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Liu Y, Chen P, Hu B, Xiao Y, Su T, Luo X, Tu M, Cai G. Excessive mechanical loading promotes osteoarthritis development by upregulating Rcn2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167251. [PMID: 38795835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Exposure of articular cartilage to excessive mechanical loading is closely related to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the exact molecular mechanism by which excessive mechanical loading drives OA remains unclear. In vitro, primary chondrocytes were exposed to cyclic tensile strain at 0.5 Hz and 10 % elongation for 30 min to simulate excessive mechanical loading in OA. In vivo experiments involved mice undergoing anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) to model OA, followed by interventions on Rcn2 expression through adeno-associated virus (AAV) injection and tamoxifen-induced gene deletion. 10 μL AAV2/5 containing AAV-Rcn2 or AAV-shRcn2 was administered to the mice by articular injection at 1 week post ACLT surgery, and Col2a1-creERT: Rcn2flox/flox mice were injected with tamoxifen intraperitoneally to obtain Rcn2-conditional knockout mice. Finally, we explored the mechanism of Rcn2 affecting OA. Here, we identified reticulocalbin-2 (Rcn2) as a mechanosensitive factor in chondrocytes, which was significantly elevated in chondrocytes under mechanical overloading. PIEZO type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1) is a critical mechanosensitive ion channel, which mediates the effect of mechanical loading on chondrocytes, and we found that increased Rcn2 could be suppressed through knocking down Piezo1 under excessive mechanical loading. Furthermore, chondrocyte-specific deletion of Rcn2 in adult mice alleviated OA progression in the mice receiving the surgery of ACLT. On the contrary, articular injection of Rcn2-expressing adeno-associated virus (AAV) accelerated the progression of ACLT-induced OA in mice. Mechanistically, Rcn2 accelerated the progression of OA through promoting the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Biao Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianghang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Manli Tu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, China; Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, China; Jiangxi Branch of National Clinical Research Center for metabolic Disease, China.
| | - Guangping Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.
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Michaels AM, Zoccarato A, Hoare Z, Firth G, Chung YJ, Kuchel PW, Shah AM, Shattock MJ, Southworth R, Eykyn TR. Disrupting Na + ion homeostasis and Na +/K + ATPase activity in breast cancer cells directly modulates glycolysis in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:15. [PMID: 38783368 PMCID: PMC11119389 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00343-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycolytic flux is regulated by the energy demands of the cell. Upregulated glycolysis in cancer cells may therefore result from increased demand for adenosine triphosphate (ATP), however it is unknown what this extra ATP turnover is used for. We hypothesise that an important contribution to the increased glycolytic flux in cancer cells results from the ATP demand of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) due to altered sodium ion homeostasis in cancer cells. METHODS Live whole-cell measurements of intracellular sodium [Na+]i were performed in three human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, HCC1954, MCF-7), in murine breast cancer cells (4T1), and control human epithelial cells MCF-10A using triple quantum filtered 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Glycolytic flux was measured by 2H NMR to monitor conversion of [6,6-2H2]D-glucose to [2H]-labelled L-lactate at baseline and in response to NKA inhibition with ouabain. Intracellular [Na+]i was titrated using isotonic buffers with varying [Na+] and [K+] and introducing an artificial Na+ plasma membrane leak using the ionophore gramicidin-A. Experiments were carried out in parallel with cell viability assays, 1H NMR metabolomics of intracellular and extracellular metabolites, extracellular flux analyses and in vivo measurements in a MDA-MB-231 human-xenograft mouse model using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoroglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). RESULTS Intracellular [Na+]i was elevated in human and murine breast cancer cells compared to control MCF-10A cells. Acute inhibition of NKA by ouabain resulted in elevated [Na+]i and inhibition of glycolytic flux in all three human cancer cells which are ouabain sensitive, but not in the murine cells which are ouabain resistant. Permeabilization of cell membranes with gramicidin-A led to a titratable increase of [Na+]i in MDA-MB-231 and 4T1 cells and a Na+-dependent increase in glycolytic flux. This was attenuated with ouabain in the human cells but not in the murine cells. 18FDG PET imaging in an MDA-MB-231 human-xenograft mouse model recorded lower 18FDG tumour uptake when treated with ouabain while murine tissue uptake was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Glycolytic flux correlates with Na+-driven NKA activity in breast cancer cells, providing evidence for the 'centrality of the [Na+]i-NKA nexus' in the mechanistic basis of the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan M Michaels
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Anna Zoccarato
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Zoe Hoare
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - George Firth
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Yu Jin Chung
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip W Kuchel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J Shattock
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Southworth
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Thomas R Eykyn
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Chatzinikolaou PN, Margaritelis NV, Paschalis V, Theodorou AA, Vrabas IS, Kyparos A, D'Alessandro A, Nikolaidis MG. Erythrocyte metabolism. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14081. [PMID: 38270467 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Our aim is to present an updated overview of the erythrocyte metabolism highlighting its richness and complexity. We have manually collected and connected the available biochemical pathways and integrated them into a functional metabolic map. The focus of this map is on the main biochemical pathways consisting of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, redox metabolism, oxygen metabolism, purine/nucleoside metabolism, and membrane transport. Other recently emerging pathways are also curated, like the methionine salvage pathway, the glyoxalase system, carnitine metabolism, and the lands cycle, as well as remnants of the carboxylic acid metabolism. An additional goal of this review is to present the dynamics of erythrocyte metabolism, providing key numbers used to perform basic quantitative analyses. By synthesizing experimental and computational data, we conclude that glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and redox metabolism are the foundations of erythrocyte metabolism. Additionally, the erythrocyte can sense oxygen levels and oxidative stress adjusting its mechanics, metabolism, and function. In conclusion, fine-tuning of erythrocyte metabolism controls one of the most important biological processes, that is, oxygen loading, transport, and delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis N Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Vassilis Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios A Theodorou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis S Vrabas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Antonios Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
