1
|
Zhou L, Pan Y, Li X, Fan T, Liang X, Li X. Organelle-resolved imaging of formaldehyde reveals its spatiotemporal dynamics. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:9592-9599. [PMID: 39225152 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb01317d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of formaldehyde (FA) is crucial for elucidating its pathophysiology. In this study, we designed a series of organelle-resolved probes to investigate FA dynamics. By incorporating various organelle anchors into a coumarin hydrazonate, we developed a series of probes with excellent organelle selectivity and FA specificity, enabling rapid and precise sensing of FA in an organelle-resolved way. Leveraging these probes, we captured the spatiotemporal dynamics of native FA in response to exogenous FA or oxidative stress challenges. In particular, we unveiled the distinct responses of various organelles to identical cellular stressors. Moreover, we observed the dynamic response within individual organelles when cells were exposed to stressors for varying durations. We envision these probes will serve as versatile tools for probing FA pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuan Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiaozhuan Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Tingmin Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Xingguang Liang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Xin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lee JM, Kim HS, Yoo J, Lee J, Ahn A, Cho H, Han EH, Jung J, Yoo JW, Kim S, Lee JW, Cho B, Chung NG, Kim M, Kim Y. Genomic insights into inherited bone marrow failure syndromes in a Korean population. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:1581-1589. [PMID: 38735735 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) pose significant diagnostic challenges due to overlapping symptoms and variable expressivity, despite evolving genomic insights. The study aimed to elucidate the genomic landscape among 130 Korean patients with IBMFS. We conducted targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and clinical exome sequencing (CES) across the cohort, complemented by whole genome sequencing (WGS) and chromosomal microarray (CMA) in 12 and 47 cases, respectively, with negative initial results. Notably, 50% (n = 65) of our cohort achieved a genomic diagnosis. Among these, 35 patients exhibited mutations associated with classic IBMFSs (n = 33) and the recently defined IBMFS, aplastic anaemia, mental retardation and dwarfism syndrome (AmeDS, n = 2). Classic IBMFSs were predominantly detected via targeted NGS (85%, n = 28) and CES (88%, n = 29), whereas AMeDS was exclusively identified through CES. Both CMA and WGS aided in identifying copy number variations (n = 2) and mutations in previously unexplored regions (n = 2). Additionally, 30 patients were diagnosed with other congenital diseases, encompassing 13 distinct entities including inherited thrombocytopenia (n = 12), myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition (n = 8), congenital immune disorders (n = 7) and miscellaneous genomic conditions (n = 3). CES was particularly effective in revealing these diverse diagnoses. Our findings underscore the significance of comprehensive genomic analysis in IBMFS, highlighting the need for ongoing exploration in this complex field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Mi Lee
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Seok Kim
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeeun Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ari Ahn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanwool Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Jung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkoo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nack-Gyun Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggoo Kim
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li L. Transcription reprogramming and endogenous DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 142:103754. [PMID: 39232366 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Transcription reprogramming is essential to carry out a variety of cell dynamics such as differentiation and stress response. During reprogramming of transcription, a number of adverse effects occur and potentially compromise genomic stability. Formaldehyde as an obligatory byproduct is generated in the nucleus via oxidative protein demethylation at regulatory regions, leading to the formation of DNA crosslinking damage. Elevated levels of transcription activities can result in the accumulation of unscheduled R-loop. DNA strand breaks can form if processed 5-methylcytosines are exercised by DNA glycosylase during imprint reversal. When cellular differentiation involves a large number of genes undergoing transcription reprogramming, these endogenous DNA lesions and damage-prone structures may pose a significant threat to genome stability. In this review, we discuss how DNA damage is formed during cellular differentiation, cellular mechanisms for their removal, and diseases associated with transcription reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, China; Center for Life Sciences, Shaoxing Institute, Zhejiang University, Shaoxing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sato D, Kirikae H, Nakano T, Katayama S, Yaoita H, Takayama J, Tamiya G, Kure S, Kikuchi A, Sasahara Y. Comprehensive genetic analysis for identification of monogenic disorders and selection of appropriate treatments in pediatric patients with persistent thrombocytopenia. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39318204 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2024.2395358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Persistent thrombocytopenia is caused by various diseases, including immune thrombocytopenia, inherited thrombocytopenia, and inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Considering the large number of genes responsible for inherited disorders, comprehensive genetic analysis is required to diagnose monogenic disorders. In this study, we enrolled 53 pediatric patients with persistent thrombocytopenia exhibiting visually small or normal-sized platelets. We performed whole-exome sequencing, including 56 genes responsible for inherited thrombocytopenia, and evaluated clinical parameters according to disease type. Among 53 patients, 12 patients (22.6%) were diagnosed with monogenic disorders. Nine patients had a family history of thrombocytopenia. Pathogenic or novel variants of genes responsible for inherited thrombocytopenia were identified in three and six patients, respectively. The variants in genes for inherited thrombocytopenia with large or giant platelets were unexpectedly identified in six patients. Pathogenic variants in genes for inherited bone marrow failure syndromes with systemic features were identified in three patients with atypical symptoms. Since the definitive diagnostic methods for immune thrombocytopenia are limited, and a substantial number of patients with inherited thrombocytopenia are at a high risk of developing malignancies, comprehensive genetic analysis is indispensable for selecting appropriate therapies, avoidance of unnecessary treatments for immune thrombocytopenia, and long-term follow-up of patients with inherited thrombocytopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hinako Kirikae
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Saori Katayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hisao Yaoita
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jun Takayama
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of AI and Innovative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- Statistical Genetics Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of AI and Innovative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- Statistical Genetics Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Kure
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- Miyagi Children's Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Atsuo Kikuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoji Sasahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rieckher M, Gallrein C, Alquezar-Artieda N, Bourached-Silva N, Vaddavalli PL, Mares D, Backhaus M, Blindauer T, Greger K, Wiesner E, Pontel LB, Schumacher B. Distinct DNA repair mechanisms prevent formaldehyde toxicity during development, reproduction and aging. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:8271-8285. [PMID: 38894680 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a recognized environmental and metabolic toxin implicated in cancer development and aging. Inherited mutations in the FA-detoxifying enzymes ADH5 and ALDH2 genes lead to FA overload in the severe multisystem AMeD syndrome. FA accumulation causes genome damage including DNA-protein-, inter- and intra-strand crosslinks and oxidative lesions. However, the influence of distinct DNA repair systems on organismal FA resistance remains elusive. We have here investigated the consequence of a range of DNA repair mutants in a model of endogenous FA overload generated by downregulating the orthologs of human ADH5 and ALDH2 in C. elegans. We have focused on the distinct components of nucleotide excision repair (NER) during developmental growth, reproduction and aging. Our results reveal three distinct modes of repair of FA-induced DNA damage: Transcription-coupled repair (TCR) operating NER-independently during developmental growth or through NER during adulthood, and, in concert with global-genome (GG-) NER, in the germline and early embryonic development. Additionally, we show that the Cockayne syndrome B (CSB) factor is involved in the resolution of FA-induced DNA-protein crosslinks, and that the antioxidant and FA quencher N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) reverses the sensitivity of detoxification and DNA repair defects during development, suggesting a therapeutic intervention to revert FA-pathogenic consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Rieckher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Gallrein
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Natividad Alquezar-Artieda
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nour Bourached-Silva
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pavana Lakshmi Vaddavalli
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Devin Mares
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Backhaus
