1
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Amontree J, Chen K, Varillas J, Fan ZH. A Capillary-Force-Driven, Single-Cell Transfer Method for Studying Rare Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:542. [PMID: 38927778 PMCID: PMC11200440 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The characterization of individual cells within heterogeneous populations (e.g., rare tumor cells in healthy blood cells) has a great impact on biomedical research. To investigate the properties of these specific cells, such as genetic biomarkers and/or phenotypic characteristics, methods are often developed for isolating rare cells among a large number of background cells before studying their genetic makeup and others. Prior to using real-world samples, these methods are often evaluated and validated by spiking cells of interest (e.g., tumor cells) into a sample matrix (e.g., healthy blood) as model samples. However, spiking tumor cells at extremely low concentrations is challenging in a standard laboratory setting. People often circumvent the problem by diluting a solution of high-concentration cells, but the concentration becomes inaccurate after series dilution due to the fact that a cell suspension solution can be inhomogeneous, especially when the cell concentration is very low. We report on an alternative method for low-cost, accurate, and reproducible low-concentration cell spiking without the use of external pumping systems. By inducing a capillary force from sudden pressure drops, a small portion of the cellular membrane was aspirated into the reservoir tip, allowing for non-destructive single-cell transfer. We investigated the surface membrane tensions induced by cellular aspiration and studied a range of tip/tumor cell diameter combinations, ensuring that our method does not affect cell viability. In addition, we performed single-cell capture and transfer control experiments using human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM) to develop calibrated data for the general production of low-concentration samples. Finally, we performed affinity-based tumor cell isolation using this method to generate accurate concentrations ranging from 1 to 15 cells/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Amontree
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Kangfu Chen
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jose Varillas
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Z. Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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2
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Wang Z, Wang H, Lin S, Angers S, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Phenotypic targeting using magnetic nanoparticles for rapid characterization of cellular proliferation regulators. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj1468. [PMID: 38718125 PMCID: PMC11078187 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide CRISPR screens have provided a systematic way to identify essential genetic regulators of a phenotype of interest with single-cell resolution. However, most screens use live/dead readout of viability to identify factors of interest. Here, we describe an approach that converts cell proliferation into the degree of magnetization, enabling downstream microfluidic magnetic sorting to be performed. We performed a head-to-head comparison and verified that the magnetic workflow can identify the same hits from a traditional screen while reducing the screening period from 4 weeks to 1 week. Taking advantage of parallelization and performance, we screened multiple mesenchymal cancer cell lines for their dependency on cell proliferation. We found and validated pan- and cell-specific potential therapeutic targets. The method presented provides a nanoparticle-enabled approach means to increase the breadth of data collected in CRISPR screens, enabling the rapid discovery of drug targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sichun Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts and Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts and Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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3
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Zhang N, Sun T, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Wang J. A universal inverse design methodology for microfluidic mixers. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:024102. [PMID: 38560343 PMCID: PMC10977039 DOI: 10.1063/5.0185494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The intelligent design of microfluidic mixers encompasses both the automation of predicting fluid performance and the structural design of mixers. This article delves into the technical trajectory of computer-aided design for micromixers, leveraging artificial intelligence algorithms. We propose an automated micromixer design methodology rooted in cost-effective artificial neural network (ANN) models paired with inverse design algorithms. Initially, we introduce two inverse design methods for micromixers: one that combines ANN with multi-objective genetic algorithms, and another that fuses ANN with particle swarm optimization algorithms. Subsequently, using two benchmark micromixers as case studies, we demonstrate the automatic derivation of micromixer structural parameters. Finally, we automatically design and optimize 50 sets of micromixer structures using the proposed algorithms. The design accuracy is further enhanced by analyzing the inverse design algorithm from a statistical standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiyin Zhang
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Taotao Sun
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenya Liu
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junchao Wang