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Xia K, Chen X, Wang W, Liu Q, Zhao M, Ma J, Jia H. Roles of mechanosensitive ion channels in immune cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23318. [PMID: 38148826 PMCID: PMC10750075 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanosensitive ion channels are a class of membrane-integrated proteins that convert externalmechanical forces, including stretching, pressure, gravity, and osmotic pressure changes, some of which can be caused by pathogen invasion, into electrical and chemical signals transmitted to the cytoplasm. In recent years, with the identification of many of these channels, their roles in the initiation and progression of many diseases have been gradually revealed. Multiple studies have shown that mechanosensitive ion channels regulate the proliferation, activation, and inflammatory responses of immune cells by being expressed on the surface of immune cells and further responding to mechanical forces. Nonetheless, further clarification is required regarding the signaling pathways of immune-cell pattern-recognition receptors and on the impact of microenvironmental changes and mechanical forces on immune cells. This review summarizes the roles of mechanosensitive ion channels in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Xia
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaolin Chen
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mai Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Haining Road 100, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Jiacheng Ma
- The Department of Information Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Cellular Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Evtugina NG, Peshkova AD, Khabirova AI, Andrianova IA, Abdullayeva S, Ayombil F, Shepeliuk T, Grishchuk EL, Ataullakhanov FI, Litvinov RI, Weisel JW. Activation of Piezo1 channels in compressed red blood cells augments platelet-driven contraction of blood clots. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2418-2429. [PMID: 37268065 PMCID: PMC10949619 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive cationic channel that boosts intracellular [Ca2+]i. Compression of red blood cells (RBCs) during platelet-driven contraction of blood clots may cause the activation of Piezo1. OBJECTIVES To establish relationships between Piezo1 activity and blood clot contraction. METHODS Effects of a Piezo1 agonist, Yoda1, and antagonist, GsMTx-4, on clot contraction in vitro were studied in human blood containing physiological [Ca2+]. Clot contraction was induced by exogenous thrombin. Activation of Piezo1 was assessed by Ca2+ influx in RBCs and with other functional and morphologic features. RESULTS Piezo1 channels in compressed RBCs are activated naturally during blood clot contraction and induce an upsurge in the intracellular [Ca2+]i, followed by phosphatidylserine exposure. Adding the Piezo1 agonist Yoda1 to whole blood increased the extent of clot contraction due to Ca2+-dependent volumetric shrinkage of RBCs and increased platelet contractility due to their hyperactivation by the enhanced generation of endogenous thrombin on activated RBCs. Addition of rivaroxaban, the inhibitor of thrombin formation, or elimination of Ca2+ from the extracellular space abrogated the stimulating effect of Yoda1 on clot contraction. The Piezo1 antagonist, GsMTx-4, caused a decrease in the extent of clot contraction relative to the control both in whole blood and in platelet-rich plasma. Activated Piezo1 in compressed and deformed RBCs amplified the platelet contractility as a positive feedback mechanism during clot contraction. CONCLUSION The results obtained demonstrate that the Piezo1 channel expressed on RBCs comprises a mechanochemical modulator of blood clotting that may be considered a potential therapeutic target to correct hemostatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G Evtugina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Alina D Peshkova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation; Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alina I Khabirova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Izabella A Andrianova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Shahnoza Abdullayeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation
| | - Francis Ayombil
- Division of Hematology and the Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Taisia Shepeliuk
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ekaterina L Grishchuk
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fazoil I Ataullakhanov
- Department of Physiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rustem I Litvinov
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John W Weisel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Elliott SJ, Eykyn TR, Kuchel PW. Multiple quantum filtered nuclear magnetic resonance of 23Na+ in uniformly stretched and compressed hydrogels. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:034903. [PMID: 37462283 DOI: 10.1063/5.0158608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stretching or compressing hydrogels creates anisotropic environments that lead to motionally averaged alignment of embedded guest quadrupolar nuclear spins such as 23Na+. These distorted hydrogels can elicit a residual quadrupolar coupling that gives an oscillation in the trajectories of single quantum coherences (SQCs) as a function of the evolution time during a spin-echo experiment. We present solutions to equations of motion derived with a Liouvillian superoperator approach, which encompass the coherent quadrupolar interaction in conjunction with relaxation, to give a full analytical description of the evolution trajectories of rank-1 (T^1±1), rank-2 (T^2±1), and rank-3 (T^3±1) SQCs. We performed simultaneous numerical fitting of the experimental 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and rank-2 (T^2±1) and rank-3 (T^3±1) SQC evolution trajectories measured in double and triple quantum filtered experiments, respectively. We estimated values of the quadrupolar coupling constant CQ, rotational correlation time τC, and 3 × 3 Saupe order matrix. We performed simultaneous fitting of the analytical expressions to the experimental data to estimate values of the quadrupolar coupling frequency ωQ/2π, residual quadrupolar coupling ωQ/2π, and corresponding spherical order parameter S0*, which showed a linear dependence on the extent of uniform hydrogel stretching and compression. The analytical expressions were completely concordant with the numerical approach. The insights gained here can be extended to more complicated (biological) systems such as 23Na+ bound to proteins or located inside and outside living cells in high-field NMR experiments and, by extension, to the anisotropic environments found in vivo with 23Na magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Elliott
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - T R Eykyn
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
| | - P W Kuchel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Gsmtx4 Alleviated Osteoarthritis through Piezo1/Calcineurin/NFAT1 Signaling Axis under Excessive Mechanical Strain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044022. [PMID: 36835440 PMCID: PMC9961447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive mechanical strain is the prominent risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA), causing cartilage destruction and degeneration. However, the underlying molecular mechanism contributing to mechanical signaling transduction remains unclear in OA. Piezo type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1) is a calcium-permeable mechanosensitive ion channel and provides mechanosensitivity to cells, but its role in OA development has not been determined. Herein, we found up-regulated expression of Piezo1 in OA cartilage, and that its activation contributes to chondrocyte apoptosis. The knockdown of Piezo1 could protect chondrocytes from apoptosis and maintain the catabolic and anabolic balance under mechanical strain. In vivo, Gsmtx4, a Piezo1 inhibitor, markedly ameliorated the progression of OA, inhibited the chondrocyte apoptosis, and accelerated the production of the cartilage matrix. Mechanistically, we observed the elevated activity of calcineurin (CaN) and the nuclear transfection of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) under mechanical strain in chondrocytes. Inhibitors of CaN or NFAT1 rescued the pathologic changes induced by mechanical strain in chondrocytes. Overall, our findings revealed that Piezo1 was the essential molecule response to mechanical signals and regulated apoptosis and cartilage matrix metabolism via the CaN/NFAT1 signaling axis in chondrocytes, and that Gsmtx4 could be an attractive therapeutic drug for OA treatment.
