1
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Li Y, Ding J, Qin W. Enhanced Selectivity in Microdroplet-Mediated Enzyme Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:24389-24397. [PMID: 39073863 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Natural enzymes with enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity have long been studied by tuning the microenvironment around the active site, but how to modulate the active-site electric field in a simple fashion remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate that microdroplets as a simple yet versatile reactor can enhance the electric field at the active site of an enzyme. By using horseradish peroxidase as a model, improved selectivity in microdroplet-mediated enzyme catalysis can be obtained. Quantum mechanical/molecular dynamics calculations and vibrational Stark spectroscopy reveal that the electric field at the microdroplet interface can influence the electrostatic preorganization and orientation of the enzyme to enhance its internal electric field. As a result, the free energies of the substrate and heme can be tuned by the internal electric field, thereby changing its catalytic reaction pathway for a classical substrate, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, and enabling selective C-N additions for specific substrates. This finding provides a green, simple, and effective way to modulate enzyme-catalyzed reactions and holds promise for a broad spectrum of biosensing and biosynthesis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Sano M, Kamei K, Yatsuhashi T, Sakota K. Localization and Orientation of Dye Molecules at the Surface of a Levitated Microdroplet in Air Revealed by Whispering Gallery Mode Resonances. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:8133-8141. [PMID: 39087939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Microdroplets offer unique environments that accelerate chemical reactions; however, the mechanisms behind these processes remain debated. The localization and orientation of solute molecules near the droplet surface have been proposed as factors for this acceleration. Since significant reaction acceleration has been observed for electrospray- and sonic-spray-generated aerosol droplets, the analysis of microdroplets in air has become essential. Here, we utilized whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonances to investigate the localization and orientation of dissolved rhodamine B (RhB) in a levitated microdroplet (∼3 μm in diameter) in air. Fluorescence enhancement upon resonance with the WGMs revealed the localization and orientation of RhB near the droplet surface. Numerical modeling using Mie theory quantified the RhB orientation at 68° to the surface normal, with a small fraction randomly oriented inside the droplet. Additionally, low RhB concentrations increased surface localization. These results support the significance of surface reactions in the acceleration of microdroplet reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoya Sano
- Division of Molecular Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kota Kamei
- Division of Molecular Material Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yatsuhashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakota
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
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3
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Vannoy KJ, Edwards MQ, Renault C, Dick JE. An Electrochemical Perspective on Reaction Acceleration in Microdroplets. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:149-171. [PMID: 38594942 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061622-030919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Analytical techniques operating at the nanoscale introduce confinement as a tool at our disposal. This review delves into the phenomenon of accelerated reactivity within micro- and nanodroplets. A decade of accelerated reactivity observations was succeeded by several years of fundamental studies aimed at mechanistic enlightenment. Herein, we provide a brief historical context for rate enhancement in and around micro- and nanodroplets and summarize the mechanisms that have been proposed to contribute to such extraordinary reactivity. We highlight recent electrochemical reports that make use of restricted mass transfer to enhance electrochemical reactions and/or quantitatively measure reaction rates within droplet-confined electrochemical cells. A comprehensive approach to nanodroplet reactivity is paramount to understanding how nature takes advantage of these systems to provide life on Earth and, in turn, how to harness the full potential of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Vannoy
- 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
| | | | - Christophe Renault
- 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
- 2Current Address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
- 3Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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4
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Chen H, Wang R, Chiba T, Foreman K, Bowen K, Zhang X. Designer "Quasi-Benzyne": The Spontaneous Reduction of Ortho-Diiodotetrafluorobenzene on Water Microdroplets. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10979-10983. [PMID: 38586980 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
