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Kong L, Sun P, Pan X, Xiao C, Song B, Song Z. Glycerol monolaurate regulates apoptosis and inflammation by suppressing lipopolysaccharide-induced ROS production and NF-κB activation in avian macrophages. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103870. [PMID: 38851181 PMCID: PMC11208948 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in both innate and adaptive immunity. However, their abnormal activation can lead to undesirable inflammatory reactions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of glycerol monolaurate (GML), a natural monoester known for its anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, on avian macrophages using the HD11 cell line. The results indicated that a concentration of 10 μg/mL of GML enhanced the phagocytic activity of HD11 cells (P < 0.05) without affecting cell viability (P > 0.05). GML decreased the expression of M1 macrophage polarization markers, such as CD86 and TNF-α genes (P < 0.05), while increasing the expression of M2 macrophage polarization markers, such as TGF-β1 and IL-10 genes (P < 0.05). GML suppressed ROS production, apoptosis, and the expression of proinflammatory genes (IL-1β and IL-6) induced by LPS (P < 0.05). GML also promoted the expression of TGF-β1 and IL-10 (P < 0.05), both in the presence and absence of LPS exposure. Moreover, GML suppressed the gene expression of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 induced by LPS (P < 0.05), as well as the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, GML exhibited regulatory effects on the polarized state of avian macrophages and demonstrated significant anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing intracellular ROS and the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglian Kong
- Office of Assessment, Jining Polytechnic, Jining, Shandong 272037, China; Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Xue Pan
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chuanpi Xiao
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Bochen Song
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
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2
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Lyu Z, Chan YT, Lu Y, Fung Lam T, Wu X, Wu J, Xu L, Yang W, Zhang C, Lidan Zhong L, Wang N. Osteoprotegerin mediates adipogenesis in obesity. J Adv Res 2024; 62:245-255. [PMID: 38906326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adipogenesis, the process of white adipose tissue expansion, plays a critical role in the development of obesity. Osteoprotegerin (OPG), known for its role in bone metabolism regulation, emerges as a potential regulator in mediating adipogenesis during obesity onset. OBJECTIVES This study aims to elucidate the involvement of OPG in adipogenesis during the early phases of diet-induced obesity and explore its therapeutic potential in obesity management. METHODS Using a diet-induced obesity model, we investigated OPG expression patterns in adipocytes and explored the mechanisms underlying its involvement in adipogenesis. We also assessed the effects of targeted silencing of OPG and recombinant OPG administration on obesity progression and insulin resistance. Additionally, the impact of electroacupuncture treatment on OPG levels and obesity management was evaluated in both animal models and human participants. RESULTS OPG expression was prominently activated in adipocytes of white adipose tissues during the early phase of diet-induced obesity. Hyperlipidemia induced Cbfa1-dependent OPG transcription, initiating and promoting adipogenesis, leading to cell-size expansion and lipid storage. Intracellular OPG physically bound to RAR and released the PPARɤ/RXR complex, activating adipogenesis-associated gene expression. Targeted silencing of OPG suppressed obesity development, while recombinant OPG administration promoted disease progression and insulin resistance in obese mice. Electroacupuncture treatment suppressed obesity development in an OPG-dependent manner and improved obesity parameters in obese human participants. CONCLUSION OPG emerges as a key regulator in mediating adipogenesis during obesity development. Targeting OPG holds promise for the prevention and treatment of obesity, as evidenced by the efficacy of electroacupuncture treatment in modulating OPG levels and managing obesity-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipan Lyu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yau-Tuen Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanjun Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tsz Fung Lam
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xingyao Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linda Lidan Zhong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Peng C, Chen J, Wu R, Jiang H, Li J. Unraveling the complex roles of macrophages in obese adipose tissue: an overview. Front Med 2024; 18:205-236. [PMID: 38165533 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages, a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells, exhibit remarkable plasticity and play pivotal roles in coordinating immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis within the context of metabolic diseases. The activation of inflammatory macrophages in obese adipose tissue leads to detrimental effects, inducing insulin resistance through increased inflammation, impaired thermogenesis, and adipose tissue fibrosis. Meanwhile, adipose tissue macrophages also play a beneficial role in maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis by regulating angiogenesis, facilitating the clearance of dead adipocytes, and promoting mitochondrial transfer. Exploring the heterogeneity of macrophages in obese adipose tissue is crucial for unraveling the pathogenesis of obesity and holds significant potential for targeted therapeutic interventions. Recently, the dual effects and some potential regulatory mechanisms of macrophages in adipose tissue have been elucidated using single-cell technology. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the intricate activation mechanisms and diverse functions of macrophages in adipose tissue during obesity, as well as explore the potential of drug delivery systems targeting macrophages, aiming to enhance the understanding of current regulatory mechanisms that may be potentially targeted for treating obesity or metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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4
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Wang A, Li Z, Sun Z, Zhang D, Ma X. Gut-derived short-chain fatty acids bridge cardiac and systemic metabolism and immunity in heart failure. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 120:109370. [PMID: 37245797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) represents a group of complex clinical syndromes with high morbidity and mortality and has a significant global health burden. Inflammation and metabolic disorders are closely related to the development of HF, which are complex and depend on the severity and type of HF and common metabolic comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes. An increasing body of evidence indicates the importance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in regulating cardiac function. In addition, SCFAs represent a unique class of metabolites and play a distinct role in shaping systemic immunity and metabolism. In this review, we reveal the role of SCFAs as a link between metabolism and immunity, which regulate cardiac and systemic immune and metabolic systems by acting as energy substrates, inhibiting the expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) regulated genes and activating G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signaling. Ultimately cardiac efficiency is improved, cardiac inflammation alleviated and cardiac function in failing hearts enhanced. In conclusion, SCFAs represent a new therapeutic approach for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhendong Li
- Qingdao West Coast New Area People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhuo Sun
- Qingdao West Coast New Area People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Dawu Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochang Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China.
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5
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV, Bradu P, Biswas A, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, El Allali A, Alsamman AM, Zayed H, George Priya Doss C. Evolving strategies and application of proteins and peptide therapeutics in cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114832. [PMID: 37150032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several proteins and peptides have therapeutic potential and can be used for cancer therapy. By binding to cell surface receptors and other indicators uniquely linked with or overexpressed on tumors compared to healthy tissue, protein biologics enhance the active targeting of cancer cells, as opposed to the passive targeting of cells by conventional small-molecule chemotherapeutics. This study focuses on peptide medications that exist to slow or stop tumor growth and the spread of cancer, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of peptides in cancer treatment. As an alternative to standard chemotherapy, peptides that selectively kill cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue are developing. A mountain of clinical evidence supports the efficacy of peptide-based cancer vaccines. Since a single treatment technique may not be sufficient to produce favourable results in the fight against cancer, combination therapy is emerging as an effective option to generate synergistic benefits. One example of this new area is the use of anticancer peptides in combination with nonpeptidic cytotoxic drugs or the combination of immunotherapy with conventional therapies like radiation and chemotherapy. This review focuses on the different natural and synthetic peptides obtained and researched. Discoveries, manufacture, and modifications of peptide drugs, as well as their contemporary applications, are summarized in this review. We also discuss the benefits and difficulties of potential advances in therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Pragya Bradu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Antara Biswas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Achraf El Allali
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Alsamman M Alsamman