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8
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Lew VL. The circulatory dynamics of human red blood cell homeostasis: Oxy-deoxy and PIEZO1-triggered changes. Biophys J 2023; 122:484-495. [PMID: 36588342 PMCID: PMC9941722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The vital function of red blood cells (RBCs) is to mediate the transport of oxygen from lungs to tissues and of CO2 from tissues to lungs. The gas exchanges occur during capillary transits within fractions of a second. Each oxygenation-deoxygenation and deoxygenation-reoxygenation transition on hemoglobin triggers sharp changes in RBC pH, leading to downstream changes in ion fluxes, membrane potential, and cell volume. The dynamics of these changes during the variable periods between capillary transits in vivo remains a mystery inaccessible to study by current methodologies, a knowledge gap on a fundamental physiological process that is the focus of the present study. The use of a computational model of human RBC homeostasis of tested accreditation enabled a detailed investigation of the expected RBC changes during intercapillary transits, with results advancing novel insights and predictions. The predicted rates of relative RBC volume change on oxygenation-deoxygenation (oxy-deoxy) and deoxygenation-reoxygenation transitions were about 1.5%/min and -0.9%/min, respectively, far too slow to allow the cells to reach steady states in the intervals between capillary transits. The amplitude of the oxy-deoxy-reoxygenation volume fluctuations varied in proportion with the duration of the intercapillary transit intervals. Upon capillary entry, oxy-deoxy-induced changes occur concurrently with deformation-induced PIEZO1 channel activation, both processes affecting cell pH, membrane potential, and cell volume during intertransit periods. The model showed that the effects were strictly additive as expected from processes operating independently on the cell's homeostatic fabric. Analysis of the mechanisms behind these predictions revealed, for the first time, the complex interactions between oxy-deoxy and ion transport processes that ensure the long-term homeostatic stability of RBCs for optimal gas transport in physiological conditions and how these may become altered in diseased states. Possible designs of microfluidic devices to test the model predictions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgilio L Lew
- Physiological Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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9
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Fatigue of red blood cells under periodic squeezes in ECMO. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2210819119. [PMID: 36454755 PMCID: PMC9894116 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210819119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolysis usually happens instantly when red blood cells (RBCs) rupture under a high shear stress. However, it is also found to happen gradually in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) under low but periodic squeezes. In particular, the gradual hemolysis is accompanied by a progressive change in morphology of RBCs. In this work, the gradual hemolysis is studied in a microfluidic device with arrays of narrow gaps the same as the constructions in ECMO. RBCs are seen to deform periodically when they flow through the narrow gaps, which causes the release of adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) from RBCs. The reduced ATP level in the cells leads to the fatigue of RBCs with the progressive changes in morphology and the gradual loss of deformability. An empirical model for the fatigue of RBCs is established under the periodic squeezes with controlled deformation, and it reveals a different way of the hemolysis that is dominated by the squeeze frequency. This finding brings a new insight into the mechanism of hemolysis, and it helps to improve the design of circulatory support devices.
