1
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Soranzio D, Puntel D, Tuniz M, Majchrzak PE, Milloch A, Olsen NM, Bronsch W, Jessen BS, Fainozzi D, Pelli Cresi JS, De Angelis D, Foglia L, Mincigrucci R, Zhu X, Dean CR, Ulstrup S, Banfi F, Giannetti C, Parmigiani F, Bencivenga F, Cilento F. Impact of MoS 2 Monolayers on the Thermoelastic Response of Silicon Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2024; 7:15317-15324. [PMID: 39022450 PMCID: PMC11249974 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.4c02096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the thermoelastic response of a nanostructure is crucial for the choice of materials and interfaces in electronic devices with improved and tailored transport properties at the nanoscale. Here, we show how the deposition of a MoS2 monolayer can strongly modify the nanoscale thermoelastic dynamics of silicon substrates close to their interface. We demonstrate this by creating a transient grating with extreme ultraviolet light, using ultrashort free-electron laser pulses, whose ≈84 nm period is comparable to the size of elements typically used in nanodevices, such as electric contacts and nanowires. The thermoelastic response, featuring coherent acoustic waves and incoherent relaxation, is tangibly modified by the presence of monolayer MoS2. Namely, we observed a major reduction of the amplitude of the surface mode, which is almost suppressed, while the longitudinal mode is basically unperturbed, aside from a faster decay of the acoustic modulations. We interpret this behavior as a selective modification of the surface elasticity, and we discuss the conditions to observe such effect, which may be of immediate relevance for the design of Si-based nanoscale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Soranzio
- Institute
for Quantum Electronics, Eidgenössische
Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denny Puntel
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università degli Studi
di Trieste, IT-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuel Tuniz
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Università degli Studi
di Trieste, IT-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paulina E. Majchrzak
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Alessandra Milloch
- Department
of Mathematics and Physics, Università
Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, IT-25133 Brescia, Italy
- ILAMP
(Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, IT-25133 Brescia, Italy
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas M. Olsen
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York NY-10027, United
States
| | - Wibke Bronsch
- Elettra—Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, IT-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Bjarke S. Jessen
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Danny Fainozzi
- Elettra—Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, IT-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jacopo S. Pelli Cresi
- Elettra—Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, IT-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dario De Angelis
- Elettra—Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, IT-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra—Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, IT-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mincigrucci
- Elettra—Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, IT-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York NY-10027, United
States
| | - Cory R. Dean
- Department
of Physics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Søren Ulstrup
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Francesco Banfi
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard
Lyon 1, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Claudio Giannetti
- Department
of Mathematics and Physics, Università
Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, IT-25133 Brescia, Italy
- ILAMP
(Interdisciplinary Laboratories for Advanced Materials Physics), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, IT-25133 Brescia, Italy
- CNR-INO (National
Institute of Optics), IT-25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Fulvio Parmigiani
- Elettra—Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, IT-34149 Trieste, Italy
- International Faculty, University of Cologne, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, D-50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Filippo Bencivenga
- Elettra—Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, IT-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Cilento
- Elettra—Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, IT-34149 Trieste, Italy
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2
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Steinbach F, Atxitia U, Yao K, Borchert M, Engel D, Bencivenga F, Foglia L, Mincigrucci R, Pedersoli E, De Angelis D, Pancaldi M, Fainozzi D, Pelli Cresi JS, Paltanin E, Capotondi F, Masciovecchio C, Eisebitt S, von Korff Schmising C. Exploring the Fundamental Spatial Limits of Magnetic All-Optical Switching. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6865-6871. [PMID: 38809171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
All-optical switching (AOS) results in ultrafast and deterministic magnetization reversal upon single laser pulse excitation, potentially supporting faster and more energy-efficient data storage. To explore the fundamental limits of achievable bit densities in AOS, we have used soft X-ray transient grating spectroscopy to study the ultrafast magnetic response of a GdFe alloy after a spatially structured excitation with a periodicity of 17 nm. The ultrafast spatial evolution of the magnetization in combination with atomistic spin dynamics and microscopic temperature model calculations allows us to derive a detailed phase diagram of AOS as a function of both the absorbed energy density and the nanoscale excitation period. Our results suggest that the minimum size for AOS in GdFe alloys, induced by a nanoscale periodic excitation, is around 25 nm and that this limit is governed by ultrafast lateral electron diffusion and by the threshold for optical damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Steinbach
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Unai Atxitia
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Kelvin Yao
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Borchert
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Engel
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Dario De Angelis
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Pancaldi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Danny Fainozzi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Ettore Paltanin
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Capotondi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Stefan Eisebitt
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens von Korff Schmising