It has been widely shown that water microdroplets have a plethora of unique properties that are highly distinct from those of bulk water, among which an especially intriguing one is the strong reducing power as a result of the electrons spontaneously generated at the air-water interface. In this study, we take advantage of the reducing power of water microdroplets to reduce ortho-diiodotetrafluorobenzene (o-C6F4I2) into a C6F4I2•- radical anion. Photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory computations reveal that the excess electron in C6F4I2•- occupies the I-C1-C2-I linkage, which elongates the C-I bonds but surprisingly shortens the C1-C2 bond, making the bond order higher than a double bond, similar to the benzyne molecule, so we named it "quasi-benzyne". The C6F4I2•- anion was further successfully utilized in a Diels-Alder reaction, a typical reaction for benzyne. This study provides a good example of strategically utilizing the spontaneous properties of water microdroplets and generating an especially exotic anion, and we anticipate that microdroplet chemistry can be an avenue rich in opportunities for new catalyst-free organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin300192, China
| | - Ruijing Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin300192, China
| | - Tatsuya Chiba
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kathryn Foreman
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kit Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin300192, China
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5
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Zhang W, Yuan K, Zheng J, Wang X, Wang X, Song Z, Zhang L, Hu J. Effects of Nanobubbles on Photochemical Processes of Levofloxacin Photosensitizer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7021-7028. [PMID: 38501919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) stands as an efficacious modality for the treatment of cancer and various diseases, in which optimization of the electron transfer and augmentation of the production of lethal reactive oxygen species (ROS) represent pivotal challenges to enhance its therapeutic efficacy. Empirical investigations have established that the spontaneous initiation of redox reactions associated with electron transfer is feasible and is located in the gas-liquid interfaces. Meanwhile, nanobubbles (NBs) are emerging as entities capable of furnishing a plethora of such interfaces, attributed to their stability and large surface/volume ratio in bulk water. Thus, NBs provide a chance to expedite the electron-transfer kinetics within the context of PDT in an ambient environment. In this paper, we present a pioneering exploration into the impact of nitrogen nanobubbles (N2-NBs) on the electron transfer of the photosensitizer levofloxacin (LEV). Transient absorption spectra and time-resolved decay spectra, as determined through laser flash photolysis, unequivocally reveal that N2-NBs exhibit a mitigating effect on the decay of the LEV excitation triplet state, thereby facilitating subsequent processes. Of paramount significance is the observation that the presence of N2-NBs markedly accelerates the electron transfer of LEV, albeit with a marginal inhibitory influence on its energy-transfer reaction. This observation is corroborated through absorbance measurements and offers compelling evidence substantiating the role of NBs in expediting electron transfer within the ambit of PDT. The mechanism elucidated herein sheds light on how N2-NBs intricately influence both electron-transfer and energy-transfer reactions in the photosensitizer LEV. These findings not only contribute to a nuanced understanding of the underlying processes but also furnish novel insights that may inform the application of NBs in the realm of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaiwei Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingya Wang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhejun Song
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
- Xiangfu Laboratory, Jiashan 314102, China
- Institute of Materiobiology, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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6
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Zhao G, Li Y, Zhen W, Gao J, Gu Y, Hong B, Han X, Zhao S, Pera-Titus M. Enhanced Biphasic Reactions in Amphiphilic Silica Mesopores. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:1644-1653. [PMID: 38322775 PMCID: PMC10839897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c07477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of the pore volume and mesopore size of surface-active catalytic organosilicas on the genesis of particle-stabilized (Pickering) emulsions for the dodecanal/ethylene glycol system and their reactivity for the acid-catalyzed biphasic acetalization reaction. To this aim, we functionalized a series of fumed silica superparticles (size 100-300 nm) displaying an average mesopore size in the range of 11-14 nm and variable mesopore volume, with a similar surface density of octyl and propylsulfonic acid groups. The modified silica superparticles were characterized in detail using different techniques, including acid-base titration, thermogravimetric analysis, TEM, and dynamic light scattering. The pore volume of the particles impacts their self-assembly and coverage at the dodecanal/ethylene glycol (DA/EG) interface. This affects the stability and the average droplet size of emulsions and conditions of the available interfacial surface area for reaction. The maximum DA-EG productivity is observed for A200 super-SiNPs with a pore volume of 0.39 cm3·g-1 with an interfacial coverage by particles lower than 1 (i.e., submonolayer). Using dissipative particle dynamics and all-atom grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations, we unveil a stabilizing role of the pore volume of porous silica superparticles for generating emulsions and local micromixing of immiscible dodecanal and ethylene glycol, allowing fast and efficient solvent-free acetalization in the presence of Pickering emulsions. The micromixing level is interrelated to the adsorption energy of self-assembled particles at the DA/EG interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Zhao
