X, Wang Y, Fu A, Li H, Lee JY, Zhang S, Ni J, Gao M, Wang J, Yu J, Ge SS, Jin ML, Wang L, Xia Y. Skin-like cryogel electronics from suppressed-freezing tuned polymer amorphization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5010. [PMID: 37591882 PMCID: PMC10435499 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The sole situation of semi-crystalline structure induced single performance remarkably limits the green cryogels in the application of soft devices due to uncontrolled freezing field. Here, a facile strategy for achieving multifunctionality of cryogels is proposed using total amorphization of polymer. Through precisely lowering the freezing point of precursor solutions with an antifreezing salt, the suppressed growth of ice is achieved, creating an unusually weak and homogenous aggregation of polymer chains upon freezing, thereby realizing the tunable amorphization of polymer and the coexistence of free and hydrogen bonding hydroxyl groups. Such multi-scale microstructures trigger the integrated properties of tissue-like ultrasoftness (Young's modulus <10 kPa) yet stretchability, high transparency (~92%), self-adhesion, and instantaneous self-healing (<0.3 s) for cryogels, along with superior ionic-conductivity, antifreezing (-58 °C) and water-retention abilities, pushing the development of skin-like cryogel electronics. These concepts open an attractive branch for cryogels that adopt regulated crystallization behavior for on-demand functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiansheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongwei Yan
- Institute for Future, Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, School of Automation, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China
| | - Chongzhi Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xia Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, SungKyunKwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Ni
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Gao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jinpeng Yu
- Institute for Future, Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, School of Automation, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuzhi Sam Ge
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Liang Jin
- Institute for Future, Shandong Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, School of Automation, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China.
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yanzhi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, 266071, Qingdao, China
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Yang B, Wang C, Xiang R, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Tan S. An Anti-Fracture and Super Deformable Soft Hydrogel Network Insensitive to Extremely Harsh Environments. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302342. [PMID: 37289105 PMCID: PMC10427395 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Design of hydrogels with superior flexible deformability, anti-fracture toughness, and reliable environment adaption is fundamentally and practically important for diverse hydrogel-based flexible devices. However, these features can hardly be compatible even in elaborately designed hydrogels. Herein soft hydrogel networks with superior anti-fracture and deformability are proposed, which show good adaption to extremely harsh saline or alkaline environments. The hydrogel network is one-step constructed via hydrophobic homogenous cross-linking of poly (sodium acrylate), which is expected to provide hydrophobic associations and homogeneous cross-linking for energy dissipation. The obtained hydrogels are quite soft and deformable (tensile modulus: ≈20 kPa, stretchability: 3700%), but show excellent anti-fracture toughness (10.6 kJ m-2 ). The energy dissipation mechanism can be further intensified under saline or alkaline environments. The mechanical performance of the hydrophobic cross-linking topology is inspired rather than weakened by extremely saline or alkaline environments (stretchability: 3900% and 5100%, toughness: 16.1 and 17.1 kJ m-2 under saturated NaCl and 6 mol L-1 NaOH environments, respectively). The hydrogel network also shows good performance in reversible deformations, ion conductivity, sensing strain, monitoring human motions, and freezing resistance under high-saline environments. The hydrogel network show unique mechanical performance and robust environment adaption, which is quite promising for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baibin Yang
- School of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityNo. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan RoadChengdu610065China
| | - Caihong Wang
- School of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityNo. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan RoadChengdu610065China
| | - Ruihan Xiang
- School of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityNo. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan RoadChengdu610065China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- School of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityNo. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan RoadChengdu610065China
| | - Yong Wu
- School of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityNo. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan RoadChengdu610065China
| | - Shuai Tan
- School of Chemical EngineeringSichuan UniversityNo. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan RoadChengdu610065China
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31