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Chen K, Duong BTV, Ahmed SU, Dhavarasa P, Wang Z, Labib M, Flynn C, Xu J, Zhang YY, Wang H, Yang X, Das J, Zargartalebi H, Ma Y, Kelley SO. A magneto-activated nanoscale cytometry platform for molecular profiling of small extracellular vesicles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5576. [PMID: 37696888 PMCID: PMC10495366 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41285-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomal PD-L1 (exoPD-L1) has recently received significant attention as a biomarker predicting immunotherapeutic responses involving the PD1/PD-L1 pathway. However, current technologies for exosomal analysis rely primarily on bulk measurements that do not consider the heterogeneity found within exosomal subpopulations. Here, we present a nanoscale cytometry platform NanoEPIC, enabling phenotypic sorting and exoPD-L1 profiling from blood plasma. We highlight the efficacy of NanoEPIC in monitoring anti-PD-1 immunotherapy through the interrogation of exoPD-L1. NanoEPIC generates signature exoPD-L1 patterns in responders and non-responders. In mice treated with PD1-targeted immunotherapy, exoPD-L1 is correlated with tumor growth, PD-L1 burden in tumors, and the immune suppression of CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with different PD-L1 expression levels display distinctive inhibitory effects on CD8 + T cells. NanoEPIC offers robust, high-throughput profiling of exosomal markers, enabling sEV subpopulation analysis. This platform holds the potential for enhanced cancer screening, personalized treatment, and therapeutic response monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bill T V Duong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sharif U Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Connor Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jingya Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yi Y Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jagotamoy Das
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hossein Zargartalebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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5
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Chen K, Wang Z. A Micropillar Array Based Microfluidic Device for Rare Cell Detection and Single-Cell Proteomics. Methods Protoc 2023; 6:80. [PMID: 37736963 PMCID: PMC10514859 DOI: 10.3390/mps6050080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in single-cell-related technologies have opened new possibilities for analyzing rare cells, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and rare immune cells. Among these techniques, single-cell proteomics, particularly single-cell mass spectrometric analysis (scMS), has gained significant attention due to its ability to directly measure transcripts without the need for specific reagents. However, the success of single-cell proteomics relies heavily on efficient sample preparation, as protein loss in low-concentration samples can profoundly impact the analysis. To address this challenge, an effective handling system for rare cells is essential for single-cell proteomic analysis. Herein, we propose a microfluidics-based method that offers highly efficient isolation, detection, and collection of rare cells (e.g., CTCs). The detailed fabrication process of the micropillar array-based microfluidic device is presented, along with its application for CTC isolation, identification, and collection for subsequent proteomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA;
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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6
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Wang Z, Ahmed S, Labib M, Wang H, Wu L, Bavaghar-Zaeimi F, Shokri N, Blanco S, Karim S, Czarnecka-Kujawa K, Sargent EH, McGray AJR, de Perrot M, Kelley SO. Isolation of tumour-reactive lymphocytes from peripheral blood via microfluidic immunomagnetic cell sorting. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1188-1203. [PMID: 37037966 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The clinical use of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes for the treatment of solid tumours is hindered by the need to obtain large and fresh tumour fractions, which is often not feasible in patients with unresectable tumours or recurrent metastases. Here we show that circulating tumour-reactive lymphocytes (cTRLs) can be isolated from peripheral blood at high yield and purity via microfluidic immunomagnetic cell sorting, allowing for comprehensive downstream analyses of these rare cells. We observed that CD103 is strongly expressed by the isolated cTRLs, and that in mice with subcutaneous tumours, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes isolated from the tumours and rapidly expanded CD8+CD103+ cTRLs isolated from blood are comparably potent and respond similarly to immune checkpoint blockade. We also show that CD8+CD103+ cTRLs isolated from the peripheral blood of patients and co-cultured with tumour cells dissociated from their resected tumours resulted in the enrichment of interferon-γ-secreting cell populations with T-cell-receptor clonotypes substantially overlapping those of the patients' tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes. Therapeutically potent cTRLs isolated from peripheral blood may advance the clinical development of adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Licun Wu
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Bavaghar-Zaeimi
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nastaran Shokri
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soraly Blanco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saraf Karim
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kasia Czarnecka-Kujawa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A J Robert McGray
- Department of Immunology, Division of Translational Immuno-Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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7
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Qin X, He J, Wang X, Wang J, Yang R, Chen X. The functions and clinical application potential of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells on wound repair: a review of recent research advances. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1256687. [PMID: 37691943 PMCID: PMC10486026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1256687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Wound repair is a complex problem for both clinical practitioners and scientific investigators. Conventional approaches to wound repair have been associated with several limitations, including prolonged treatment duration, high treatment expenses, and significant economic and psychological strain on patients. Consequently, there is a pressing demand for more efficacious and secure treatment modalities to enhance the existing treatment landscapes. In the field of wound repair, cell-free therapy, particularly the use of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos), has made notable advancements in recent years. Exosomes, which are small lipid bilayer vesicles discharged by MSCs, harbor bioactive constituents such as proteins, lipids, microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA). These constituents facilitate material transfer and information exchange between the cells, thereby regulating their biological functions. This article presents a comprehensive survey of the function and mechanisms of MSC-Exos in the context of wound healing, emphasizing their beneficial impact on each phase of the process, including the regulation of the immune response, inhibition of inflammation, promotion of angiogenesis, advancement of cell proliferation and migration, and reduction of scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchi Qin