- Department of Genome Mapping, Molecular Genetics, and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Xu R, Dai Y, Zheng X, Yan Y, He Z, Zhang H, Li H, Chen W. Thromboxane A 2-TP axis promotes adipose tissue macrophages M1 polarization leading to insulin resistance in obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 210:115465. [PMID: 36849064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant arachidonic acid metabolism has been implicated in multiple pathophysiological conditions, and the downstream prostanoids levels are associated with adipocyte dysfunction in obesity. However, the role of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in obesity remains unclear. We observed that TXA2, through its receptor TP, is a candidate mediator in obesity and metabolic disorders. Obese mice with upregulated TXA2 biosynthesis (TBXAS1) and TXA2 receptor (TP) expression in caused insulin resistance and macrophage M1 polarization in white adipose tissue (WAT), which can be prevented by treatment with aspirin. Mechanistically, the activation of TXA2-TP signaling axis leads to accumulation of protein kinase Cɛ (PKCɛ), thereby enhancing free fat acid (FFA) induced Toll-like receptor4 (TLR4) proinflammatory macrophage activation and the tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) production in adipose tissues. Importantly, TP knockout mice reduced the accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages and adipocyte hypertrophy in WAT. Thus, our findings demonstrate that TXA2-TP axis plays a crucial role in obesity-induced adipose macrophage dysfunction, and rational targeting TXA2 pathway may improve obesity and its associated metabolic disorders in future. In this work, we establish previously unknown role of TXA2-TP axis in WAT. These findings might provide new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of insulin resistance, and indicate rational targeting TXA2 pathway to improve obesity and its associated metabolic disorders in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yufeng Dai
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yongheng Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhao He
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Wenhua West Rd. Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haitao Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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7
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Bian Y, Li W, Jiang X, Yin F, Yin L, Zhang Y, Guo H, Liu J. Garlic-derived exosomes carrying miR-396e shapes macrophage metabolic reprograming to mitigate the inflammatory response in obese adipose tissue. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 113:109249. [PMID: 36496060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade chronic inflammation originating from the adipose tissue and imbalance of lipid metabolism in the liver are the main drivers of the development of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In this work, we found that garlic-derived exosomes (GDE) supplementation improved insulin resistance, altered the levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) by decreasing the accumulation of macrophages in HFD-fed mice. Meanwhile, we also observed that GDE regulated the expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), one of the critical glycolytic enzymes, to shape the metabolic reprograming of macrophage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mitigate the inflammatory response in adipocytes via macrophage-adipocyte cross-talk. Data from small RNA sequencing, bioinformatical analysis and the gene over-expression revealed that miR-396e, one of the most abundant miRNAs of GDE, played a critical role in promoting the metabolic reprogramming of macrophage by directly targeting PFKFB3. The findings of this study not only provide an in-depth understanding of GDE protecting against inflammation in obesity but supply evidence to study the molecular mechanisms associated with the interspecies communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangping Bian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhao Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonglan Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing General Hospital, University of Chinese Academic of Sciences, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China; College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Mussbacher M, Derler M, Basílio J, Schmid JA. NF-κB in monocytes and macrophages - an inflammatory master regulator in multitalented immune cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1134661. [PMID: 36911661 PMCID: PMC9995663 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1134661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a dimeric transcription factor constituted by two of five protein family members. It plays an essential role in inflammation and immunity by regulating the expression of numerous chemokines, cytokines, transcription factors, and regulatory proteins. Since NF-κB is expressed in almost all human cells, it is important to understand its cell type-, tissue-, and stimulus-specific roles as well as its temporal dynamics and disease-specific context. Although NF-κB was discovered more than 35 years ago, many questions are still unanswered, and with the availability of novel technologies such as single-cell sequencing and cell fate-mapping, new fascinating questions arose. In this review, we will summarize current findings on the role of NF-κB in monocytes and macrophages. These innate immune cells show high plasticity and dynamically adjust their effector functions against invading pathogens and environmental cues. Their versatile functions can range from antimicrobial defense and antitumor