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Mohammed NB, Batoo KM, Hussain S, Subramaniam R, Kasi R, Bhuyan M, Imran A, Muthuramamoorthy M. Natural Solid-State Hydrogel Electrolytes Based on 3D Pure Cotton/Graphene for Supercapacitor Application. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1379. [PMID: 37512690 PMCID: PMC10384327 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
A conductive cotton hydrogel with graphene and ions can come into contact with electrodes in solid electrolytes at the molecular level, leading to a more efficient electrochemical process in supercapacitors. The inherently soft nature of cotton mixed with hydrogel provides superior flexibility of the electrolyte, which benefits the devices in gaining high flexibility. Herein, we report on the current progress in solid-state hydrogel electrolytes based on 3D pure cotton/graphene and present an overview of the future direction of research. The ionic conductivity of a complex hydrogel significantly increased by up to 13.9 × 10-3 S/cm at 25 °C, due to the presence of graphene, which increases ionic conductivity by providing a smooth pathway for the transport of charge carriers and the polymer. Furthermore, the highest specific capacitance of 327 F/g at 3 mV/s was achieved with cyclic voltammetry measurement and a galvanostatic charge-discharge measurement showed a peak value of 385.4 F/g at 100 mA/g current density. Furthermore, an electrochemical analysis demonstrated that a composite cotton/graphene-based hydrogel electrolyte is electrically stable and could be used for the design of next-generation supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nujud Badawi Mohammed
- Centre for Ionics University of Malaya, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Hafr Al-Batin College of Science, Hafer Al-Batin 39921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mujasam Batoo
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Graphene Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Subramaniam
- Centre for Ionics University of Malaya, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ramesh Kasi
- Centre for Ionics University of Malaya, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mrutunjaya Bhuyan
- Centre for Ionics University of Malaya, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Center of Theoretical and Computational Physics, Department of Physics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Ahamad Imran
- King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Zhang C, Kong J, Wu D, Guan Z, Ding B, Chen F. Wearable Sensor: An Emerging Data Collection Tool for Plant Phenotyping. PLANT PHENOMICS (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 5:0051. [PMID: 37408737 PMCID: PMC10318905 DOI: 10.34133/plantphenomics.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of plant phenomics by using optical imaging-based phenotyping techniques has markedly improved breeding and crop management. However, there remains a challenge in increasing the spatial resolution and accuracy due to their noncontact measurement mode. Wearable sensors, an emerging data collection tool, present a promising solution to address these challenges. By using a contact measurement mode, wearable sensors enable in-situ monitoring of plant phenotypes and their surrounding environments. Although a few pioneering works have been reported in monitoring plant growth and microclimate, the utilization of wearable sensors in plant phenotyping has yet reach its full potential. This review aims to systematically examine the progress of wearable sensors in monitoring plant phenotypes and the environment from an interdisciplinary perspective, including materials science, signal communication, manufacturing technology, and plant physiology. Additionally, this review discusses the challenges and future directions of wearable sensors in the field of plant phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Engineering,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jingjing Kong
- College of Engineering,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daosheng Wu
- College of Engineering,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Baoqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture,
Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory, No.50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing 210014, China
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33
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Abstract
Owing to superior softness, wetness, responsiveness, and biocompatibility, bulk hydrogels are being intensively investigated for versatile functions in devices and machines including sensors, actuators, optics, and coatings. The one-dimensional (1D) hydrogel fibers possess the metrics from both the hydrogel materials and structural topology, endowing them with extraordinary mechanical, sensing, breathable and weavable properties. As no comprehensive review has been reported for this nascent field, this article aims to provide an overview of hydrogel fibers for soft electronics and actuators. We first introduce the basic properties and measurement methods of hydrogel fibers, including mechanical, electrical, adhesive, and biocompatible properties. Then, typical manufacturing methods for 1D hydrogel fibers and fibrous films are discussed. Next, the recent progress of wearable sensors (e.g., strain, temperature, pH, and humidity) and actuators made from hydrogel fibers is discussed. We conclude with future perspectives on next-generation hydrogel fibers and the remaining challenges. The development of hydrogel fibers will not only provide an unparalleled one-dimensional characteristic, but also translate fundamental understanding of hydrogels into new application boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan Du
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Qing Ma
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Binghao Wang
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Litao Sun