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jia He
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Ronghua Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
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8
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Wang Z. Assessing Tumorigenicity in Stem Cell-Derived Therapeutic Products: A Critical Step in Safeguarding Regenerative Medicine. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:857. [PMID: 37508884 PMCID: PMC10376867 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells hold promise in regenerative medicine due to their ability to proliferate and differentiate into various cell types. However, their self-renewal and multipotency also raise concerns about their tumorigenicity during and post-therapy. Indeed, multiple studies have reported the presence of stem cell-derived tumors in animal models and clinical administrations. Therefore, the assessment of tumorigenicity is crucial in evaluating the safety of stem cell-derived therapeutic products. Ideally, the assessment needs to be performed rapidly, sensitively, cost-effectively, and scalable. This article reviews various approaches for assessing tumorigenicity, including animal models, soft agar culture, PCR, flow cytometry, and microfluidics. Each method has its advantages and limitations. The selection of the assay depends on the specific needs of the study and the stage of development of the stem cell-derived therapeutic product. Combining multiple assays may provide a more comprehensive evaluation of tumorigenicity. Future developments should focus on the optimization and standardization of microfluidics-based methods, as well as the integration of multiple assays into a single platform for efficient and comprehensive evaluation of tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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9
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Chang D, Wang Z, Flynn CD, Mahmud A, Labib M, Wang H, Geraili A, Li X, Zhang J, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. A high-dimensional microfluidic approach for selection of aptamers with programmable binding affinities. Nat Chem 2023; 15:773-780. [PMID: 37277648 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aptamers are being applied as affinity reagents in analytical applications owing to their high stability, compact size and amenability to chemical modification. Generating aptamers with different binding affinities is desirable, but systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), the standard for aptamer generation, is unable to quantitatively produce aptamers with desired binding affinities and requires multiple rounds of selection to eliminate false-positive hits. Here we introduce Pro-SELEX, an approach for the rapid discovery of aptamers with precisely defined binding affinities that combines efficient particle display, high-performance microfluidic sorting and high-content bioinformatics. Using the Pro-SELEX workflow, we were able to investigate the binding performance of individual aptamer candidates under different selective pressures in a single round of selection. Using human myeloperoxidase as a target, we demonstrate that aptamers with dissociation constants spanning a 20-fold range of affinities can be identified within one round of Pro-SELEX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingran Chang
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Connor D Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Alam Mahmud
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Hansen Wang
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Armin Geraili
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiangling Li
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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Chien CY, Lin JC, Huang CY, Hsu CY, Yang KC, Chattopadhyay S, Nikoloutsos N, Hsieh PCH, Hu CMJ. In Situ Hydrogelation of Cellular Monolayers Enables Conformal Biomembrane Functionalization for Xeno-Free Feeder Substrate Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2201708. [PMID: 36455286 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The intricate functionalities of cellular membranes have inspired strategies for deriving and anchoring cell-surface components onto solid substrates for biological studies, biosensor applications, and tissue engineering. However, introducing conformal and right-side-out cell membrane coverage onto planar substrates requires cumbersome protocols susceptible to significant device-to-device variability. Here, a facile approach for biomembrane functionalization of planar substrates is demonstrated by subjecting confluent cellular monolayer to intracellular hydrogel polymerization. The resulting cell-gel hybrid, herein termed GELL (gelated cell), exhibits extraordinary stability and retains the structural integrity, membrane fluidity, membrane protein mobility, and topology of living cells. In assessing the utility of GELL layers as a tissue engineering feeder substrate for stem cell maintenance, GELL feeder prepared from primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts not only preserves the stemness of murine stem cells but also exhibits advantages over live feeder cells owing to the GELL's inanimate, non-metabolizing nature. The preparation of a xeno-free feeder substrate devoid of non-human components is further shown with HeLa cells, and the resulting HeLa GELL feeder effectively sustains the growth and stemness of both murine and human induced pluripotent stem cells. The study highlights a novel bio-functionalization strategy that introduces new opportunities for tissue engineering and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ying Chien