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Li C, Chigarev N, Thréard T, Zhang K, Delorme N, Tournat V, Raetz S, Lu H, Gusev VE. Optically Controlled Nano-Transducers Based on Cleaved Superlattices for Monitoring Gigahertz Surface Acoustic Vibrations. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9331-9343. [PMID: 38498702 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) convey energy at subwavelength depths along surfaces. Using interdigital transducers (IDTs) and opto-acousto-optic transducers (OAOTs), researchers have harnessed coherent SAWs with nanosecond periods and micrometer localization depth for various applications. These applications include the sensing of small amount of materials deposited on surfaces, assessing surface roughness and defects, signal processing, light manipulation, charge carrier and exciton transportation, and the study of fundamental interactions with thermal phonons, photons, magnons, and more. However, the utilization of cutting-edge OAOTs produced through surface nanopatterning techniques has set the upper limit for coherent SAW frequencies below 100 GHz, constrained by factors such as the quality and pitch of the surface nanopattern, not to mention the electronic bandwidth limitations of the IDTs. In this context, unconventional optically controlled nanotransducers based on cleaved superlattices (SLs) are here presented as an alternative solution. To demonstrate their viability, we conducted proof-of-concept experiments using ultrafast lasers in a pump-probe configuration on SLs made of alternating AlxGa1-xAs and AlyGa1-yAs layers with approximately 70 nm periodicity and cleaved along their growth direction to produce a periodic nanostructured surface. The acoustic vibrations, generated and detected by laser beams incident on the cleaved surface, span a range from 40 to 70 GHz, corresponding to the generalized surface Rayleigh mode and bulk modes within the dispersion relation. This exploration shows that, in addition to SAWs, cleaved SLs offer the potential to observe surface-skimming longitudinal and transverse acoustic waves at GHz frequencies. This proof-of-concept demonstration below 100 GHz in nanoacoustics using such an unconventional platform might be useful for realizing sub-THz to THz coherent surface acoustic vibrations in the future, as SLs can be epitaxially grown with atomic-scale layer width and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxiu Li
- Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d'Acoustique - Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Nikolay Chigarev
- Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d'Acoustique - Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Théo Thréard
- Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d'Acoustique - Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Kedong Zhang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Nicolas Delorme
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), UMR 6283 CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Vincent Tournat
- Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d'Acoustique - Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Samuel Raetz
- Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d'Acoustique - Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Hong Lu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Vitalyi E Gusev
- Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d'Acoustique - Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
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4
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Ukleev V, Leroy L, Mincigrucci R, De Angelis D, Fainozzi D, Khatu NN, Paltanin E, Foglia L, Bencivenga F, Luo C, Ruske F, Radu F, Svetina C, Staub U. Transient grating spectroscopy on a DyCo 5 thin film with femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:025101. [PMID: 38476300 PMCID: PMC10929737 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are excited by femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (EUV) transient gratings (TGs) in a room-temperature ferrimagnetic DyCo5 alloy. TGs are generated by crossing a pair of EUV pulses from a free electron laser with the wavelength of 20.8 nm matching the Co M-edge, resulting in a SAW wavelength of Λ = 44 nm. Using the pump-probe transient grating scheme in reflection geometry, the excited SAWs could be followed in the time range of -10 to 100 ps in the thin film. Coherent generation of TGs by ultrafast EUV pulses allows to excite SAW in any material and to investigate their couplings to other dynamics, such as spin waves and orbital dynamics. In contrast, we encountered challenges in detecting electronic and magnetic signals, potentially due to the dominance of the larger SAW signal and the weakened reflection signal from underlying layers. A potential solution for the latter challenge involves employing soft x-ray probes, albeit introducing additional complexities associated with the required grazing incidence geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Ukleev
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ludmila Leroy
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Dario De Angelis
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Danny Fainozzi
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Ettore Paltanin
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Chen Luo
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Ruske
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Florin Radu
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Urs Staub
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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5
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Hadi M, Luo H, Pailhès S, Tanguy A, Gravouil A, Capotondi F, De Angelis D, Fainozzi D, Foglia L, Mincigrucci R, Paltanin E, Pedersoli E, Pelli-Cresi JS, Bencivenga F, Giordano VM. The effect of echoes interference on phonon attenuation in a nanophononic membrane. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1317. [PMID: 38351136 PMCID: PMC10864405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanophononic materials are characterized by a periodic nanostructuration, which may lead to coherent scattering of phonons, enabling interference and resulting in modified phonon dispersions. We have used the extreme ultraviolet transient grating technique to measure phonon frequencies and lifetimes in a low-roughness nanoporous phononic membrane of SiN at wavelengths between 50 and 100 nm, comparable to the nanostructure lengthscale. Surprisingly, phonon frequencies are only slightly modified upon nanostructuration, while phonon lifetime is strongly reduced. Finite element calculations indicate that this is due to coherent phonon interference, which becomes dominant for wavelengths between ~ half and twice the inter-pores distance. Despite this, vibrational energy transport is ensured through an energy flow among the coherent modes created by reflections. This interference of phonon echos from periodic interfaces is likely another aspect of the mutual coherence effects recently highlighted in amorphous and complex crystalline materials and, in this context, could be used to tailor transport properties of nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Haoming Luo
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
- LaMCos, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5259, Université de Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- LMS, CNRS, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Pailhès
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Anne Tanguy
- LaMCos, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5259, Université de Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Anthony Gravouil
- LaMCos, INSA-Lyon, CNRS UMR5259, Université de Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Flavio Capotondi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dario De Angelis
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Danny Fainozzi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mincigrucci
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ettore Paltanin
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pedersoli
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jacopo S Pelli-Cresi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Bencivenga
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.c.P.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, AREA Science Park, I-34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valentina M Giordano
- University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France.