- Eco-Efficient
Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L), UMI 3464 CNRS − Solvay, 3966 Jin Du Road, Xin Zhuang Ind. Zone, Shanghai 201108, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yao Li
- Eco-Efficient
Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L), UMI 3464 CNRS − Solvay, 3966 Jin Du Road, Xin Zhuang Ind. Zone, Shanghai 201108, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wen Zhen
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi
University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Eco-Efficient
Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L), UMI 3464 CNRS − Solvay, 3966 Jin Du Road, Xin Zhuang Ind. Zone, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Yunjiao Gu
- Eco-Efficient
Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L), UMI 3464 CNRS − Solvay, 3966 Jin Du Road, Xin Zhuang Ind. Zone, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Bing Hong
- Eco-Efficient
Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L), UMI 3464 CNRS − Solvay, 3966 Jin Du Road, Xin Zhuang Ind. Zone, Shanghai 201108, China
| | - Xia Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuangliang Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi
University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Marc Pera-Titus
- Eco-Efficient
Products and Processes Laboratory (E2P2L), UMI 3464 CNRS − Solvay, 3966 Jin Du Road, Xin Zhuang Ind. Zone, Shanghai 201108, China
- Cardiff
Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
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7
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Song Z, Liang C, Gong K, Zhao S, Yuan X, Zhang X, Xie J. Harnessing the High Interfacial Electric Fields on Water Microdroplets to Accelerate Menshutkin Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:26003-26008. [PMID: 38011046 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Even though it is still an emerging field, the application of a high external electric field (EEF) as a green and efficient catalyst in synthetic chemistry has recently received significant attention for the ability to deliver remarkable control of reaction selectivity and acceleration of reaction rates. Here, we extend the application of the EEF to Menshutkin reactions by taking advantage of the spontaneous high electric field at the air-water interfaces of sprayed water microdroplets. Experimentally, a series of Menshutkin reactions were accelerated by 7 orders of magnitude. Theoretically, both density functional theory calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations predict that the reaction barrier decreases significantly in the presence of oriented external electric fields, thereby supporting the notion that the electric fields in the water droplets are responsible for the catalysis. In addition, the ordered solvent and reactant molecules oriented by the electric field alleviate the steric effect of solvents and increase the successful collision rates, thus facilitating faster nucleophilic attack. The success of Menshutkin reactions in this study showcases the great potential of microdroplet chemistry for green synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chiyu Liang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ke Gong
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Supin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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8
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Ju Y, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Wang W, Kan G, Yu K, Wang X, Liu J, Jiang J. Aqueous microdroplets promote C-C bond formation and sequences in the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1892-1902. [PMID: 37679455 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle (rTCA) is a central anabolic network that uses carbon dioxide (CO2) and may have provided complex carbon substrates for life before the advent of RNA or enzymes. However, non-enzymatic promotion of the rTCA cycle, in particular carbon fixation, remains challenging, even with primordial metal catalysis. Here, we report that the fixation of CO2 by reductive carboxylation of succinate and α-ketoglutarate was achieved in aqueous microdroplets under ambient conditions without the use of catalysts. Under identical conditions, the aqueous microdroplets also facilitated the sequences in the rTCA cycle, including reduction, hydration, dehydration and retro-aldol cleavage and linked with the glyoxylate cycle. These reactions of the rTCA cycle were compatible with the aqueous microdroplets, as demonstrated with two-reaction and four-reaction sequences. A higher selectivity giving higher product yields was also observed. Our results suggest that the microdroplets provide an energetically favourable microenvironment and facilitate a non-enzymatic version of the rTCA cycle in prebiotic carbon anabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ju
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Yanxiao Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China
| | - Guangfeng Kan
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, PR China
| | - Kai Yu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, PR China
| | - Jilin Liu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, PR China.