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Timon Blindauer
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ksenia Greger
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Wiesner
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucas B Pontel
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kagajo M, Moritani K, Iwamoto M, Miyamoto M, Imai T, Hamada M, Wakamatsu M, Muramatsu H, Eguchi-Ishimae M, Eguchi M. Two cases of AMeD syndrome with isochromosome 1q treated with allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Leuk Res Rep 2024; 22:100476. [PMID: 39211293 PMCID: PMC11359758 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2024.100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AMeD syndrome is characterized by aplastic anemia, mental retardation, short stature, and microcephaly and is caused by digenic mutations in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) and alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5) genes. We have successfully performed hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in two patients with AMeD syndrome and isochromosome 1q. AMeD syndrome with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloblastic leukemia generally has a poor prognosis; however, early diagnosis may improve treatment response. Although the gain of 1q has been considered as a form of early clonal evolution in Fanconi anemia, it may be an equally important finding observed in AMeD syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kagajo
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kyoko Moritani
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mayumi Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Machiko Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Imai
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, NHO Shikoku Medical Center for Children and Adults, Japan
| | - Motoharu Hamada
- Department of Virology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan
| | - Manabu Wakamatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Mariko Eguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Woo AYH, Jia L. ALDH2 mutations and defense against genotoxic aldehydes in cancer and inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Mutat Res 2024; 829:111870. [PMID: 38944932 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2024.111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Reactive aldehydes, for instance, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde, are important endogenous or environmental mutagens by virtue of their abilities to produce a DNA lesion called interstrand crosslink (ICL). Aldehyde-metabolizing enzymes such as aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) and the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway constitute the main defense lines against aldehyde-induced genotoxicity. Biallelic mutations of genes in any one of the FA complementation groups can impair the ICL repair mechanism and cause FA, a heterogeneous disorder manifested by bone marrow failure (BMF), congenital abnormality and a strong predisposition to cancer. The defective ALDH2 polymorphism rs671 (ALDH2*2) is a known risk and prognostic factor for alcohol drinking-associated cancers. Recent studies suggest that it also promotes BMF and cancer development in FA, and its combination with alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5) mutations causes aldehyde degradation deficiency syndrome (ADDS), also known by its symptoms as aplastic anemia, mental retardation, and dwarfism syndrome. ALDH2*2 and another pathogenic variant in the alcohol-metabolizing pathway, ADH1B1*1, is prevalent among East Asians. Also, other ALDH2 genotypes with disease-modifying potentials have lately been identified in different populations. Therefore, it would be appropriate to summarize current knowledge of genotoxic aldehydes and defense mechanisms against them to shed new light on the pathogenic effects of ALDH2 variants together with other genetic and environmental modifiers on cancer and inherited BMF syndromes. Lastly, we also presented potential treatment strategies for FA, ADDS and cancer based on the manipulation of aldehyde-induced genotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Yiu-Ho Woo
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
| | - Lina Jia
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Matsumoto M, Oyake M, Itonaga T, Maeda M, Suenobu S, Sato D, Sasahara Y, Mishima H, Yoshiura KI, Ihara K. Characteristic phenotypes of ADH5/ALDH2 deficiency during childhood. Eur J Med Genet 2024; 69:104939. [PMID: 38614309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2024.104939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
ADH5/ALDH2 deficiency is a rare inherited syndrome characterized by short stature, microcephaly, delayed mental development, and hematopoietic dysfunction and has recently been proposed as a disease paradigm. Acute and severe presentations include aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, or leukemia, requiring bone marrow transplantation during childhood. Conversely, non-hematological manifestations may exhibit a prolonged and nonspecific clinical trajectory, with growth failure and developmental delay, most of which are often overlooked, particularly in patients with milder symptoms. Here, we describe the clinical course of a girl with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations, including nonspecific hematopoietic disorders, growth retardation, mild developmental delay, amblyopia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and verruca vulgaris, culminating in a genetic diagnosis of AMeD syndrome at 12 years of age. We also summarized the clinical manifestations of previously reported cases of AMeD syndrome. Cumulatively, 13 females and 5 males have been documented, with a cardinal triad of symptoms, aplastic anemia, short stature, and intellectual disability. Additional characteristic observations included pigmentary deposition in approximately half of the cases and skeletal difficulties in one-quarter. We propose that early diagnosis of patients who exhibit relatively mild phenotypes of skin or skeletal lesions is important for managing and improving the quality of life of patients with AMeD syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mio Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Momoko Oyake
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Itonaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Miwako Maeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Soichi Suenobu
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan
| | - Daichi Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai-City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoji Sasahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai-City, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mishima
- Department of Human Genetics, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki-City, Nagasaki, Japan; Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichiro Yoshiura
- Department of Human Genetics, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki-City, Nagasaki, Japan; Leading Medical Research Core Unit, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Ihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University School of Medicine, Yufu-City, Oita, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Benedict B, Kristensen SM, Duxin JP. What are the DNA lesions underlying formaldehyde toxicity? DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 138:103667. [PMID: 38554505 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Formaldehyde is a highly reactive organic compound. Humans can be exposed to exogenous sources of formaldehyde, but formaldehyde is also produced endogenously as a byproduct of cellular metabolism. Because formaldehyde can react with DNA, it is considered a major endogenous source of DNA damage. However, the nature of the lesions underlying formaldehyde toxicity in cells remains vastly unknown. Here, we review the current knowledge of the different types of nucleic acid lesions that are induced by formaldehyde and describe the repair pathways known to counteract formaldehyde toxicity. Taking this knowledge together, we discuss and speculate on the predominant lesions generated by formaldehyde, which underly its natural toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bente Benedict
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Stella Munkholm Kristensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Julien P Duxin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wakamatsu M, Muramatsu H, Sato H, Ishikawa M, Konno R, Nakajima D, Hamada M, Okuno Y, Kawashima Y, Hama A, Ito M, Iwafuchi H, Takahashi Y, Ohara O. Integrated proteogenomic analysis for inherited bone marrow failure syndrome. Leukemia 2024; 38:1256-1265. [PMID: 38740980 PMCID: PMC11147772 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in in-depth data-independent acquisition proteomic analysis have enabled comprehensive quantitative analysis of >10,000 proteins. Herein, an integrated proteogenomic analysis for inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS) was performed to reveal their biological features and to develop a proteomic-based diagnostic assay in the discovery cohort; dyskeratosis congenita (n = 12), Fanconi anemia (n = 11), Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA, n = 9), Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS, n = 6), ADH5/ALDH2 deficiency (n = 4), and other IBMFS (n = 18). Unsupervised proteomic clustering identified eight independent clusters (C1-C8), with the ribosomal pathway specifically downregulated in C1 and C2, enriched for DBA and SDS, respectively. Six patients with SDS had significantly decreased SBDS protein expression, with two of these not diagnosed by DNA sequencing alone. Four patients with ADH5/ALDH2 deficiency showed significantly reduced ADH5 protein expression. To perform a large-scale rapid IBMFS screening, targeted proteomic analysis was performed on 417 samples from patients with IBMFS-related hematological disorders (n = 390) and healthy controls (n = 27). SBDS and ADH5 protein expressions were significantly reduced in SDS and ADH5/ALDH2 deficiency, respectively. The clinical application of this first integrated proteogenomic analysis would be useful for the diagnosis and screening of IBMFS, where appropriate clinical screening tests are lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Wakamatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan.