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6
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Fainozzi D, Foglia L, Khatu NN, Masciovecchio C, Mincigrucci R, Paltanin E, Bencivenga F. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in the Time Domain at 1 nm^{-1} Wave Vector. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:033802. [PMID: 38307074 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.033802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
We used extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulses to create transient gratings (TGs) with sub-100 nm spatial periodicity in a β-Ga_{2}O_{3} single crystal. The EUV TG launches acoustic modes parallel to the sample surface, whose dynamics were revealed via backward diffraction of a third, time-delayed, EUV pulse. In addition, the sharp penetration depth of EUV light launches acoustic modes along the surface normal with a broad wave vector spectrum. The dynamics of selected modes at a wave vector tangibly larger (≈1 nm^{-1}) than the TG one is detected in the time domain via the interference between the backward diffracted TG signal and the stimulated Brillouin backscattering of the EUV probe. While stimulated Brillouin backscattering of an optical probe was reported in previous EUV TG experiments, its extension to shorter wavelengths can be used as a contactless experimental tool for filling the gap between the wave vector range accessible by inelastic hard x-ray and thermal neutron scattering techniques, and the one accessible through Brillouin scattering of visible and UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Fainozzi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nupur N Khatu
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Claudio Masciovecchio
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mincigrucci
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Ettore Paltanin
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Filippo Bencivenga
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, SS 14 km 163,5 in AREA Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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7
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Cho MH, Kang T, Yang H, Kim G, Kwon SH, Moon KJ, Nam I, Min CK, Heo H, Kim C, Kang HS, Shim CH. Generation of time-synchronized two-color X-ray free-electron laser pulses using phase shifters. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13786. [PMID: 37612325 PMCID: PMC10447429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
To optimize the intensity of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), phase shifters, oriented in phase with the phases of the XFEL pulse and electron beam, are typically installed at undulator lines. Although a π-offset between the phases (i.e., an "out-of-phase" configuration) can suppress the XFEL intensity at resonant frequencies, it can also generate a side-band spectrum, which results in a two-color XFEL pulse; the dynamics of such a pulse can be described using the spontaneous radiation or low gain theory. This attributes of this two-color XFEL pulse can be amplified (log-scale amplification) through an undulator line with out-of-phase phase shifters. In this study, the features of two-color XFEL pulses were evaluated through theory, simulations and experiments performed at Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser. The XFEL gain slope and energy separation between the two-color spectral peaks were consistent through theoretical expectation, and the results of simulation and experiment. The experimentally determined two-color XFEL pulse energy was 250 μJ at a photon energy of 12.38 keV with a separation of 60 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Hoon Cho
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea.
| | - Teyoun Kang
- Department of Physics and Earth Science, Korea Science Academy of KAIST, Busan, 47162, Korea
| | - Haeryong Yang
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Gyujin Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Seong-Hoon Kwon
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Kook-Jin Moon
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Inhyuk Nam
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Hoon Heo
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Changbum Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Heung-Sik Kang
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea
| | - Chi Hyun Shim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Korea.