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9
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Zhu C, Pham LN, Yuan X, Ouyang H, Coote ML, Zhang X. High Electric Fields on Water Microdroplets Catalyze Spontaneous and Fast Reactions in Halogen-Bond Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21207-21212. [PMID: 37724917 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of external electric fields as green and efficient catalysts in synthetic chemistry has recently received significant attention for their ability to deliver remarkable control of reaction selectivity and acceleration of reaction rates. Technically, methods of generating high electric fields in the range of 1-10 V/nm are limited, as in-vacuo techniques have obvious scalability issues. The spontaneous high fields at various interfaces promise to solve this problem. In this study, we take advantage of the spontaneous high electric field at the air-water interface of sprayed water microdroplets in the reactions of several halogen bond systems: Nu:--X-X, where Nu: is pyridine or quinuclidine and X is bromine or iodine. The field facilitates ultrafast electron transfer from Nu:, yielding a Nu-X covalent bond and causing the X-X bond to cleave. This reaction occurs in microseconds in microdroplets but takes days to weeks in bulk solution. Density functional theory calculations predict that the reaction becomes barrier-free in the presence of oriented external electric fields, supporting the notion that the electric fields in the water droplets are responsible for the catalysis. We anticipate that microdroplet chemistry will be an avenue rich in opportunities in the reactions facilitated by high electric fields and provides an alternative way to tackle the scalability problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Le Nhan Pham
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Xu Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Haoran Ouyang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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10
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Wang R, Ghanbari Ghalehjoughi N, Wang X. Ion-modulated interfacial fluorescence in droplet microfluidics using an ionophore-doped oil. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11867-11870. [PMID: 37721472 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02945j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence at the oil-water interface is used for chemical sensing in droplet microfluidics. Potassium ions in aqueous droplets are extracted into oil segments doped with an ionophore, a cation exchanger, and a cationic dye to expel the dye. When a low concentration of dye with a balanced solubility is used, it actively accumulates at the thin interface between oil and water instead of getting dissolved in the aqueous phase. The interfacial fluorescence is monitored distinct from the fluorescence in the oil sensor and the aqueous sample, allowing for highly sensitive and selective turn-on fluorescence sensing of ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| | | | - Xuewei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 W. Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
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11
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Jin S, Chen H, Yuan X, Xing D, Wang R, Zhao L, Zhang D, Gong C, Zhu C, Gao X, Chen Y, Zhang X. The Spontaneous Electron-Mediated Redox Processes on Sprayed Water Microdroplets. JACS AU 2023; 3:1563-1571. [PMID: 37388681 PMCID: PMC10301804 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Water is considered as an inert environment for the dispersion of many chemical systems. However, by simply spraying bulk water into microsized droplets, the water microdroplets have been shown to possess a large plethora of unique properties, including the ability to accelerate chemical reactions by several orders of magnitude compared to the same reactions in bulk water, and/or to trigger spontaneous reactions that cannot occur in bulk water. A high electric field (∼109 V/m) at the air-water interface of microdroplets has been postulated to be the probable cause of the unique chemistries. This high field can even oxidize electrons out of hydroxide ions or other closed-shell molecules dissolved in water, forming radicals and electrons. Subsequently, the electrons can trigger further reduction processes. In this Perspective, by showing a large number of such electron-mediated redox reactions, and by studying the kinetics of these reactions, we opine that the redox reactions on sprayed water microdroplets are essentially processes using electrons as the charge carriers. The potential impacts of the redox capability of microdroplets are also discussed in a larger context of synthetic chemistry and atmospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuihui Jin
- College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre,
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers
Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai
University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe
Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre,
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers
Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai
University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe
Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre,
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers
Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai
University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe
Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Dong Xing
- College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre,
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers
Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai
University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe
Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Ruijing Wang
- College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre,
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers
Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai
University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe
Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre,
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers
Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai
University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe
Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre,
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers
Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai
University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe
Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Chu Gong
- College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre,
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers
Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai
University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe
Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Chenghui Zhu
- College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre,
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers
Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai
University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe
Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xufeng Gao
- College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre,
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers
Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai
University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe
Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yeye Chen
- College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre,
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers
Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai
University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe
Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Centre,
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers
Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Nankai
University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe
Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin, 300192, China
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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12