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Limei Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
- Corresponding author
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34
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Koo HB, Heo E, Cho I, Kim SH, Kang J, Chang JB. Human hand-inspired all-hydrogel gripper with a high load capacity formed by the split-brushing adhesion of diverse hydrogels. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:2075-2085. [PMID: 36920793 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01309f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Human hands are highly versatile. Even though they are primarily made of materials with high water content, they exhibit a high load capacity. However, existing hydrogel grippers do not possess a high load capacity due to their innate softness and mechanical strength. This work demonstrates a human hand-inspired all-hydrogel gripper that can bear more than 47.6 times its own weight. This gripper is made of two hydrogels: poly(methacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) (P(MAAm-co-MAAc)) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). P(MAAm-co-MAAc) is extremely stiff but becomes soft above its transition temperature. By taking advantage of the difference in the kinetics of the stiff-soft transition of P(MAAm-co-MAAc) hydrogels and the swelling-shrinking transition of PNIPAM hydrogels, this gripper can be switched between its stiff-bent and stiff-stretched states by simply changing the temperature. The assembly of these two hydrogels into a gripper necessitated the development of a new hydrogel adhesion method, as existing topological adhesion methods are not applicable to such stiff hydrogels. A new hydrogel adhesion method, termed split-brushing adhesion, has been demonstrated to satisfy this need. When applied to P(MAAm-co-MAAc) hydrogels, this method achieves an adhesion energy of 1221.6 J m-2, which is 67.5 times higher than that achieved with other topological adhesion methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Been Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunseok Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Hong Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiheong Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Byum Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Wu S, Shi H, Wei S, Shang H, Xie W, Chen X, Lu W, Chen T. Bio-Inspired Electro-Thermal-Hygro Responsive Rewritable Systems with Temporal/Spatial Control for Environment-Interactive Information Display. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300191. [PMID: 36919350 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of rewritable luminescent materials for secure information storage and delivery has long been envisaged to reduce the cost and environmental wastes. However, it remains challenging to realize a temporally/spatially controlled display of the written information, which is crucial for secure information encryption. Here, inspired by bioelectricity-triggered skin pattern switching in cephalopods, an ideal rewritable system consisting of conductive graphene film and carbon dots (CDs) gel with blue-to-red fluorescence-color changes via water-triggered CDs aggregation and re-dispersion is presented. Its rewritability is guaranteed by using water ink to write on the CDs-gel and employing Joule heat of graphene film to evaporate water. Due to the highly controlled electrical stimulus, temporally/spatially controlled display is achieved, enabling on-demand delivery and duration time regulation of the written information. Furthermore, new-concept environment-interactive rewritable system is obtained by integrating sensitive acoustic/optical sensors and multichannel electronic time-delay devices. This work opens unprecedented avenues of rewritable systems and expands potential uses for information encryption/delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shuxin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Xie
- Technology Service Center, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xipao Chen
- Technology Service Center, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Baghersad S, Sathish Kumar A, Kipper MJ, Popat K, Wang Z. Recent Advances in Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Scaffolds-The Progress and Gap in Mimicking Native Myocardium Mechanical Behaviors. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050269. [PMID: 37233379 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the leading cause of death in the US and worldwide. Despite modern therapy, challenges remain to rescue the damaged organ that contains cells with a very low proliferation rate after birth. Developments in tissue engineering and regeneration offer new tools to investigate the pathology of cardiac diseases and develop therapeutic strategies for heart failure patients. Tissue -engineered cardiac scaffolds should be designed to provide structural, biochemical, mechanical, and/or electrical properties similar to native myocardium tissues. This review primarily focuses on the mechanical behaviors of cardiac scaffolds and their significance in cardiac research. Specifically, we summarize the recent development of synthetic (including hydrogel) scaffolds that have achieved various types of mechanical behavior-nonlinear elasticity, anisotropy, and viscoelasticity-all of which are characteristic of the myocardium and heart valves. For each type of mechanical behavior, we review the current fabrication methods to enable the biomimetic mechanical behavior, the advantages and limitations of the existing scaffolds, and how the mechanical environment affects biological responses and/or treatment outcomes for cardiac diseases. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges in this field and suggestions for future directions to improve our understanding of mechanical control over cardiac function and inspire better regenerative therapies for myocardial restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Baghersad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Abinaya Sathish Kumar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Matt J Kipper