| | - Hironori Sato
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Ryo Konno
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakajima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Motoharu Hamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
- Department of Virology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 464-0083, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Department of Virology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 464-0083, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kawashima
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan.
| | - Asahito Hama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya First Hospital, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, 453-8511, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ito
- Department of Pathology, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya First Hospital, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, 453-8511, Japan
| | - Hideto Iwafuchi
- Department of Pathology, Shizuoka Children's Hospital, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka, 420-095, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu C, Zhang L, Xu S, Wang Z, Han Q, Lv Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, He S, Yuan Q, Bian Y, Li C, Wang J, Xu F, Cao Y, Pang J, Chen Y. Neutrophil ALDH2 is a new therapeutic target for the effective treatment of sepsis-induced ARDS. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:510-526. [PMID: 38472357 PMCID: PMC11061144 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) mutations are commonly found in a subgroup of the Asian population. However, the role of ALDH2 in septic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains unknown. Here, we showed that human subjects carrying the ALDH2rs671 mutation were highly susceptible to developing septic ARDS. Intriguingly, ALDH2rs671-ARDS patients showed higher levels of blood cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA than ALDH2WT-ARDS patients. To investigate the mechanisms underlying ALDH2 deficiency in the development of septic ARDS, we utilized Aldh2 gene knockout mice and Aldh2rs671 gene knock-in mice. In clinically relevant mouse sepsis models, Aldh2-/- mice and Aldh2rs671 mice exhibited pulmonary and circulating NETosis, a specific process that releases neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) from neutrophils. Furthermore, we discovered that NETosis strongly promoted endothelial destruction, accelerated vascular leakage, and exacerbated septic ARDS. At the molecular level, ALDH2 increased K48-linked polyubiquitination and degradation of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) to inhibit NETosis, which was achieved by promoting PAD4 binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP. Pharmacological administration of the ALDH2-specific activator Alda-1 substantially alleviated septic ARDS by inhibiting NETosis. Together, our data reveal a novel ALDH2-based protective mechanism against septic ARDS, and the activation of ALDH2 may be an effective treatment strategy for sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changchang Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaoyu Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zichen Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Lv
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xingfang Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiangxin Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingju Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Simeng He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuhuan Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Bian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanbao Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Jiaojiao Pang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Chest Pain Center, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Research of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Oka Y, Nakazawa Y, Shimada M, Ogi T. Endogenous aldehyde-induced DNA-protein crosslinks are resolved by transcription-coupled repair. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:784-796. [PMID: 38600234 PMCID: PMC11098742 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) induced by aldehydes interfere with replication and transcription. Hereditary deficiencies in DPC repair and aldehyde clearance processes cause progeria, including Ruijs-Aalfs syndrome (RJALS) and AMeD syndrome (AMeDS) in humans. Although the elimination of DPC during replication has been well established, how cells overcome DPC lesions in transcription remains elusive. Here we show that endogenous aldehyde-induced DPC roadblocks are efficiently resolved by transcription-coupled repair (TCR). We develop a high-throughput sequencing technique to measure the genome-wide distribution of DPCs (DPC-seq). Using proteomics and DPC-seq, we demonstrate that the conventional TCR complex as well as VCP/p97 and the proteasome are required for the removal of formaldehyde-induced DPCs. TFIIS-dependent cleavage of RNAPII transcripts protects against transcription obstacles. Finally, a mouse model lacking both aldehyde clearance and TCR confirms endogenous DPC accumulation in actively transcribed regions. Collectively, our data provide evidence that transcription-coupled DPC repair (TC-DPCR) as well as aldehyde clearance are crucial for protecting against metabolic genotoxin, thus explaining the molecular pathogenesis of AMeDS and other disorders associated with defects in TCR, such as Cockayne syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyoshi Oka
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakazawa
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mayuko Shimada
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
- Division of Animal Medical Science, Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- Division of Molecular Physiology and Dynamics, Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
van Sluis M, Yu Q, van der Woude M, Gonzalo-Hansen C, Dealy SC, Janssens RC, Somsen HB, Ramadhin AR, Dekkers DHW, Wienecke HL, Demmers JJPG, Raams A, Davó-Martínez C, Llerena Schiffmacher DA, van Toorn M, Häckes D, Thijssen KL, Zhou D, Lammers JG, Pines A, Vermeulen W, Pothof J, Demmers JAA, van den Berg DLC, Lans H, Marteijn JA. Transcription-coupled DNA-protein crosslink repair by CSB and CRL4 CSA-mediated degradation. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:770-783. [PMID: 38600236 PMCID: PMC11098752 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) arise from enzymatic intermediates, metabolism or chemicals like chemotherapeutics. DPCs are highly cytotoxic as they impede DNA-based processes such as replication, which is counteracted through proteolysis-mediated DPC removal by spartan (SPRTN) or the proteasome. However, whether DPCs affect transcription and how transcription-blocking DPCs are repaired remains largely unknown. Here we show that DPCs severely impede RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription and are preferentially repaired in active genes by transcription-coupled DPC (TC-DPC) repair. TC-DPC repair is initiated by recruiting the transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) factors CSB and CSA to DPC-stalled RNA polymerase II. CSA and CSB are indispensable for TC-DPC repair; however, the downstream TC-NER factors UVSSA and XPA are not, a result indicative of a non-canonical TC-NER mechanism. TC-DPC repair functions independently of SPRTN but is mediated by the ubiquitin ligase CRL4CSA and the proteasome. Thus, DPCs in genes are preferentially repaired in a transcription-coupled manner to facilitate unperturbed transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein van Sluis
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie van der Woude
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camila Gonzalo-Hansen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shannon C Dealy
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel C Janssens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hedda B Somsen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anisha R Ramadhin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick H W Dekkers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Lena Wienecke
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris J P G Demmers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Raams
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlota Davó-Martínez
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana A Llerena Schiffmacher
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marvin van Toorn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Häckes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen L Thijssen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith G Lammers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Pines
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Pothof
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A A Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hannes Lans
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen A Marteijn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tokifuji Y, Hayabuchi H, Sasaki T, Hara-Chikuma M, Hirota K, Takahashi H, Amagai M, Yoshimura A, Chikuma S. Targeting abatacept-resistant T-helper-17 cells by aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition. iScience 2024; 27:108646. [PMID: 38226171 PMCID: PMC10788227 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-17-producing helper T (Th17) cells are long-lived and serve as central effector cells in chronic autoimmune diseases. The underlying mechanisms of Th17 persistence remain unclear. We demonstrated that abatacept, a CD28 antagonist, effectively prevented the development of skin disease in a Th17-dependent experimental autoimmune dermatitis model. Abatacept selectively inhibited the emergence of IL-7R-negative effector-phenotype T cells while allowing the survival and proliferation of IL-7R+ memory-phenotype cells. The surviving IL-7R+ Th17 cells expressed genes associated with alcohol/aldehyde detoxification and showed potential to transdifferentiate into IL-7R-negative effector cells. Inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase reduced IL-7R+ Th17 cells in vivo, independently of CD28, and exhibited additive effects when combined with abatacept. Our findings suggest that CD28 blockade prevents inflammation without eliminating persistent memory cells. These remaining memory cells can be targeted by other drugs, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors, to limit their survival, thereby facilitating the treatment of chronic autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Tokifuji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, East Lecture Hall 4F, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hodaka Hayabuchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, East Lecture Hall 4F, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mariko Hara-Chikuma
- Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keiji Hirota
- Laboratory of Integrative Biological Science, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hayato Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, East Lecture Hall 4F, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Chikuma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, East Lecture Hall 4F, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao S, Cordes J, Caban KM, Götz MJ, Mackens-Kiani T, Veltri AJ, Sinha NK, Weickert P, Kaya S, Hewitt G, Nedialkova DD, Fröhlich T, Beckmann R, Buskirk AR, Green R, Stingele J. RNF14-dependent atypical ubiquitylation promotes translation-coupled resolution of RNA-protein crosslinks. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4290-4303.e9. [PMID: 37951216 PMCID: PMC10783637 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive aldehydes are abundant endogenous metabolites that challenge homeostasis by crosslinking cellular macromolecules. Aldehyde-induced DNA damage requires repair to prevent cancer and premature aging, but it is unknown whether cells also possess mechanisms that resolve aldehyde-induced RNA lesions. Here, we establish photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking (PAR-CL) as a model system to study RNA crosslinking damage in the absence of confounding DNA damage in human cells. We find that such RNA damage causes translation stress by stalling elongating ribosomes, which leads to collisions with trailing ribosomes and activation of multiple stress response pathways. Moreover, we discovered a translation-coupled quality control mechanism that resolves covalent RNA-protein crosslinks. Collisions between translating ribosomes and crosslinked mRNA-binding proteins trigger their modification with atypical K6- and K48-linked ubiquitin chains. Ubiquitylation requires the E3 ligase RNF14 and leads to proteasomal degradation of the protein adduct. Our findings identify RNA lesion-induced translational stress as a central component of crosslinking damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Cordes
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Karolina M Caban
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Götz
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Timur Mackens-Kiani
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anthony J Veltri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Niladri K Sinha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Pedro Weickert
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Selay Kaya
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Graeme Hewitt
- King's College London School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Danny D Nedialkova
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Bioscience, Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Beckmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Allen R Buskirk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Rachel Green
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Julian Stingele
- Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Suryo Rahmanto A, Blum CJ, Scalera C, Heidelberger JB, Mesitov M, Horn-Ghetko D, Gräf JF, Mikicic I, Hobrecht R, Orekhova A, Ostermaier M, Ebersberger S, Möckel MM, Krapoth N, Da Silva Fernandes N, Mizi A, Zhu Y, Chen JX, Choudhary C, Papantonis A, Ulrich HD, Schulman BA, König J, Beli P. K6-linked ubiquitylation marks formaldehyde-induced RNA-protein crosslinks for resolution. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4272-4289.e10. [PMID: 37951215 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive aldehydes are produced by normal cellular metabolism or after alcohol consumption, and they accumulate in human tissues if aldehyde clearance mechanisms are impaired. Their toxicity has been attributed to the damage they cause to genomic DNA and the subsequent inhibition of transcription and replication. However, whether interference with other cellular processes contributes to aldehyde toxicity has not been investigated. We demonstrate that formaldehyde induces RNA-protein crosslinks (RPCs) that stall the ribosome and inhibit translation in human cells. RPCs in the messenger RNA (mRNA) are recognized by the translating ribosomes, marked by atypical K6-linked ubiquitylation catalyzed by the RING-in-between-RING (RBR) E3 ligase RNF14, and subsequently resolved by the ubiquitin- and ATP-dependent unfoldase VCP. Our findings uncover an evolutionary conserved formaldehyde-induced stress response pathway that protects cells against RPC accumulation in the cytoplasm, and they suggest that RPCs contribute to the cellular and tissue toxicity of reactive aldehydes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aldwin Suryo Rahmanto
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Horn-Ghetko
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Justus F Gräf
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Mikicic
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Anna Orekhova
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Nils Krapoth
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Athanasia Mizi
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yajie Zhu
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jia-Xuan Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Chunaram Choudhary
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Argyris Papantonis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Helle D Ulrich
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Brenda A Schulman
- Department of Molecular Machines and Signaling, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Julian König
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Petra Beli
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology (IDN), Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pham VN, Bruemmer KJ, Toh JDW, Ge EJ, Tenney L, Ward CC, Dingler FA, Millington CL, Garcia-Prieto CA, Pulos-Holmes MC, Ingolia NT, Pontel LB, Esteller M, Patel KJ, Nomura DK, Chang CJ. Formaldehyde regulates S-adenosylmethionine biosynthesis and one-carbon metabolism. Science 2023; 382:eabp9201. [PMID: 37917677 DOI: 10.1126/science.abp9201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
One-carbon metabolism is an essential branch of cellular metabolism that intersects with epigenetic regulation. In this work, we show how formaldehyde (FA), a one-carbon unit derived from both endogenous sources and environmental exposure, regulates one-carbon metabolism by inhibiting the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the major methyl donor in cells. FA reacts with privileged, hyperreactive cysteine sites in the proteome, including Cys120 in S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1 (MAT1A). FA exposure inhibited MAT1A activity and decreased SAM production with MAT-isoform specificity. A genetic mouse model of chronic FA overload showed a decrease n SAM and in methylation on selected histones and genes. Epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of Mat1a and related genes function as compensatory mechanisms for FA-dependent SAM depletion, revealing a biochemical feedback cycle between FA and SAM one-carbon units.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanha N Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kevin J Bruemmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joel D W Toh
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Eva J Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Logan Tenney
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carl C Ward
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Felix A Dingler
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher L Millington
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Carlos A Garcia-Prieto
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Life Sciences Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mia C Pulos-Holmes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nicholas T Ingolia
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Lucas B Pontel
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cancer (CIBERONC), Calle Monforte de Lemos, Madrid, Spain
- Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluis Companys, Barcelona, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Feixa Llarga, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ketan J Patel
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel K Nomura
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mu A, Hira A, Mori M, Okamoto Y, Takata M. Fanconi anemia and Aldehyde Degradation Deficiency Syndrome: Metabolism and DNA repair protect the genome and hematopoiesis from endogenous DNA damage. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 130:103546. [PMID: 37572579 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
We have identified a set of Japanese children with hypoplastic anemia caused by combined defects in aldehyde degrading enzymes ADH5 and ALDH2. Their clinical characteristics overlap with a hereditary DNA repair disorder, Fanconi anemia. Our discovery of this disorder, termed Aldehyde Degradation Deficiency Syndrome (ADDS), reinforces the notion that endogenously generated aldehydes exert genotoxic effects; thus, the coupled actions of metabolism and DNA repair are required to maintain proper hematopoiesis and health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anfeng Mu
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Multilayer Network Research Unit, Research Coordination Alliance, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Asuka Hira