immune responses to foam cell formation and wound healing. NF-κB is crucial for their activation and balances their phenotypes by finely coordinating transcriptional and epigenomic programs. Thereby, NF-κB is critically involved in inflammasome activation, cytokine release, and cell survival. Macrophage-specific NF-κB activation has far-reaching implications in the development and progression of numerous inflammatory diseases. Moreover, recent findings highlighted the temporal dynamics of myeloid NF-κB activation and underlined the complexity of this inflammatory master regulator. This review will provide an overview of the complex roles of NF-κB in macrophage signal transduction, polarization, inflammasome activation, and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Mussbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Derler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - José Basílio
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- INESC ID–Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores, Investigação e Desenvolvimento em Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Johannes A. Schmid
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Huang YC, Combs GF, Wu TL, Zeng H, Cheng WH. Selenium status and type 2 diabetes risk. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109400. [PMID: 36122760 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Optimal selenium (Se) status is necessary for overall health. That status can be affected by food intake pattern, age, sex, and health status. At nutritional levels of intake, Se functions metabolically as an essential constituent of some two dozen selenoproteins, most, if not all, of which have redox functions. Insufficient dietary intake of Se reduces, to varying degrees, the expression of these selenoproteins. Recent clinical and animal studies have indicated that both insufficient and excessive Se intakes may increase risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), perhaps by way of selenoprotein actions. In this review, we discuss the current evidence linking Se status and T2D risk, and the roles of 14 selenoproteins and other proteins involved in selenoprotein biosynthesis. Understanding such results can inform the setting of safe and adequate Se intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chen Huang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Gerald F Combs
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tung-Lung Wu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Huawei Zeng
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA.
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10
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Espinosa De Ycaza AE, Søndergaard E, Morgan-Bathke M, Lytle K, Delivanis DA, Ramos P, Carranza Leon BG, Jensen MD. Adipose Tissue Inflammation Is Not Related to Adipose Insulin Resistance in Humans. Diabetes 2022; 71:381-393. [PMID: 34857544 PMCID: PMC8893944 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in AT function in humans is unclear. We tested whether AT macrophage (ATM) content, cytokine gene expression, and senescent cell burden (markers of AT inflammation) predict AT insulin resistance measured as the insulin concentration that suppresses lipolysis by 50% (IC50). We studied 86 volunteers with normal weight or obesity at baseline and a subgroup of 25 volunteers with obesity before and after weight loss. There was a strong positive relationship between IC50 and abdominal subcutaneous and femoral fat cell size (FCS). The positive, univariate relationships between IC50 and abdominal AT inflammatory markers CD68, CD14, CD206 ATM/100 adipocytes, senescent cells, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA were not significant after adjustment for FCS. A 10% weight loss significantly reduced IC50; however, there was no reduction in adipose ATM content, senescent cells, or cytokine gene expression. Our study suggests that commonly used markers of AT inflammation are not causally linked to AT insulin resistance, whereas FCS is a strong predictor of AT insulin resistance with respect to lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Espinosa De Ycaza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Panamanian Institute of Biological Research, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Morgan-Bathke
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Viterbo University, La Crosse, WI
| | - Kelli Lytle
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Paola Ramos
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Barbara Gisella Carranza Leon
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael D. Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Corresponding author: Michael D. Jensen,
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11