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yao Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academic Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Chieh Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academic Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Saborni Chattopadhyay
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academic Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Che-Ming Jack Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University and Academic Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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11
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Suresh Babu S, Duvvuru H, Baker J, Switalski S, Shafa M, Panchalingam KM, Dadgar S, Beller J, Ahmadian Baghbaderani B. Characterization of human induced pluripotent stems cells: Current approaches, challenges, and future solutions. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 37:e00784. [PMID: 36818379 PMCID: PMC9929203 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have demonstrated massive potentials for use in regenerative and personalized medicine due to their ability to expand in culture and differentiate into specialized cells with therapeutic benefits. However, in order to industrialize iPSC-derived therapies, it is necessary to address the existing challenges surrounding the analytics implemented in the manufacturing process to evaluate and monitor cell expansion, differentiation, and quality of the final products. Here, we review some of the key analytical methods used as part of identity, potency, or safety for in-process or final product release testing and highlighted the challenges and potential solutions for consideration in the Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls (CMC) strategy for iPSC-based therapies. Some of the challenges associated with characterization and testing of iPSC-based products are related to the choice of analytical technology (to ensure fit-for-purpose), assay reliability and robustness. Automation of analytical methods may be required to reduce hands on time, and improve reliability of the methods through reducing assay variability. Indeed, we have shown that automation of analytical methods is feasible (evaluated using an ELISA based assay) and would result in more precise measurements (demonstrated by lower co-efficient of Variation and standard deviation), less hands-on time, and swift compared to a manually run assay. Therefore, in order to support commercialization of iPSC-based therapies we suggest a well-designed testing strategy to be established in the development phase while incorporating robust, reproducible, reliable, and potentially automated analytics in the manufacturing process.
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12
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He X, Liang J, Paul C, Huang W, Dutta S, Wang Y. Advances in Cellular Reprogramming-Based Approaches for Heart Regenerative Repair. Cells 2022; 11:3914. [PMID: 36497171 PMCID: PMC9740402 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous loss of cardiomyocytes (CMs) is one of the fundamental characteristics of many heart diseases, which eventually can lead to heart failure. Due to the limited proliferation ability of human adult CMs, treatment efficacy has been limited in terms of fully repairing damaged hearts. It has been shown that cell lineage conversion can be achieved by using cell reprogramming approaches, including human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), providing a promising therapeutic for regenerative heart medicine. Recent studies using advanced cellular reprogramming-based techniques have also contributed some new strategies for regenerative heart repair. In this review, hiPSC-derived cell therapeutic methods are introduced, and the clinical setting challenges (maturation, engraftment, immune response, scalability, and tumorigenicity), with potential solutions, are discussed. Inspired by the iPSC reprogramming, the approaches of direct cell lineage conversion are merging, such as induced cardiomyocyte-like cells (iCMs) and induced cardiac progenitor cells (iCPCs) derived from fibroblasts, without induction of pluripotency. The studies of cellular and molecular pathways also reveal that epigenetic resetting is the essential mechanism of reprogramming and lineage conversion. Therefore, CRISPR techniques that can be repurposed for genomic or epigenetic editing become attractive approaches for cellular reprogramming. In addition, viral and non-viral delivery strategies that are utilized to achieve CM reprogramming will be introduced, and the therapeutic effects of iCMs or iCPCs on myocardial infarction will be compared. After the improvement of reprogramming efficiency by developing new techniques, reprogrammed iCPCs or iCMs will provide an alternative to hiPSC-based approaches for regenerative heart therapies, heart disease modeling, and new drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu He
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Christian Paul
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Suchandrima Dutta
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Yigang Wang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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13
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Tsujimoto H, Osafune K. Current status and future directions of clinical applications using iPS cells-focus on Japan. FEBS J 2022; 289:7274-7291. [PMID: 34407307 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine using iPS cell technologies has progressed remarkably in recent years. In this review, we summarize these technologies and their clinical application. First, we discuss progress in the establishment of iPS cells, including the HLA-homo iPS cell stock project in Japan and the advancement of low antigenic iPS cells using genome-editing technology. Then, we describe iPS cell-based therapies in or approaching clinical application, including those for ophthalmological, neurological, cardiac, hematological, cartilage, and metabolic diseases. Next, we introduce disease models generated from patient iPS cells and successfully used to identify therapeutic agents for intractable diseases. Clinical medicine using iPS cells has advanced safely and effectively by making full use of current scientific standards, but tests on cell safety need to be further developed and validated. The next decades will see the further spread of iPS cell technology-based regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiraku Tsujimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan.,RegeNephro Co., Ltd., MIC bldg. Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan.,Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Meiji University, Kanagawa, Japan