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8
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Naumenko D, Burian M, Marmiroli B, Haider R, Radeticchio A, Wagner L, Piazza L, Glatt L, Brandstetter S, Dal Zilio S, Biasiol G, Amenitsch H. Implication of the double-gating mode in a hybrid photon counting detector for measurements of transient heat conduction in GaAs/AlAs superlattice structures. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:961-966. [PMID: 37555215 PMCID: PMC10405594 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723004302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding and control of thermal transport in solids at the nanoscale are crucial in engineering and enhance the properties of a new generation of optoelectronic, thermoelectric and photonic devices. In this regard, semiconductor superlattice structures provide a unique platform to study phenomena associated with phonon propagations in solids such as heat conduction. Transient X-ray diffraction can directly probe atomic motions and therefore is among the rare techniques sensitive to phonon dynamics in condensed matter. Here, optically induced transient heat conduction in GaAs/AlAs superlattice structures is studied using the EIGER2 detector. Benchmark experiments have been performed at the Austrian SAXS beamline at Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste operated in the hybrid filling mode. This work demonstrates that drifts of experimental conditions, such as synchrotron beam fluctuations, become less essential when utilizing the EIGER2 double-gating mode which results in a faster acquisition of high-quality data and facilitates data analysis and data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Naumenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Max Burian
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, Graz 8010, Austria
- DECTRIS Ltd, Taefernweg 1, Baden-Daettwil 5405, Switzerland
| | - Benedetta Marmiroli
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Richard Haider
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Andrea Radeticchio
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Lucas Wagner
- DECTRIS Ltd, Taefernweg 1, Baden-Daettwil 5405, Switzerland
| | - Luca Piazza
- DECTRIS Ltd, Taefernweg 1, Baden-Daettwil 5405, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Glatt
- DECTRIS Ltd, Taefernweg 1, Baden-Daettwil 5405, Switzerland
| | | | - Simone Dal Zilio
- CNR-IOM – Istituto Officina dei Materiali, SS 14, km 163.5, Basovizza (Trieste) 34149, Italy
| | - Giorgio Biasiol
- CNR-IOM – Istituto Officina dei Materiali, SS 14, km 163.5, Basovizza (Trieste) 34149, Italy
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9/IV, Graz 8010, Austria
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9
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Johnsen PC, Ryan SA, Gentry C, Grafov A, Kapteyn H, Murnane M. A beamline for ultrafast extreme ultraviolet magneto-optical spectroscopy in reflection near the shot noise limit. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:033001. [PMID: 37012828 DOI: 10.1063/5.0127119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) makes it possible to measure spin and charge dynamics in materials on femtosecond to attosecond timescales. However, the extreme nonlinear nature of the high harmonic process means that intensity fluctuations can limit measurement sensitivity. Here we present a noise-canceled, tabletop high harmonic beamline for time-resolved reflection mode spectroscopy of magnetic materials. We use a reference spectrometer to independently normalize the intensity fluctuations of each harmonic order and eliminate long term drift, allowing us to make spectroscopic measurements near the shot noise limit. These improvements allow us to significantly reduce the integration time required for high signal-to-noise (SNR) measurements of element-specific spin dynamics. Looking forward, improvements in the HHG flux, optical coatings, and grating design can further reduce the acquisition time for high SNR measurements by 1-2 orders of magnitude, enabling dramatically improved sensitivity to spin, charge, and phonon dynamics in magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Johnsen
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Sinéad A Ryan
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Christian Gentry
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Anya Grafov
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Henry Kapteyn
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - Margaret Murnane
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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10
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Foglia L, Mincigrucci R, Maznev A, Baldi G, Capotondi F, Caporaletti F, Comin R, De Angelis D, Duncan R, Fainozzi D, Kurdi G, Li J, Martinelli A, Masciovecchio C, Monaco G, Milloch A, Nelson K, Occhialini C, Pancaldi M, Pedersoli E, Pelli-Cresi J, Simoncig A, Travasso F, Wehinger B, Zanatta M, Bencivenga F. Extreme ultraviolet transient gratings: A tool for nanoscale photoacoustics. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 29:100453. [PMID: 36718271 PMCID: PMC9883289 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Collective lattice dynamics determine essential aspects of condensed matter, such as elastic and thermal properties. These exhibit strong dependence on the length-scale, reflecting the marked wavevector dependence of lattice excitations. The extreme ultraviolet transient grating (EUV TG) approach has demonstrated the potential of accessing a wavevector range corresponding to the 10s of nm length-scale, representing a spatial scale of the highest relevance for fundamental physics and forefront technology, previously inaccessible by optical TG and other inelastic scattering methods. In this manuscript we report on the capabilities of this technique in the context of probing thermoelastic properties of matter, both in the bulk and at the surface, as well as discussing future developments and practical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Foglia
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - R. Mincigrucci
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - A.A. Maznev
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G. Baldi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Povo, Trento I-38123, Italy
| | - F. Capotondi
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F. Caporaletti
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R. Comin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D. De Angelis
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - R.A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D. Fainozzi
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - G. Kurdi
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - J. Li
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A. Martinelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - C. Masciovecchio
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - G. Monaco
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - A. Milloch
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia I-25133, Italy
| | - K.A. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C.A. Occhialini
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M. Pancaldi
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - E. Pedersoli
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - J.S. Pelli-Cresi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - A. Simoncig
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F. Travasso
- Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - B. Wehinger
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, 30172, 400 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - M. Zanatta
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Povo, Trento I-38123, Italy
| | - F. Bencivenga
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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11