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Dai Y, Chamberlayne CF, Messina MS, Chang CJ, Zare RN, You L, Chilkoti A. Interface of biomolecular condensates modulates redox reactions. Chem 2023; 9:1594-1609. [PMID: 37546704 PMCID: PMC10399281 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates mediate diverse cellular processes. The density transition process of condensate formation results in selective partitioning of molecules, which define a distinct chemical environment within the condensates. However, the fundamental features of the chemical environment and the mechanisms by which such environment can contribute to condensate functions have not been revealed. Here, we report that an electric potential gradient, thereby an electric field, is established at the liquid-liquid interface between the condensate and the bulk environment due to the density transition of ions and molecules brought about by phase separation. We find that the interface of condensates can drive spontaneous redox reactions in vitro and in living cells. Our results uncover a fundamental physicochemical property of the interface of condensates and the mechanism by which the interface can modulate biochemical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705
| | | | - Marco S. Messina
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720
| | | | - Richard N. Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305
| | - Lingchong You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705
| | - Ashutosh Chilkoti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705
- Lead Contact
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13
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Artemov V, Frank L, Doronin R, Stärk P, Schlaich A, Andreev A, Leisner T, Radenovic A, Kiselev A. The Three-Phase Contact Potential Difference Modulates the Water Surface Charge. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4796-4802. [PMID: 37191100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The surface charge of an open water surface is crucial for solvation phenomena and interfacial processes in aqueous systems. However, the magnitude of the charge is controversial, and the physical mechanism of charging remains incompletely understood. Here we identify a previously overlooked physical mechanism determining the surface charge of water. Using accurate charge measurements of water microdrops, we demonstrate that the water surface charge originates from the electrostatic effects in the contact line vicinity of three phases, one of which is water. Our experiments, theory, and simulations provide evidence that a junction of two aqueous interfaces (e.g., liquid-solid and liquid-air) develops a pH-dependent contact potential difference Δϕ due to the longitudinal charge redistribution between two contacting interfaces. This universal static charging mechanism may have implications for the origin of electrical potentials in biological, nanofluidic, and electrochemical systems and helps to predict and control the surface charge of water in various experimental environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily Artemov
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Frank
- Steinbuch Centre for Computing, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Roman Doronin
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philipp Stärk
- SC Simtech, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alexander Schlaich
- SC Simtech, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Computational Physics, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anton Andreev
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Thomas Leisner
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Radenovic
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexei Kiselev
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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14
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Gong K, Ao J, Li K, Liu L, Liu Y, Xu G, Wang T, Cheng H, Wang Z, Zhang X, Wei H, George C, Mellouki A, Herrmann H, Wang L, Chen J, Ji M, Zhang L, Francisco JS. Imaging of pH distribution inside individual microdroplet by stimulated Raman microscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219588120. [PMID: 37155894 PMCID: PMC10193990 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219588120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerosol microdroplets as microreactors for many important atmospheric reactions are ubiquitous in the atmosphere. pH largely regulates the chemical processes within them; however, how pH and chemical species spatially distribute within an atmospheric microdroplet is still under intense debate. The challenge is to measure pH distribution within a tiny volume without affecting the chemical species distribution. We demonstrate a method based on stimulated Raman scattering microscopy to visualize the three-dimensional pH distribution inside single microdroplets of varying sizes. We find that the surface of all microdroplets is more acidic, and a monotonic trend of pH decreasing is observed in the 2.9-μm aerosol microdroplet from center to edge, which is well supported by molecular dynamics simulation. However, bigger cloud microdroplet differs from small aerosol for pH distribution. This size-dependent pH distribution in microdroplets can be related to the surface-to-volume ratio. This work presents noncontact measurement and chemical imaging of pH distribution in microdroplets, filling the gap in our understanding of spatial pH in atmospheric aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedong Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianpeng Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Kejian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanjun Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanyun Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zimeng Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing100081, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Haoran Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53706
| | - Christian George
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne69626, France
| | - Abdelwahid Mellouki
- Institut de Combustion, Réactivité et Environnement (ICARE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/The Observatory of Sciences of the Universe in the Center (CNRS/OSUC), Orléans Cedex 2, 45071, France
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, 43150Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Leipzig04318, Germany
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minbiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, Peoples’ Republic of China
- National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Integrated Research on Disaster Risk, and RDR International Center of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People’s Republic of China
| | - Joseph S. Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental, Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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15
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Ju Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Liu Y, Yang Y, Kan G, Yu K, Jiang J. Abiotic synthesis with plausible emergence for primitive phospholipid in aqueous microdroplets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:535-542. [PMID: 36549202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids are the protective layer of modern cells, but it is challenging for the formation of phospholipids that require a simple abiotic synthesis before the advent of primitive cells. Here, we reported the abiotic synthesis for lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) with prebiotically plausible reactants in aqueous microdroplets under ambient conditions. The LPAs formation is carried out by fusing two microdroplets streams: one contains glycerol and pyrophosphate in water and the other one contains fatty acids in acetonitrile. Compared with the bulk solution, LPAs were generated in microdroplets without the addition of catalyst and heating. Conditions of reactant concentrations and microdroplet size varied and suggested that LPAs formation occurred near or at the microdroplet surface. The LPAs formation also showed chemoselective toward on chain-length of fatty acids. Finally, the formation of LPAs underwent two-step reactions with glycerol phosphorylation eliminating one water molecule followed by esterification with fatty acids. These results also implicated that pyrophosphate functioned as both catalysts and precursors in prebiotic LPAs synthesis. The approach using fusion aqueous microdroplets has desirable features in studying the substance exchange and interaction in atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ju
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China.