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14
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Andrews PW, Barbaric I, Benvenisty N, Draper JS, Ludwig T, Merkle FT, Sato Y, Spits C, Stacey GN, Wang H, Pera MF. The consequences of recurrent genetic and epigenetic variants in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1624-1636. [PMID: 36459966 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can acquire genetic and epigenetic changes during culture in vitro. Given the increasing use of hPSCs in research and therapy and the vast expansion in the number of hPSC lines available for researchers, the International Society for Stem Cell Research has recognized the need to reassess quality control standards for ensuring the genetic integrity of hPSCs. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the nature of recurrent genetic and epigenetic variants in hPSC culture, the methods for their detection, and what is known concerning their effects on cell behavior in vitro or in vivo. We argue that the potential consequences of low-level contamination of cell therapy products with cells bearing oncogenic variants are essentially unknown at present. We highlight the key challenges facing the field with particular reference to safety assessment of hPSC-derived cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Andrews
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Jonathan S Draper
- Stem Cell Network, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Tenneille Ludwig
- WiCell Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Florian T Merkle
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki Ward, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Claudia Spits
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, 2 High Street, Barley, UK; National Stem Cell Resource Centre, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Haoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Martin F Pera
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative.
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15
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Xia F, Ma Y, Chen K, Duong B, Ahmed S, Atwal R, Philpott D, Ketela T, Pantea J, Lin S, Angers S, Kelley SO. Genome-wide in vivo screen of circulating tumor cells identifies SLIT2 as a regulator of metastasis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo7792. [PMID: 36054348 PMCID: PMC10848953 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo7792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) break free from primary tumors and travel through the circulation system to seed metastatic tumors, which are the major cause of death from cancer. The identification of the major genetic factors that enhance production and persistence of CTCs in the bloodstream at a whole genome level would enable more comprehensive molecular mechanisms of metastasis to be elucidated and the identification of novel therapeutic targets, but this remains a challenging task due to the heterogeneity and extreme rarity of CTCs. Here, we describe an in vivo genome-wide CRISPR knockout screen using CTCs directly isolated from a mouse xenograft. This screen elucidated SLIT2-a gene encoding a secreted protein acting as a cellular migration cue-as the most significantly represented gene knockout in the CTC population. SLIT2 knockout cells are highly metastatic with hypermigratory and mesenchymal phenotype, resulting in enhanced cancer progression in xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Kangfu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bill Duong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Randy Atwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David Philpott
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Troy Ketela
- Princess Margret Genomics Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Pantea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sichun Lin
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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16
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Wang Z, Wang H, Lin S, Ahmed S, Angers S, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Nanoparticle Amplification Labeling for High-Performance Magnetic Cell Sorting. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4774-4783. [PMID: 35639489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic cell sorting is an enabling tool for the isolation of specific cellular subpopulations for downstream applications and requires the cells to be labeled by a sufficient number of magnetic nanoparticles to leverage magnetophoresis for efficient separation. This requirement makes it challenging to target weakly expressed biomarkers. Here, we developed a new approach that selectively and efficiently amplifies the magnetic labeling on cells through sequentially connected antibodies and nanoparticles delivered to the surface or interior of the cell. Using this approach, we achieved amplification up to 100-fold for surface and intracellular markers. We also demonstrated the utility of this assay for enabling high-performance magnetic cell sorting when it is applied to the analysis of rare tumor cells for cancer diagnosis and the purification of transfected CAR T cells for immunotherapy. The data presented demonstrate a useful tool for the stratification of rare cell subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sichun Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, United States
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17