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Huang S, Peng Z, Rui S, Zhang R, Wen RT, Cheng X, Guo L. Design and fabrication of diffraction grating with optimized efficiency for transient grating spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:125112. [PMID: 36586916 DOI: 10.1063/5.0116176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Transient grating spectroscopy (TGS) based on diffraction gratings is a powerful optical method for studying the transport of energy carriers such as phonons and electrons. The diffraction grating in a TGS system is a key component to form a large-area interference pattern, i.e., transient grating, and to study the mean free path distribution of energy carriers. In this work, a design method for polarization-insensitive diffraction gratings with periods in the range 2-50 µm for TGS by a combination of rigorous coupled wave analysis and genetic algorithm was discussed. The method was tested for pump/probe wavelength of 515/532 or 1030/808 nm. Each ±1st diffraction order carries 35%-40% of the incident energy and the diffraction efficiencies of the other orders are lower than 10%. The optimized diffraction gratings were fabricated by a combination of photolithography and inductively coupled plasma etching, with the processing parameters introduced in detail, and their optical characteristics were evaluated. Finally, as a demonstration, the diffraction gratings for 1030/808 nm were applied to TGS to study the thermal transport properties of Ge. This work provides a useful guide for future applications and the development of TGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Rui
- GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong 510725, People's Republic of China
| | - Renfu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Tao Wen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
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12
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Yao K, Steinbach F, Borchert M, Schick D, Engel D, Bencivenga F, Mincigrucci R, Foglia L, Pedersoli E, De Angelis D, Pancaldi M, Wehinger B, Capotondi F, Masciovecchio C, Eisebitt S, von Korff Schmising C. All-Optical Switching on the Nanometer Scale Excited and Probed with Femtosecond Extreme Ultraviolet Pulses. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4452-4458. [PMID: 35605204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast control of magnetization on the nanometer length scale, in particular all-optical switching, is key to putting ultrafast magnetism on the path toward future technological application in data storage technology. However, magnetization manipulation with light on this length scale is challenging due to the wavelength limitations of optical radiation. Here, we excite transient magnetic gratings in a GdFe alloy with a periodicity of 87 nm by the interference of two coherent femtosecond light pulses in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. The subsequent ultrafast evolution of the magnetization pattern is probed by diffraction of a third, time-delayed pulse tuned to the Gd N-edge at a wavelength of 8.3 nm. By examining the simultaneously recorded first and second order diffractions and by performing reference real-space measurements with a wide-field magneto-optical microscope with femtosecond time resolution, we can conclusively demonstrate the ultrafast emergence of all-optical switching on the nanometer length scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Yao
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Steinbach
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Borchert
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Schick
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Engel
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Filippo Bencivenga
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mincigrucci
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pedersoli
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dario De Angelis
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Pancaldi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Björn Wehinger
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Flavio Capotondi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Masciovecchio
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefan Eisebitt
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut fuer Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens von Korff Schmising
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Rottke H, Engel RY, Schick D, Schunck JO, Miedema PS, Borchert MC, Kuhlmann M, Ekanayake N, Dziarzhytski S, Brenner G, Eichmann U, von Korff Schmising C, Beye M, Eisebitt S. Probing electron and hole colocalization by resonant four-wave mixing spectroscopy in the extreme ultraviolet. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn5127. [PMID: 35594356 PMCID: PMC9122317 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn5127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extending nonlinear spectroscopic techniques into the x-ray domain promises unique insight into photoexcited charge dynamics, which are of fundamental and applied interest. We report on the observation of a third-order nonlinear process in lithium fluoride (LiF) at a free-electron laser. Exploring the yield of four-wave mixing (FWM) in resonance with transitions to strongly localized core exciton states versus delocalized Bloch states, we find resonant FWM to be a sensitive probe for the degree of charge localization: Substantial sum- and difference-frequency generation is observed exclusively when in a one- or three-photon resonance with a LiF core exciton, with a dipole forbidden transition affecting details of the nonlinear response. Our reflective geometry-based approach to detect FWM signals enables the study of a wide variety of condensed matter sample systems, provides atomic selectivity via resonant transitions, and can be easily scaled to shorter wavelengths at free-electron x-ray lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horst Rottke
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin Y. Engel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schick
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan O. Schunck
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Piter S. Miedema
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin C. Borchert
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marion Kuhlmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nagitha Ekanayake
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Günter Brenner
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Eichmann
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens von Korff Schmising
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Beye
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Eisebitt
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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14
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Krug B, Koukourakis N, Guck J, Czarske J. Nonlinear microscopy using impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering for high-speed elastography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:4748-4758. [PMID: 35209449 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impulsive stimulated Brillouin microscopy promises fast, non-contact measurements of the elastic properties of biological samples. The used pump-probe approach employs an ultra-short pulse laser and a cw laser to generate Brillouin signals. Modeling of the microscopy technique has already been carried out partially, but not for biomedical applications. The nonlinear relationship between pulse energy and Brillouin signal amplitude is proven with both simulations and experiments. Tayloring of the excitation parameters on the biologically relevant polyacrylamide hydrogels outline sub-ms temporal resolutions at a relative precision of <1%. Brillouin microscopy using the impulsive stimulated scattering therefore exhibits high potential for the measurements of viscoelastic properties of cells and tissues.