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Yali Yang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China
| | - Guangfeng Kan
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Kai Yu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China.
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16
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Basuri P, Chakraborty A, Ahuja T, Mondal B, Kumar JS, Pradeep T. Spatial reorganization of analytes in charged aqueous microdroplets. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13321-13329. [PMID: 36507174 PMCID: PMC9682915 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04589c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinted charged aqueous droplets of micrometer dimensions containing spherical gold and silver nanoparticles, gold nanorods, proteins and simple molecules were visualized using dark-field and transmission electron microscopies. With such studies, we hoped to understand the unusual chemistry exhibited by microdroplets. These droplets with sizes in the range of 1-100 μm were formed using a home-built electrospray source with nitrogen as the nebulization gas. Several remarkable features such as mass/size-selective segregation and spatial localization of solutes in nanometer-thin regions of microdroplets were visualized, along with the formation of micro-nano vacuoles. Electrospray parameters such as distance between the spray tip and surface, voltage and nebulization gas pressure influenced particle distribution within the droplets. We relate these features to unusual phenomena such as the enhancement of rates of chemical reactions in microdroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Basuri
- DST Unit of Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Tripti Ahuja
- DST Unit of Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Biswajit Mondal
- DST Unit of Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Jenifer Shantha Kumar
- DST Unit of Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai 600036 India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai 600036 India
- International Centre for Clean Water Chennai Tamil Nadu 600113 India
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17
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Vannoy KJ, Dick JE. Oxidation of Cysteine by Electrogenerated Hexacyanoferrate(III) in Microliter Droplets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11892-11898. [PMID: 36121813 PMCID: PMC10232928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reactivity in droplets is often assumed to mimic reactivity in bulk, continuous water. Here, we study the catalytic oxidation of cysteine by electrogenerated hexacyanoferrate(III) in microliter droplets. These droplets are adsorbed onto glassy carbon macroelectrodes and placed into an immiscible 1,2-dichloroethane phase. We combined cyclic voltammetry, optical microscopy, and finite element simulations to quantify the apparent bimolecular rate constant, kc,app, in microdroplets and bulk water. Statistical analyses reveal that the apparent bimolecular rate constant (kc,app) values formicrodroplets are larger than those in the continuous phase. Reactant adsorption to the droplet boundary has previously been implicated as the cause of such rate accelerations. Finite element modeling of this system suggests that molecular adsorption to the liquid|liquid interface cannot alone account for our observations, implicating kinetics of the bimolecular reaction either at the boundary or throughout the microliter volume. Our results indicate that cysteine oxidation by electrogenerated hexacyanoferrate(III) can be accelerated within a microenvironment, which may have profound implications on understanding biological processes within a cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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18
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Zhang D, Yuan X, Gong C, Zhang X. High Electric Field on Water Microdroplets Catalyzes Spontaneous and Ultrafast Oxidative C-H/N-H Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16184-16190. [PMID: 35960958 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative C-H/N-H cross-coupling has emerged as an atom-economical method for the construction of C-N bonds. Conventional oxidative C-H/N-H coupling requires at least one of the following: high temperatures, strong oxidizers, transition metal catalysts, organic solvents, light, and electrochemical cells. In this study, by merely spraying the water solutions of the substrates into microdroplets at room temperature, we show a series of oxidative C-H/N-H coupling products that are strikingly produced in a spontaneous and ultrafast manner. The reactions are accelerated by six orders of magnitude compared to the same reactions in the bulk. It has been previously proposed by fluorescence microscopy and theory that the spontaneously generated electric field at the microdroplets peripheries can be in the ∼109 V/m range. Based on mass spectrometric analysis of key radical intermediates, we opine that the ultrahigh electric field catalytically oxidizes the substrates by removing an electron, which further promotes C/N coupling. Taken together, we anticipate that microdroplet chemistry will be an avenue rich in green opportunities of constructing C-heteroatom bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Shenzhen Research Institute, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Shenzhen Research Institute, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chu Gong
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Shenzhen Research Institute, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Shenzhen Research Institute, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.,Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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19