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ketul Popat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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37
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Min J, Zhou Z, Fu H. A self‐healing electrostatic interaction crosslinked temperature sensitive conductive hydrogel for strain and temperature sensor. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.6058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinbiao Min
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxi Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Heqing Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology South China University of Technology Guangzhou People's Republic of China
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38
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Wang Y, Lv T, Yin K, Feng N, Sun X, Zhou J, Li H. Carbon Dot-Based Hydrogels: Preparations, Properties, and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207048. [PMID: 36709483 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have extremely high moisture content, which makes it very soft and excellently biocompatible. They have become an important soft material and have a wide range of applications in various fields such as biomedicine, bionic smart material, and electrochemistry. Carbon dot (CD)-based hydrogels are based on carbon dots (CDs) and auxiliary substances, forming a gel material with comprehensive properties of individual components. CDs embedding in hydrogels could not only solve their aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) effect, but also manipulate the properties of hydrogels and even bring some novel properties, achieving a win-win situation. In this review, the preparation methods, formation mechanism, and properties of CD-based hydrogels, and their applications in biomedicine, sensing, adsorption, energy storage, and catalysis -are summarized. Finally, a brief discussion on future research directions of CD-based hydrogels will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Tingjie Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Keyang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Ning Feng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, P. R. China
| | - Hongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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Sánchez-Fernández JA. Structural Strategies for Supramolecular Hydrogels and Their Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061365. [PMID: 36987146 PMCID: PMC10052692 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular structures are of great interest due to their applicability in various scientific and industrial fields. The sensible definition of supramolecular molecules is being set by investigators who, because of the different sensitivities of their methods and observational timescales, may have different views on as to what constitutes these supramolecular structures. Furthermore, diverse polymers have been found to offer unique avenues for multifunctional systems with properties in industrial medicine applications. Aspects of this review provide different conceptual strategies to address the molecular design, properties, and potential applications of self-assembly materials and the use of metal coordination as a feasible and useful strategy for constructing complex supramolecular structures. This review also addresses systems that are based on hydrogel chemistry and the enormous opportunities to design specific structures for applications that demand enormous specificity. According to the current research status on supramolecular hydrogels, the central ideas in the present review are classic topics that, however, are and will be of great importance, especially the hydrogels that have substantial potential applications in drug delivery systems, ophthalmic products, adhesive hydrogels, and electrically conductive hydrogels. The potential interest shown in the technology involving supramolecular hydrogels is clear from what we can retrieve from the Web of Science.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Sánchez-Fernández
- Procesos de Polimerización, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada, Blvd. Enrique Reyna No. 140, Saltillo 25294, Mexico
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40
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Xu B, Wang H, Luo Z, Yang J, Wang Z. Multi-material 3D Printing of Mechanochromic Double Network Hydrogels for On-Demand Patterning. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11122-11130. [PMID: 36802464 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cephalopods can change their color and patterns by activating the skin chromatophores for camouflage. However, in the man-made soft material systems, it is greatly challenging to fabricate the color-change structure in the desired patterns and shapes. Herein, we employ a multi-material microgel direct ink writing (DIW) printing method to make mechanochromic double network hydrogels in arbitrary shapes. We prepare the microparticles by grinding the freeze-dried polyelectrolyte hydrogel and immobilize the microparticles in the precursor solution to produce the printing ink. The polyelectrolyte microgels contain mechanophores as the cross-linkers. We adjust the rheological and printing properties of the microgel ink by tailoring the grinding time of freeze-dried hydrogels and microgel concentration. The multi-material DIW 3D printing technique is utilized to fabricate various 3D hydrogel structures which could change into a colorful pattern in response to applied force. The microgel printing strategy shows great potential in the fabrication of the mechanochromic device with arbitrary patterns and shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hezhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zixiong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhijian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Advanced Materials and Performance, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