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Zhang Y, Habibovic P. Delivering Mechanical Stimulation to Cells: State of the Art in Materials and Devices Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110267. [PMID: 35385176 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical signals, such as growth factors, cytokines, and transcription factors are known to play a crucial role in regulating a variety of cellular activities as well as maintaining the normal function of different tissues and organs. If the biochemical signals are assumed to be one side of the coin, the other side comprises biophysical cues. There is growing evidence showing that biophysical signals, and in particular mechanical cues, also play an important role in different stages of human life ranging from morphogenesis during embryonic development to maturation and maintenance of tissue and organ function throughout life. In order to investigate how mechanical signals influence cell and tissue function, tremendous efforts have been devoted to fabricating various materials and devices for delivering mechanical stimuli to cells and tissues. Here, an overview of the current state of the art in the design and development of such materials and devices is provided, with a focus on their design principles, and challenges and perspectives for future research directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering, Maastricht University, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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11
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Li X, Hu J, Zhao X, Li J, Chen Y. Piezo channels in the urinary system. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:697-710. [PMID: 35701561 PMCID: PMC9256749 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Piezo channel family, including Piezo1 and Piezo2, includes essential mechanosensitive transduction molecules in mammals. Functioning in the conversion of mechanical signals to biological signals to regulate a plethora of physiological processes, Piezo channels, which have a unique homotrimeric three-blade propeller-shaped structure, utilize a cap-motion and plug-and-latch mechanism to gate their ion-conducting pathways. Piezo channels have a wide range of biological roles in various human systems, both in vitro and in vivo. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding of their antagonists and agonists, and therefore further investigation is needed. Remarkably, increasingly compelling evidence demonstrates that Piezo channel function in the urinary system is important. This review article systematically summarizes the existing evidence of the importance of Piezo channels, including protein structure, mechanogating mechanisms, and pharmacological characteristics, with a particular focus on their physiological and pathophysiological roles in the urinary system. Collectively, this review aims to provide a direction for future clinical applications in urinary system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junwei Hu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xuedan Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuelai Chen
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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12
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Wang H, Obeidy P, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Su QP, Cox CD, Ju LA. Fluorescence-coupled micropipette aspiration assay to examine calcium mobilization caused by red blood cell mechanosensing. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2022; 51:135-146. [PMID: 35286429 PMCID: PMC8964638 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-022-01595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli such as tension, compression, and shear stress play critical roles in the physiological functions of red blood cells (RBCs) and their homeostasis, ATP release, and rheological properties. Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) mobilization reflects RBC mechanosensing as they transverse the complex vasculature. Emerging studies have demonstrated the presence of mechanosensitive Ca2+ permeable ion channels and their function has been implicated in the regulation of RBC volume and deformability. However, how these mechanoreceptors trigger Ca2+ influx and subsequent cellular responses are still unclear. Here, we introduce a fluorescence-coupled micropipette aspiration assay to examine RBC mechanosensing at the single-cell level. To achieve a wide range of cell aspirations, we implemented and compared two negative pressure adjusting apparatuses: a homemade water manometer (- 2.94 to 0 mmH2O) and a pneumatic high-speed pressure clamp (- 25 to 0 mmHg). To visualize Ca2+ influx, RBCs were pre-loaded with an intensiometric probe Cal-520 AM, then imaged under a confocal microscope with concurrent bright-field and fluorescent imaging at acquisition rates of 10 frames per second. Remarkably, we observed the related changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels immediately after aspirating individual RBCs in a pressure-dependent manner. The RBC aspirated by the water manometer only displayed 1.1-fold increase in fluorescence intensity, whereas the RBC aspirated by the pneumatic clamp showed up to threefold increase. These results demonstrated the water manometer as a gentle tool for cell manipulation with minimal pre-activation, while the high-speed pneumatic clamp as a much stronger pressure actuator to examine cell mechanosensing directly. Together, this multimodal platform enables us to precisely control aspiration and membrane tension, and subsequently correlate this with intracellular calcium concentration dynamics in a robust and reproducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqing Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia
| | - Peyman Obeidy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Zihao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia.,School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia
| | - Yunduo Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia.,Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia.,Cellular and Genetic Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Qian Peter Su
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Charles D Cox
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Lining Arnold Ju
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, 2008, Australia. .,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,Heart Research Institute, Newtown, NSW, 2042, Australia.
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13
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Scheim DE. A Deadly Embrace: Hemagglutination Mediated by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein at Its 22 N-Glycosylation Sites, Red Blood Cell Surface Sialoglycoproteins, and Antibody. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2558. [PMID: 35269703 PMCID: PMC8910562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rouleaux (stacked clumps) of red blood cells (RBCs) observed in the blood of COVID-19 patients in three studies call attention to the properties of several enveloped virus strains dating back to seminal findings of the 1940s. For COVID-19, key such properties are: (1) SARS-CoV-2 binds to RBCs in vitro and also in the blood of COVID-19 patients; (2) although ACE2 is its target for viral fusion and replication, SARS-CoV-2 initially attaches to sialic acid (SA) terminal moieties on host cell membranes via glycans on its spike protein; (3) certain enveloped viruses express hemagglutinin esterase (HE), an enzyme that releases these glycan-mediated bindings to host cells, which is expressed among betacoronaviruses in the common cold strains but not the virulent strains, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS. The arrangement and chemical composition of the glycans at the 22 N-glycosylation sites of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and those at the sialoglycoprotein coating of RBCs allow exploration of specifics as to how virally induced RBC clumping may form. The in vitro and clinical testing of these possibilities can be sharpened by the incorporation of an existing anti-COVID-19 therapeutic that has been found in silico to competitively bind to multiple glycans on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Scheim
- US Public Health Service, Commissioned Officer, Inactive Reserve, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
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14