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15
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Beardo A, Knobloch JL, Sendra L, Bafaluy J, Frazer TD, Chao W, Hernandez-Charpak JN, Kapteyn HC, Abad B, Murnane MM, Alvarez FX, Camacho J. A General and Predictive Understanding of Thermal Transport from 1D- and 2D-Confined Nanostructures: Theory and Experiment. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13019-13030. [PMID: 34328719 PMCID: PMC8483436 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Heat management is crucial in the design of nanoscale devices as the operating temperature determines their efficiency and lifetime. Past experimental and theoretical works exploring nanoscale heat transport in semiconductors addressed known deviations from Fourier's law modeling by including effective parameters, such as a size-dependent thermal conductivity. However, recent experiments have qualitatively shown behavior that cannot be modeled in this way. Here, we combine advanced experiment and theory to show that the cooling of 1D- and 2D-confined nanoscale hot spots on silicon can be described using a general hydrodynamic heat transport model, contrary to previous understanding of heat flow in bulk silicon. We use a comprehensive set of extreme ultraviolet scatterometry measurements of nondiffusive transport from transiently heated nanolines and nanodots to validate and generalize our ab initio model, that does not need any geometry-dependent fitting parameters. This allows us to uncover the existence of two distinct time scales and heat transport mechanisms: an interface resistance regime that dominates on short time scales and a hydrodynamic-like phonon transport regime that dominates on longer time scales. Moreover, our model can predict the full thermomechanical response on nanometer length scales and picosecond time scales for arbitrary geometries, providing an advanced practical tool for thermal management of nanoscale technologies. Furthermore, we derive analytical expressions for the transport time scales, valid for a subset of geometries, supplying a route for optimizing heat dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Beardo
- Physics
Department, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Joshua L. Knobloch
- Department
of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Lluc Sendra
- Physics
Department, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Javier Bafaluy
- Physics
Department, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Travis D. Frazer
- Department
of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Weilun Chao
- Center
for X-Ray Optics, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jorge N. Hernandez-Charpak
- Department
of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Henry C. Kapteyn
- Department
of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Begoña Abad
- Department
of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Margaret M. Murnane
- Department
of Physics, JILA, and STROBE NSF Science & Technology Center, University of Colorado and NIST, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - F. Xavier Alvarez
- Physics
Department, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Juan Camacho
- Physics
Department, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia 08193, Spain
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16
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Imade Y, Gusev VE, Matsuda O, Tomoda M, Otsuka PH, Wright OB. Gigahertz Optomechanical Photon-Phonon Transduction between Nanostructure Lines. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6261-6267. [PMID: 34279964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-frequency surface phonons have a myriad of applications in telecommunications and sensing, but their generation and detection have often been limited to transducers occupying micron-scale regions because of the use of two-dimensional transducer arrays. Here, by means of transient reflection spectroscopy we experimentally demonstrate optically coupled nanolocalized gigahertz surface phonon transduction based on a gold nanowire emitter arranged parallel to linear gold nanorod receiver arrays, that is, quasi-one-dimensional emitter-receivers. We investigate the response up to 10 GHz of these individual optoacoustic and acousto-optic transducers, respectively, by exploiting plasmon-polariton longitudinal resonances of the nanorods. We also demonstrate how the surface phonon detection efficiency is highly dependent on the nanorod orientation with respect to the phonon wave vector, which constrains the symmetry of the detectable modes, and on the nanorod acoustic resonance spectrum. Applications include nanosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Imade
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Vitalyi E Gusev
- Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d'Acoustique-Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, France
| | - Osamu Matsuda
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Motonobu Tomoda
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Paul H Otsuka
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Oliver B Wright
- Division of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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17
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Ferrante C, Principi E, Marini A, Batignani G, Fumero G, Virga A, Foglia L, Mincigrucci R, Simoncig A, Spezzani C, Masciovecchio C, Scopigno T. Non-linear self-driven spectral tuning of Extreme Ultraviolet Femtosecond Pulses in monoatomic materials. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:92. [PMID: 33911069 PMCID: PMC8080687 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-action nonlinearity is a key aspect - either as a foundational element or a detrimental factor - of several optical spectroscopies and photonic devices. Supercontinuum generation, wavelength converters, and chirped pulse amplification are just a few examples. The recent advent of Free Electron Lasers (FEL) fostered building on nonlinearity to propose new concepts and extend optical wavelengths paradigms for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray regimes. No evidence for intrapulse dynamics, however, has been reported at such short wavelengths, where the light-matter interactions are ruled by the sharp absorption edges of core electrons. Here, we provide experimental evidence for self-phase modulation of femtosecond FEL pulses, which we exploit for fine self-driven spectral tunability by interaction with sub-micrometric foils of selected monoatomic materials. Moving the pulse wavelength across the absorption edge, the spectral profile changes from a non-linear spectral blue-shift to a red-shifted broadening. These findings are rationalized accounting for ultrafast ionization and delayed thermal response of highly excited electrons above and below threshold, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carino Ferrante
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
- Center for Life Nano Science @Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Roma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Principi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Marini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Batignani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fumero
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Virga
- Center for Life Nano Science @Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mincigrucci
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Simoncig
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Spezzani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Masciovecchio