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minako Mori
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okamoto
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Minoru Takata
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Signaling, Department of Late Effects Studies, Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Multilayer Network Research Unit, Research Coordination Alliance, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tomita A, Sasanuma H, Owa T, Nakazawa Y, Shimada M, Fukuoka T, Ogi T, Nakada S. Inducing multiple nicks promotes interhomolog homologous recombination to correct heterozygous mutations in somatic cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5607. [PMID: 37714828 PMCID: PMC10504326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing has great potential utility for treating genetic diseases. However, its therapeutic applications are limited by unintended genomic alterations arising from DNA double-strand breaks and random integration of exogenous DNA. In this study, we propose NICER, a method for correcting heterozygous mutations that employs multiple nicks (MNs) induced by Cas9 nickase and a homologous chromosome as an endogenous repair template. Although a single nick near the mutation site rarely leads to successful gene correction, additional nicks on homologous chromosomes strongly enhance gene correction efficiency via interhomolog homologous recombination (IH-HR). This process partially depends on BRCA1 and BRCA2, suggesting the existence of several distinct pathways for MN-induced IH-HR. According to a genomic analysis, NICER rarely induces unintended genomic alterations. Furthermore, NICER restores the expression of disease-causing genes in cells derived from genetic diseases with compound heterozygous mutations. Overall, NICER provides a precise strategy for gene correction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tomita
- Department of Bioregulation and Cellular Response, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasanuma
- Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, 156-0057, Japan
| | - Tomoo Owa
- Department of Bioregulation and Cellular Response, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuka Nakazawa
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mayuko Shimada
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuoka
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Genomedia Inc., Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoo Ogi
- Department of Genetics, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (RIeM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakada
- Department of Bioregulation and Cellular Response, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang M, Brandt LTL, Wang X, Russell H, Mitchell E, Kamimae-Lanning AN, Brown JM, Dingler FA, Garaycoechea JI, Isobe T, Kinston SJ, Gu M, Vassiliou GS, Wilson NK, Göttgens B, Patel KJ. Genotoxic aldehyde stress prematurely ages hematopoietic stem cells in a p53-driven manner. Mol Cell 2023; 83:2417-2433.e7. [PMID: 37348497 PMCID: PMC7614878 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) display diminished self-renewal and a myeloid differentiation bias. However, the drivers and mechanisms that underpin this fundamental switch are not understood. HSCs produce genotoxic formaldehyde that requires protection by the detoxification enzymes ALDH2 and ADH5 and the Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway. We find that the HSCs in young Aldh2-/-Fancd2-/- mice harbor a transcriptomic signature equivalent to aged wild-type HSCs, along with increased epigenetic age, telomere attrition, and myeloid-biased differentiation quantified by single HSC transplantation. In addition, the p53 response is vigorously activated in Aldh2-/-Fancd2-/- HSCs, while p53 deletion rescued this aged HSC phenotype. To further define the origins of the myeloid differentiation bias, we use a GFP genetic reporter to find a striking enrichment of Vwf+ myeloid and megakaryocyte-lineage-biased HSCs. These results indicate that metabolism-derived formaldehyde-DNA damage stimulates the p53 response in HSCs to drive accelerated aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Laura T L Brandt
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Holly Russell
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Emily Mitchell
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Ashley N Kamimae-Lanning
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jill M Brown
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Felix A Dingler
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Juan I Garaycoechea
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tomoya Isobe
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah J Kinston
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Muxin Gu
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ketan J Patel
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wit N, Gogola E, West JA, Vornbäumen T, Seear RV, Bailey PS, Burgos-Barragan G, Wang M, Krawczyk P, Huberts DH, Gergely F, Matheson NJ, Kaser A, Nathan JA, Patel KJ. A histone deacetylase 3 and mitochondrial complex I axis regulates toxic formaldehyde production. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg2235. [PMID: 37196082 PMCID: PMC10191432 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cells produce considerable genotoxic formaldehyde from an unknown source. We carry out a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screen in metabolically engineered HAP1 cells that are auxotrophic for formaldehyde to find this cellular source. We identify histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) as a regulator of cellular formaldehyde production. HDAC3 regulation requires deacetylase activity, and a secondary genetic screen identifies several components of mitochondrial complex I as mediators of this regulation. Metabolic profiling indicates that this unexpected mitochondrial requirement for formaldehyde detoxification is separate from energy generation. HDAC3 and complex I therefore control the abundance of a ubiquitous genotoxic metabolite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niek Wit
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Ewa Gogola
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - James A. West
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Tristan Vornbäumen
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Rachel V. Seear
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Peter S. J. Bailey
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Guillermo Burgos-Barragan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Patrycja Krawczyk
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Daphne H. E. W. Huberts
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fanni Gergely
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Matheson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arthur Kaser
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James A. Nathan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Ketan J. Patel
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Babcock S, Calvo KR, Hasserjian RP. Pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome. Semin Diagn Pathol 2023; 40:152-171. [PMID: 37173164 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhai Z, Yamauchi T, Shangraw S, Hou V, Matsumoto A, Fujita M. Ethanol Metabolism and Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1258. [PMID: 36831600 PMCID: PMC9954650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Despite significant efforts in sun protection education, melanoma incidence is still rising globally, drawing attention to other socioenvironmental risk factors for melanoma. Ethanol and acetaldehyde (AcAH) are ubiquitous in our diets, medicines, alcoholic beverages, and the environment. In the liver, ethanol is primarily oxidized to AcAH, a toxic intermediate capable of inducing tumors by forming adducts with proteins and DNA. Once in the blood, ethanol and AcAH can reach the skin. Although, like the liver, the skin has metabolic mechanisms to detoxify ethanol and AcAH, the risk of ethanol/AcAH-associated skin diseases increases when the metabolic enzymes become dysfunctional in the skin. This review highlights the evidence linking cutaneous ethanol metabolism and melanoma. We summarize various sources of skin ethanol and AcAH and describe how the reduced activity of each alcohol metabolizing enzyme affects the sensitivity threshold to ethanol/AcAH toxicity. Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database also show that three ethanol metabolizing enzymes (alcohol dehydrogenase 1B, P450 2E1, and catalase) and an AcAH metabolizing enzyme (aldehyde dehydrogenase 2) are significantly reduced in melanoma tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Takeshi Yamauchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sarah Shangraw
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vincent Hou
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Akiko Matsumoto
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, Saga University, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Feurstein S. Emerging bone marrow failure syndromes- new pieces to an unsolved puzzle. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1128533. [PMID: 37091189 PMCID: PMC10119586 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1128533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure (BMF) syndromes are genetically diverse - more than 100 genes have been associated with those syndromes and the list is rapidly expanding. Risk assessment and genetic counseling of patients with recently discovered BMF syndromes is inherently difficult as disease mechanisms, penetrance, genotype-phenotype associations, phenotypic heterogeneity, risk of hematologic malignancies and clonal markers of disease progression are unknown or unclear. This review aims to shed light on recently described BMF syndromes with sparse concise data and with an emphasis on those associated with germline variants in ADH5/ALDH2, DNAJC21, ERCC6L2 and MECOM. This will provide important data that may help to individualize and improve care for these patients.