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Romanenko K, Elliott SJ, Shubin AA, Kuchel PW. Identification of beryllium fluoride complexes in mechanically distorted gels using quadrupolar split 9Be NMR spectra resolved with solution-state selective cross-polarization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16932-16941. [PMID: 34337629 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02515e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The uniformly anisotropic media afforded by hydrogels are being increasingly exploited in analytical (structure elucidation) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and in studies of mechanosensitive biophysical and biochemical properties of living cells. The 9Be NMR parameters of beryllium fluoride complexes formed in aqueous solutions are sensitive markers of the anisotropic molecular environments produced by gelatin gels. The electric quadrupole moment of the 9Be nucleus (spin I = 3/2) interacts with the electric field gradient tensor in a stretched (or compressed) gel, giving rise to the splitting of peaks in 9Be NMR spectra. These are in addition to those produced by scalar coupling to the 19F nuclei. Thus, an equilibrium mixture of beryllofluoride complexes (BeF2, BeF3-, and BeF42-) in mechanically distorted gels generates an envelope of overlapping 9Be NMR multiplets. In the present work, the multiplets were dissected apart by using selective excitation of 9Be-19F cross-polarization; and the spectral components were quantified with multi-parameter line-shape decomposition, coupled with SpinDynamica simulations. The effects of gel density and Bloom number (a measure of gelatin-gel rigidity under standard conditions of sample preparation) on residual quadrupolar splittings were examined. Cross-polarization experiments revealed a bimodal distribution of residual quadrupolar coupling constants (RQC) of the BeF3- complexes. The average RQC of the dominant BeF3- population was ∼3 times larger than that of BeF42-. The secondary BeF3- population existed in a tetrahedral configuration. It was attributed to BeF3- complexes associated with negatively charged -COO- groups of the denatured collagen matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Romanenko
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Building G08, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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15
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Jankovsky N, Caulier A, Demagny J, Guitton C, Djordjevic S, Lebon D, Ouled‐Haddou H, Picard V, Garçon L. Recent advances in the pathophysiology of PIEZO1-related hereditary xerocytosis. Am J Hematol 2021; 96:1017-1026. [PMID: 33848364 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary xerocytosis is a rare red blood cell disease related to gain-of-function mutations in the FAM38A gene, encoding PIEZO1, in 90% of cases; PIEZO1 is a broadly expressed mechano-transducer that plays a major role in many cell systems and tissues that respond to mechanical stress. In erythrocytes, PIEZO1 adapts the intracellular ionic content and cell hydration status to the mechanical constraints induced by the environment. Until recently, the pathophysiology of hereditary xerocytosis was mainly believed to be based on the "PIEZO1-Gardos channel axis" in erythrocytes, according to which PIEZO1-activating mutations induce a calcium influx that secondarily activates the Gardos channel, leading to potassium and water efflux and subsequently to red blood cell dehydration. However, recent studies have demonstrated additional roles for PIEZO1 during early erythropoiesis and reticulocyte maturation, as well as roles in other tissues and cells such as lymphatic vessels, hepatocytes, macrophages and platelets that may affect the pathophysiology of the disease. These findings, presented and discussed in this review, broaden our understanding of hereditary xerocytosis beyond that of primarily being a red blood cell disease and identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Jankovsky
- UR4666 HEMATIM Université Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Amiens‐Picardie Amiens France
| | - Alexis Caulier
- UR4666 HEMATIM Université Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Amiens‐Picardie Amiens France
| | - Julien Demagny
- UR4666 HEMATIM Université Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Amiens‐Picardie Amiens France
| | - Corinne Guitton
- Service de Pédiatrie Générale, CHU Bicêtre Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre France
- Centre de référence des maladies constitutionnelles du globule rouge et de l'érythropoïèse (Filière MCGRE) Créteil France
| | | | - Delphine Lebon
- UR4666 HEMATIM Université Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Amiens‐Picardie Amiens France
| | | | - Véronique Picard
- Centre de référence des maladies constitutionnelles du globule rouge et de l'érythropoïèse (Filière MCGRE) Créteil France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Bicêtre Le Kremlin‐Bicêtre France
- Faculté de Pharmacie Université Paris Saclay Châtenay‐Malabry France
| | - Loïc Garçon
- UR4666 HEMATIM Université Picardie Jules Verne Amiens France
- Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Amiens‐Picardie Amiens France
- Centre de référence des maladies constitutionnelles du globule rouge et de l'érythropoïèse (Filière MCGRE) Créteil France
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16
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Kuchel PW, Cox CD, Daners D, Shishmarev D, Galvosas P. Surface model of the human red blood cell simulating changes in membrane curvature under strain. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13712. [PMID: 34211012 PMCID: PMC8249411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We present mathematical simulations of shapes of red blood cells (RBCs) and their cytoskeleton when they are subjected to linear strain. The cell surface is described by a previously reported quartic equation in three dimensional (3D) Cartesian space. Using recently available functions in Mathematica to triangularize the surfaces we computed four types of curvature of the membrane. We also mapped changes in mesh-triangle area and curvatures as the RBCs were distorted. The highly deformable red blood cell (erythrocyte; RBC) responds to mechanically imposed shape changes with enhanced glycolytic flux and cation transport. Such morphological changes are produced experimentally by suspending the cells in a gelatin gel, which is then elongated or compressed in a custom apparatus inside an NMR spectrometer. A key observation is the extent to which the maximum and minimum Principal Curvatures are localized symmetrically in patches at the poles or equators and distributed in rings around the main axis of the strained RBC. Changes on the nanometre to micro-meter scale of curvature, suggest activation of only a subset of the intrinsic mechanosensitive cation channels, Piezo1, during experiments carried out with controlled distortions, which persist for many hours. This finding is relevant to a proposal for non-uniform distribution of Piezo1 molecules around the RBC membrane. However, if the curvature that gates Piezo1 is at a very fine length scale, then membrane tension will determine local curvature; so, curvatures as computed here (in contrast to much finer surface irregularities) may not influence Piezo1 activity. Nevertheless, our analytical methods can be extended address these new mechanistic proposals. The geometrical reorganization of the simulated cytoskeleton informs ideas about the mechanism of concerted metabolic and cation-flux responses of the RBC to mechanically imposed shape changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Kuchel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Building G08, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Charles D Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Daners
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dmitry Shishmarev
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Petrik Galvosas
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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17
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Numerical Simulations of Red-Blood Cells in Fluid Flow: A Discrete Multiphysics Study. CHEMENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering5030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a methodological study of modelling red blood cells (RBCs) in shear-induced flows based on the discrete multiphysics (DMP) approach. The DMP is an alternative approach from traditional multiphysics based on meshless particle-based methods. The proposed technique has been successful in modelling multiphysics and multi-phase problems with large interfacial deformations such as those in biological systems. In this study, we present the proposed method and introduce an accurate geometrical representation of the RBC. The results were validated against available data in the literature. We further illustrate that the proposed method is capable of modelling the rupture of the RBC membrane with minimum computational difficulty.