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tullio Scopigno
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
- Center for Life Nano Science @Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Roma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
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18
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Ksenzov D, Maznev AA, Unikandanunni V, Bencivenga F, Capotondi F, Caretta A, Foglia L, Malvestuto M, Masciovecchio C, Mincigrucci R, Nelson KA, Pancaldi M, Pedersoli E, Randolph L, Rahmann H, Urazhdin S, Bonetti S, Gutt C. Nanoscale Transient Magnetization Gratings Created and Probed by Femtosecond Extreme Ultraviolet Pulses. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2905-2911. [PMID: 33724854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c05083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We utilize coherent femtosecond extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulses from a free electron laser (FEL) to generate transient periodic magnetization patterns with periods as short as 44 nm. Combining spatially periodic excitation with resonant probing at the M-edge of cobalt allows us to create and probe transient gratings of electronic and magnetic excitations in a CoGd alloy. In a demagnetized sample, we observe an electronic excitation with a rise time close to the FEL pulse duration and ∼0.5 ps decay time indicative of electron-phonon relaxation. When the sample is magnetized to saturation in an external field, we observe a magnetization grating, which appears on a subpicosecond time scale as the sample is demagnetized at the maxima of the EUV intensity and then decays on the time scale of tens of picoseconds via thermal diffusion. The described approach opens multiple avenues for studying dynamics of ultrafast magnetic phenomena on nanometer length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Ksenzov
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | - Alexei A Maznev
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Filippo Bencivenga
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Flavio Capotondi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Antonio Caretta
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Marco Malvestuto
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Claudio Masciovecchio
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mincigrucci
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Keith A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Matteo Pancaldi
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emanuele Pedersoli
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14, km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Italy
| | - Lisa Randolph
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Rahmann
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | - Sergei Urazhdin
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Stefano Bonetti
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072, Siegen, Germany
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19
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Bergmann U, Kern J, Schoenlein RW, Wernet P, Yachandra VK, Yano J. Using X-ray free-electron lasers for spectroscopy of molecular catalysts and metalloenzymes. NATURE REVIEWS. PHYSICS 2021; 3:264-282. [PMID: 34212130 PMCID: PMC8245202 DOI: 10.1038/s42254-021-00289-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The metal centres in metalloenzymes and molecular catalysts are responsible for the rearrangement of atoms and electrons during complex chemical reactions, and they enable selective pathways of charge and spin transfer, bond breaking/making and the formation of new molecules. Mapping the electronic structural changes at the metal sites during the reactions gives a unique mechanistic insight that has been difficult to obtain to date. The development of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) enables powerful new probes of electronic structure dynamics to advance our understanding of metalloenzymes. The ultrashort, intense and tunable XFEL pulses enable X-ray spectroscopic studies of metalloenzymes, molecular catalysts and chemical reactions, under functional conditions and in real time. In this Technical Review, we describe the current state of the art of X-ray spectroscopy studies at XFELs and highlight some new techniques currently under development. With more XFEL facilities starting operation and more in the planning or construction phase, new capabilities are expected, including high repetition rate, better XFEL pulse control and advanced instrumentation. For the first time, it will be possible to make real-time molecular movies of metalloenzymes and catalysts in solution, while chemical reactions are taking place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert W. Schoenlein
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Wernet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vittal K. Yachandra
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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20
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Tkachenko V, Lipp V, Büscher M, Capotondi F, Höppner H, Medvedev N, Pedersoli E, Prandolini MJ, Rossi GM, Tavella F, Toleikis S, Windeler M, Ziaja B, Teubner U. Effect of Auger recombination on transient optical properties in XUV and soft X-ray irradiated silicon nitride. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5203. [PMID: 33664337 PMCID: PMC7970863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84677-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatially encoded measurements of transient optical transmissivity became a standard tool for temporal diagnostics of free-electron-laser (FEL) pulses, as well as for the arrival time measurements in X-ray pump and optical probe experiments. The modern experimental techniques can measure changes in optical coefficients with a temporal resolution better than 10 fs. This, in an ideal case, would imply a similar resolution for the temporal pulse properties and the arrival time jitter between the FEL and optical laser pulses. However, carrier transport within the material and out of its surface, as well as carrier recombination may, in addition, significantly decrease the number of carriers. This would strongly affect the transient optical properties, making the diagnostic measurement inaccurate. Below we analyze in detail the effects of those processes on the optical properties of XUV and soft X-ray irradiated Si[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text], on sub-picosecond timescales. Si[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text] is a wide-gap insulating material widely used for FEL pulse diagnostics. Theoretical predictions are compared with the published results of two experiments at FERMI and LCLS facilities, and with our own recent measurement. The comparison indicates that three body Auger recombination strongly affects the optical response of Si[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text] after its collisional ionization stops. By deconvolving the contribution of Auger recombination, in future applications one could regain a high temporal resolution for the reconstruction of the FEL pulse properties measured with a Si[Formula: see text]N[Formula: see text]-based diagnostics tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tkachenko
- Institute for Laser and Optics, Hochschule Emden/Leer-University of Applied Sciences, Constantiaplatz 4, 26723, Emden, Germany. .,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Kraków, Poland. .,European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.