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Kwan V, Maiti SR, Saika-Voivod I, Consta S. Salt Enrichment and Dynamics in the Interface of Supercooled Aqueous Droplets. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11148-11158. [PMID: 35715222 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interconversion reaction of NaCl between the contact-ion pair (CIP) and the solvent-separated ion pair (SSIP) as well as the free-ion state in cold droplets has not yet been investigated. We report direct computational evidence that the lower is the temperature, the closer to the surface the ion interconversion reaction takes place. In supercooled droplets the enrichment of the subsurface in salt becomes more evident. The stability of the SSIP relative to the CIP increases as the ion-pairing is transferred toward the droplet's outer layers. In the free-ion state, where the ions diffuse independently in the solution, the number density of Cl- shows a broad maximum in the interior in addition to the well-known maximum in the surface. In the study of the reaction dynamics, we find a weak coupling between the interionic NaCl distance reaction coordinate and the solvent degrees of freedom, which contrasts with the diffusive crossing of the free energy barrier found in bulk solution modeling. The H2O self-diffusion coefficient is found to be at least an order of magnitude larger than that in the bulk solution. We propose to exploit the enhanced surface ion concentration at low temperature to eliminate salts from droplets in native mass spectrometry ionization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kwan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Shoubhik R Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Saika-Voivod
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Styliani Consta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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20
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Investigating water/oil interfaces with opto-thermophoresis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3742. [PMID: 35768421 PMCID: PMC9243056 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Charging of interfaces between water and hydrophobic media is a mysterious feature whose nature and origin have been under debate. Here, we investigate the fundamentals of the interfacial behaviors of water by employing opto-thermophoretic tweezers to study temperature-gradient-induced perturbation of dipole arrangement at water/oil interfaces. With surfactant-free perfluoropentane-in-water emulsions as a model interface, additional polar organic solvents are introduced to systematically modify the structural aspects of the interface. Through our experimental measurements on the thermophoretic behaviors of oil droplets under a light-generated temperature gradient, in combination with theoretical analysis, we propose that water molecules and mobile negative charges are present at the water/oil interfaces with specific dipole arrangement to hydrate oil droplets, and that this arrangement is highly susceptible to the thermal perturbation due to the mobility of the negative charges. These findings suggest a potential of opto-thermophoresis in probing aqueous interfaces and could enrich understanding of the interfacial behaviors of water.
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21
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Gong C, Li D, Li X, Zhang D, Xing D, Zhao L, Yuan X, Zhang X. Spontaneous Reduction-Induced Degradation of Viologen Compounds in Water Microdroplets and Its Inhibition by Host-Guest Complexation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:3510-3516. [PMID: 35167288 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Water serves as an inert environment for the dispersion and application of many kinds of herbicides. Viologen compounds, a type of widely used but highly toxic herbicide, are stable in bulk water, whose half-life can be up to 23 weeks in natural water, imposing a severe health risk to mammals. In this study, we present the striking results of the spontaneous and ultrafast reduction-induced degradation of three viologen compounds in water microdroplets and provide the concentration, time, temperature dependence, mechanism, and scale-up of the reactions. We postulate that the electrons existing at the air-water interface of the microdroplets due to the unique redox potential therein initiate the reduction, from which further degradation occurs. The host-guest complexation between cucurbit[7]uril and viologens only slightly changes the redox potential of viologens in the bulk but completely inhibits the reactions in microdroplets, adding to the uniqueness of the redox potentials at the air-water interfaces of microdroplets. Taken together, microdroplets might have been functioning as naturally occurring ubiquitous tiny electrochemical cells for a plethora of unique redox reactions that were thought to be impossible in the bulk water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu Gong
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Shenzhen Research Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Danyang Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Shenzhen Research Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xilai Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Shenzhen Research Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Shenzhen Research Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Dong Xing
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Shenzhen Research Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Shenzhen Research Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Shenzhen Research Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Shenzhen Research Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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22
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Basuri P, Shantha Kumar J, Unni K, Manna S, Pradeep T. Aggregation of molecules is controlled in microdroplets. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12657-12660. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04587g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy reveals the control of aggregation and de-aggregation of molecules in microdroplets, which is strikingly different from that in the bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallab Basuri
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Jenifer Shantha Kumar
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Keerthana Unni
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sujan Manna
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- International Centre for Clean Water, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600113, India
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23
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Bai Y, Luan P, Bai Y, Zare RN, Ge J. Enzyme-photo-coupled catalysis in gas-sprayed microdroplets. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8341-8348. [PMID: 35919726 PMCID: PMC9297532 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02791g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-photo-coupled catalysis produces fine chemicals by combining the high selectivity of an enzyme with the green energy input of sunlight. Operating a large-scale system, however, remains challenging because of the...