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18
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Guo J, Gu D, Zhao T, Zhao Z, Xiong Y, Sun M, Xin C, Zhang Y, Pei L, Sun J. Trends in Piezo Channel Research Over the Past Decade: A Bibliometric Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:668714. [PMID: 33935792 PMCID: PMC8082452 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.668714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: We used bibliometric methods to evaluate the global scientific output of research on Piezo channels and explore the current status and trends in this field over the past decade. Methods: Piezo channel-related studies published in 2010–2020 were retrieved from Web of Science. The R bibliometrix package was used for quantitative and qualitative analyses of publication outputs and author contributions. VOSviewer was used to construct networks based on co-authorship of countries/institutions/authors, co-citation analysis of journals/references, citation analysis of documents, and co-occurrence of keywords. Results: In total, 556 related articles and reviews were included in the final analysis. The number of publications has increased substantially with time. The country and institution contributing the most to this field was the United States and Scripps Research Institute, respectively. Ardem Patapoutian was the most productive author and ranked first among the cited authors, h-index, and m-index. The top cited reference was the article published by Coste B et al. in Science (2010) that identified Piezo1/2 in mammalian cells. The top journals in terms of the number of selected articles and citations were Nature Communications and Nature, respectively. The co-occurrence analysis revealed that Piezo channels are involved a variety of cell types (Merkel cells, neurons, endothelial cells, red blood cells), physiological processes (touch sensation, blood pressure, proprioception, vascular development), related ion channels (transient receptor potential, Gardos), and diseases (pain, distal arthrogryposis, dehydrated hereditary stomatocytosis, cancer), and pharmacology (Yoda1, GsMTx-4). Conclusion: Our bibliometric analysis shows that Piezo channel research continues to be a hotspot. The focus has evolved from Piezo identification to architecture, activation mechanism, roles in diseases, and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongmei Gu
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanhao Zhao
- Department of Massage, Danyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Danyang, China
| | - Yajun Xiong
- School of Internet of Things Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengzhu Sun
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Xin
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Health and Rehabilitation College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixia Pei
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Acupuncture and Moxibustion Disease Project Group of China Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Sun
- Department of Acupuncture Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Acupuncture and Moxibustion Disease Project Group of China Evidence-Based Medicine Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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19
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Zimna A, Kaczmarska M, Szczesny-Malysiak E, Wajda A, Bulat K, Alcicek FC, Zygmunt M, Sacha T, Marzec KM. An Insight into the Stages of Ion Leakage during Red Blood Cell Storage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062885. [PMID: 33809183 PMCID: PMC7998123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Packed red blood cells (pRBCs), the most commonly transfused blood product, are exposed to environmental disruptions during storage in blood banks. In this study, temporal sequence of changes in the ion exchange in pRBCs was analyzed. Standard techniques commonly used in electrolyte measurements were implemented. The relationship between ion exchange and red blood cells (RBCs) morphology was assessed with use of atomic force microscopy with reference to morphological parameters. Variations observed in the Na+, K+, Cl−, H+, HCO3−, and lactate ions concentration show a complete picture of singly-charged ion changes in pRBCs during storage. Correlation between the rate of ion changes and blood group type, regarding the limitations of our research, suggested, that group 0 is the most sensitive to the time-dependent ionic changes. Additionally, the impact of irreversible changes in ion exchange on the RBCs membrane was observed in nanoscale. Results demonstrate that the level of ion leakage that leads to destructive alterations in biochemical and morphological properties of pRBCs depend on the storage timepoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zimna
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.Z.); (E.S.-M.); (A.W.); (K.B.); (F.C.A.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Kaczmarska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.Z.); (E.S.-M.); (A.W.); (K.B.); (F.C.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (K.M.M.); Tel.: +48-12-297-5472 (M.K.); +48-12-664-5476 (K.M.M.)
| | - Ewa Szczesny-Malysiak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.Z.); (E.S.-M.); (A.W.); (K.B.); (F.C.A.)
| | - Aleksandra Wajda
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.Z.); (E.S.-M.); (A.W.); (K.B.); (F.C.A.)
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza St., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bulat
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.Z.); (E.S.-M.); (A.W.); (K.B.); (F.C.A.)
| | - Fatih Celal Alcicek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.Z.); (E.S.-M.); (A.W.); (K.B.); (F.C.A.)
| | - Malgorzata Zygmunt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sacha
- Chair of Haematology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 12 sw. Anny St., 30-008 Krakow, Poland;
- Department of Haematology, Jagiellonian University Hospital, 17 Kopernika St., 31-501 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Maria Marzec
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego St., 30-348 Krakow, Poland; (A.Z.); (E.S.-M.); (A.W.); (K.B.); (F.C.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (K.M.M.); Tel.: +48-12-297-5472 (M.K.); +48-12-664-5476 (K.M.M.)
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20
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Enhanced Ca 2+ influx in mechanically distorted erythrocytes measured with 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3749. [PMID: 33580124 PMCID: PMC7881017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first direct nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) evidence of enhanced entry of Ca2+ ions into human erythrocytes (red blood cells; RBCs), when these cells are mechanically distorted. For this we loaded the RBCs with the fluorinated Ca2+ chelator, 1,2-bis(2-amino-5-fluorophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (5FBAPTA), and recorded 19F NMR spectra. The RBCs were suspended in gelatin gel in a special stretching/compression apparatus. The 5FBAPTA was loaded into the cells as the tetraacetoxymethyl ester; and 13C NMR spectroscopy with [1,6-13C]D-glucose as substrate showed active glycolysis albeit at a reduced rate in cell suspensions and gels. The enhancement of Ca2+ influx is concluded to be via the mechanosensitive cation channel Piezo1. The increased rate of influx brought about by the activator of Piezo1, 2-[5-[[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)methyl]thio]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-pyrazine (Yoda1) supported this conclusion; while the specificity of the cation-sensing by 5FBAPTA was confirmed by using the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187.