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Li M, Fang F, Sun M, Zhang Y, Hu M, Zhang J. Extracellular vesicles as bioactive nanotherapeutics: An emerging paradigm for regenerative medicine. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4879-4903. [PMID: 35836815 PMCID: PMC9274746 DOI: 10.7150/thno.72812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as bioactive cell-secreted nanoparticles which are involved in various physiological and pathological processes including cell proliferation, immune regulation, angiogenesis and tissue repair, have emerged as one of the most attractive nanotherapeutics for regenerative medicine. Herein we provide a systematic review of the latest progress of EVs for regenerative applications. Firstly, we will briefly introduce the biogenesis, function and isolation technology of EVs. Then, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of the native unmodified EVs and engineering strategies of the modified EVs as regenerative entities will be discussed. Subsequently, the main focus will be placed on the tissue repair and regeneration applications of EVs on various organs including brain, heart, bone and cartilage, liver and kidney, as well as skin. More importantly, current clinical trials of EVs for regenerative medicine will also be briefly highlighted. Finally, the future challenges and insightful perspectives of the currently developed EV-based nanotherapeutics in biomedicine will be discussed. In short, the bioactive EV-based nanotherapeutics have opened new horizons for biologists, chemists, nanoscientists, pharmacists, as well as clinicians, making possible powerful tools and therapies for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yinfeng Zhang
- International Medical Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, P. R. China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510630, P. R. China.,✉ Corresponding authors: E-mail: (J.Z.); E-mail:
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China.,✉ Corresponding authors: E-mail: (J.Z.); E-mail:
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18
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Wang Z, Ahmed S, Labib M, Wang H, Hu X, Wei J, Yao Y, Moffat J, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Efficient recovery of potent tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes through quantitative immunomagnetic cell sorting. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:108-117. [PMID: 35087171 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00820-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapies require the recovery and expansion of highly potent tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). However, TILs in tumours are rare and difficult to isolate efficiently, which hinders the optimization of therapeutic potency and dose. Here we show that a configurable microfluidic device can efficiently recover potent TILs from solid tumours by leveraging specific expression levels of target cell-surface markers. The device, which is sandwiched by permanent magnets, balances magnetic forces and fluidic drag forces to sort cells labelled with magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with antibodies for the target markers. Compared with conventional cell sorting, immunomagnetic cell sorting recovered up to 30-fold higher numbers of TILs, and the higher levels and diversity of the recovered TILs accelerated TIL expansion and enhanced their therapeutic potency. Immunomagnetic cell sorting also allowed us to identify and isolate potent TIL subpopulations, in particular TILs with moderate levels of CD39 (a marker of T-cell reactivity to tumours and T-cell exhaustion), which we found are tumour-specific, self-renewable and essential for the long-term success of adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiyue Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiarun Wei
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuxi Yao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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19
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Abstract
In the past few years, the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) applications in medicine and molecular biology have broadened. CRISPR has also been integrated with microfluidic-based biosensors to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of medical diagnosis due to its great potentials. The CRISPR-powered microfluidics can help quantify DNAs and RNAs for different diseases such as cancer, and viral or bacterial diseases among others. Here in this review, we discussed the main applications of such tools along with their advantages and limitations.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Gungun Lin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials and Devices Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney Ultimo New South Wales Australia
- ARC Research Hub for Integrated Device for End‐User Analysis at Low Levels Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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21
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Chour T, Tian L, Lau E, Thomas D, Itzhaki I, Malak O, Zhang JZ, Qin X, Wardak M, Liu Y, Chandy M, Black KE, Lam MP, Neofytou E, Wu JC. Method for selective ablation of undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cell populations for cell-based therapies. JCI Insight 2021; 6:142000. [PMID: 33830086 PMCID: PMC8119193 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which are composed of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), provide an opportunity to advance cardiac cell therapy-based clinical trials. However, an important hurdle that must be overcome is the risk of teratoma formation after cell transplantation due to the proliferative capacity of residual undifferentiated PSCs in differentiation batches. To tackle this problem, we propose the use of a minimal noncardiotoxic doxorubicin dose as a purifying agent to selectively target rapidly proliferating stem cells for cell death, which will provide a purer population of terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes before cell transplantation. In this study, we determined an appropriate in vitro doxorubicin dose that (a) eliminates residual undifferentiated stem cells before cell injection to prevent teratoma formation after cell transplantation and (b) does not cause cardiotoxicity in ESC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) as demonstrated through contractility analysis, electrophysiology, topoisomerase activity assay, and quantification of reactive oxygen species generation. This study establishes a potentially novel method for tumorigenic-free cell therapy studies aimed at clinical applications of cardiac cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Chour
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Edward Lau
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Dilip Thomas