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Zhang Y, He L, Chen X, Shentu P, Xu Y, Jiao J. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote SNAREs mediated GLUT4 vesicle docking and fusion. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 101:108912. [PMID: 34801692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis imbalance and insulin resistance (IR) are major contributors to the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are key ingredients for maintaining cellular functions and improving insulin sensitivity. However, how omega-3 PUFAs modulate the dynamic process of glucose transport at the cellular level remains unclear. Here we unraveled eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may regulate the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) vesicle trafficking in both normal and IR adipocytes. Both omega-3 PUFAs significantly increase glucose consumption within a range of 10-32% in the basal state. Furthermore, both EPA (200 μM) and DHA (100 μM) may significantly promote the serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) phosphorylation by 70% and 40% in the physiological state of adipocytes, respectively. Both omega-3 PUFAs significantly advanced the Akt phosphorylation in a dose-dependent way and showed a ∼2-fold increase at the dose of 200 μM in the IR pathological state. However, they could not up-regulate the expression of GLUT4 and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase protein. We further revealed that both omega-3 PUFAs dynamically promote insulin-stimulated GLUT4 vesicle translocation and soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor mediated vesicle docking and fusion to the plasma membrane via specifically modulating the expression of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2. Understanding the mechanisms by which omega-3 PUFAs modulate cellular metabolism and IR in peripheral tissues may provide novel insights into the potential impact of omega-3 PUFAs on the metabolic function and the management of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lilin He
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Shentu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingke Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Roles of the Immune/Methylation/Autophagy Landscape on Single-Cell Genotypes and Stroke Risk in Breast Cancer Microenvironment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5633514. [PMID: 34457116 PMCID: PMC8397558 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5633514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to perform integrative analysis of the immune/methylation/autophagy landscape on breast cancer prognosis and single-cell genotypes. Breast Cancer Recurrence Risk Score (BCRRS) and Breast Cancer Prognostic Risk Score (BCPRS) were determined based on 6 prognostic IMAAGs obtained from the TCGA-BRCA cohort. BCRRS and BCPRS, respectively, were used to construct a risk prediction model of overall survival and progression-free survival. Predictive capacity of the model was evaluated using clinical data. Analysis showed that BCRRS is associated with a high risk of stroke. In addition, PPI and drug-ceRNA networks based on differences in BCPRS were constructed. Single cells were genotyped through integrated scRNA-seq of the TNBC samples based on clustering results of BCPRS-related genes. The findings of this study show the potential regulatory effects of IMAAGs on breast cancer tumor microenvironment. High AUCs of 0.856 and 0.842 were obtained for the OS and PFS prognostic models, respectively. scRNA-seq analysis showed high expression levels of adipocytes and adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in high BCPRS clusters. Moreover, analysis of ligand-receptor interactions and potential regulatory mechanisms were performed. The LINC00276&MALAT1/miR-206/FZD4-Wnt7b pathway was also identified which may be useful in future research on targets against breast cancer metastasis and recurrence. Neural network-based deep learning models using BCPRS-related genes showed that these genes can be used to map the tumor microenvironment. In summary, analysis of IMAAGs, BCPRS, and BCRRS provides information on the breast cancer microenvironment at both the macro- and microlevels and provides a basis for development of personalized treatment therapy.
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13
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Zhang C, Wang N, Xu Y, Tan H, Feng Y. Identification of Key Contributive Compounds in a Herbal Medicine: A Novel Mathematic—Biological Evaluation Approach. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong 1/F, 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong 1/F, 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Yu Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong 1/F, 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Hor‐Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong 1/F, 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong 1/F, 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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14
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Huang YC, Wu TL, Zeng H, Cheng WH. Dietary Selenium Requirement for the Prevention of Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance in Middle-Aged Mice. J Nutr 2021; 151:1894-1900. [PMID: 33830273 PMCID: PMC8502482 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although dietary selenium (Se) deficiency or excess induces type 2 diabetes-like symptoms in mice, suboptimal body Se status usually causes no symptoms but may promote age-related decline in overall health. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the dietary Se requirement for protection against type 2 diabetes-like symptoms in mice. METHODS Thirty mature (aged 4 mo) male C57BL/6J mice were fed a Se-deficient torula yeast AIN-93M diet supplemented with Na2SeO4 in graded concentrations totaling 0.01 (basal), 0.04, 0.07, 0.10, and 0.13 (control) mg Se/kg for 4 mo (n = 6) until they were middle-aged (8 mo). Droplets of whole blood were used to determine glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in the mice from ages 5 to 8 mo. Postmortem serum, liver, and skeletal muscle were collected to assay for selenoprotein expression and markers of glucose metabolism. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANCOVA with or without random effects for time-repeated measurements using live mice or postmortem samples, respectively. RESULTS Compared with control, the consumption of basal diet increased (P < 0.05) fasting serum insulin (95% CI: 52%, 182%) and leptin (95% CI: 103%, 118%) concentrations in middle-aged mice. Dietary Se insufficiency decreased (P < 0.05) 1) glucose tolerance (13-79%) and insulin sensitivity (15-65%) at ≤0.10 mg Se/kg; 2) baseline thymoma viral proto-oncogene phosphorylation on S473 (27-54%) and T308 (22-46%) at ≤0.10 and ≤0.07 mg Se/kg, respectively, in the muscle but not the liver; and 3) serum glutathione peroxidase 3 (51-83%), liver and muscle glutathione peroxidase 1 (32-84%), serum and liver selenoprotein P (28-42%), and liver and muscle selenoprotein H (39-48%) and selenoprotein W (16-73%) protein concentrations at ≤0.04, ≤0.10, ≤0.07, and ≤0.10 mg Se/kg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Mice fed diets containing ≤0.10 mg Se/kg display impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, suggesting increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes by suboptimal Se status at levels ≤23% of nutritional needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chen Huang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Tung-Lung Wu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Huawei Zeng
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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15
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Xiao H, Guo Y, Li B, Li X, Wang Y, Han S, Cheng D, Shuai X. M2-Like Tumor-Associated Macrophage-Targeted Codelivery of STAT6 Inhibitor and IKKβ siRNA Induces M2-to-M1 Repolarization for Cancer Immunotherapy with Low Immune Side Effects. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1208-1222. [PMID: 32724855 PMCID: PMC7379385 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) usually display the tumor-promoting M2 phenotype rather than the tumoricidal M1 phenotype. Thus, M2-to-M1 repolarization of TAMs has emerged as a promising strategy for tumor immunotherapy nowadays. However, immune side effects remain a great challenge, because phenotypic conversion of macrophages into the proinflammatory M1 phenotype may also be induced in normal tissue. Here, aiming at repolarizing TAMs without altering the M1/M2 polarization balance in healthy organs, we develop a micellar nanodrug with M2-targeting peptides (M2peptide) hidden in the pH-sheddable PEG corona so that an active targeting of M2-like macrophages is triggered only in the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). The smart nanodrug effectively functions M2-to-M1 repolarization via M2-targeted codelivery of IKKβ siRNA and STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499 (AS), which suppresses the tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, immune side effects are reduced because the neutral-pH environment in healthy organs does not trigger a "stealth-to-nonstealth" conversion of the nanodrug essential for M2-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department
of Oncology and General Surgery, The First
Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo Li
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shisong Han
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Du Cheng
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- E-mail:
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16
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Selenium and Selenoproteins in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040658. [PMID: 32344656 PMCID: PMC7225961 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) homeostasis is tightly related to carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, but its possible roles in obesity development and in adipocyte metabolism are unclear. The objective of the present study is to review the current data on Se status in obesity and to discuss the interference between Se and selenoprotein metabolism in adipocyte physiology and obesity pathogenesis. The overview and meta-analysis of the studies on blood Se and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) levels, as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in obese subjects, have yielded heterogenous and even conflicting results. Laboratory studies demonstrate that Se may modulate preadipocyte proliferation and adipogenic differentiation, and also interfere with insulin signaling, and regulate lipolysis. Knockout models have demonstrated that the selenoprotein machinery, including endoplasmic reticulum-resident selenoproteins together with GPXs and thioredoxin reductases (TXNRDs), are tightly related to adipocyte development and functioning. In conclusion, Se and selenoproteins appear to play an essential role in adipose tissue physiology, although human data are inconsistent. Taken together, these findings do not support the utility of Se supplementation to prevent or alleviate obesity in humans. Further human and laboratory studies are required to elucidate associations between Se metabolism and obesity.
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