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21
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Tapia J, Vera N, Aguilar J, González M, Sánchez SA, Coelho P, Saavedra C, Staforelli J. Correlated flickering of erythrocytes membrane observed with dual time resolved membrane fluctuation spectroscopy under different D-glucose concentrations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2429. [PMID: 33510337 PMCID: PMC7844050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A correlated human red blood cell membrane fluctuation dependent on D-glucose concentration was found with dual time resolved membrane fluctuation spectroscopy (D-TRMFS). This new technique is a modified version of the dual optical tweezers method that has been adapted to measure the mechanical properties of red blood cells (RBCs) at distant membrane points simultaneously, enabling correlation analysis. Mechanical parameters under different D-glucose concentrations were obtained from direct membrane flickering measurements, complemented with membrane fluidity measurements using Laurdan Generalized Polarization (GP) Microscopy. Our results show an increase in the fluctuation amplitude of the lipid bilayer, and a decline in tension value, bending modulus and fluidity as D-glucose concentration increases. Metabolic mechanisms are proposed as explanations for the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tapia
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - N Vera
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Joao Aguilar
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - M González
- Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - S A Sánchez
- Departamento de Polímeros, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - P Coelho
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Lientur 1457, 4080871, Concepción, Chile
| | - C Saavedra
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - J Staforelli
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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22
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Shou K, Sarter M, de Souza NR, de Campo L, Whitten AE, Kuchel PW, Garvey CJ, Stadler AM. Effect of red blood cell shape changes on haemoglobin interactions and dynamics: a neutron scattering study. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:201507. [PMID: 33204483 PMCID: PMC7657910 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By using a combination of experimental neutron scattering techniques, it is possible to obtain a statistical perspective on red blood cell (RBC) shape in suspensions, and the inter-relationship with protein interactions and dynamics inside the confinement of the cell membrane. In this study, we examined the ultrastructure of RBC and protein-protein interactions of haemoglobin (Hb) in them using ultra-small-angle neutron scattering and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). In addition, we used the neutron backscattering method to access Hb motion on the ns time scale and Å length scale. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) experiments were performed to measure diffusive motion of Hb in RBCs and in an RBC lysate. By using QENS, we probed both internal Hb dynamics and global protein diffusion, on the accessible time scale and length scale by QENS. Shape changes of RBCs and variation of intracellular Hb concentration were induced by addition of the Na+-selective ionophore monensin and the K+-selective one, valinomycin. The experimental SANS and QENS results are discussed within the framework of crowded protein solutions, where free motion of Hb is obstructed by mutual interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyun Shou
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-8: Neutron Scattering and Biological Matter), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Mona Sarter
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-8: Neutron Scattering and Biological Matter), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- I. Physikalisches Institut (IA), AG Biophysik, RWTH Aachen, Sommerfeldstrasse 14, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicolas R. de Souza
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Liliana de Campo
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Andrew E. Whitten
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
| | - Philip W. Kuchel
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Garvey
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales 2234, Australia
- Biofilm—Research Center for Biointerfaces and Biomedical Science Department, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
- Lund Institute for Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas M. Stadler
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) and Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-8: Neutron Scattering and Biological Matter), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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23
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Svetina S. Theoretical Bases for the Role of Red Blood Cell Shape in the Regulation of Its Volume. Front Physiol 2020; 11:544. [PMID: 32581839 PMCID: PMC7297144 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The red blood cell (RBC) membrane contains a mechanosensitive cation channel Piezo1 that is involved in RBC volume homeostasis. In a recent model of the mechanism of its action it was proposed that Piezo1 cation permeability responds to changes of the RBC shape. The aim here is to review in a descriptive manner different previous studies of RBC behavior that formed the basis for this proposal. These studies include the interpretation of RBC and vesicle shapes based on the minimization of membrane bending energy, the analyses of various consequences of compositional and structural features of RBC membrane, in particular of its membrane skeleton and its integral membrane proteins, and the modeling of the establishment of RBC volume. The proposed model of Piezo1 action is critically evaluated, and a perspective presented for solving some remaining experimental and theoretical problems. Part of the discussion is devoted to the usefulness of theoretical modeling in studies of the behavior of cell systems in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Svetina
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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24
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Guizouarn H, Allegrini B. Erythroid glucose transport in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1371-1383. [PMID: 32474749 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucose transport is intimately linked to red blood cell physiology. Glucose is the unique energy source for these cells, and defects in glucose metabolism or transport activity are associated with impaired red blood cell morphology and deformability leading to reduced lifespan. In vertebrate erythrocytes, glucose transport is mediated by GLUT1 (in humans) or GLUT4 transporters. These proteins also account for dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) transport through erythrocyte membrane. The peculiarities of glucose transporters and the red blood cell pathologies involving GLUT1 are summarized in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Guizouarn
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 28 av. Valrose, 06100, Nice, France.
| | - Benoit Allegrini
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, 28 av. Valrose, 06100, Nice, France
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25
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Matrix Mechanosensation in the Erythroid and Megakaryocytic Lineages. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040894. [PMID: 32268541 PMCID: PMC7226728 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomechanical properties of the bone marrow microenvironment emerge from a combination of interactions between various extracellular matrix (ECM) structural proteins and soluble factors. Matrix stiffness directs stem cell fate, and both bone marrow stromal and hematopoietic cells respond to biophysical cues. Within the bone marrow, the megakaryoblasts and erythroblasts are thought to originate from a common progenitor, giving rise to fully mature magakaryocytes (the platelet precursors) and erythrocytes. Erythroid and megakaryocytic progenitors sense and respond to the ECM through cell surface adhesion receptors such as integrins and mechanosensitive ion channels. While hematopoietic stem progenitor cells remain quiescent on stiffer ECM substrates, the maturation of the erythroid and megakaryocytic lineages occurs on softer ECM substrates. This review surveys the major matrix structural proteins that contribute to the overall biomechanical tone of the bone marrow, as well as key integrins and mechanosensitive ion channels identified as ECM sensors in context of megakaryocytosis or erythropoiesis.