Collapse
|
25
|
Exome sequencing analysis of Japanese autism spectrum disorder case-control sample supports an increased burden of synaptic function-related genes. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:265. [PMID: 35811316 PMCID: PMC9271461 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable, complex disorder in which rare variants contribute significantly to disease risk. Although many genes have been associated with ASD, there have been few genetic studies of ASD in the Japanese population. In whole exomes from a Japanese ASD sample of 309 cases and 299 controls, rare variants were associated with ASD within specific neurodevelopmental gene sets, including highly constrained genes, fragile X mental retardation protein target genes, and genes involved in synaptic function, with the strongest enrichment in trans-synaptic signaling (p = 4.4 × 10-4, Q-value = 0.06). In particular, we strengthen the evidence regarding the role of ABCA13, a synaptic function-related gene, in Japanese ASD. The overall results of this case-control exome study showed that rare variants related to synaptic function are associated with ASD susceptibility in the Japanese population.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The ALDH2*2 missense variant that commonly causes alcohol flushing reactions is the single genetic polymorphism associated with the largest number of traits in humans. The dysfunctional ALDH2 variant affects nearly 8% of the world population and is highly concentrated among East Asians. Carriers of the ALDH2*2 variant commonly present alterations in a number of blood biomarkers, clinical measurements, biometrics, drug prescriptions, dietary habits and lifestyle behaviors, and they are also more susceptible to aldehyde-associated diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, the interaction between alcohol and ALDH2-related pathology is not clearly delineated. Furthermore, genetic evidence indicates that the ALDH2*2 variant has been favorably selected for in the past 2000-3000 years. It is therefore necessary to consider the disease risk and mechanism associated with ALDH2 deficiency, and to understand the possible beneficial or protective effect conferred by ALDH2 deficiency and whether the pleiotropic effects of ALDH2 variance are all mediated by alcohol use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Daria Mochly-Rosen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sakaguchi H, Yoshida N. Recent advances in hematopoietic cell transplantation for inherited bone marrow failure syndromes. Int J Hematol 2022; 116:16-27. [PMID: 35633493 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs) are a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by bone marrow failure with unique phenotypes and predisposition to cancer. Classical IBMFSs primarily include Fanconi anemia with impaired DNA damage repair, dyskeratosis congenita with telomere maintenance dysfunction, and Diamond-Blackfan anemia with aberrant ribosomal protein biosynthesis. Recently, comprehensive genetic analyses have been implemented for the definitive diagnosis of classic IBMFSs, and advances in molecular genetics have led to the identification of novel disorders such as AMeD and MIRAGE syndromes. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), a promising option to overcome impaired hematopoiesis in patients with IBMFSs, does not correct nonhematological defects and may enhance the risk of secondary malignancies. Disease-specific management is necessary because IBMFSs differ in underlying defects and are associated with varying degrees of risk for clonal evolution and early or late complications after HCT. In addition, long-term follow-up is essential to detect complications related to the IBMFS or HCT. This review provides a summary of current clinical practices along with the latest data on HCT in IBMFSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hirotoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Yoshida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Although hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow are in a state of quiescence, they harbor the self-renewal capacity and the pluripotency to differentiate into mature blood cells when needed, which is key to maintain hematopoietic homeostasis. Importantly, HSCs are characterized by their long lifespan ( e. g., up to 60 months for mice), display characteristics of aging, and are vulnerable to various endogenous and exogenous genotoxic stresses. Generally, DNA damage in HSCs is endogenous, which is typically induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), aldehydes, and replication stress. Mammalian cells have evolved a complex and efficient DNA repair system to cope with various DNA lesions to maintain genomic stability. The repair machinery for DNA damage in HSCs has its own characteristics. For instance, the Fanconi anemia (FA)/BRCA pathway is particularly important for the hematopoietic system, as it can limit the damage caused by DNA inter-strand crosslinks, oxidative stress, and replication stress to HSCs to prevent FA occurrence. In addition, HSCs prefer to utilize the classical non-homologous end-joining pathway, which is essential for the V(D)J rearrangement in developing lymphocytes and is involved in double-strand break repair to maintain genomic stability in the long-term quiescent state. In contrast, the base excision repair pathway is less involved in the hematopoietic system. In this review, we summarize the impact of various types of DNA damage on HSC function and review our knowledge of the corresponding repair mechanisms and related human genetic diseases.
Collapse
|
29
|
Brunsdon H, Brombin A, Peterson S, Postlethwait JH, Patton EE. Aldh2 is a lineage-specific metabolic gatekeeper in melanocyte stem cells. Development 2022; 149:275182. [PMID: 35485397 PMCID: PMC9188749 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) in zebrafish serve as an on-demand source of melanocytes during growth and regeneration, but metabolic programs associated with their activation and regenerative processes are not well known. Here, using live imaging coupled with scRNA-sequencing, we discovered that, during regeneration, quiescent McSCs activate a dormant embryonic neural crest transcriptional program followed by an aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh) 2 metabolic switch to generate progeny. Unexpectedly, although ALDH2 is well known for its aldehyde-clearing mechanisms, we find that, in regenerating McSCs, Aldh2 activity is required to generate formate – the one-carbon (1C) building block for nucleotide biosynthesis – through formaldehyde metabolism. Consequently, we find that disrupting the 1C cycle with low doses of methotrexate causes melanocyte regeneration defects. In the absence of Aldh2, we find that purines are the metabolic end product sufficient for activated McSCs to generate progeny. Together, our work reveals McSCs undergo a two-step cell state transition during regeneration, and that the reaction products of Aldh2 enzymes have tissue-specific stem cell functions that meet metabolic demands in regeneration. Summary: In zebrafish melanocyte regeneration, quiescent McSCs respond by re-expressing a neural crest identity, followed by an Aldh2-dependent metabolic switch to generate progeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Brunsdon
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.,Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Alessandro Brombin
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.,Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Samuel Peterson
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | | | - E Elizabeth Patton
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.,Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Campus, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang M, Dingler FA, Patel KJ. Genotoxic aldehydes in the hematopoietic system. Blood 2022; 139:2119-2129. [PMID: 35148375 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive aldehydes are potent genotoxins that threaten the integrity of hematopoietic stem cells and blood production. To protect against aldehydes, mammals have evolved a family of enzymes to detoxify aldehydes, and the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway to process aldehyde-induced DNA damage. Loss of either protection mechanisms in humans results in defective hematopoiesis and predisposition to leukemia. This review will focus on the impact of genotoxic aldehydes on hematopoiesis, the sources of endogenous aldehydes, and potential novel protective pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology and
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Felix A Dingler
- Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K J Patel
- Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Meyers LM, Krawic C, Luczak MW, Zhitkovich A. Vulnerability of HIF1α and HIF2α to damage by proteotoxic stressors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 445:116041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
32
|
Takahashi Y, Date H, Oi H, Adachi T, Imanishi N, Kimura E, Takizawa H, Kosugi S, Matsumoto N, Kosaki K, Matsubara Y, Mizusawa H. Six years' accomplishment of the Initiative on Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases: nationwide project in Japan to discover causes, mechanisms, and cures. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:505-513. [PMID: 35318459 PMCID: PMC9402437 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The identification of causative genetic variants for hereditary diseases has revolutionized clinical medicine and an extensive collaborative framework with international cooperation has become a global trend to understand rare disorders. The Initiative on Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (IRUD) was established in Japan to provide accurate diagnosis, discover causes, and ultimately provide cures for rare and undiagnosed diseases. The fundamental IRUD system consists of three pillars: IRUD diagnostic coordination, analysis centers (IRUD-ACs), and a data center (IRUD-DC). IRUD diagnostic coordination consists of clinical centers (IRUD-CLs) and clinical specialty subgroups (IRUD-CSSs). In addition, the IRUD coordinating center (IRUD-CC) manages the entire IRUD system and temporarily operates the IRUD resource center (IRUD-RC). By the end of March 2021, 6301 pedigrees consisting of 18,136 individuals were registered in the IRUD. The whole-exome sequencing method was completed in 5136 pedigrees, and a final diagnosis was established in 2247 pedigrees (43.8%). The total number of aberrated genes and pathogenic variants was 657 and 1718, among which 1113 (64.8%) were novel. In addition, 39 novel disease entities or phenotypes with 41 aberrated genes were identified. The 6-year endeavor of IRUD has been an overwhelming success, establishing an all-Japan comprehensive diagnostic and research system covering all geographic areas and clinical specialties/subspecialties. IRUD has accurately diagnosed diseases, identified novel aberrated genes or disease entities, discovered many candidate genes, and enriched phenotypic and pathogenic variant databases. Further promotion of the IRUD is essential for determining causes and developing cures for rare and undiagnosed diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Date