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiu Bai
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
| | - Pengqian Luan
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing, East China University of Science and Technology (ECUST) Shanghai 200237 P. R. China
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford California 94305-5080 USA
| | - Jun Ge
- Key Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 P. R. China
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory Shenzhen 518107 P. R. China
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 P. R. China
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24
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Luo K, Chen H, Zare RN. Location of carbon-carbon double bonds in unsaturated lipids using microdroplet mass spectrometry. Analyst 2021; 146:2550-2558. [PMID: 33899059 DOI: 10.1039/d0an02396e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An aqueous solution containing unsaturated fatty acids (100 μM) or lipids (50 μg mL-1) and chloroauric acid (HAuCl4, 10 μM) is electrosprayed (-4.5 kV for unsaturated fatty acids and +4.0 kV for lipids) from a 50 μm diameter capillary with N2 nebulizing gas (60 psi), and the resulting microdroplets enter a mass spectrometer with a flight distance of 10 mm for chemical analysis. The HAuCl4 oxidizes the C[double bond, length as m-dash]C double bond to cause the formation of an aldehyde group or a hydroxyl group on one side and a carboxyl group on the other (i.e., CHO-R-COOH or HO-R-COOH), allowing the location of the double bond to be identified. This approach was successfully applied to four unsaturated fatty acids [linoleic acid (LA), ricinoleic acid (RA), isooleic acid (IA), and nervonic acid (NA)] and two phospholipids [1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) and L-α-lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC)]. A mechanism for this transformation is proposed, which involves epoxidation of the double bond, followed by the formation of the final products. This method has the advantages of being simple and rapid, and requiring a small amount of analyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai 200438, China.
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25
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Lee JK, Han HS, Chaikasetsin S, Marron DP, Waymouth RM, Prinz FB, Zare RN. Condensing water vapor to droplets generates hydrogen peroxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30934-30941. [PMID: 33229543 PMCID: PMC7733789 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020158117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It was previously shown [J. K. Lee et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A, 116, 19294-19298 (2019)] that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is spontaneously produced in micrometer-sized water droplets (microdroplets), which are generated by atomizing bulk water using nebulization without the application of an external electric field. Here we report that H2O2 is spontaneously produced in water microdroplets formed by dropwise condensation of water vapor on low-temperature substrates. Because peroxide formation is induced by a strong electric field formed at the water-air interface of microdroplets, no catalysts or external electrical bias, as well as precursor chemicals, are necessary. Time-course observations of the H2O2 production in condensate microdroplets showed that H2O2 was generated from microdroplets with sizes typically less than ∼10 µm. The spontaneous production of H2O2 was commonly observed on various different substrates, including silicon, plastic, glass, and metal. Studies with substrates with different surface conditions showed that the nucleation and the growth processes of condensate water microdroplets govern H2O2 generation. We also found that the H2O2 production yield strongly depends on environmental conditions, including relative humidity and substrate temperature. These results show that the production of H2O2 occurs in water microdroplets formed by not only atomizing bulk water but also condensing water vapor, suggesting that spontaneous water oxidation to form H2O2 from water microdroplets is a general phenomenon. These findings provide innovative opportunities for green chemistry at heterogeneous interfaces, self-cleaning of surfaces, and safe and effective disinfection. They also may have important implications for prebiotic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hyun Soo Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Daniel P Marron
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Fritz B Prinz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
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