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Ilanit Itzhaki
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Olfat Malak
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Joe Z. Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Xulei Qin
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Mirwais Wardak
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yonggang Liu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Mark Chandy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Katelyn E. Black
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Maggie P.Y. Lam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Evgenios Neofytou
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, and
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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22
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Wang J, Liang K, Zhang N, Yao H, Ho TY, Sun L. Automated calibration of 3D-printed microfluidic devices based on computer vision. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2021; 15:024102. [PMID: 33732409 PMCID: PMC7952140 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
With the development of 3D printing techniques, the application of it in microfluidic/Lab-on-a-Chip (LoC) fabrication is becoming more and more attractive. However, to achieve a satisfying printing quality of the target devices, researchers usually require quite an amount of work in calibration trials even for high-end 3D printers. To increase the calibration efficiency of the average priced printers and promote the application of 3D printing technology in the microfluidic community, this work has presented a computer vision (CV)-based method for rapid and precise 3D printing calibration with examples on cylindrical hole/post diameters of 0.2-2.4 mm and rectangular hole/post widths of 0.2-1.0 mm by a stereolithography-based 3D printer. Our method is fully automated, which contains five steps and only needs a camera at hand to provide photos for convolutional neural network recognition. The experimental results showed that our CV-based method could provide calibrated dimensions with just one print of the specific calibration ruler to meet user desire. The higher resolution of the photo provides a higher precision in calibration. Subsequently, only one more print for the target device is needed after the calibration process. Overall, this work has provided a quick and precise calibration tool for researchers to apply 3D printing in the fabrication of their microfluidic/LoC devices with average price printers. Besides, with our open source calibration software and calibration ruler design file, researchers can modify the specific setting based on customized needs and conduct calibration on any type of 3D printer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Wang
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | - Kaicong Liang
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Naiyin Zhang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hailong Yao
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tsung-Yi Ho
- Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30071, Taiwan
| | - Lingling Sun
- Key Laboratory of RF Circuits and Systems, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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23
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Wang Z, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Ultrasensitive Detection and Depletion of Rare Leukemic B Cells in T Cell Populations via Immunomagnetic Cell Ranking. Anal Chem 2021; 93:2327-2335. [PMID: 33432815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rare CD19+ leukemic B cells present in purified T cell populations can cause disease relapse and even the failure of CD19-targeting CAR-T therapy as these rare cells have the ability to self-mask their surface CD19 and escape from the recognition of T cells. It is therefore critical to efficiently detect and robustly deplete rare leukemic B cells in samples of therapeutic T cells. Here, we present a novel microfluidic approach to address the challenges specific to quality control of therapeutic T cells - CAR-QC. CAR-QC utilizes immunomagnetic labeling with a highly selective microfluidic device to rank and isolate rare leukemic B cells in T cell populations. CAR-QC offers ultrasensitive detection of leukemic B cells at single-cell resolution and robust depletion efficiency up to 99.985%. We demonstrate that CAR-QC outperforms flow cytometry and magnetic-activated cell sorting for detecting or purifying spiked samples. In addition, we prove that the improved performance of CAR-QC helps to avoid the occurrence and possibly relapse of rare leukemic B cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada.,Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G9, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada
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24
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Labib M, Philpott DN, Wang Z, Nemr C, Chen JB, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Magnetic Ranking Cytometry: Profiling Rare Cells at the Single-Cell Level. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1445-1457. [PMID: 32662263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity in biological systems presents major challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of disease and also complicates the deconvolution of complex cellular phenomena. Single-cell analysis methods provide information that is not masked by the intrinsic heterogeneity of the bulk population and can therefore be applied to gain insights into heterogeneity among different cell subpopulations with fine resolution. Over the last 5 years, an explosion in the number of single-cell measurement methods has occurred. However, most of these methods are applicable to pure populations of cultured cells and are not able to handle high levels of phenotypic heterogeneity or a large background of nontarget cells. Microfluidics is an attractive tool for single cell manipulation as it enables individual encasing of single cells, allowing for high-throughput analysis with precise control of the local environment. Our laboratory has developed a new microfluidics-based analytical strategy to meet this unmet need referred to as magnetic ranking cytometry (MagRC). Cells expressing a biomarker of interest are labeled with receptor-coated