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hideki Oi
- Department of Clinical Data Science, Clinical Research and Education Promotion Division, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Takeya Adachi
- Keio Frontier Research & Education Collaborative Square (K-FRECS) at Tonomachi, Keio University, Kawasaki, Japan.,Department of Medical Regulatory Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriaki Imanishi
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Research Promotion and Management, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - En Kimura
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan.,Astellas Pharma Incorporated, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hotake Takizawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kosugi
- Department of Medical Ethics/Medical Genetics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kosaki
- Center for Medical Genetics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Hidehiro Mizusawa
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Umansky C, Morellato AE, Rieckher M, Scheidegger MA, Martinefski MR, Fernández GA, Pak O, Kolesnikova K, Reingruber H, Bollini M, Crossan GP, Sommer N, Monge ME, Schumacher B, Pontel LB. Endogenous formaldehyde scavenges cellular glutathione resulting in redox disruption and cytotoxicity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:745. [PMID: 35136057 PMCID: PMC8827065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28242-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Formaldehyde (FA) is a ubiquitous endogenous and environmental metabolite that is thought to exert cytotoxicity through DNA and DNA-protein crosslinking, likely contributing to the onset of the human DNA repair condition Fanconi Anaemia. Mutations in the genes coding for FA detoxifying enzymes underlie a human inherited bone marrow failure syndrome (IBMFS), even in the presence of functional DNA repair, raising the question of whether FA causes relevant cellular damage beyond genotoxicity. Here, we report that FA triggers cellular redox imbalance in human cells and in Caenorhabditis elegans. Mechanistically, FA reacts with the redox-active thiol group of glutathione (GSH), altering the GSH:GSSG ratio and causing oxidative stress. FA cytotoxicity is prevented by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (ADH5/GSNOR), which metabolizes FA-GSH products, lastly yielding reduced GSH. Furthermore, we show that GSH synthesis protects human cells from FA, indicating an active role of GSH in preventing FA toxicity. These findings might be relevant for patients carrying mutations in FA-detoxification systems and could suggest therapeutic benefits from thiol-rich antioxidants like N-acetyl-L-cysteine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Umansky
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín E Morellato
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthias Rieckher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, and Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marco A Scheidegger
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Manuela R Martinefski
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oleg Pak
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ksenia Kolesnikova
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, and Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hernán Reingruber
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Bollini
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerry P Crossan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Natascha Sommer
- Justus-Liebig University, Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - María Eugenia Monge
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bionanociencias (CIBION), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, and Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucas B Pontel
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kou Y, Zhao H, Cui D, Han H, Tong Z. Formaldehyde toxicity in age-related neurological dementia. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101512. [PMID: 34798299 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The primordial small gaseous molecules, such as: NO, CO, H2S and formaldehyde (FA) are present in the brains. Whether FA as well as the other molecules participates in brain functions is unclear. Recently, its pathophysiological functions have been investigated. Notably, under physiological conditions, learning activity induces a transient generation of hippocampal FA, which promotes memory formation by enhancing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-currents. However, ageing leads to FA accumulation in brain for the dysregulation of FA metabolism; and excessive FA directly impairs memory by inhibiting NMDA-receptor. Especially, in Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid-beta (Aβ) accelerates FA accumulation by inactivating alcohol dehydrogenase-5; in turn, FA promotes Aβ oligomerization, fibrillation and tau hyperphosphorylation. Hence, there is a vicious circle encompassing Aβ assembly and FA generation. Even worse, FA induces Aβ deposition in the extracellular space (ECS), which blocks the medicines (dissolved in the interstitial fluid) flowing into the damaged neurons in the deep cortex. However, phototherapy destroys Aβ deposits in the ECS and restores ISF flow. Coenzyme Q10, which scavenges FA, was shown to ameliorate Aβ-induced AD pathological phenotypes, thus suggesting a causative relation between FA toxicity and AD. These findings suggest that the combination of these two methods is a promising strategy for treating AD.
Collapse
|
35
|
Tao R, Liao M, Wang Y, Wang H, Tan Y, Qin S, Wei W, Tang C, Liang X, Han Y, Li X. In Situ Imaging of Formaldehyde in Live Mice with High Spatiotemporal Resolution Reveals Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 as a Potential Target for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Anal Chem 2021; 94:1308-1317. [PMID: 34962779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in formaldehyde (FA) homeostasis are associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In vivo tracking of FA flux is important for understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms, but is challenging due to the lack of sensitive probes favoring a selective, rapid, and reversible response toward FA. In this study, we re-engineered the promiscuous and irreversible phenylhydrazines to make them selective and reversible toward FA by tuning their nucleophilicity. This effort resulted in PFM309, a selective (selectivity coefficient KFA,methylglyoxal = 0.06), rapid (t1/2 = 32 s at [FA] = 200 μM), and reversible fluorogenic probe (K = 6.24 mM-1) that tracks the FA flux in both live cells and live mice. In vivo tracking of the FA flux was realized by PFM309 imaging, which revealed the gradual accumulation of FA in the live mice brain during normal aging and its further increase in AD mice. We further identified the age-dependent loss of catabolism enzymes ALDH2 and ADH5 as the primary mechanism responsible for formaldehyde excess. Activating ALDH2 with the small molecular activator Alda1 significantly protected neurovascular cells from formaldehyde overload and consequently from impairment during AD progress both in vitro and in vivo. These findings revealed PFM309 as a robust tool to study AD pathology and highlight ALDH2 as a potential target for AD drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Tao
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Meihua Liao
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang, China
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian 116622 Liaoning, China
| | - Yuhang Tan
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Siyao Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018 Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjing Wei
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Chunzhi Tang
- Medical College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong, China
| | - Xingguang Liang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifeng Han
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018 Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058 Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dang Q, Liu Z, Hu S, Chen Z, Meng L, Hu J, Wang G, Yuan W, Han X, Li L, Sun Z. Derivation and Clinical Validation of a Redox-Driven Prognostic Signature for Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743703. [PMID: 34778061 PMCID: PMC8578893 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), a seriously threat that endangers public health, has a striking tendency to relapse and metastasize. Redox-related signaling pathways have recently been extensively studied in cancers. However, the study and potential role of redox in CRC remain unelucidated. We developed and validated a risk model for prognosis and recurrence prediction in CRC patients via identifying gene signatures driven by redox-related signaling pathways. The redox-driven prognostic signature (RDPS) was demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for patient survival (including OS and RFS) in four public cohorts and one clinical in-house cohort. Additionally, there was an intimate association between the risk score and tumor immune infiltration, with higher risk score accompanied with less immune cell infiltration. In this study, we used redox-related factors as an entry point, which may provide a broader perspective for prognosis prediction in CRC and have the potential to provide more promising evidence for immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Dang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengyun Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lingfang Meng