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41
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Ge G, Mandal K, Haghniaz R, Li M, Xiao X, Carlson L, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Ho GW, Khademhosseini A. Deep Eutectic Solvents-based Ionogels with Ultrafast Gelation and High Adhesion in Harsh Environments. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2023; 33:2207388. [PMID: 37090954 PMCID: PMC10118073 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202207388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive materials have recently drawn intensive attention due to their excellent sealing ability, thereby stimulating advances in materials science and industrial usage. However, reported adhesives usually exhibit weak adhesion strength, require high pressure for strong bonding, and display severe adhesion deterioration in various harsh environments. In this work, instead of water or organic solvents, a deep eutectic solution (DES) was used as the medium for photopolymerization of zwitterionic and polarized monomers, thus generating a novel ionogel with tunable mechanical properties. Multiple hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between DES and monomers facilitated ultrafast gelation and instant bonding without any external pressure, which was rarely reported previously. Furthermore, high adhesion in different harsh environments (e.g., water, acidic and basic buffers, and saline solutions) and onto hydrophilic (e.g., glass and tissues) and hydrophobic (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, and polypropylene) adherends was demonstrated. Also, high stretchability of the ionogel at extreme temperatures (-80 and 80 °C) indicated its widespread applications. Furthermore, the biocompatible ionogel showed high burst pressure onto stomach and intestine tissues to prevent liquid leakage, highlighting its potential as an adhesive patch. This ionogel provides unprecedented opportunities in the fields of packaging industry, marine engineering, medical adhesives, and electronic assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ge
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Kalpana Mandal
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mengchen Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Larry Carlson
- Institute for Technology Advancement, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ghim Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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42
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Guo M, Li G, Cai M, Hou X, Huang K, Tang J, Guo CF. A Tough Hydrogel Adhesive for the Repair of Archeological Pottery. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1371-1378. [PMID: 36735577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pottery is the oldest art and plays a landmark role in human civilization. The repair of ceramic relics often uses acrylic resins and cyanoacrylate adhesives. However, existing adhesives often take hours to get cured, and wet adhesion is not possible. We herein propose a redox initiator-triggered hydrogel adhesive, of which robust (∼700 J m-2) and wet adhesion with potsherds can be achieved within a few seconds. The high toughness lies in the self-limited delocalized rupture of the porous interface, and the wet adhesion is due to the hydrophilic precursor and its free radical polymerization. The hydrogel adhesive also exhibits high aging resistance for stable preservation of ∼400 annuals. We have applied the adhesive to the restoration of artifacts excavated from Yinxu, Anyang (∼1300 BC) and the Xia Jiao Shan site (∼4000 BC, Neolithic), and the adhesive is expected to be extended to applications beyond archeology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Minkun Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xingyu Hou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kaixi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jigen Tang
- Department of Cultural Heritage Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chuan Fei Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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43
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Erlenbach S, Mondal K, Ma J, Neumann TV, Ma S, Holbery JD, Dickey MD. Flexible-to-Stretchable Mechanical and Electrical Interconnects. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:6005-6012. [PMID: 36599089 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronic devices that maintain electrical function when subjected to stress or strain are useful for enabling new applications for electronics, such as wearable devices, human-machine interfaces, and components for soft robotics. Powering and communicating with these devices is a challenge. NFC (near-field communication) coils solve this challenge but only work efficiently when they are in close proximity to the device. Alternatively, electrical signals and power can arrive via physical connections between the stretchable device and an external source, such as a battery. The ability to create a robust physical and electrical connection between mechanically disparate components may enable new types of hybrid devices in which at least a portion is stretchable or deformable, such as hinges. This paper presents a simple method to make mechanical and electrical connections between elastomeric conductors and flexible (or rigid) conductors. The adhesion at the interface between these disparate materials arises from surface chemistry that forms strong covalent bonds. The utilization of liquid metals as the conductor provides stretchable interconnects between stretchable and non-stretchable electrical traces. The liquid metal can be printed or injected into vias to create interconnects. We characterized the mechanical and electrical properties of these hybrid devices to demonstrate the concept and identify geometric design criteria to maximize mechanical strength. The work here provides a simple and general strategy for creating mechanical and electrical connections that may find use in a variety of stretchable and soft electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Erlenbach
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kunal Mondal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jinwoo Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Taylor V Neumann
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Applied Sciences Group, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington 98052, United States
| | - James D Holbery
- Applied Sciences Group, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, Washington 98052, United States
| | - Michael D Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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44
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Li L, Ji X, Chen K. Conductive, self-healing, and antibacterial Ag/MXene-PVA hydrogel as wearable skin-like sensors. J Biomater Appl 2023; 37:1169-1181. [PMID: 36189748 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221131137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of flexible electronic technology has led to the in-depth study of flexible wearable sensors to achieve accurate sensing under different external stimuli. However, it is still a huge challenge to develop hydrogel-based wearable skin-like sensors with super ductility, high sensitivity, and self-healing properties. Herein, the Ti3C2 type of MXene was synthesized, and the Ag/MXene nanocomplexes were incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol-borax matrix to construct a novel composite hydrogel as the multifunctional nanofillers, which could bring both improved properties and novel functionalities. The Ag/MXene-Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel displayed integrated merits of highly strain sensitive (GF = 3.26), self-healing (within 10 min, 91% healing efficiency), and excellent antibacterial activity. The hydrogel could be assembled into a wearable skin-like sensor to monitor human movement, including large deformations (finger, elbow, wrist, and knee bending) and tiny deformations (mouth's movement and throat vocalization) in real time. Therefore, this work shed a new light on the development of flexible wearable skin-like sensors for the personalized healthcare monitoring, human-machine interfaces, and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Li
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, 66283Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ji
- 117895Affiliated Sanming First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, 66283Sanming University, Sanming, Fujian, China
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45
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Wan X, Zhang F, Zhang K, Liu X, Xu X, Liu M, Jiang L, Wang S. Interfacial Instability-Induced (3I) Adhesives through "Mediator" Solvent Diffusion for Robust Underoil Adhesion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208413. [PMID: 36428268 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Underoil adhesives are intensively needed in case of oil spill caused by pipeline rupture, but remain a challenge owing to the obstruction of oil layer or their swelling in oil. Herein, a general solvent diffusion principle is demonstrated by introducing dual-soluble "mediator" solvents to develop a new type of interfacial instability-induced (3I) adhesives, achieving effective underoil adhesion on various substrates and blocking the oil leakage within seconds. Microscopic characterization reveals a fast and dynamic solvent exchange process that destroys the oil layer by liquid-liquid interfacial diffusion between the "mediator" solvent and oil, enabling 3I adhesives to contact the solid surfaces directly. The principle of interfacial instability-induced liquid replacement is quite different from typical immiscible liquid replacement and is not restricted by the surface tension of solvents, surface energy, and roughness of solid surfaces, successfully directing the construction of a series of effective 3I adhesives with commercially available feedstocks. This study provides a unique clue for the design of next-generation adhesives in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feilong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ke Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingqian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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46