magnetic nanoparticles and isolated from nontarget cells using a microfluidic device. The device ranks the cells according to the level of bound magnetic nanoparticles, which corresponds to the expression level of a target biomarker. Over the last several years, two generations of MagRC devices have been developed for different applications. The first-generation MagRC devices are powerful tools for the quantitation and analysis of rare cells present in heterogeneous samples, such as circulating tumor cells, stem cells, and pathogenic bacteria. The second-generation MagRC devices are compatible with the efficient recovery of cells sorted on the basis of protein expression and can be used to analyze large populations of cells and perform phenotypic CRISPR screens. To improve analytical precision, newer iterations of the first-generation and second-generation MagRC devices have been integrated with electrochemical sensors and Hall effect sensors, respectively. Both generations of MagRC devices permit the isolation of viable cells, which sets the stage for a wide range of applications, such as generating cell lines from rare cells and in vitro screening for effective therapeutic interventions in cancer patients to realize the promise of personalized medicine. This Account summarizes the development and application of the MagRC and describes a suite of advances that have enabled single-cell tumor cell analysis and monitoring tumor response to therapy, stem cell analysis, and detection of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Labib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - David N. Philpott
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Zongjie Wang
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Carine Nemr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Jenise B. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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25
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Yang X, Liu W, Chan DCH, Ahmed SU, Wang H, Wang Z, Nemr CR, Kelley SO. Fluorescent Droplet Cytometry for On-Cell Phenotype Tracking. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14805-14809. [PMID: 32786736 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Profiling the heterogeneous phenotypes of live cancer cells is a key capability that requires single-cell analysis. However, acquiring information at the single-cell level for live cancer cells is challenging when small collections of cells are being targeted. Here, we report single-cell analysis for low abundance cells enabled by fluorescent droplet cytometry (FDC), an approach that uses a biomarker-specific enzymatic fluorescent assay carried out using a droplet microfluidic platform. FDC utilizes DNA-functionalized antibodies in droplets to achieve specific on-cell target detection and enables characterization and profiling of live cancer cells with single-cell resolution based on their surface phenotype. Using this approach, we achieve live-cell phenotypic profiling of multiple surface markers acquired with small (<40 cells) collections of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3M2, Canada
| | - Wenhan Liu
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Darren Chi-Hang Chan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3M2, Canada
| | - Sharif U Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3M2, Canada
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3M2, Canada
| | - Zongjie Wang
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.,The Edward S. Rogers Sr., Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Carine R Nemr
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
| | - Shana O Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S3M2, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
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Montero P, Flandes-Iparraguirre M, Musquiz S, Pérez Araluce M, Plano D, Sanmartín C, Orive G, Gavira JJ, Prosper F, Mazo MM. Cells, Materials, and Fabrication Processes for Cardiac Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:955. [PMID: 32850768 PMCID: PMC7431658 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer worldwide, with myocardial infarction (MI) responsible for approximately 1 in 6 deaths. The lack of endogenous regenerative capacity, added to the deleterious remodelling programme set into motion by myocardial necrosis, turns MI into a progressively debilitating disease, which current pharmacological therapy cannot halt. The advent of Regenerative Therapies over 2 decades ago kick-started a whole new scientific field whose aim was to prevent or even reverse the pathological processes of MI. As a highly dynamic organ, the heart displays a tight association between 3D structure and function, with the non-cellular components, mainly the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM), playing both fundamental active and passive roles. Tissue engineering aims to reproduce this tissue architecture and function in order to fabricate replicas able to mimic or even substitute damaged organs. Recent advances in cell reprogramming and refinement of methods for additive manufacturing have played a critical role in the development of clinically relevant engineered cardiovascular tissues. This review focuses on the generation of human cardiac tissues for therapy, paying special attention to human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives. We provide a perspective on progress in regenerative medicine from the early stages of cell therapy to the present day, as well as an overview of cellular processes, materials and fabrication strategies currently under investigation. Finally, we summarise current clinical applications and reflect on the most urgent needs and gaps to be filled for efficient translation to the clinical arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Montero
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Flandes-Iparraguirre
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saioa Musquiz
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Pérez Araluce
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country – UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology – UIRMI (UPV/EHU – Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan José Gavira
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Cima Universidad de Navarra, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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