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhengzhou Sixth People's Hospital, Henan Infectious Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junhong Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guixian Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenqiang Sun
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu Q, Gu T, Su LY, Jiao L, Qiao X, Xu M, Xie T, Yang LX, Yu D, Xu L, Chen C, Yao YG. GSNOR facilitates antiviral innate immunity by restricting TBK1 cysteine S-nitrosation. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102172. [PMID: 34678655 PMCID: PMC8577438 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is the first line of host defense against pathogens. This process is modulated by multiple antiviral protein modifications, such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Here, we showed that cellular S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is actively involved in innate immunity activation. GSNOR deficiency in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) and RAW264.7 macrophages reduced the antiviral innate immune response and facilitated herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication. Concordantly, HSV-1 infection in Gsnor-/- mice and wild-type mice with GSNOR being inhibited by N6022 resulted in higher mortality relative to the respective controls, together with severe infiltration of immune cells in the lungs. Mechanistically, GSNOR deficiency enhanced cellular TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) protein S-nitrosation at the Cys423 site and inhibited TBK1 kinase activity, resulting in reduced interferon production for antiviral responses. Our study indicated that GSNOR is a critical regulator of antiviral responses and S-nitrosation is actively involved in innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Tianle Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Ling-Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Lijin Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Xinhua Qiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Ting Xie
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lu-Xiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Chang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nadalutti CA, Prasad R, Wilson SH. Perspectives on formaldehyde dysregulation: Mitochondrial DNA damage and repair in mammalian cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 105:103134. [PMID: 34116475 PMCID: PMC9014805 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining genome stability involves coordination between different subcellular compartments providing cells with DNA repair systems that safeguard against environmental and endogenous stresses. Organisms produce the chemically reactive molecule formaldehyde as a component of one-carbon metabolism, and cells maintain systems to regulate endogenous levels of formaldehyde under physiological conditions, preventing genotoxicity, among other adverse effects. Dysregulation of formaldehyde is associated with several diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. In the present review, we discuss the complex topic of endogenous formaldehyde metabolism and summarize advances in research on fo dysregulation, along with future research perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina A Nadalutti
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Samuel H Wilson
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kinoshita S, Ando M, Ando J, Ishii M, Furukawa Y, Tomita O, Azusawa Y, Shirane S, Kishita Y, Yatsuka Y, Eguchi H, Okazaki Y, Komatsu N. Trigenic ADH5/ ALDH2/ ADGRV1 mutations in myelodysplasia with Usher syndrome. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07804. [PMID: 34458631 PMCID: PMC8379464 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Trio-next generation sequencing is useful to identify undiagnosed inherited diseases. We have attended a patient with trigenic ADH5/ALDH2/ADGRV1 pathogenic variants, which caused two distinct diseases, myelodysplastic syndrome and Usher syndrome. Whole genome sequencing of peripheral blood from the patient and his parents were applied to identify disease-causing genes. Sanger sequencing was performed to validate the identified ADH5/ALDH2/ADGRV1 variants. Our results identified disease-associated variants in ADGRV1 (disease inheritance autosomal recessive) and in ADH5 (disease inheritance also autosomal recessive) and a variant in ALDH2 (disease inheritance autosomal dominant). Although the variants identified in ADH5 and ALDH2 have been reported, their co-existence in association with disease-causing variation in a third gene has not. They broaden the spectrum of ADGRV1 in Usher syndrome. Findings on next generation sequencing guided rapid and accurate diagnosis, resulting in patient-tailored therapeutic intervention. Trigenic ADH5 / ALDH2 / ADGRV1 variants in myelodysplastic syndrome with Usher syndrome were identified. Two novel pathogenic frameshift variants in ADGRV1 in compound heterozygous state with Usher syndrome type II were described. Findings on next generation sequencing guided rapid and accurate diagnosis, resulting in patient-tailored therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kinoshita
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Ando
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Ando
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Ishii
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Furukawa
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Tomita
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Azusawa
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Stem Cell Regulation, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shirane
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kishita
- Diagnostic and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Yatsuka
- Diagnostic and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Eguchi
- Diagnostic and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnostic and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Komatsu
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Southwell C, Wotherspoon S, Emmerson L. Emerging evidence of resource limitation in an Antarctic seabird metapopulation after 6 decades of sustained population growth. Oecologia 2021; 196:693-705. [PMID: 34109449 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The influence of resource limitation on spatio-temporal population dynamics is a fundamental theme in ecology and the concepts of carrying capacity, density dependence and population synchrony are central to this theme. The life history characteristics of seabirds, which include use of disjunct patches of breeding habitat, high coloniality during breeding, strong philopatry, and central-place foraging, make this group well suited to studying this paradigm. Here, we investigate whether density-dependent processes are starting to limit population growth in the Adélie penguin metapopulation breeding in the Windmill Islands, East Antarctica, after 6 decades of growth. Our finding that the regional growth rate has slowed in recent decades, and that growth is slowing differentially across local populations as availability of breeding habitat and possibly food resources decrease, supports the notion of density-dependent regulation. Our observation of the first new colonisation of a breeding patch in a half-century of population growth by this highly philopatric species is further evidence for this. Given these emerging patterns of spatio-temporal population dynamics, this metapopulation may be at a point where the rate of change in density-dependent processes and rare events such as colonisations accelerates into the future, potentially providing new insights into spatio-temporal metapopulation dynamics of a long-lived species over a short time-frame. Continued long-term study of populations experiencing these circumstances provides an opportunity to expedite advances in understanding metapopulation processes. Our study highlights the importance of spatial heterogeneity and the mosaic of abiotic and biotic features of landscapes and seascapes in shaping species' metapopulation dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin Southwell
- Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS, 7050, Australia.
| | - Simon Wotherspoon
- Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS, 7050, Australia.,Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, 20 Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS, 7004, Australia
| | - Louise Emmerson
- Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS, 7050, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Feurstein S, Drazer M, Godley LA. Germline predisposition to haematopoietic malignancies. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:R225-R235. [PMID: 34100074 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Once thought to be exceedingly rare, the advent of next-generation sequencing has revealed a plethora of germline predisposition disorders that confer risk for haematopoietic malignancies (HMs). These syndromes are now recognized to be much more common than previously thought. The recognition of a germline susceptibility risk allele in an individual impacts the clinical management and health surveillance strategies in the index patient and relatives who share the causative DNA variant. Challenges to accurate clinical testing include a lack of familiarity in many health care providers, the requirement for DNA samples that reasonably approximate the germline state, and a lack of standardization among diagnostic platforms as to which genes are sequenced and their capabilities in detecting the full range of variant types that confer risk. Current knowledge gaps include a comprehensive understanding of all predisposition genes; whether scenarios exist in which an allogeneic stem cell transplant using donor haematopoietic stem cells with deleterious variants is permissive; and effective means of delivering genetic counseling and results disclosure for these conditions. We are hopeful that comprehensive germline genetic testing, universal germline testing for all patients with an HM, universal germline testing for allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell donors, and the development of preventive strategies to delay or even prevent malignancies will be available in the near future. These factors will likely contribute to improved health outcomes for at-risk individuals and their family members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Feurstein
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael Drazer
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Lucy A Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
|