| | - Vladimir Lipp
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Büscher
- Institute for Laser and Optics, Hochschule Emden/Leer-University of Applied Sciences, Constantiaplatz 4, 26723, Emden, Germany
| | - Flavio Capotondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A, 34149, Trieste, Basovizza, Italy
| | - Hauke Höppner
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nikita Medvedev
- Institute of Physics CAS, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Plasma Physics CAS, v.v.i., Za Slovankou 3, 182 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Mark J Prandolini
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giulio M Rossi
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz Tavella
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sven Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew Windeler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Beata Ziaja
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Radzikowskiego 152, 31-342, Kraków, Poland. .,Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Teubner
- Institute for Laser and Optics, Hochschule Emden/Leer-University of Applied Sciences, Constantiaplatz 4, 26723, Emden, Germany.,Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany
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21
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Cao G, Jiang S, Åkerman J, Weissenrieder J. Femtosecond laser driven precessing magnetic gratings. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:3746-3756. [PMID: 33555004 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07962f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation and detection of spins at the nanoscale is of considerable contemporary interest as it may not only facilitate a description of fundamental physical processes but also plays a critical role in the development of spintronic devices. Here, we describe the application of a novel combination of transient grating excitation with Lorentz ultrafast electron microscopy to control and detect magnetization dynamics with combined nanometer and picosecond resolutions. Excitation of Ni80Fe20 thin film samples results in the formation of transient coherently precessing magnetic gratings. From the time-resolved results, we extract detailed real space information of the magnetic precession, including local magnetization, precession frequency, and relevant decay factors. The Lorentz contrast of the dynamics is sensitive to the alignment of the in-plane components of the applied field. The experimental results are rationalized by a model considering local demagnetization and the phase of the precessing magnetic moments. We envision that this technique can be extended to the study of spin waves and dynamic behavior in ferrimagnetic and antiferromagnetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaolong Cao
- Materials and Nano Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden. and Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sheng Jiang
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Johan Åkerman
- Materials and Nano Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden. and Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jonas Weissenrieder
- Materials and Nano Physics, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden.
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22
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Vasileiadis T, Zhang H, Wang H, Bonn M, Fytas G, Graczykowski B. Frequency-domain study of nonthermal gigahertz phonons reveals Fano coupling to charge carriers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabd4540. [PMID: 33355135 PMCID: PMC11206219 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Telecommunication devices exploit hypersonic gigahertz acoustic phonons to mediate signal processing with microwave radiation, and charge carriers to operate various microelectronic components. Potential interactions of hypersound with charge carriers can be revealed through frequency- and momentum-resolved studies of acoustic phonons in photoexcited semiconductors. Here, we present an all-optical method for excitation and frequency-, momentum-, and space-resolved detection of gigahertz acoustic waves in a spatially confined model semiconductor. Lamb waves are excited in a bare silicon membrane using femtosecond optical pulses and detected with frequency-domain micro-Brillouin light spectroscopy. The population of photoexcited gigahertz phonons displays a hundredfold enhancement as compared with thermal equilibrium. The phonon spectra reveal Stokes-anti-Stokes asymmetry due to propagation, and strongly asymmetric Fano resonances due to coupling between the electron-hole plasma and the photoexcited phonons. This work lays the foundation for studying hypersonic signals in nonequilibrium conditions and, more generally, phonon-dependent phenomena in photoexcited nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vasileiadis
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Heng Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - George Fytas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Bartlomiej Graczykowski
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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