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Lee W, Heo E, Koo HB, Cho I, Chang JB. Strong, Chemically Stable, and Enzymatically On-Demand Detachable Hydrogel Adhesion Using Protein Crosslink. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200750. [PMID: 36484110 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Achieving strong adhesion between hydrogels and diverse materials is greatly significant for emerging technologies yet remains challenging. Existing methods using non-covalent bonds have limited pH and ion stability, while those using covalent bonds typically lack on-demand detachment capability, limiting their applications. In this study, a general strategy of covalent bond-based and detachable adhesion by incorporating amine-rich proteins in various hydrogels and inducing the interfacial crosslinking of the hydrogels using a protein-crosslinking agent is demonstrated. The protein crosslink offers topological adhesion and can reach a strong adhesion energy of ≈750 J m-2 . The chemistry of the adhesion is characterized and that the inclusion of proteins inside the hydrogels does not alter the hydrogels' properties is shown. The adhesion remains intact after treating the adhered hydrogels with various pH solutions and ions, even at an elevated temperature. The detachment is triggered by treating proteinase solution at the bonding front, causing the digestion of proteins, thus breaking up the interfacial crosslink network. In addition, that this approach can be used to adhere hydrogels to diverse dry surfaces, including glass, elastomers and plastics, is shown. The stable chemistry of protein crosslinks opens the door for various applications in a wide range of chemical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonseok Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunseok Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Been Koo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - In Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Byum Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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47
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Li W, Yang X, Lai P, Shang L. Bio-inspired adhesive hydrogel for biomedicine-principles and design strategies. SMART MEDICINE 2022; 1:e20220024. [PMID: 39188733 PMCID: PMC11235927 DOI: 10.1002/smmd.20220024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The adhesiveness of hydrogels is urgently required in various biomedical applications such as medical patches, tissue sealants, and flexible electronic devices. However, biological tissues are often wet, soft, movable, and easily damaged. These features pose difficulties for the construction of adhesive hydrogels for medical use. In nature, organisms adhere to unique strategies, such as reversible sucker adhesion in octopuses and nontoxic and firm catechol chemistry in mussels, which provide many inspirations for medical hydrogels to overcome the above challenges. In this review, we systematically classify bioadhesion strategies into structure-related and molecular-related ones, which cover almost all known bioadhesion paradigms. We outline the principles of these strategies and summarize the corresponding designs of medical adhesive hydrogels inspired by them. Finally, conclusions and perspectives concerning the development of this field are provided. For the booming bio-inspired adhesive hydrogels, this review aims to summarize and analyze the various existing theories and provide systematic guidance for future research from an innovative perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Li
- Zhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Xinyuan Yang
- Zhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Puxiang Lai
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Luoran Shang
- Zhongshan‐Xuhui Hospital and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigeneticsthe International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology)Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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48
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Qiu X, Huang X, Zhang L. Electrochemical Bonding of Hydrogels at Rigid Surfaces. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2201132. [PMID: 36382565 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible hydrogels can be chemically/physically bonded on soft surfaces. However, there is a lack of a facile method to build strong interfacial adhesion between hydrogel and various rigid surfaces. Herein, an electrochemical bonding protocol, which improves the interfacial adhesion energy of hydrogel from initial 8 to 3480 J m-2 , ≈435 times enhancement at rigid glass surface, superior to the most of traditional methods, is proposed. A series of electrochemical bonding models to analyze the bonding mechanism, is demonstrated. The results indicate that the electrode reactions generate Fe3+ ions at the anode and OH- ions at the cathode, which migrate and react to form nanoparticles of Fe(OH)3 . These nanoparticles form hump-like physical structures at the interface and work as mechanical-bonding sites, enabling the strong interfacial adhesion. Upon applying acidic solution to decompose the nanoparticles, the strong adhesion can be weakened to easily remove hydrogel from the bonded surface. The electrochemically-bonded hydrogel can maintain its adhesion in water, which enables the electrochemical bonding of hydrogels for repairing various damaged surfaces such as plastic water tubes/bags, indicating promising potential for adhesive engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaxin Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
| | - Lidong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P. R. China
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49