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26
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Rapid zero-trans kinetics of Cs + exchange in human erythrocytes quantified by dissolution hyperpolarized 133Cs + NMR spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19726. [PMID: 31873230 PMCID: PMC6928147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56250-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane flux of Cs+ (a K+ congener) was measured in human red blood cells (RBCs; erythrocytes) on the 10-s time scale. This is the first report on dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with this nuclide in mammalian cells. Four technical developments regularized sample delivery and led to high quality NMR spectra. Cation-free media with the Piezo1 (mechanosensitive cation channel) activator yoda1 maximized the extent of membrane transport. First-order rate constants describing the fluxes were estimated using a combination of statistical methods in Mathematica, including the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm. Fluxes were in the range 4-70 μmol Cs+ (L RBC)-1 s-1; these are smaller than for urea, but comparable to glucose. Methodology and analytical procedures developed will be applicable to transmembrane cation transport studies in the presence of additional Piezo1 effectors, to other cellular systems, and potentially in vivo.
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27
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Hoffman JF. Reflections on the crooked timber of red blood cell physiology. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2019; 79:102354. [PMID: 31449971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2019.102354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Hoffman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, United States.
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28
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Svetina S, Švelc Kebe T, Božič B. A Model of Piezo1-Based Regulation of Red Blood Cell Volume. Biophys J 2018; 116:151-164. [PMID: 30580922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A red blood cell (RBC) performs its function of adequately carrying respiratory gases in blood by its volume being ∼60% of that of a sphere with the same membrane area. For this purpose, human and most other vertebrate RBCs regulate their content of potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) ions. The focus considered here is on K+ efflux through calcium-ion (Ca2+)-activated Gárdos channels. These channels open under conditions that allow Ca2+ to enter RBCs through Piezo1 mechanosensitive cation-permeable channels. It is postulated that the fraction of open Piezo1 channels depends on the RBC shape as a result of the curvature-dependent Piezo1-bilayer membrane interaction. The consequences of this postulate are studied by introducing a simple model of RBC osmotic behavior supplemented by the dependence of RBC membrane K+ permeability on the reduced volume (i.e., the ratio of cell volume to its maximal possible volume) of RBC discoid shapes. It is assumed that because of its intrinsic curvature and strong interaction with the surrounding membrane, Piezo1 tends to concentrate in the dimple regions of these shapes, and the fraction of open Piezo1 channels depends on the membrane curvature in that region. It is shown that the properties of the described model can provide the basis for the formation of the negative feedback loop that interrelates cell volume and its content of potassium ions. The model predicts the relation, valid for each cell in an RBC population, between RBC volume and membrane area, thus explaining the large value of the measured membrane area versus the volume correlation coefficient. The mechanism proposed here for RBC volume regulation is in accord with the loss of this correlation in RBCs of Piezo1 knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Svetina
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Bojan Božič
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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29
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Kuchel PW, Kirk K, Shishmarev D. The NMR 'split peak effect' in cell suspensions: Historical perspective, explanation and applications. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 104:1-11. [PMID: 29405979 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical environment inside cells is distinctly different from that immediately outside. The selective exchange of ions, water and other molecules across the cell membrane, mediated by integral, membrane-embedded proteins is a hallmark of living systems. There are various methodologies available to measure the selectivity and rates (kinetics) of such exchange processes, including several that take advantage of the non-invasive nature of NMR spectroscopy. A number of solutes, including particular inorganic ions, show distinctive NMR behaviour, in which separate resonances arise from the intra- and extracellular solute populations, without the addition of shift reagents, differences in pH, or selective binding partners. This 'split peak effect/phenomenon', discovered in 1984, has become a valuable tool, used in many NMR studies of cellular behaviour and function. The explanation for the phenomenon, based on the differential hydrogen bonding of the reporter solutes to water, and the various ways in which this phenomenon has been used to investigate aspects of cellular biochemistry and physiology, are the topics of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Kuchel
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Kiaran Kirk
- Australian National University, Research School of Biology, College of Science, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Dmitry Shishmarev
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian National University, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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30
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Lew VL, Tiffert T. On the Mechanism of Human Red Blood Cell Longevity: Roles of Calcium, the Sodium Pump, PIEZO1, and Gardos Channels. Front Physiol 2017; 8:977. [PMID: 29311949 PMCID: PMC5732905 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a healthy adult, the transport of O2 and CO2 between lungs and tissues is performed by about 2 · 1013 red blood cells, of which around 1.7 · 1011 are renewed every day, a turnover resulting from an average circulatory lifespan of about 120 days. Cellular lifespan is the result of an evolutionary balance between the energy costs of maintaining cells in a fit functional state versus cell renewal. In this Review we examine how the set of passive and active membrane transporters of the mature red blood cells interact to maximize their circulatory longevity thus minimizing costs on expensive cell turnover. Red blood cell deformability is critical for optimal rheology and gas exchange functionality during capillary flow, best fulfilled when the volume of each human red blood cell is kept at a fraction of about 0.55-0.60 of the maximal spherical volume allowed by its membrane area, the optimal-volume-ratio range. The extent to which red blood cell volumes can be preserved within or near these narrow optimal-volume-ratio margins determines the potential for circulatory longevity. We show that the low cation permeability of red blood cells allows volume stability to be achieved with extraordinary cost-efficiency, favouring cell longevity over cell turnover. We suggest a mechanism by which the interplay of a declining sodium pump and two passive membrane transporters, the mechanosensitive PIEZO1 channel, a candidate mediator of Psickle in sickle cells, and the Ca2+-sensitive, K+-selective Gardos channel, can implement red blood cell volume stability around the optimal-volume-ratio range, as required for extended circulatory longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgilio L Lew
- Physiological Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Tiffert
- Physiological Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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