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Parvini E, Hajalilou A, Lopes PA, Tiago MSM, de Almeida AT, Tavakoli M. Triple crosslinking conductive hydrogels with digitally printable and outstanding mechanical stability for high-resolution conformable bioelectronics. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:8486-8503. [PMID: 36321471 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soft, conductive, and stretchable hydrogels offer a broad variety of applications, including skin-interfacing electrodes, biomonitoring patches, and electrostimulation. Despite rapid developments over the last decades, a combination of good electrical and mechanical properties, low-cost fabrication, and biocompatibility is yet to be demonstrated. Also, the current methods for deposition and patterning of these hydrogels are manual, and there is a need toward autonomous and digital fabrication techniques. In this work, we demonstrate a novel Gallium (Ga) embedded sodium-alginate-polyacrylamide-LAPONITE® (Ga-SA-PAAM-La) hydrogel, that is ultra-stretchable (Maximum strain tolerance of∼985%), tough (toughness ∼30 kJ m-3), bio-adhesive (adhesion energy ∼216 J m-2), conductive, and digitally printable. Ga nanoparticles are used as radical initiators. By adjusting the sonication parameters, we control the solution viscosity and curing time, thus allowing us to prepare pre-polymers with the desired properties for casting, or digital printing. These hydrogels benefit from a triple-network structure due to the role of Ga droplets as crosslinkers besides BIS (N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide) and LAPONITE®, thus resulting in tough composite hydrogels. The inclusion of LAPONITE® into the hydrogel network improved its electrical conductivity, adhesion, digital printability, and its mechanical properties, (>6× compared to the same hydrogel without LAPONITE®). As electrodes in the electrocardiogram, the signal-to-noise ratio was surprisingly higher than the medical-grade Ag/AgCl electrodes, which are applied for monitoring muscles, heart, respiration, and body joint angle through EMG, ECG, and bioimpedance measurements. The results obtained prove that such digitally printed conductive and tough hydrogels can be used as potential electrodes and sensors in practical applications in the next generation of printed wearable computing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Parvini
- Institute of Systems and Robotics, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-290, Portugal.
| | - Abdollah Hajalilou
- Institute of Systems and Robotics, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-290, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Alhais Lopes
- Institute of Systems and Robotics, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-290, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Soares Maranha Tiago
- Institute of Systems and Robotics, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-290, Portugal.
| | - Anibal T de Almeida
- Institute of Systems and Robotics, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-290, Portugal.
| | - Mahmoud Tavakoli
- Institute of Systems and Robotics, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3030-290, Portugal.
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50
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Oh JY, Hwang CS, Yang YS, Song M, Kim J, Kim TS, Kim S, Oh H, Kang SY, Pi JE, Koo JB, Park CW, Lee H. Dual-Functional Self-Attachable and Stretchable Interface for Universal Three-Dimensional Modular Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:49303-49312. [PMID: 36241609 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics have become essential for custom-built electronics, self-assembling robotics, and wearable devices. Although many stretchable electronics contain integrated systems, they still limit bulky connection systems. We introduce a new dual-functioned self-attachable and stretchable interface (SASI), allowing a direct and instant interconnection between rigid and soft electronics. The SASI consists of a sticky and stretchable substrate and surface-embedded serpentine conductors with the single-sided polyimide fabricated using the embedded transfer process. The adhesion property of the SASI is controlled by the mixed elastomer ratio. The resulting sticky and conductive SASI can instantly adhere to a metal surface and create conductive paths. The SASI serpentine conductors exhibit high stretchability (∼290%) and provide self-attachable, re-attachable, and low-resistant electrical contacts (0.85 ohms in 0.25 mm2) between interfaces without pressure, heat, or extra solder. In addition, three-dimensional curved and modular electronics can be formed with the SASI by compiling functional blocks. SASI provides a novel strategy for assembling functional chips or modules for stretchable electronics, opening a path to onboard integrated electronics that are customizable by users for real-world stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Oh
- Reality Device Research Division, ICT Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Sun Hwang
- Reality Device Research Division, ICT Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Suk Yang
- Reality Device Research Division, ICT Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junmo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujung Kim
- Reality Device Research Division, ICT Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Himchan Oh
- Reality Device Research Division, ICT Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Youl Kang
- Reality Device Research Division, ICT Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Pi
- Reality Device Research Division, ICT Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Bon Koo
- Reality Device Research Division, ICT Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Reality Device Research Division, ICT Creative Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoyoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066 Seoburo, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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